NAME…………………………………………ADM. NO……..

STREAM……

312/2
Geography
Form 3
October, 2024
Time: 2.45min.

WANG’APALA HIGH SCHOOL

Kenya Certificate of Secondary School

GEOGRAPHY FORM 3

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES

 This paper consists of Sections A and B.

 Answer ALL questions in section A
 Answer all questions in the answer booklet attached.
 In section B answer question 6 and any other two questions.

For Examiner’s use only

SECTION MAX SCORE SCORE

A 25
B 25
25
25
Total 100

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1. (a) Define the term Environment. (2mks)
 All the external conditions that surround an organism and has influence over its
behavior.

(b) Identify three main branches of human Geography. (3mks)

 Economic Geography
 Demography
 Political Geography
 Historical Geography
 Medical Geography
 Agricultural Geography
 Urban Geography
 Industrial Geography

2. (a) Give two minerals that occur as alluvial deposits. (2mks)

 Gold
 Tin
 Diamond
 Platinum

(b) List three factors that influence the occurrence of minerals on the crust. (3mks)
 Vulcanicity
 Metamorphism
 Erosion
 Weathering
 Sedimentary
 Leaching

3. (a) Apart from ground General views, name two ground type of photograph. (2mks)
 Ground close-up
 Ground oblique

(b) State three evidences to show that a given type of photograph is a ground general
view. (3mks)
 Capture abroad view of the area
 It focuses on many objects
 The objects became progressively smaller towards the background.

4. (a) Give three causes desertification. (3mks)

 The encroachment of desert - like conditions on marginal productive region.
 It is the spread of arid conditions into formerly productive areas.

(b) State two problems associated with lighting in Kenya. (2mks)

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  Killing people/animals
 Destroys property/Building/cars/trees.
 Causes fires which destroy vegetation
 Intrupts electricity/power failure
 Interrupts communication

5. (a) Give three main types of Agriculture. (3mks)

 Arable Farming
 Livestock Farming
 Mixed Farming

(b) Identify two economic factors that influence agriculture. (2mks)

 Price Fluctuations
 Marketing expenses
 Operating cost
 Market demands

SECTION B: (75 MARKS)

Answer question 6 (compulsory) and any two other questions.
6. The table below shows production of three major crops in Kenya in ‘000 000’
tonnes between 2001 – 2004. Use it to answer question (a).
Crop/Year 2001 2002 2003
Coffee 10,000 1,600 20,000
Tea 8,000 9,000 20,000
Flower 5,000 6,000 10,000
Totals 23,000 31,000 50,000

(a)(i) Use the diameter method to draw proportional circles (scale 1cm represent 10,000
millions tones). (7mks)

(ii) State three advantages of using proportional circles to present statistical data. (3mks)
 Easy to compare various components.

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  Can be used to represent varying types
 They give a clear visual impression.
 Easy to interpret/Read.

(iii) A part from proportional circles, suggest three other methods that can be used to
represent the data above. (3mks)
 Proportional divided circes
 Compound/cumulative bar graphs
 Comparative Bar grphs
 Comparative line graphs
(b) (i) Name three counties in Kenya where tea is grown on large scale. (3mks)
 Kericho
 Bomet
 Nandi
 Meru
 Nyamira
 Kisii
 KakamegaNyeri
 Kiambu
 Murang’a
 Embu

(ii) State three physical conditions that favour sugarcane farming in Kenya. (3mks)
 Moderate to high temp/20oC – 27oC through the year
 Long period of sunlight during harvesting
 Deep soils
 Alluvial/clay/black cottons soils
 Well drained soils
 Un dulating /Gently sloping landscape
 Low to high altitude (3mks)

(c) Explain three problems facing tea farming in Kenya. (6mks)

 Attack by pest/black tea thrips/Red spider metes weevil which destroy tea plant reducing
quality/yield.
 Impassible feeder roads in the tea growing areas delay the delivery to factory.
 Delay /low payment to the farmers lowers their morale in tea farming.
 Prolonged drought /hailstones which destroy crop lowering production.
 High cost of inputs reduces farmers profit.
 Diseases /Armillaria/root rot reduces yields.

7. (a) Distinguish between a forest and forestry . (2mks)

 A forest is a continues growth of trees over large tract of land while forestry is the act of
developing and managing forests.

(b) Explain how the following factors influence the distribution and type of natural forest.
(i) The gradient of the slope. (2mks)

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  Steep-slopes are covered by forests since they have limited human activites/cultivation.

(ii) Soils
 Deep well drained soils support the growth of a variety tree/dense forest since roots
penetrate deep. (2mks)
 Mud flat soils along the coast support the growth of mangrove forests.
 Thin soils discourage the growth trees.

(iii) Government policy (2mks)

 Areas which are gazetted as forest reserves are prohibited from human settlement hence
are forested areas.

(c)(i) Explain three factors that favour the exploitation of softwoods in Canada. (6mks)
 Softwood are light hence easily transported.
 Presence of rivers such as Ottawa which provide cheep water transport to move
logs to factories.
 There‘s ready market for forest products in Canada raising demand for forest
exploitation.
 Advance technology which facilitates exploitation of forest products.
 Availability of cheap labour .
 Absence of winter thus lugging throughout the years.

(ii) State three ways through which logs are transported in Canada. (3mks)
 Floating logs on rivers
 Skidding over snow
 Use of tractors

(d) (i) State five measures that have been taken to conserve forests in Kenya. (5mks)
 Encouraging use of alternative energy sources.
 Creation of forest reserves to protect tree species.
 Establishing forest Reserve stations
 Encouraging afforestation programme
 Establishing department of forestry
 Initiating national tree planting.

(ii) List the characteristics of planted forests in Kenya. (3mks)

 Contains mainly exotic trees.
 Trees appear in rows
 Trees of the same height.
 Forest are mainly softwood
 Forest appear in blocks
 Trees take short-time to mature
 Forest are scientifically managed
 Forests have little /no undergrowth.

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8. (a)(i) What is dairy farming? (2mks)
 The rearing of domestic animals for milk.

(ii) Name three products of dairy animal. (3mks)

 Milk
 Meat
 Skin

(b) (i) State four physical conditions that favour dairy farming in Kenya. (4mks)
 High to moderate rainfall/500-2500mm for constant of water.
 Deep volcanic/loamy soils for growth of pasture.
 Gently sloping landscape for ideal grazing.
 Availability of natural pasture.
 Cool to warm /hot condition for the growth of pasture.

(ii) Give three breeds of dairy animals reared in Kenya. (3mks)

 Friesian
 Jersey
 Swiss Brown
 Sahiwal cow
 Ayshire
 Alderney
 Geurnsey
 Simental

(c) Discuss nomadic pastoralism in Kenya under the following sub-headings;

(i) Cattle breeds. (2mks)
 Borana
 Zebu

(ii) Marketing. (3mks)

 Surplus animals are sold to slaughter houses
 Sold to the livestock marketing department.
 Some are sold to Kenya Meat Commission.
 Some are sold through community groups/group ranches.

(c) Explain four ways in which dairy farming in Kenya is different from dairy farming in
Denmark. (8mks)
 In Kenya mechanization is limited while Denmark mechanization is widely used.
 In Kenya artificial insemination (extension services (AI)/extension services are limited to
few farms while in Denmark artificial insemination are widely used.
 In Kenya most dairy products are consumed in the domestic market while in Denmark the
products are mainly exported.

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  In Kenya, animals are mainly grazed outdoors throughout the year whereas in Denmark
animals are kept indoors during winter.
 In Kenya research is limited whereas in Denmark it is extensive.
 In Kenya dairy co-operative movement is less developed while in Denmark co-operative
movement is highly developed.

9. (a) (i) What is mining? (2mks)

 Extraction of minerals beneath the earth surface.

(ii) Give three uses Soda ash. (3mks)

 Used to manufacture glasses.
 Used in the manufacture of soaps/detergents
 Used in softening water
 Used in the processing of textiles
 Used in refining oil
 Used to manufacture caustic soda.

(b) (i) Define a derelict land.

 A derelict land is land that has been abandoned after mineral exhaustion/left as
wasteland. (2mks)

(ii) State three effects of land dereliction due to mining activities. (3mks)
 It causes ugliness leading loss of natural beauty.
 Open mines when filled with water forms breeding ground for diseases causing malaria.
 Leads to loss of agricultural land leading to food shortage.
 Lost of industrial land.
 Animals may accidently fall into the open pits.

(c) Explain the significance of mining to the economic development of Kenya. (8mks)
 Exportation of minerals earns foreign exchange which facilitate development projects.
 Source of employment thus raising people’s living standards.
 Provides raw materials for industries thus leading industrialization/development of
industries.
 Has led to development of transport network/roads improving accessibility.
 Has led to development of settlement thus urbanization.
 Provision of social facilities improving people’s welfare/living standards.

(d) (i) A part from dredging, list two other method of alluvial mining. (2mks)
 Panning mining
 Hydraulic mining
 Sub-marine

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(ii) Describe how dredging is used in mining. (5mks)
 A dredger is floated on water to suck the water logged deposits.
 The dredger scoops water logged alluvium from the bed of the lake.
 The alluvium is passed over sloping channels with series of traps.
 Wastes are washed away and large materials are trapped.
 The solution is pumped to the factory for further processing.