Gradient Recall

Find the gradientof

the following slopes:

enmmnaana

Indices

In the term 7x4,x is the base and 4 is

the power or index and 7 is the coefficient. When
of the same base are multiplied, the powers algebraic terms
are added. This is the first law of indices:
x a x x b x a+b

When two algebraic terms of the same base are

divided, the powers are subtracted. this is the second law of
indices:

Worked Examples:

2ys 3 = 2zs-(-2)= 2z7

B! Ih exprnple ikis evident tha€thé same numerator

and denoÆinåtor
simplify to ut, Therefore/ thik#e)qampleshoWs,
'to the powe
zeroise ualtoI
I do
You do
u17Xu-3

I do You do

16u3 16 UL 14z 7

I do You do

3p 3 x4p p 8q4
2p 3q 2 x 4q 9

3+1 -1
 Simplify the following:

s Xs3 t 2 xt 2 E u4xu—V vs X v

a x 3a 3 bx 12b4 5c 2 x 4c 4 12d 4 x 4e5 x e 2

6a 3b 2 IOC3 3d2 2e3

Oxa tax bo cxc d I-yxl X e

6m x 4m 4 4n5 3p 3 x 4p
8m3 10r4 x 3r
2n2 x 2n 3q 2 x 4q 157'3

exp
-974

6w x 3w 2 5x4 x 4x 3
16. 18.
10y9 x 4y 7z7 x 4z 6
14z10 12r15
673 X z 5* Lt 12 9

21.
9s6 x 3s 4 8t -2 x 8t 5 4u S X 4u -l 20v10x 2v -4 3w 3S X 6W 3
27S9 16t 2 x 2 u2 x 24u 5vs x v 2 12w8 x 2w21

ID - Lt
 Solving Expressions

In the following questions,

form an equation to find the unknown value:
18.Perimeter = 60cm
19. Perimeter 40cm

2(x + l)cm
(x + 2)cm

5xcm (2x —3)cm

4 QCoco)+3T

Gradient

When a line is on a coordinate axis, the gradient of the line may be calculated using the same process as
before, by finding the vertical difference and dividing it by the horizontal difference between any two known
points. This ISdone using the adient formula:

i
Where the values in the formula are taken from two points ) and (x..yz

ND: When findipg the gradient from any two pgints, always label the points Withx and

Worked Examples:

1. Find the gradient of the line joining the 2. Find the gradient of the line in the coordinate
points (4.—5) and (8. Il). axes below
Identify two coordinates if
Label the coordinates: (4, —5b, (8, 115 none are given.

Pick whole number

Sub5titute into the gtödient formula: coor dinotes possnble.

Label ønd substitute into

gradient formula 05 in
example 1.
11 —

16 (o, 1) , (2.7)
 You d

(ı, 3) and (5, 15) (4,2) and (8, 10)

m 10-a
5-1

I do You do

(4, -5) and (1, 10) (-5, 3) and (5, —17)

Ya Ya4 XI yaj

5--5

I do You do

(—12, —21) and (13, -16) (-8, 15) and —3)

Ula
3-15 mz
6
13- -12
2. Find the gradient
of each of the following lines:
(a)
(b)

13
(-8, 15)

2 (12,-5)

IQ- -g
Qo

(d)
(12, 6)
Con
(3312)
15

C 15 m-g-c
pos O -la
--—
—B 14 33

18 (0')18) (-12, 8) (10, 8)

-18

m L —6-0
 Compound Interest

A company's annual profit at

the end of 2021 was 215,000.
The profit is expected to increase by 3%
+0003
each year.
Calculate the company's expected annual profit 1003
by the end of 2025.
Give your answer correct to the nearest
thousand pounds.

bÄ IS) 0003 10

(OQOQ9blooö =
Tommy buys flower seeds from a website. (- os
Tommy is given a 30% discount. He pays El 6.10 for the
seeds.
Calculate the cost of the flower seeds without the discount.

16 010
16010
Georgie had her roof repaired.
She was charged an extra 2•5%for late payment. Hvl+gl/c:
She had to pay a total of E977•85. 10005
Calculate how much she would have saved if she had paid on time. cf>n.ooæ
k q 77
oc- = pas
Inequalities

An inequation or inequality is a staternent that a value lies within a certain range of values. For example, the
statement x < 5 rtmns that x is less than S. Therefore, X could be 4, 2. O.S. -1000. or indeed any nun±er, so
long as it is less than S. For rmst purposes, state that x < S is sufficient

Inequations are solved in the some way as equations. with two Inequality Symbols
exceptions. Firstly, if multiplying or dividing by a negative value, > means "is greater than-
the inequality sign is reversed (exarnple3). Secondly,whenthe means "is greater than or equal to-
unknown is on the right of the inequality. the sign must be < means •is less than*
reversed to move the unknown to the left (example 4). S means "is less than or equal to"
Worked Examples:
2. Sb+l s 11 z 4c+9>Sc+14 a. d+4>3d-4
(-5c) (-50
5b s 10 -c +92 14 422d—4
3
(+4) (44)
822d
42 d

side will give you a positive value Of thé

NB: TO avoid dividing by a negative numbek, determine which

algebraic termfometimes this will be the right-hand side, as in example 4)

I do
You do
4<i+15 9>j-6
4-6

I do
You do
5d— < d + 10 9a +

I do You do

IL3k 6>1—2 3n < 12—3

30 Q
Solve the following inequations:

i. 9a +9 2. 2b- +5

5d-8<2 +10 5. — > +21 6. 9f— 27 +7

(ALP

8. —11 9. i +11

IQ7j- 21 —12 11.3 > 1-2

15 D')Kg

13.3n < 12 — 14. IOq+2< 26- 2q

Zaf
12 -29 PZQ

16.1—4rS5r—17 7-9s<s-33
17. 181 — —6t

5t Z.15
 Compound interest

Households in a city
produced a total of 125 000 tonnes
The total amount of waste in 2017.
of waste is expected to fall
by 2% each year.
Calculate the total
amount of waste these householdsare expected to
9CCS-g
produce

1 649
A theatre group sold 4830 tickets
for their show.
This was 15% more than they sold last year.
How many tickets did they sell (ast year?
IS

480000 tickets were sold for a tennis toumamentlast year.

This represents 80%of all the available tickets.
Calculate the total numberof tickets that were available for this tournament.

- 480 000
490000 0
<f-lclLdS 6co 000
Indices (brackets)

When an algebraic term containing a power is raised to a power, the powers are multiplied. This is the third law
of indices. (x a) b = x ab
Worked Examples:
3 IX3 = 8x3 2. (y3)4 = Y12 3. (4z4)2 = 4 2 z 4X2 = 16z 8

1
277
3
When an algebraic term. has a fractional power or index, the denominator(bottom number) of the index

represents the root and the numerator (top number) represents the power: =
Worked Examples:
4
1 1
1. 2.x-F=
I do You do

(r3)2 (s2)3

I do You do

I do You do

277

>CÔJ
 Simplify the following:
(r3)2
2. (s2)3 3. (t4)4 4. (v6)3

6. 7. (x 2)12 9. (z2)-3 10. (r 4)-5

QLp
OC

3. t; 4. 5.

6. 7. 9. 10.

RI.!N C

97 2. 167 3. 87 4. 275 5. 643

(93)
 Surds EQ

12
8. Express with a rational denominator.
15
Give your answer in its simplest form.

13. Expand and simplify

10

= JÖ+6\JS
12. Express as a fraction with a rationa denominator.
40
Give your answerin its simplest form.

40

Equation of Line (part 1)

Find the equation of the line that passes through (3, 2) and cuts the y-axis at (O, —4).

Gradient:(0,-4) (3.2)

y-intercept: c

Equation:y = mx + c
 CIO)Q)
3. Find the
equation of each of the following lines: _ 15
(b)
10
(10, 20)
-10

(e)

czl+

(5.7)
20

4. Find the equation of the line that passes through (2, I) and cuts the y-axis at (O,2).

5. Find the equation of the line that passes through (—4, 3) and cuts the y-axis at (O, —5).

6. Find the equation of the line that passes through (3, ()) and cuts the y-axis at (O, I).
I do You do

= —2and c = 2 3 and c =

I do
You do

. and c =
(e) m = —- and

I do You do

(g) m = 0 and c (i) m = Oand c =

 Equations/ inequalities

2. Expand and simplify (x+7) 2

14. Solve, algebraically, the inequation

bdb bh

5 cz-ö
5x-Q5>
A storage unit, built in the shape of a cuboid, is shown.

(.x+7)m

It has length (x +7) metres, breadthx metres and height 2 metres.

The volume of this unit is 45 cubic metres.

(a) Show that 2x2 +14x—45 = O.

E) CD

944 - 45
 Indices EQ

Simplify (m-2)4 x m
Give your answer with a positive power.
-13

Remove the brackets and simplify

a4x3a
Simplify
 4
Simplify (m 2)
Give your answer with a positive power.

5c-2
Simplify
c xc
power.
Give your answer with a positive