Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

* 8 7 0 1 1 8 8 2 2 2 *

CO-ORDINATED SCIENCES 0654/43

Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2018
2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 32.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 28 printed pages and 4 blank pages.

DC (CE/SG) 149761/4
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1 Fig. 1.1 shows a photograph of cross-sections of an artery and a vein.

vein

artery

Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) Describe how the lumen of the artery differs from the lumen of the vein.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Explain why the wall of the artery is thicker than the wall of the vein.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) One structure found in veins is not shown in Fig. 1.1.

Name this structure and explain its function.

structure ............................................................................................................................

function ..............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(b) Fig. 1.2 shows information about three different people.

person A person B person C

• age 32 • age 65 • age 72
• below average weight • above average weight • very overweight
• plays football twice a week • works in an office • heavy smoker
• non-smoker • non-smoker • takes no exercise

Fig. 1.2

(i) Using information from Fig. 1.2, state which person is most at risk from developing
coronary heart disease.

Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State two other risk factors for coronary heart disease that are not shown in the
information in Fig. 1.2.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) Suggest two ways in which person B in Fig. 1.2 could reduce their risk of developing
coronary heart disease.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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2 (a) (i) Name the collection of metals in the Periodic Table that includes copper.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State two properties of copper that are not typical of the metals in Group I and Group II
in the Periodic Table.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) The formula of copper(II) chloride is CuCl2.

The formula of copper(I) chloride is CuCl.

Copper(II) chloride decomposes at a high temperature.

The balanced equation for this decomposition is shown below.

2CuCl2(s) 2CuCl (s) + Cl2(g)

(i) State and explain which substance shown in this equation is an element.

element .............................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Copper(I) chloride contains copper ions and chloride ions.

A chloride ion has the formula Cl –.

Deduce the formula of a copper ion in CuCl.

Explain your answer.

formula .............................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(c) Zinc displaces copper from copper sulfate.

The ionic equation for this reaction is shown below.

Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)

(i) State the meanings of the symbols (aq) and (s).

(aq) ....................................................................................................................................

(s) ......................................................................................................................................
[1]

(ii) Describe one observation during the reaction between zinc and copper sulfate.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Explain why this displacement reaction occurs.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iv) Use the information in the ionic equation to explain, in terms of electrons, which particle
is oxidised and which is reduced.

formula of particle which is oxidised .............................

formula of particle which is reduced .............................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows an astronaut driving a vehicle on the Moon.

Fig. 3.1

The vehicle and astronaut have a total mass of 300 kg.

On the Moon, the gravitational field strength is 1.6 N / kg.

(i) Calculate the total weight of the vehicle and astronaut on the Moon.

weight = ...................................................... N [1]

(ii) The vehicle accelerates. Calculate the acceleration if the force applied is 600 N.

State the formula you use, show your working and state the units of your answer.

formula

working

acceleration = ................................ units ................ [3]

(b) The astronaut remains in communication with Earth from the Moon using radio waves.

Radio waves have a frequency of 90.3 × 106 Hz and a wavelength of 3.32 m.

(i) Show that the average speed of the radio waves is 300 × 106 m / s.

State the formula you use and show your working.

formula

working

[2]
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(ii) The Moon is 400 000 km from Earth.

Calculate the time it takes for radio waves from the Moon to reach the Earth.

State the formula you use and show your working.

formula

working

time = ....................................................... s [2]

(iii) Place radio waves in the correct box in the incomplete electromagnetic spectrum in
Fig. 3.2.

ultraviolet visible light microwaves

Fig. 3.2
[1]

(iv) Explain why it would not be possible for the astronaut to communicate with Earth using
sound waves.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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4 Fig. 4.1 is a drawing of a leaf. The white section of the leaf contains no chlorophyll and so does
not photosynthesise.

green section

white section

Fig. 4.1

(a) (i) Explain why chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis.

Use the word energy in your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) State the balanced symbolic equation for photosynthesis.

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Mineral ions are needed for healthy plant growth.

Table 4.1 shows the function and the effect of deficiency of some mineral ions on plants.

Complete Table 4.1.

Table 4.1

mineral ion function effect of deficiency

yellowing of leaves

protein synthesis

[4]
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5 Lithium is a metal in Group I of the Periodic Table.

(a) A piece of lithium is added to a neutral, aqueous solution of full-range indicator (Universal
Indicator).

(i) State the final colour of the indicator that suggests that a solution of lithium hydroxide,
LiOH, forms.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) The reaction between lithium and water also produces hydrogen gas.

Construct the balanced symbolic equation for this reaction.

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Fig. 5.1 shows the apparatus used for the electrolysis of lithium chloride.

d.c. power
supply

− + molten electrolyte
containing lithium chloride

heat

Fig. 5.1

(i) Explain why electrolysis occurs only when the electrolyte is in the form of a liquid.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(ii) State and explain to which electrode, anode or cathode, lithium ions move during
electrolysis.

electrode ...........................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[1]

(iii) Describe, in terms of ions and electrons, how lithium atoms are formed during electrolysis.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows a car travelling at 5 m / s passing another car also travelling at 5 m / s. The
direction in which each car is travelling is shown by the arrows.

5m/s

5m/s

Fig. 6.1

Explain why the cars have the same speeds but not the same velocities.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) During a journey, a car travels 2000 m along a straight road in 120 s. The driving force of the
car’s engine is 12 000 N.

(i) Calculate the work done by the driving force.

State the formula you use and show your working.

formula

working

work done = ....................................................... J [2]

(ii) Calculate the useful power output from the car’s engine during this period.

State the formula you use and show your working.

formula

working

power = ..................................................... W [2]

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(c) Some puddles of water have formed on the road after rainfall.

State and explain, in terms of water molecules, how the rate of evaporation is affected by an
increase in water temperature.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

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7 Fig. 7.1 is a diagram of a growing baby (fetus) during pregnancy.

fetus

Fig. 7.1

(a) Draw a label line and the letter X to identify the placenta in Fig. 7.1. [1]

(b) The boxes on the left show some of the parts seen in Fig. 7.1.

The boxes on the right show the functions of these parts.

Draw four lines to link each part with its correct function.

part function

transports nutrients and waste

amniotic fluid
between fetus and mother

keeps fetus in place during

amniotic sac
pregnancy

cervix contains amniotic fluid

protects fetus from bumps and

umbilical cord
knocks

[3]

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(c) The placenta is a site of gas exchange. It shares many features with alveoli, the site of gas
exchange in the lungs.

Suggest two features that both the placenta and alveoli have to enable efficient gas exchange.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) Substances are transferred between the mother and fetus by diffusion at the placenta.

Table 7.1 shows some of the substances that pass between the mother and the fetus.

Place a tick (3) in the boxes to identify the direction of net movement of these substances.

Table 7.1

substance pass from mother to fetus pass from fetus to mother

amino acids
carbon dioxide
glucose
oxygen
urea
[2]

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8 (a) Brass is a mixture of copper and zinc.

(i) State the term used for a mixture of metals.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State one physical property, other than colour, that will be different in brass and copper.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Steel is a mixture containing iron.

Steel is galvanised by covering it with a thin layer of zinc.

Explain why galvanising protects steel from rusting even when the layer of zinc gets
damaged.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) A teacher adds 13.0 g of zinc to 0.4 dm3 of 0.2 mol / dm3 sulfuric acid, as shown in Fig. 8.1.

dilute
sulfuric acid

zinc

Fig. 8.1

The balanced equation for this reaction is shown below.

Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2

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Complete steps 1, 2 and 3 to deduce whether there is enough sulfuric acid to react with all of
the zinc.

Step 1
Calculate the number of moles of zinc contained in 13.0 g.
[Ar: Zn, 65]

number of moles = ...............................................................

Step 2
Calculate the number of moles of sulfuric acid contained in 0.4 dm3 of 0.2 mol / dm3 sulfuric
acid.

number of moles = ...............................................................

Step 3
Use the balanced equation and your answers to step 1 and step 2 to deduce whether there is
enough sulfuric acid to react with all of the zinc.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(c) Describe a chemical test and its result to show that an aqueous solution contains sulfate ions.

test ............................................................................................................................................

result .........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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28
9 (a) (i) An isotope of aluminium has a nuclide notation 13Al and decays by beta (β) emission to
produce an isotope of silicon.

Use the correct nuclide notation to write a symbol equation for this decay process.

28
13Al ................................. + ................................. [3]

(ii) State the meaning of the term isotope.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
28 28
(iii) The isotope 13Al has a half-life of 135 seconds. The decay of a 1 g sample of 13Al is
observed.
28
Calculate the time, in seconds, before there is only 0.125 g of 13Al remaining.

Show your working.

time = .......................................... seconds [2]

(b) The boiling point of aluminium is 2519 °C. When liquid aluminium boils, energy is required to
turn it into a gas. While it is boiling, the temperature of the aluminium remains the same.

Explain why the temperature of the aluminium remains the same while it is boiling.

Use the term latent heat of vaporisation in your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

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(c) (i) Complete the sentence below using the words or phrases from the list.

Each word or phrase may be used once, more than once or not at all.

decreases does not change increases

When a block of aluminium is heated, the mass of the block

................................................................... , the volume of the block

................................................................... and the density of the block

................................................................... . [2]

(ii) A student carries out an experiment to find the specific heat capacity of a 2 kg block of
aluminium.

She finds that 40 kJ of thermal energy is needed to raise the temperature of the block by
21 °C.

Calculate the specific heat capacity of aluminium.

State the formula you use and show your working.

formula

working

specific heat capacity = ............................................. J / kg °C [2]

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10 (a) Table 10.1 shows the number of chromosomes in the nuclei of body cells in different
organisms.

Table 10.1

organism number of chromosomes

chicken 78
hedgehog 90
mosquito 6
pineapple 50

(i) Use the information in Table 10.1 to state the number of chromosomes in each nucleus
of the pineapple cells resulting from cell division by mitosis.

...................................... [1]

(ii) Use the information in Table 10.1 to state the number of chromosomes in each nucleus
of the hedgehog cells resulting from cell division by meiosis.

...................................... [1]

(b) (i) Explain why meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State one advantage and one disadvantage of sexual reproduction.

advantage .........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

disadvantage .....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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11 (a) Table 11.1 shows the raw materials that are used to produce four useful substances.

Complete Table 11.1 by choosing useful substances from the list.

ammonia bromine calcium oxide chlorine

gasoline iron nylon sulfuric acid

Table 11.1

raw materials useful substance produced

hydrocarbons, air and steam

limestone

concentrated aqueous
sodium chloride

petroleum

[4]

(b) Petroleum is a mixture of alkanes.

Alkanes are changed into alkenes by cracking.

catalyst cracking
reaction vessel

mixture containing
alkanes
alkenes

Fig. 11.1

(i) The cracking reaction in Fig. 11.1 uses a catalyst.

State one other reaction condition used in the reaction vessel.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(ii) Suggest how bromine solution can be used to show that the process in Fig. 11.1 produces
alkenes.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(iii) Complete Fig. 11.2 to show how the outer-shell electrons are arranged in one molecule
of ethene.

H H

C C

H H

Fig. 11.2
[2]

(iv) Ethene is involved in several different addition reactions.

Identify two compounds that are produced in these reactions.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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12 (a) Fig. 12.1 shows a bicycle with a front lamp P and a rear lamp Q powered by the same 9.0 V
battery.

P
Q

Fig. 12.1

Fig. 12.2 is a circuit diagram to show how the lamps are connected.

9.0 V

Fig. 12.2

(i) Lamp P has a resistance of 12 Ω and lamp Q has a resistance of 6.0 Ω.

Calculate the combined resistance of the two lamps in this circuit.

Show your working.

resistance = ...................................................... Ω [2]

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(ii) Calculate the power consumption of lamp P when lit.

State any formulae you use and show all your working.

formulae

working

power = ..................................................... W [3]

(b) Fig. 12.3 shows the cyclist approaching a road junction. A car is waiting at the road junction.

plane mirror

cyclist

car driver

tall building

Fig. 12.3

A plane mirror that allows the car driver to see the cyclist is placed near the junction.

On Fig. 12.3, draw a ray diagram to show how the driver can see the cyclist in the mirror.
Label the angle of incidence, i, and the angle of reflection, r. [2]

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(c) A different bicycle has a generator to supply electricity for the bicycle lights. Fig. 12.4 shows
the generator.

small wheel which

touches the bicycle tyre

magnet

N S iron core

coil of wire

connections to lights

Fig. 12.4

A small wheel which touches the bicycle tyre turns the magnet inside the iron core.

The changing magnetic field induces an e.m.f. in the coil.

(i) State what the abbreviation e.m.f. stands for.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State one way in which the size of the induced e.m.f. can be increased.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(d) The generator is noisy and emits sound waves that pass through the air.

(i) The sound waves pass through the air as a series of compressions (C) and rarefactions
(R).

Fig. 12.5 shows the positions of the compressions and rarefactions as the sound wave
passes through the air.

C R C R C R C R

Fig. 12.5

On Fig. 12.5, mark one wavelength with a double headed arrow (↔). [1]

(ii) Suggest how the distance between two compressions changes if the frequency of the
sound wave decreases.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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13 A student investigates the response of a plant shoot to light.

The student shines light onto one side of the shoot for five days.

(a) Fig. 13.1 shows a diagram of the student’s observations.

light

A B
shoot at start of shoot after five days
investigation

Fig. 13.1

(i) State the name of the hormone that causes the response seen in Fig. 13.1.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Explain how the hormone in your answer to (a)(i) causes the shoot to bend towards the
light.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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(b) The student repeats the investigation with the shoot shown in Fig. 13.2.

tip removed

light

Fig. 13.2

Predict and explain the results observed after five days.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) (i) The response of a shoot to light is an example of sensitivity, one of the characteristics of
living organisms.

Use words from the list to define the term sensitivity.

Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.

atmosphere environment hormones proteins

soil responses water

Sensitivity is the ability to detect or sense changes in the .............................................

and to make ............................................. . [2]

(ii) Circle one other characteristic of all living organisms.

breathing eating growth

meiosis talking sleeping

[1]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2018 0654/43/M/J/18

 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII VIII

© UCLES 2018
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
32

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids

0654/43/M/J/18
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).