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Chem2 Q4-AcidsBases

The document provides an overview of acids and bases, including their definitions, properties, and examples. It discusses the acid-base properties of water, the calculation of pH and pOH, and the use of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for buffer solutions. Additionally, it includes group activities, guide questions, and sample problems to reinforce understanding of the concepts.

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FAIZA A PASCUAL
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5 views28 pages

Chem2 Q4-AcidsBases

The document provides an overview of acids and bases, including their definitions, properties, and examples. It discusses the acid-base properties of water, the calculation of pH and pOH, and the use of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for buffer solutions. Additionally, it includes group activities, guide questions, and sample problems to reinforce understanding of the concepts.

Uploaded by

FAIZA A PASCUAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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General

Chemistry 2
SHIELA JOY T. JURALBAL
What is Acid?

• Any substance that in water solution tastes


sour, reacts with some metals (e.g., iron) to
liberate hydrogen, reacts with bases to form
salts, and promotes certain chemical reactions
(acid catalysis).

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What is Base?

• In chemistry, any substance that in water


solution is slippery to the touch, reacts with
acids to form salts, and promotes certain
chemical reactions (base catalysis).

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Group Activity: What is Acid? What is Base?

Each group will list down 5 examples of


acidic substances and 5 examples of basic
substances at home. Create also a Venn
Diagram on the similarities and differences of
acids and bases.

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Venn Diagram Rubric

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Guide Questions:

1. From the examples that you have think of,


what is your basis that the substance is acidic
or basic? Explain your answers.
2. Why is it important to know whether a
substance is acidic or basic?

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Acids and Bases
Quarter 4 Week 4
Objectives:

• Compare acids and bases.


• Discuss the acid-base property of water.
• Calculate pH from the concentration of hydrogen
ion or hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions.
• Describe how a buffer solution maintains its pH.
• Calculate the pH of a buffer solution using the
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
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BRONSTED ACID AND BASES

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PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND BASES
Properties Acids Bases
Taste Sour Bitter
Conductivity Are electrolytes Are electrolytes
Reaction with
indicators
A. Litmus paper Blue litmus paper turn Blue litmus paper
red. remains blue.
Red litmus paper remains Red litmus paper turn
red. blue.
B. Methyl orange Turns orange Turns yellow
C. Phenolphthalein Remains colorless Turns reddish pink
D. Bromothymol blue Turns yellow “QualityTurns
is our mandate”
blue
ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF WATER

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In pure water, the concentration of H+ and OH− ions are H+ = 1.0 x 10−7 M and
OH− = 1.0 x 10−7 . Thus,
𝐊 𝐰 = 𝐇+ 𝐎𝐇− = 𝟏. 𝟎 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 𝐌 𝟏. 𝟎 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 𝐌 = 𝟏. 𝟎 𝐱 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟒 𝐌𝟐
With the use of this equation, the concentration of H+ can be computed as:
−𝟏𝟒 𝟐
+
𝟏. 𝟎 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝐌
𝐇 =
[𝐎𝐇−]
−
While OH can be computed as:
−𝟏𝟒 𝟐
𝟏. 𝟎 𝐱 𝟏𝟎 𝐌
−
𝐎𝐇 =
[𝐇+]
+ − + −
Note: In an acidic solution, 𝐇 > [𝐎𝐇 ], whereas in a basic solution 𝐇 < [𝐎𝐇 ].
ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF WATER
Acidic or Basic?
Complete the table. Calculate the concentration of 𝐎𝐇− and classify whether each
mixture is acidic or basic.

Mixture 𝐇 + 𝐨𝐫 𝐇𝟑 𝐎+ 𝐎𝐇 − Classification
Grapefruit juice 2.10 x 10−3 M
Soft Drink 2.50 x 10−3 M
Milk 2.50 x 10−7 M
Salad dressing 2.65 x 10−3 M
Soybean curd or 6.56 x 10−6 M
tofu “Quality is our mandate”
Soda 3.10 x 10−3 M
pH – Power of Hydrogen

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pH – Power of Hydrogen

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The pH of the solution is defined as the negative logarithm of
the hydrogen ion concentration:

+
To determine the concentration of 𝐇 , the formula
would be:
For the bases, instead of pH, pOH is used. pOH is defined as the
negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration

−
To determine the concentration of 𝐎𝐇 , the formula would
be:

As for the relationship between pH and pOH we have:


pH – POWER OF HYDROGEN
Sample Problem

+
A hydrogen ion concentration H has a concentration value equal to
−9 −
4.57 x 10 M. Find its OH ,pH, and pOH, then identify its classification if it is a
neutral, acidic, or basic solution.

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pH – POWER OF HYDROGEN
Activity: Complete the table.
No. 𝐇+ 𝐎𝐇 − 𝐩𝐇 𝐩𝐎𝐇 Classification
(Acidic, Basic, Neutral)

−7
1 1 x 10
2 3.5
−5
3 2.7 x 10
4 7.9
−9 “Quality is our mandate”
5 3.8 x 10
BUFFER SOLUTION

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To calculate the pH of a buffer solution or to
determine the change in pH upon adding a strong acid
or strong base, the Henderson-Hasselbach equation can
be used.
For weak acid and its conjugate, the equation is as follows:
[𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞]
𝐩𝐇 = 𝐩𝐊𝐚 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠
[𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐝]

Where: 𝐩𝐊𝐚 = − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐊𝐚 ; 𝐊 𝐚 = 𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐝 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭


For weak base and its conjugate base, the equation is as follows:
[𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐝]
𝐩𝐎𝐇 = 𝐩𝐊𝐛 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠
[𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞]

𝐩𝐎𝐇 = 𝟏𝟒 − 𝐩𝐇

Where: 𝐩𝐊𝐛 = −𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐊𝐛 ; 𝐊𝐛 = 𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭


BUFFER SOLUTION
Sample Problem #1

What is the pH of the buffer solution


that contains 1.00 M of HC2 H3 O2 and
0.80 M KC2 H3 O2 ? Given that the acid
dissociation constant of HC2 H3 O2 =
−5
1.8 x 10 .
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BUFFER SOLUTION
Sample Problem #2

Calculate the pH and pOH of a buffer


formed by dissolving 0.350 mol of
HC2 H3 O2 and 0.550 mol of KC2 H3 O2 in
a 0.950 L solution. K a of HC2 H3 O2 is
−5
equal to 1.8 x 10 .
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BUFFER SOLUTION
Sample Problem #3

What is the pH of the buffer solution that


contains 3.00 M of NH3 and 2.88 M NH4 Cl?
Given that the base dissociation constant of
−5
NH3 = 1.8 x 10 . The buffer is made up of
NH3 (weak base) and NH4 Cl? (conjugate
acid).
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BUFFER SOLUTION
SEATWORK
1.Calculate the pOH of a buffer formed by dissolving 0.730 mol of
HC2 H3 O2 and 0.940 mol of KC2 H3 O2 in a 3.90 L solution. K a of
HC2 H3 O2 is equal to 1.8 x 10−5 .
2.Calculate the pH of a buffer made up of 0.544M of CH3 NH2 and
0.678 M of CH3 NH3 + Cl− . The K b of CH3 NH2 = 1.8 x 10−5 . The
+ −
buffer is made up of CH3 NH2 (weak base) and CH3 NH3 Cl
(conjugate acid).
3.What will be the new pH of 750 mL buffer solution that contains
350 g 𝑁𝐻3 and 288 g 𝑁𝐻4 𝐶𝑙? The base dissociation constant of
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𝑁𝐻3 = 1.8𝑥10 .−5
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Thank you and have
a nice day!
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