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These comprehensive notes cover the fundamentals of algebra, including definitions of variables, constants, expressions, and equations. Key topics include basic operations, solving equations and inequalities, factoring, algebraic fractions, systems of equations, and quadratic equations. The notes emphasize practice and application to improve understanding and problem-solving skills.

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19 views10 pages

Sure

These comprehensive notes cover the fundamentals of algebra, including definitions of variables, constants, expressions, and equations. Key topics include basic operations, solving equations and inequalities, factoring, algebraic fractions, systems of equations, and quadratic equations. The notes emphasize practice and application to improve understanding and problem-solving skills.

Uploaded by

6codmridul2011
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sure, here are some comprehensive

notes for Algebra:

# Algebra Basics

## 1. Introduction to Algebra

### 1.1 Definition


Algebra is a branch of mathematics
that deals with mathematical symbols
and the rules for manipulating these
symbols.

### 1.2 Variables and Constants


- **Variables:** Represented by
letters (e.g., \(x\), \(y\)). They can take
different values.
- **Constants:** Fixed values (e.g., \
(2\), \(5\)).

### 1.3 Expressions and Equations


- **Expression:** A combination of
variables, constants, and operations
(e.g., \(3x + 5\)).
- **Equation:** A mathematical
statement that asserts the equality of
two expressions (e.g., \(2y = 8\)).

## 2. Basic Operations

### 2.1 Addition and Subtraction


- Combine like terms by adding or
subtracting coefficients.
- \(3x + 2x = 5x\)
- \(2y - 7y = -5y\)
### 2.2 Multiplication and Division
- Distributive property: \(a(b + c) = ab
+ ac\).
- Combine like terms by multiplying or
dividing coefficients.
- \(4x \times 3 = 12x\)
- \(\frac{6y}{2} = 3y\)

## 3. Solving Equations

### 3.1 One-Step Equations


- Use inverse operations to isolate the
variable.
- \(2x + 3 = 7\)
- Subtract \(3\) from both sides: \(2x
= 4\)
- Divide by \(2\): \(x = 2\)

### 3.2 Two-Step Equations


- Apply inverse operations step by step.
- \(4y - 5 = 11\)
- Add \(5\) to both sides: \(4y = 16\)
- Divide by \(4\): \(y = 4\)

### 3.3 Multi-Step Equations


- Solve progressively with inverse
operations.
- \(2(a - 3) + 4 = 10\)
- Distribute: \(2a - 6 + 4 = 10\)
- Combine like terms: \(2a - 2 = 10\)
- Add \(2\) to both sides: \(2a = 12\)
- Divide by \(2\): \(a = 6\)
## 4. Inequalities

### 4.1 Solving Inequalities


- Solve like equations but note the
direction of the inequality sign.
- \(3x + 2 > 8\)
- Subtract \(2\) from both sides: \(3x
> 6\)
- Divide by \(3\): \(x > 2\)

### 4.2 Compound Inequalities


- Combine multiple inequalities using
"and" or "or."
- \(2 < 3x + 1 \leq 7\)
- Subtract \(1\): \(1 < 3x \leq 6\)
- Divide by \(3\): \(\frac{1}{3} < x \
leq 2\)
# Algebraic Expressions

## 5. Factoring

### 5.1 Greatest Common Factor


(GCF)
- Identify and factor out the GCF.
- \(6x^2 + 9x = 3x(2x + 3)\)

### 5.2 Difference of Squares


- \(a^2 - b^2 = (a + b)(a - b)\).

### 5.3 Factoring Quadratic


Expressions
- Factor trinomials of the form \(ax^2
+ bx + c\) using the AC method.
## 6. Algebraic Fractions

### 6.1 Simplifying


- Factor and cancel common factors.
- \(\frac{4x^2}{8x} = \frac{x}{2}\)

### 6.2 Adding and Subtracting


- Find a common denominator and
combine terms.
- \(\frac{a}{b} + \frac{c}{b} = \frac{a
+ c}{b}\)

# Systems of Equations

## 7. Linear Systems
### 7.1 Solving by Substitution
- Solve one equation for a variable and
substitute into the other.
- \(2x + y = 10\)
- \(3x - y = 6\)

### 7.2 Solving by Elimination


- Add or subtract equations to
eliminate a variable.
- \(3x + 2y = 12\)
- \(2x - 3y = -5\)

## 8. Quadratic Equations

### 8.1 Standard Form


- Quadratic equation in standard
form: \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\).
### 8.2 Factoring
- Factor or use the quadratic formula.
- \(x^2 + 5x + 6 = 0\)

### 8.3 Completing the Square


- Convert to perfect square trinomial
form.
- \(x^2 + 4x + 3 = 0\)

### 8.4 Quadratic Formula


- \(x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}
{2a}\)

These notes cover a wide range of


algebraic concepts. Practice and
application of these principles will
enhance your understanding and
problem-solving skills.

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