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Nervous System D1

The document outlines the learning outcomes for a course on the nervous system, including the ability to describe its structures, functions, and the conduction of nerve impulses. It details the central and peripheral nervous systems, their divisions, and the roles of sensory receptors, integrative functions, and motor functions. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of the nervous system in maintaining homeostasis and regulating bodily functions.

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lena
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19 views107 pages

Nervous System D1

The document outlines the learning outcomes for a course on the nervous system, including the ability to describe its structures, functions, and the conduction of nerve impulses. It details the central and peripheral nervous systems, their divisions, and the roles of sensory receptors, integrative functions, and motor functions. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of the nervous system in maintaining homeostasis and regulating bodily functions.

Uploaded by

lena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learning Outcomes

At the end of lectures, the learners shall:


• Describe the structures of the nervous system
• Describe some of the functions of each of these
structures
• Describe conduction of nerve impulses
• List the functions of the neuroglial cells
• Identify the function of different areas of the brain
• Understand the structure and function of the spinal
cord
• Differentiate between the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems
INTRODUCTION
• Major communicating and control system within the
body.
• Works together with endocrine system to control
many body functions.
• Characteristic of nervous action:
• Rapid
• Short acting
• Together with endocrine → maintain homeostasis
• Interacts with all of the systems of the body.
Structures of the Nervous System
• Brain
• Cranial nerves
• Spinal Cord
• Spinal nerves
• Ganglia
• Enteric Plexus
• Sensory receptors
Structural Divisions of the Nervous System
• Central Nervous System (CNS)
– Brain and Spinal Cord

• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)


– All nervous tissue outside of the CNS
– Cranial Nerves, Spinal Nerves, Ganglia, Enteric Plexus
and sensory receptors
• Nerve that emerge directly from
the brain
• 12 pairs

• Nerve that emerge from spinal


cord
• 31 pairs

• Helps regulate
activity of smooth
muscle and glands
in GI tract.
• Able to function
independently
without CNS
• Communicate and
regulated by the
other branches of
ANS
Functional Divisions of the Nervous System

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM


Brain and spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system


Peripheral nervous system Motor (efferent) impulses
Sensory (afferent) impulses

Autonomic Somatic nervous


nervous system system (voluntary)
(involuntary)

Sympathetic Parasympathetic
division division
Functional & Structural Divisions of the Nervous System
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: brain and spinal cord

Enteric
Somatic Autonomic Enteric
motor
motor motor neurons sensory
neurons
Somatic and neurons Autonomic (involuntary) receptors
(involuntary)
special (voluntary) sensory sympathetic and and enteric
in enteric
sensory receptors parasympathetic sensory
plexuses
receptors and division neurons in
and somatic autonomic GI tract
sensory Skeletal sensory
neurons muscle neurons
Smooth muscle, glands and
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and endocrine cells of GI tract
glands
Somatic nervous system Enteric nervous system
(SNS) Autonomic nervous system (ANS) (ENS)
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: all nervous tissues outside of the CNS
•
• Sensory receptors detects changes inside and
outside the body.

• From external environment:


– Monitor temperature, light and sound*.

• From internal environment:


– Detect variations in pressure, pH, carbon dioxide
concentration and electrolytes.

*These information is called sensory input.


B. Integrative functions:

. Sensory input is converted into nerve impulses


and transmitted to the brain

. Impulse create sensations:


-to produce thoughts
-to add to memory

. Decisions made in every moment is based on the


sensory input. This is called “integration”.
.

C. Motor functions:

. Nervous system responds by sending signal:


-to muscles: causing them to contract.
-to glands: causing them to release secretions.

. Muscles and glands are called “effectors” because


they cause an effect in response to directions
from the nervous system.
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Neurotransmitter will be deactivated by an enzymes
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Meninges
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Cerebrum
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1. What is the name of the structure that connects the
right hemisphere with the left hemisphere?
Thank you☺

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