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Unit 6 How To Analyze Your Data

Unit Six discusses the process of data analysis in research, emphasizing the importance of both descriptive and inferential statistics. It outlines key statistical concepts, including measures of central tendency and dispersion, and highlights various statistical methods used for analyzing survey data. The unit also mentions the role of analytical software in summarizing and interpreting data to answer research questions.

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19 views6 pages

Unit 6 How To Analyze Your Data

Unit Six discusses the process of data analysis in research, emphasizing the importance of both descriptive and inferential statistics. It outlines key statistical concepts, including measures of central tendency and dispersion, and highlights various statistical methods used for analyzing survey data. The unit also mentions the role of analytical software in summarizing and interpreting data to answer research questions.

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leenmoawad
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit Six

How to Analyze Your Data?


Pre-Mind storming:
After researchers collect data from the research sample, what should
they do to reach an answer to the research question?
If the research method is quantitative, the researcher needs to limit
quantitative analysis methods, the following are some statistical
concepts used in it:

Definition of Statistics:
It is the science of data that relies on a systematic approach to the
collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data in a way
that facilitates its processing to reach conclusions and produce statistical
inferences (Osman, 1999).

Statistics is divided into two categories (Ghoul, 2005; Al-Munhil, 2006):


Descriptive Statistics: .1
Focuses on statistical data of a certain community to work on
organizing the data to understand it better, which contributes to data
analysis. Descriptive statistics involve operations such as calculating the
mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and percentage.

Inferential Statistics: .2
Sometimes referred to as inductive statistics or analytical statistics, it
focuses on making inferences about a specific community's
characteristics through analyzing data from a representative sample of
that community.

Question: What distinguishes descriptive statistics from inferential


statistics?
Answer: Descriptive statistics rely on data that accurately represents the
population as a whole, while inferential statistics rely on data from a
representative sample of the population to infer general characteristics
of the entire population.

Measures of Central Tendency:


These are statistical measures that summarize data around a central
point, making it easier to understand the data. The measures include
mean, median, and mode.

Mean:
It is the arithmetic average of the data in a specific set, calculated by
adding up all the data points and dividing them by the number of
observations, typically used for continuous data.

Median:
It is the middle value of a sorted dataset, with half of the values above
and half below it, often used for skewed distributions.

Mode:
It is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset.

Measures of Dispersion:
These are measures that indicate the spread or variability of values in a
dataset, essential for understanding the distribution of data.

Range:
It is the difference between the highest and lowest values in a
distribution.
Standard Deviation:
It is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of
values, calculated as the square root of the variance.

Variance:
It is the average of the squared differences from the mean, indicating
the spread of data points from the mean.

Correlation Coefficient:
It is a statistical measure used to represent the strength and direction of
a linear relationship between two variables, with values ranging from -1
to +1.

Data Representation:
When collecting data about certain phenomena in a community, it's
essential to represent this data in a way that facilitates understanding
and processing for analysis. Various statistical methods and tools,
including software like SPSS, are used for data analysis to derive
meaningful insights or answer research questions.

After researchers collect data from the research sample using reliable
measurement tools, they mostly obtain a dataset containing numerous
variables, as seen in the following example.
Extracting useful results from these numbers requires conducting
statistical analyses using computer programs specialized in statistical
analysis. The purpose of these analyses is either to summarize the
numerous data into concise results that can be understood and
communicated to interested parties or to derive answers to the research
question at hand. Researchers also summarize the research findings
using tables and graphs, as shown in the figure below.
The possible statistical analyses that can be conducted in scientific
research vary according to the diversity of the research and the variables
being measured. In this material, we will suffice with presenting a model
of a statistical analysis section from a scientific study to familiarize you
with some of its components. It is worth noting that qualitative studies
do not produce numerical results in this form and require special data
analysis procedures, which we are not discussing here.

Job:
One of the main functions of statistical analysis is to make sense of the
collected data, utilizing measures of central tendency and dispersion to
achieve this goal. One example of each measure can be researched and
explained.

Find an analytical software program specialized in statistical analysis.

Provide an example of a statistical analyzer used for:


- Assessing correlation between variables.
- Analyzing differences between two groups.
- Analyzing differences among multiple groups.

Statistical Methods Used:


To analyze survey data, various statistical methods are employed,
including:
1. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test: To determine if data follows a normal
distribution.
2. Cronbach's Alpha: To assess the internal consistency of measures used
in the survey.
3. Measures of central tendency: Such as mean, median, and mode.
4. Measures of dispersion: Including standard deviation, variance, and
range.
5. Correlation coefficients: Such as Pearson and Spearman.
6. t-test for one sample: To determine if the sample mean differs
significantly from a known value.
7. Independent t-test: To compare means of two independent groups.
8. One-way ANOVA: To compare means across multiple groups, such as
by educational qualification or years of service.

Professor Dr. Ferial Abu Awad


Instructor Dr. Ali Qasim AlabedAlhalim

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