BATCH

FASE GAS SISTEMA DISCONTINUO LOTES

INTERMITENTE

& oeficiente de expansión molar riv =

dNi G =
A
at Fi C: P
Ya
=

E =
. S Rxn en R . L .

Fio = Cio Qu

riv
No t
-
=

=
Para C:
multiples
·
reacciones

()()() V Vo Ni Nic (1 x)
=
= -

v =

E
-
r :
=

Co Fi = Fio (1 -

x)

Cuando no hay flujo V = Vo

GAS IDEAL
Ci
ri
Vo(1
V
Ex)]
=
=
+
dt PV =
NRT

CONTINUO
T To
Vo(1
=

V =
+ Ex) CSTR
AGITADO
p =
Po
MEZCLA COMPLETA Tiempo espacial

=
Fio Fi T
Cuando hay flujo & * &
Fio -

Fi + riv = 0

Q Po(1 +

Ex)()))
=

Fio-Fi
V =
V = Fiox Cir X
-
Vi
>
-
z =

ri -
Vi

Q = Po(1 +
Ex)T Qu =
Q

Sistema continuo con reacciones múltiples V = PolCio-Ci) >

- =Cio-Ci
-

ri -
ri

P Q
()()(P)
=
·

CONTINUO
PFR TUBULAR
TIPO TAPON

REACTORES EN SERIE Av
Fio ( 2 Fi
& &

CSTR
Lv

Un Fao(Xn Xn 1)
= dV
=

Fiod
-

-
ri =

rAn -

ri

PFR Cir dx
z =

-
ri

ver
Fol * Xn - 1
MéTODO GRÁFICO DE LEVENSPIEL

·
CSTR ·
PFR
Fac Fan

FEs Visir =
Far (x) v PFr
=
Fac
& - dy
-

VA
↑ A

Área del
rectángulo Área bajo la curva

E cuación Arrhenius Unidades

de -

Fa &
&
V Fao
n 1
Ea M
-

-
-

k : [ =
] L
RT
k
1
S
-

mol -

Ae
=

E
mol
r : [ =
] Ls
Ki
=
e
Kz 1 dm" =
1L
Conversión
Ima =
1000 L
Xi = Gio- Ci
kc =

4 Cio In =
3600s
 ·
Fase (p = po)
BALANCES DE ENERGÍA gas
Ni Ni
Ci
ISOTÉRMICOS
=
=

REACTORES NO v
Voll +
EX)

·
Reacción exotérmica reversible
CSTR
AB Atrano
X Equilibrio
Adiabático
·

2
adiabático

EFiCpi (To -
T) + riv (DHrx) =
0
k
= = -x)
&

·
ACp = 0
Xe
Con
·

intercambio de calor >

-
0

Xc
K C pa
AT Q
=

+ *
= =

EFiCp : (To -T) + viV(AMrxn) = 0

B .
E .

1 + K Atran
T
·
pérdidas de
energía
(reactor enchaquetado)

d =
uA(Ta -
T) CSTR Q =
Q

Reacción de 12 orden fase líquida .

Por lotes
·

12 reactor ·
2 do re a c to r

BATCH
Intermitente
CAo CAo
Discontinuo
Cal = CAz =

z , k + 1 (2 , k + 1)(22k + 1)
Adiabático
·

=
V2
riv (AHrxn) =
ENiCpidT z ,
Tz =

Do
dt

Cau

PFR
Can =

(2k + 1)
X : =

20 CAi-

Adiabático
·

ZFiCp : dT + ri (DHrxn)dV =
0

Entalpía de reacción

DHrxn(T) =

I To
A (p dT + DHrxn(To)

Constante de rapidez

k = k , -

Constante de
equilibrio

-Shen -F
kc =
kc , e
 REACTORES CON CATALISIS HETEROGENEA

METEROGÉNEO
-ri-rimit -
mol
HOMOGENEO
Acat .
t

Fiod
PFR/PBM Fiodx
dV = dw =

- ri LHHW

K Fuerza motriz
CSTR Fio X Fio X -
rá =

n número de sitios
V = W = :

ri
(1 + Resistencias (n
ri
-
-

LOTES dNi ri'w dNi

riV =
=

dt dt

w del catalizador
w =
2bv =
2c(1 -
d)v masa

2b densidad del lecho

2 densidad del catalizador

·
eb = (x)1 -
0)
V volumen del lecho
·
v =
At .

L & porosidad

(espacio entre cada particula

ECUACIÓN DE ERGUN

⑳ 15011 d)M
-
1 -

75G
-

+ 1 .

29 Dp3 . Dp
-
densidad de la mezcla

~-
Flujo Flujo
·
e . Qu =
e Q turbulento
laminar

REACTOR
10
MULTITUBOS
·
e =

ex
Drubo
10 <20

G(1 EX) 150(1 d)M Dpartícula

⑳

-e
+ 1 -

75G
-

+ 1 .

3
& Da
gab -

G(1 b) 15041 -

p)M
B + 75G
-

= 1 .

209cDp3 Dp
-

= - (G ev
=
=

API
Para todos los casos : Si To = T E = c
y

E
+ -
a = 2ß
Si To = T
ebAt Po

+E y
= =
(1 -

aw) E

To
=

=
0

T
 L
LONGITUD
TABLA DE UNIDADES
1 mJ = 219.959 oal Brit Onza = 6.25 x 10.' Ib
2
1 J = 0.2389 cal

1 cm = 0.39370 in 1 m3 = 264172t5 gal US Quilate = .2 g 1 J = 2.778 x 10.~KW * hr

1 cm = 0.03281 R 1 rn3=1000~ Grano = 0.0648 g 1~=9.9x10"L*atm
1 cm = 1.09361 d 1 R3 = 28316.84 cm3 1 J = 6.2415 x 10" MeV
Y
1 yd = 9144x10 m FUERZA 1J=W's
1 m = 39.3700 in Dina = 2.248 x 705 I@ 1 KJ = 1000 J
1 m = 3.28084 R Dina = 1 x N Ft'l@= 1.285 x 10" Btu
1 km = 0.62137 mi Dina = 7.233 x lo5pdl Ft*lbt=1.356J
1 km = 1000 m 1 ft3 = 28.31684 L Dina = 1.020 x Ft 'lbt = 0.3239 cal
1 mm = 0.03937 in 1 R3 = 7.4813gal US Dina = 1.020 x lo5 Kgt 1 MeV= 1 x 106eV
1 in = 0.025400 m IL=IXIO m3 N = 1 x lo5 Dina 1 L*bar=lOOJ
1 in = 2.5400 cm 1 L = 3.531 x 1 0 R3 ~ ~ N = 0.2248 lbt 1 L ' atm = 24.23 cal
1 in = 25.400 mm 1 L = 61.02374 in3 N = 7.233 dl 1 ft3 atm = 2.7195 Btu
1 R=03048m 1 L = 0.2642 gal US KW'hr=3.6~10~~
1 R = 30.4800 cm 1 L = 1000 ml KW*hr=860Kcal
1 R = 12.000 in 1 ~ =dm3 l 1 lb = 4.448 i l o 5 Dina K W * hr = 3.414 Btu
Furlong = 201.17 m 1 L = 1000cm3 1 1-a = 4.448 N Wes=lJ
Legua nau = 48.88 cm 1 gal US = 3.78541 L 1 Ibt=3217pdl
Milla nau = 1852.00 m 1 gal US = 0.1337 R3 1 lbt = 453.6 gr PRESION
Milla nau = 1.852 km 1 gal US = 2.31 x 10' in3 1 I& = 0.4536 Kqt atm = 1.013 x 1 0 ~ D i n a l c m ~
1 milla = 1609.3440 m 1 gal US = 3.785 x lo3 m3 pdl = 1.383 x 10 Dina atm = 406.8 in Hz0
1 milla = 1.6093440 km 1 gal Bfii = 4.54609 L pdl = 0.1383 N atm = 760 mm Hg
1 micra = 1 x 1 0 ~
m 1 in3 = 5.787 x l o 4 R3 pdl = 3.108 x 10.' lbt atm = 760 ton
Amstrong = 1x10.'~cm 1 in3 = 4.239 x lo3 gal US pdl = 14.10 gt atm = 1.013 bar
Amstrong = 1 x 1 0 ~m
'~ 1 in3 = 1.639 x 10.' L pdl = 1 . 4 1 0 ~10.~K~~ atm = 76 cm Hg
1 in3 = 1.639 x 10.' m3 Kgt = 9.807 x lo5 Dina atm= 1 . 0 1 3 x 1 0 5 ~ l m 2
AREA 1 BaUS=119.237L Kg, = 9.807 N atm = 14.70 lbt Iln2
1 m2 = 10000 cm2 1 BaBrft=164L Kgt = 2.205 1bt ah=21161bt If?
1 m2= 1.1959yd2 1 Ba pet = 42 gal US Kg, = 70.93 pdl atm = 14.696 psi
1 m2 = 10.76391ft2 1 Ba pet = 158.987 L Kgr = 1000 gr atm = 101325 Pa
1 m2 = 1550 in2 1 peck = 8.809 L atm = 101.325 KPa
1 m2 = 1 x 10'mm2 Quart = 0.9463 L ENERG~A bar = 0.9869 atm
Pinta US = 0.4731 L Btu=1.055~10'~er~ bar = 100 KPa
Onza fluido = 29.55 ml Btu = 778.1693 ft'lbt bar = 1.415 x loJ psia
Btu = 3.929 x lo4 Hp hr bar=lx10~~1m~
TIEMPO Btu=IO%J in H i 0 = 2.458 x atm
1 a60 = 365.2422 dias Btu = 252 cal Dina 1 cm2 = 9.869 x 10.' atm
1km2=1x1~6m2 1 aiio = 31.556 x 10' seg Btu = 2.930 x 104KW' hr Ibt Iin2= 6.805 x 10.~atm
1 km2= 247.1049 acres 1 dia =24 h Btu = 6.585 x lo2' eV I@ Iin2 = 0.87 Kgt
1 mi2= 2.5899 km2 1 dla = 86400 seg Btu = 6.585 x l o f 5MeV
Ha = 0.01 km2 1 hora = 3600 seg Btu = 1.174 x 10.'~K 5 POTENCIA
1 fl' = 0.093 m2 1 Hz = 1 s-' Btu = 7.074 x 10" uma KW = 1.341 Hp
1 R2 = 144 in2 erg = 9.481 x 10.'' Btu KW=lOOOW
1 R2= 0.11 yd2 MASA erg = 97.376 x 10' R * lbt KW = 0.9478 Btu 1 s
1 ft2= 923 03 cm2 erg = 3.725 x 10.'~ Hp hr KW = 737.6 R * lb, 1s
1 yd2 = 9.000 f? era = IX J W=l Jls
1 yd2 = 1296 in2 1 ~g = 0.0197 quintal (cwt) erg = 2.389 x loa cal W=0.7376R*lbtls
1 yd7= 0.836 m2 1 Kg = 0.001 ton era = 2.778 x 10"' K W * hr W=O.l02Kgt ' m l s
1 yd2 = 8361.21 cm2 1 Kg = 0.06852 slug c i = 3.968 x loJ Btu W = 0.2389 cal Is
1 lb = 16 onza cal = 4.186 x lo7erg Hp = 0.7457 KW
VOLUMEN 1 lb = 0.45359 Kg cal = 3.087 R * 1% Hp = 745.7 W
1 cm3= 0.06182 in3 1 lb = 453.59 g c a l = 1 . 5 5 9 ~ 1 0 Hp'hr Hp=550R'I@ls
1 cm3= 3.531 x 10.~R3 1 lb = 0.0089 quintal (cwt) cal = 4.186 J Hp=76.MKgt'mls
IC ~ ~ = I X I O ~ ~ ~ 1 ib = 4.54 x 10.~ton cal= 1 . 1 6 3 ~108KW'hr Hp~m = 746.043 W
1 cm3 = 1.308 x 10~\d3 1 lb = 7 x lo3 granos cal=4.129~10~~L~atm H~
M
,,. = 9809.50 W
Icm3=1m~ 1 ton = 1000 Kg 1 Kcal = 1000 cal 1 cv=75Kgt ' m l s
1 m3= 35.31 R3 1 ton = 2204.4 lb IJ=lN'm R'IbtIs = 1.356W
1 m3 = 61024 in3 1 ton = 19.684 quintal 1 J = 9.481 x lo' Btu R*lbtls=0.138Kgt ' m l s
1 m3 = 1 x 108cm3 1 ton coda = 907.1874 Kg 1 J = 1x l o 7 erg ft*l&1s=1.82x10"~~
1 m3 = 1000 cm3 1 ton Brit = 10160459 Kg 1 J=0.7376ft*lbt Kg, ' m I s = 9 . 8 0 6 W
1 m3 = 1.308 yd3 Onza = 28.34952 g 1 J = 3.725 x 1u7 Hp 'hr Kgt 'mIs=7.233R'IbtIs
1 bosie=o,l ~ g / m * s
1 posie=242lb/ft's
1 cp = 0.01 poise
1 cp =6.72x iblft
1 c p = 1 XIO.~P~'s
1 Kg/m's=lOpoise
1 lb/ft's=l.486Kg/m*s
1C S = ~ ~ I O ~ ~ ~ ~ I S

TEMPERATURA
'C = ("F - 3 2 ) l l . E
"C = "K-273.15
'C = (519) ("R - 492)
"K = "C + 273.15
"K = ((OF -32) 11.8) + 273
CONSTANTE DE LOS GASES
"R=460+"F
"R = 18("K-273.15)+492
"R = (1.VC) + 492
"F = ( l . V C ) + 32

EQUIVALENCIAS DE
TEMPERATURA
1 "C = 1.8 "F
1 "C = 1 "K
1 "C = 1.8 "R
1 "F = 0.5 "C
1 "F=o5"K
1"F=l0R
1 "K = 1.8 "F
1 "K=1.8"R
1 "K = 0.5 "C

CONSTANTE DE LOS GASES

R = 1.987 cal I(gd)(K)
R = 1.987 Btu 1(lb,,,)("R)
R = 10.73 (psia)(R3)1 (lb,,i)("~)
R = 1545 (R)( Ibf)1Qb,d)("R)
2
R = 8.314 (KPa)(m 1(Kgm,)(K)
R = 8314 (KPa)(cm ) 1(Kg,d)(K)
R = 8.314 J I(g,,l)(K)
R = 82.06 (atm)(cm) 1(gm0,)(K)
R = 62356 (torr)(cm ) 1(ama)(K)
R = 008206 (atmJ(L) I(g,[)(K)
R = 21.9 (inHg)(R ) I (Lbmo~)("R)
R = 07302 (atm)(ft3)l(~b,,)("~)
R = 83.14 (bar)(cm3)/(g,a)(~)
R = 62.31 (mmHg)(L)/(g,d)(K)
E
Y

#
D

i
W
&

-
U

E
E

·
I