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Physics: Chapter Light

Light travels in straight lines and can be reflected off surfaces. There are two main types of reflection - regular reflection which reflects parallel light rays in a certain direction from a smooth surface, and diffuse reflection which reflects parallel light rays in all directions from a rough surface. The laws of reflection state that the incident ray, normal, and reflected ray all lie in the same plane, and the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. A plane mirror forms an image that is the same size and distance behind the mirror as the object is in front, but is virtual, upright, and laterally inverted compared to the object.

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110 views14 pages

Physics: Chapter Light

Light travels in straight lines and can be reflected off surfaces. There are two main types of reflection - regular reflection which reflects parallel light rays in a certain direction from a smooth surface, and diffuse reflection which reflects parallel light rays in all directions from a rough surface. The laws of reflection state that the incident ray, normal, and reflected ray all lie in the same plane, and the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. A plane mirror forms an image that is the same size and distance behind the mirror as the object is in front, but is virtual, upright, and laterally inverted compared to the object.

Uploaded by

Shahadah Rahim
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.

1 Reflection of Light

What is light?
Light is a form of energy. It can stimulate the light sensitive cells in our eyes to create an impulse for the brain to see the form and colour of object. Luminous objects can emit light into our eyes for them to be seen directly. Non-luminous objects do not emit light but can be seen when they reflect light from the sun or other light sources such as lamps.

Light travels in straight lines


In an uniform medium, light travels in a straight line. This propagation of light (called rectilinear propagation) causes the formation of shadows and eclipses due to opaque objects placed in the path of a light beam.

Some terms...
Ray: shows direction/path of the light energy Beam: a collection of rays

Parallel beam

Convergent beam

Divergent beam

Reflection of light
Occurs when light rays falling on a surface bounce off the surface. Different surfaces will reflect light differently: a. Regular reflection is the reflection of parallel light rays in a certain direction from a smooth surface b. Diffused reflection is the reflection of parallel light rays in all directions from a rough surface

A clear image will be formed by a regular reflection but no clear image can be formed by a diffused reflection.

Ray diagram for reflection i = angle of incidence r = angle of reflection

Laws of Reflection
1. The incident ray, the normal and the reflected ray at the point of incidence, all lie on the same plane. 2. The angle of incidence, i, is equal to the angle of reflection, r. (i = r)

Characteristics of image formed in a plane mirror


Same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of it Same size as the object Virtual cannot be formed on a screen Upright not upside down Laterally inverted left & right sides are opposite to the object

Ray diagram for a plane mirror

Reflection of light by curved mirrors


Two types of curved mirrors: 1. Concave mirror inner curved side

2. Convex mirror outer curved side

Some terminologies...
Centre of curvature, C is the centre of the sphere of which the mirror forms a part. Radius of curvature, r is the radius of the sphere of which the mirror forms a part. Pole, P is the point at the centre of the mirror. Principal axis is the straight line passing through C and P of the mirror. Principal focus, F is the point on the principal axis where incident rays parallel and close to the principal axis converge for concave mirror and diverge for convex mirror. Focal length, f is the distance between F and P.

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