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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING /
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
(DEGREE STANDARD) CODE: 400

UNIT – I ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

Circuit elements – Kirchoff’s Laws – Mesh and Nodal Analysis - Network

Theorems and Applications for DC and AC circuits: Thevenin’s Theorem,
Norton’s Theorem, Superposition Theorem, Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
– Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis of RL-RC-RLC Circuits- Resonant Circuits -
Natural and Forced Response – Transient Response of RL-RC-RLC Circuits-Two-
port networks – Three Phase Circuits-Star-delta transformation-real and
reactive power-powerfactor

UNIT – II ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS

Coulomb's Law-Electric Field Intensity-Electric Flux Density-Gauss's Law-
Divergence - Electric Field and Potential due to Point, Line, Plane and Spherical
Charge Distributions - Effect of Dielectric Medium - Capacitance of Simple
Configurations- Magnetic Circuits- Magnetomotive force - Reluctance-Faraday’s
laws-Lenz’s law-Biot‐Savart’s law - Ampere’s law - Fleming’s Left and Right
Hand Rule-Lorentz force - Inductance - Self and Mutual Inductance-Dot
Convention-Coupled Circuits
UNIT – III MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
Units and Standards – Static and Dynamic Characteristics-Types of Errors-Error
Analysis – Measurement of Current, Voltage, Power, Power-factor and Energy –
Indicating instruments – Measurement of Resistance, Inductance, Capacitance
and Frequency – Bridge Measurements – Instrument Transformers-Electronic
Measuring Instruments – Multi meters-True RMS meter-Spectrum Analyzer-
Power Quality Analyser- Recording Instruments-X-Y Recorder-Magnetic
Recorders-Digital Data Recorder-Oscilloscopes-DSO-LED and LCD Display-
Transducers and their applications to the Measurement of Non-Electrical
Quantities like Temperature, Pressure, Flow-rate, Displacement, Acceleration,
Noise level –– Data Acquisition Systems – A/D and D/A Converters- Data
Transmission Systems-PLC –smart meters
UNIT – IV CONTROL SYSTEMS
Mathematical Modelling of Physical Systems – Transfer Function - Block
Diagrams and Signal Flow Graphs and their Reduction using Mason’s Rule –
Time Domain and Frequency Domain Analysis of Linear Time Invariant (LTI)
System – Errors for Different Type of Inputs and Stability Criteria for Feedback
Systems – Stability Analysis Using Routh-Hurwitz Array – Nyquist Plot and
Bode Plot – Root Locus – Gain and Phase Margin – Basic Concepts of
Compensator Design – PI,PD and PID Controllers-State Variable formulation-
state transition matrix- Eigen values and Eigen vectors-free and forced
responses of Time Invariant systems-controllability and observability.
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UNIT –V ELECTRICAL MACHINES

D.C. Machines – Construction, Excitation methods – Armature Reaction and
Commutation – Characteristics and Performance Analysis – Generators and
Motors – Starting ,Speed Control and braking – Testing – Losses and Efficiency.
Transformers-Types-Construction and Operation- Testing – Equivalent Circuits
– Losses and Efficiency-All day efficiency – Regulation – Parallel Operation –
Three Phase Transformers – Auto-transformer. Induction Machines –
Construction, Principle of operation – Rotating Magnetic Field – Performance,
Torque-Speed Characteristics, No-load and Blocked Rotor tests, Equivalent
Circuit, – Starting ,Speed Control and braking – Single-Phase Induction Motors
– Linear Induction Motors – Hysteresis Motors – Reluctance Motors.
Synchronous Machines – Construction – Operating characteristics and
Performance analysis – Efficiency and Voltage regulation – Parallel operation –
V and inverted V curves of synchronous motors – Power factor improvement-
permanent magnet synchronous motor-Permanent magnet brushless dc motor
– stepper motor
UNIT –VI POWER SYSTEMS
Single Line Diagram of Power System-Per Unit Quantities-Power Generation
Types- Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Stations – Pumped storage plants – Co
generation– Economic and operating factors – Modelling and performance
characteristics of Power transmission lines and Cables-HVDC transmission–
Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines-Sag-Insulators - ZBus and YBus
formulation - Load flow studies – Shunt and Series Compensation- Symmetrical
and Un symmetrical Faults Analysis - Transient and Steady-State Stability of
Power Systems – Equal Area Criterion-Voltage and Frequency Control – Power
System Transients – Power System Protection – Circuit Breakers – Relays
classification of protection schemes-overcurrent, distance, differential and
carrier-Equipment protection-transformer, generator, motor, busbars and
transmission line –AC and DC Distribution-deregulation-energy conservation
and energy auditing
UNIT –VII ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
Semiconductor Devices – PN junctions – Transistors – FET – Zener, Photo
diodes and their applications – Rectifier circuits – Voltage regulators –
Multipliers. Biasing circuits – Small signal amplifiers – Frequency response –
Multistage amplifiers – Coupling methods – Large signal amplifiers – Push-pull
amplifiers – Feedback amplifiers – Oscillators – Operational amplifiers and its
applications – Precision rectifiers – Multivibrators - Voltage Controlled
Oscillator-Timer. Digital logic gate families (DTL,TTL,ECL,MOS,CMOS) – Logic
gates - Simplification of Logic Functions- Design of Combinational circuits -
Sequential logic circuits-latch–Flipflops– Counters – Registers – multiplexers
and demultiplexers- Schmitt triggers-Memories(ROM,PLA and FPGA).
UNIT - VIII POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES
Principle of Operation and Static and dynamic behaviour of Power
Semiconductor devices –- Power Diode, DIAC, SCR, TRIAC, GTO, MOSFET and
IGBT- - Single and Three Phase AC to DC Converters –uncontrolled and
controlled rectifiers -performance parameters – Single and Three Phase AC to
AC converters - Switched Mode Power Supplies – buck ,boost and buck-boost
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converter topologies -switching losses-Inverters-Single and Three Phase

Inverters – Voltage control- Pulse Width Modulation techniques-harmonic
elimination techniques– Uninterrupted Power Supplies- Electrical drives-motor
load dynamics-load torque characteristics-Speed Control of DC Drives–
Converter/Chopper fed dc motor drives- Speed control of AC drives- induction
motor drives –stator voltage control and V/f control -synchronous motor
drives-V/f control, self control, margin angle control and power factor control

UNIT –IX DIGITAL PROCESSORS AND COMMUNICATION

Architecture of 8085, 8086 and 8051 – Instruction Sets – Assembly Language

Programming – Interfacing for memory and I/O: 8255 Programmable
Peripheral Interface – 8253 Programmable Timer Interface – 8279
Programmable Keyboard and Display Interface – 8257 Direct Memory Access
Interface - Embedded processors (ARM and PIC basics only). Classification of
Signals and systems – Properties of Discrete Fourier Transforms - FFT
Computation – FIR Filters – IIR Filters: Butterworth Filters – Chebyshev Filters.
Digital Communication Systems: Pulse Code Modulation and Demodulation –
Adaptive Delta Modulation - Frequency Division and Time Division Multiplexing
– Data Communication Network Topologies - 7-layer OSI Protocol-IoT concepts

UNIT –X RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND STORAGE DEVICES

Renewable Energy – Sources and Features - Solar Radiation Spectrum-

Radiation Measurement-Solar Photovoltaic Cell –principle of operation-types-
MPPT - Microhydel- Operating principle- Wind Energy –components- wind
power turbine types-MPPT- Site Selection-Types of Wind Generators-smart grid
- Electric vehicles -V2G and G2V- Fuel Cells- Batteries-types and
characteristics- Super Capacitors.
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SYLLABUS
BASICS OF ENGINEERING
(UG DEGREE STANDARD)
Code :422
UNIT-I: MATHEMATICS:

Matrices: Eigenvalues - Eigenvectors of a real matrix - Cayley - Hamilton

theorem - Similar and Orthogonal transformations - Reduction of a quadratic
form to Canonical form by orthogonal transformation. Ordinary differential
equations: Order and degree - Higher order linear ODE with constant
coefficients - Method of undetermined coefficients - Method of variation of
parameters - Cauchy’s and Legendre’s linear equations. Functions of several
variables: Partial derivatives - Total derivatives - Euler’s theorem - Implicit
functions - Jacobians - Taylor’s theorem - Maxima and Minima. Integration:
Definite and indefinite Integrals - Techniques of integration using integration
by parts and Trigonometric Integrals - Double Integrals - Change of order of
integration - Volume Integrals. Vector Calculus: Vectors and scalars -
Gradient and Directional derivatives - Divergence and Curl - Applications of
Green’s theorem, Gauss divergence theorem and Stoke’s theorem. Complex
variables: Analytic functions - Verification of Analyticity - Construction of
Analytic functions - Conformal Mappings - Bilinear transformations. Complex
Integration: Cauchy’s integral theorem - Cauchy’s fundamental theorem -
Cauchy’s residue theorem - Taylor’s and Laurent’s series - Contour
integration (excluding poles on the real axis). Laplace transform: Existence
of Laplace transform - Laplace transform of elementary functions- Properties
- Laplace transform of Periodic functions - Inverse Laplace transform -
Convolution theorem - Solution of linear second order ODE by Laplace
transform technique.

UNIT-II: ENGINEERING PHYSICS:

Mechanics: Newton’s laws of motion – gravitation – work, energy and power -

Properties of matter : Elasticity – moduli of elasticity - Sound : intensity level
– reverberation – Ultrasonics : production, detection and applications -
Thermal Physics : Thermal expansion - thermal stress - expansion joints -
bimetallic strips - thermal conductivity- heat conductions in solids – flow of
heat through compound media – Thermodynamics – Laws of thermodynamics
– Carnot engine - Applied Optics : Interference – Young’s double slit
experiment - anti-reflection coatings - Diffraction - Lasers – principle and
applications – CO2 and Nd:YAG laser - semiconductor lasers – applications of
Lasers - Optical fibres: classification (index & mode based) - principle and
propagation of light in optical fibres - acceptance angle and numerical
aperture - fibre optic communication system - Quantum Physics :
Photoelectric effect– dual nature of matter and radiation – Heisenberg’s
uncertainty principle - Schrödinger’s wave equation - Physics of Materials :
Crystal structures – unit cell – packing factor – Superconductivity : Properties
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and applications - Magnetisation of matter: Magnetic dipole moment –

atomic magnetic moments- magnetic permeability and susceptibility -
Magnetic material classification : diamagnetism – paramagnetism –
ferromagnetism – Semiconductors : Intrinsic Semiconductors – Energy band
diagram – direct and indirect band gap - extrinsic semiconductors –
Dielectric materials: Matter polarization and relative permittivity - dipole
moment and polarization vector -polarization mechanisms: electronic, ionic,
orientational, interfacial and total polarization- frequency dependence -
dielectric strength and break-down in gases, liquids and solids.

UNIT-III: ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY:

Fuel -Classification of fuels - Calorific value - Solid fuel - Liquid fuel - Gaseous
fuel - Octane number - Cetane Number -Lubricants - Classification - Greases
- Solid Lubricants. Water - Sources - Classifications - Softening process -
Desalination - RO Method - Internal treatment - Treatment of Water for
Municipal purposes. Plastics - High polymer - classification - Polymerization
techniques - Thermoplastics - Thermosetting resins - examples. Rubber -
“Types of Rubber - Vulcanisation - Properties-Unvulcanised and Vulcanised.
Natural Rubber - Synthetic Rubber - examples. Refractories - Classification -
Manufacture of Refractories - Magnesite - Silica - Zirconia -Chromite.
Abrasives - Natural - Artificial-Abrasive paper & cloth. Corrosion: Dry and
Wet corrosion - Factors affecting corrosion- Different types of corrosion.
Productive coating - Hot dipping- metal cladding, electro deposition - Organic
Coatings - Paints - Varnishes. Cement and lime- setting and hardening.
Explosives- classifications- characteristics-requirements for good explosives-
nitrocellulose- TNT- TNB-DNB-PETN- RDX. Alloys- purpose of making alloy-
types of alloys- Ferrous alloys. Electrochemistry - conductors and non-
conductors - Kohlrausch law - Electrochemical cell-reversible and irreversible
cells - EMF - Concentration cell- polarization - over voltage, decomposition
potential. Fuel Cells. Nano Chemistry-Basics- distinction between molecules,
Nano materials and bulk materials. Size dependent properties and
applications of Nano Materials

UNIT-IV: BASICS OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING:

Computer Organisation - CPU and Microprocessor [ALU, Control Unit and Bus
Structure] - Data Storage [Primary, Secondary and Virtual] - Input and
Output Devices.
System Software - Assembler - Compiler - Loader - Linker - Operating
Systems.
Programming Languages - Classification of Programming Language,
Algorithm, Flow chart, Pseudo code, High-Level Languages – Fundamental
concepts of C Programming.
Basic Computer Networking - Network Components [Routers, Bridges,
Gateways] - ISO-OSI Reference Model - LAN - WAN - Client-Server
Architecture - Internet - World Wide Web.
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Applications - Office Tools - Word processor - Spreadsheet - Power point -

Introduction to Database concepts - E-mail - Browser.
IT Enabled Services - E-Governance - E-Commerce - Multimedia.

UNIT-V: BASICS OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING:

Introduction to Engineering mechanics - Units and Dimensions - Laws of

Mechanics - Coplanar Forces - Static Equilibrium of Rigid body - Moment of
force - free body diagram - friction - laws of friction - sliding friction - wedge
friction - Rolling resistance - Lader friction - Friction in screws - Screw jack -
Belt friction - Properties of surfaces and solids - Centroids and centre of mass
- line and areas - Rectangular, circular, triangular areas by integration - T-
section, I- Section, Angle section, Hollow section - Area moment of inertia of
plane areas - Parallel axis theorem – Perpendicular axis theorem, Polar
moment of Inertia, Principle moment of Inertia Mass moment of inertia-
Centroid of the simple solids - Dynamics of particle - Displacement, velocity
and acceleration - Different types of motion - Rectilinear , Curvilinear and
Projectile motions - Newton’s II-law of motion - Work Energy equation -
Impulse and momentum principles.

UNIT-VI: BASICS OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING:

Ohm’s law- Kirchoff’s laws - Introduction to DC and AC

circuits - single phase and three phase circuits – Power and Power factor,
Unbalanced and Balanced loads, Operating principles of moving coil and
moving iron instruments (voltmeters and ammeters) – wattmeters,
multimeter, energy meters and megger, Construction and principle of
operation: DC motors- DC generators-Transformers- Induction motors,
Characteristics of PN junction diode - zener diode- half wave and full wave
rectifiers - Bipolar junction transistor (CC,CE,CB configurations), SCR,
Amplifiers- Operational amplifiers – Inverting and Non-inverting amplifiers,
Binary number system- logic gates- Boolean algebra - Half and full adders-
Flip-flops -registers and counters- A/D and D/A conversion, Types of analog
and digital signals- Modulation and Demodulation(amplitude and frequency)
Communication systems: Radio- TV- Fax- Microwave-Satellite and optical
fibre.
UNIT-VII: PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT:

Management - Definition, Evolution of Management Philosophies, Types of

Business, Environment Analysis - Planning- Types, Steps, Forecasting, MBO,
MBE. Organizing – Departmentation, Line and Staff Authority, Delegation and
Decentralization. Staffing - Manpower Planning, Recruitment and Selection,
Training, Performance Appraisal. Directing –Theories of Motivation, Leadership
Styles, Power and Politics, Change Management, Conflict Management,
Communication in Business-Controlling Types, Control Techniques, Budgetary
and Non-Budgetary Control.
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UNIT-VIII: TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT:

Quality – Definitions, Vision, Mission and Policy statements-Dimensions of

Product and Service Quality-Contributions of Quality Gurus-Deming, Juran,
Crosby, Masaaki lmai, Feigenbaum, lshikawa. Costs of Quality- Continuous
Process Improvement- PDCA, Quality Circle, 5S, Kaizen-Statistical Process
Control (SPC), 7QC Tools, New Management Tools of Quality, Bench Marking,
6 sigma, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), POKAYOKE, Total Productive
Maintenance (TPM), Business Process Reengineering (BPR), Quality
Certifications.

UNIT-IX: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING:

Definition, scope and importance of environment – need for public awareness.

Eco-system and Energy flow– ecological succession. Types of biodiversity:
genetic, species and ecosystem diversity– values of biodiversity, India as a
mega-diversity nation – hot-spots of biodiversity – threats to biodiversity:
habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – endangered and
endemic species of India – conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and ex-situ.
Environmental pollution: Causes, Effects and Preventive measures of Water,
Soil, Air and Noise Pollutions. Solid, Hazardous and E-Waste management.
Energy management and conservation, New Energy Sources - Need of new
sources. Different types new energy sources. Applications of- Hydrogen
energy, Ocean energy resources, Tidal energy conversion. Concept, origin and
power plants of geothermal energy. Sustainability and management -
Development , GDP ,Sustainability- concept, needs and challenges-economic,
social and aspects of sustainability-from unsustainability to sustainability-
millennium development goals, and protocols-Sustainable Development Goals-
targets, indicators and intervention areas. Climate change- Global, Regional
and local environmental issues and possible solutions. Concept of Carbon
Credit - Carbon Footprint. Environmental management in industry- Material
Life cycle assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment. Sustainable
habitat: Green buildings, Green materials, Energy efficiency, Sustainable
transports. Sustainable energy: Non-conventional Sources, Energy Cycles
carbon cycle, emission and sequestration, Green Engineering: Sustainable
urbanization- Socio-economical and technological change.