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27330659

The document outlines the concepts of stability and determinacy in various structural forms, including beams, trusses, and frames. It provides criteria for determining whether a structure is stable, determinate, or indeterminate based on the number of unknowns and equations of equilibrium. Additionally, it explains how to calculate the degree of indeterminacy for different types of structures.

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Erica Cadiente
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26 views5 pages

27330659

The document outlines the concepts of stability and determinacy in various structural forms, including beams, trusses, and frames. It provides criteria for determining whether a structure is stable, determinate, or indeterminate based on the number of unknowns and equations of equilibrium. Additionally, it explains how to calculate the degree of indeterminacy for different types of structures.

Uploaded by

Erica Cadiente
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STABILITY AND DETERMINACY (zero degree of freedom)

After reading this lesson the student will be able to


1.Differentiate between various structural forms such as beams,
plane truss, space truss, plane frame, space frame, arches, cables, 1. Stability and Determinacy of Structures:
plates and shells. Structural stability must be judged by the number and
2. State and use conditions of static equilibrium. arrangement of the members and the connection of the
3. Calculate the degree of static and kinematic indeterminacy structure. They are determined by inspection or by formula.
of a given structure such as beams, truss and frames.
For convenience, we shall deal with the general stability and
4.Differentiate between stable and unstable structure.
determinacy of beam trusses and rigid frames in separate
Support Reactions sections
1) Roller: One unknown element.
1.1. Stability and Determinacy of Beams.
A criterion may be established for the statical stability and
determinacy of beams.
Let :
(2 degrees of freedom) (r) = no. of reactions
2) Link or strut: One unknown element. (c) = The total no. of equations of conditions.
(Where: c=1 for an internal hinge, c=2 for an internal roller
and c=0 for beams without internal connection)
(c + 3) = The total no. of the equilibrium equations.

The beam is set to be:

(2 degrees of freedom)  Unstable if (r < c+3 )

3) Hinge: Two unknown elements.

 Determinate if stable if (r=c+3)

(1 degree of freedom)
4) Fixed: Three unknown elements.

 Indeterminate if stable if (r > c +3 )


The degree of indeterminacy (m) can be obtained by:
m = r – (c+3) The truss is set to be:

Further illustrations are given below

1.2. Stability and Determinacy of Trusses.


A truss is composed of a number of bars connected at their ends by
a number of pinned joints so as to form a network, usually a series
of triangles and mounted of a number of supports. Each bar of a
truss is a two force member; hence each represents one unknown
elements for the entire system is counted by the number of bars
(internal) plus the number of independent reaction elements
(external). Thus, if we let b denote the number of bars and r the
number of reaction components, the total number of unknown
elements of the entire system is b+r. Now if the truss in in
equilibrium, every isolated portion must likewise be in equilibrium.
For truss having j joints, the entire system may be separated into j

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 and ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 for the concurrent force system acting on


free bodies in which each joint yields two equilibrium equations,

it.We may thus establish criteria for the statical stability of and the
determinacy of a truss by counting the total unknowns and the
total equations.
 Unstable if( b + r < 2j )

 Determinate if stable if (b+r = 2j )

 Indeterminate if
stable if (b+r > 2j ) The degree of
indeterminacy (m) can be obtained
by:
m =( b+r) - (2j)

Further illustrations are given below


1.3. Stability and Determinacy of Frames.
A rigid frame is built of beams and columns connected rigidly
such as the one shown in figure a. The stability and
determinacy of a rigid frame may also be investigated by
comparing the number of unknowns( internal unknowns and
reactions unknowns) with the number of equations of statics
available for their solution. Like a truss, a rigid frame may be
separated into a number of free bodies of joints as shown in
figure b, which requires that every member of frame be taken
apart. As discussed, there are usually three unknowns
magnitude (N.V, M) existing in a cut section of a member.
However, if these quantities are known at one section of a
member, similar quantities for any other section of the same
member can be determined. Hence, there are only three
independent, internal unknown elements for each member in
frame.

We may thus establish criteria for the statical stability of and the
determinacy of a truss by counting the total unknowns and the
total equations.
Let :
(b) = no. of frame members
(r) = no. of reactions
(j) = no. of joints.
(c) = The total no. of equations of conditions.
(Where: c=1 for an internal hinge, c=2 for an internal roller
and c=0 for beams without internal connection)
(c = no. of members connected at
joint – 1) The frame is set to be:
 Unstable if (3b + r < 3j + c )
 Determinate if stable if (3b + r = 3j + c )
 Indeterminate if stable if (3b
+ r > 3j + c ) The degree of indeterminacy (m)
can be obtained by:
m = (3b+r) – (3j+c)
 Unstable if (U<E)
 Determinate if stable if (U=E)
 Indeterminate if stable if (U>E)

The degree of indeterminacy (m) can be obtained by:


m=U-E

1.4. Stability and Determinacy of Composite Structures.

(E) = no. of equilibrium equations


(U) = no. of

unknowns The structure is

set to be:

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