Chuyên đề 5: CÁC TỪ LOẠI

A. LÝ THUYẾT
I. DANH TỪ (Nouns):
1. Vị trí:
Vị trí Examples
Sau tính từ (adj + N) She is a good teacher.
Sau: - các mạo từ a/ an/ the This is a book.
- từ chỉ định this, that, these, those, every,… These flowers are beautiful.
- từ chỉ số lượng: few, little, some, any, much, many,… Many students are coming.
- tính từ sở hữu: my, your, her, his… His father works in hospital.
Sau ngoại động từ (cần O) She buys books.
Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with… Thanh is good at literature.
Trước V chia thì (N làm chủ ngữ) Maths is the subject I like best.
Sau enough (enough + N) He didn’t have enough money to
buy that car.

2. Cách Endings
nhận biết danh từ theo đuôi: Examples
-ER teacher, manager, driver,…
-OR actor, director,…
-ANT attendant, assistant, …
-EE employee, refugee, interviewee,……
-TION action, invention, construction, direction, revolution, decision…
-MENT development, appointment, …
-AL refusal, removal, approval….
-ING swimming, teaching, jogging, training, building…
-NESS kindness, goodness, happiness, sadness, darkness, illness….
-TY safety, loyalty, cruelty, variety, ability, honesty….
-CY accuracy, expectancy, efficiency, democaracy,…
-TH length, depth, width, truth, warmth, strength…
-DOM freedom, wisdom, boredom…
-IST guitarist, novelist, violinist,…
-IAN musician, physician, historian…

-ISM patriotism, capitalism, socialism, heroism…

 -SHIP friendship, leadership, scholarship, ownership…
-HOOD childhood, brotherhood, neighbourhood, parenthood…
-NCE importance, significance, dependence,…
-OGY archeology, geology, sociology, zoology,…
-(GR)APHY photography, biography, geography,…

II. TÍNH TỪ (Adjectives):

1. Vị trí:
Vị trí Examples
Trước N (adj + N) My Tam is a famous singer.
Sau: - động từ tobe She is beautiful.
- động từ liên kết: become/ seem/ appear/ feel/ taste/ Tom seems tired now.
smell/ look/ keep/ get…
Sau trạng từ (adv + adj): extremely, completely, really, It is extremely cold.
terribly, very, quite, rather,… I’m terribly sorry.
She is very beautiful.
Sau keep/ make (keep/ make + O + adj) He makes me happy.
Sau “ too” (S + tobe/ seem/ look....+ too + adj...) He is too short to play basketball.
Trước enough (S + tobe/ seem/ look....+ adj + enough...) She is tall enough to play
volleyball.
Trong cấu trúc so...that (tobe/seem/look/feel.....+ so + adj The weather was so bad that we
+ that) decided to stay at home
Trong câu cảm thán: How + adj + S + V! How beautiful the girl is!
What + (a/an) + adj + N! What an interesting film!
Dạng so sánh (lưu ý tính từ dài hay đứng sau more, the Meat is more expensive than fish.
most, less, as ... as) Huyen is the most intelligent
student in my class.

2. Cách nhận biết tính từ theo đuôi:

Endings Examples
-FUL harmful, useful, successful, hopeful, helpful, peaceful…
-LESS childless, odourless, careless, hopeless, harmless, useless…
-LY manly, worldly, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly,
friendly…
-LIKE childlike, godlike, lifelike, ladylike, manlike…
-Y healthy, dirty, dusty, snowy, windy, rainy, cloudy, sunny,
 sandy…
-ISH childish, boyish, girlish, mannish, selfish…
-AL natural, national, industrial, agricultural, cultural, magical…
-OUS dangerous, courageous, poisonous, mountainous…
-IC artistic, electric, electronic, alcoholic, economic…
-BLE respectable, knowledgeable, reasonable, horrible, terrible,…
-ENT independent, sufficient, absent,..
-IVE active, effective, attractive, expensive, protective, …
-ATE temperate, accurate, considerate, immediate, literate,…
-ED (mang nghĩa bị disappointed, satisfied, surprised, bored, …
động)
-ING (mang nghĩa chủ disappointing, satisfying, surprising, boring,…
động)

I. TRẠNG TỪ (Adverbs):
1. Vị trí:
Vị trí Examples
Sau V thường He drove carefully.
Trước adj (đối với những trạng từ extrmely, I meet an extremely handsome man.
completely, really, terribly, very, quite, rather,…)
Giữa cụm V She has already finished the job.
Đầu câu hoặc trước dấu phẩy Unfortunately, I couldn’t come to the
party.
Sau “too” (V + too + adv...) He walked too short to catch the bus.
Trước enough (V + adv + enough...) You should write clearly enough for
everybody to read.
Trong cấu trúc so...that (V + so + adv + that) Jack drove so fast that he caused an
accident.

2. Cách nhận biết trạng từ theo đuôi:

Endings Examples
-LY firstly, fully, happily, ccarrefully,…
-WISE otherwise, clockwise, …
-WARD backward, inward, onward, eastward,…
Lưu ý:
- Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ:
+ good (adj) → well (adv)
+ fast (nhanh), early (sớm), late (trễ), hard (chăm chỉ) vừa là tính từ vừa là trạng từ.
Ex: Jack is a very fast runner. Jack can run very fast.
- Phân biệt: + late (trễ) - lately (gần đây) (= recently)
+ hard (chăm chỉ) - hardly (hầu như không)
- Một số tính từ tận cùng “–ly”: friendly (thân thiện), lovely (dễ thương), lively (sống động), ...
- Trạng từ tần suất đứng trước động từ thường, sau “tobe”, trợ động từ và modals
Ex: She doesn’t often go with him. He can seldom find time for reading.
II. ĐỘNG TỪ (Verbs):
1. Vị trí:
Động từ (verbs) thường đứng sau chủ ngữ
Ex. Tom’s behaviour improved at his new school.
S V
2. Cách nhận biết động từ theo đuôi:
Endings Examples
dis- dislike, disagree, discharge, disinvest, dislocate…
mis- misunderstand, misread, mislead…
out- outrun, outnumber, outweigh, outlive…
over- overact, overpay, overheat, overturn, overchange…
re- rewrite, reread, retell, recall…
under- undercharge, underdevelop, underdo, underline, undersign…
-en weaken, sharpen, tighten, loosen, shorten, widen…
en- enrich, enable, enlarge, encourage, endanger…
-ise / -ize sympathise, economise, socialize, memorize, industrialize…
-ate originate,…
-fy beautify, horrify, satisfy,…

EXERCISES
I. Give the correct form of the words in brackets:
1. The University of Ho Chi Minh City has a very large language centre.
(Nation)
2. I think the prices here are (reason)
3. Most of the food in supermarkets is very (attract)
4. The Island has very few resources. (nature)
5. John’s improved at his new school. (behave)
6. He likes reading novels. (history)
7. Firemen wear clothing, otherwise they would get burnt. (protect)
8. Mr. and Mrs. Jones have been married for ten years. They have no children. They’re a
couple. (child)
9. He is a boy. He is always asking questions. (curiosity)
10. All the pupils have done the exercises (easy).
11. Keep ! The teacher is explaining the lesson. (silence)
12. Time passes when you are alone. (slow)
13. This stamp is valuable (collect).
II. Choose the best answer.
1. In the modern world, women’s roles have been changing. (CĐ 2009)
A. natured B. naturally C. nature D. natural
2. Thanks to my friends’ remarks, my essays have been improved. (CĐ 2010)
A. constructive B. construction C. constructor D. construct
3. Why is everybody him all the time? (CĐ 2010)
A. critical B. criticize C. criticism D. criticizing
4. What views do Americans and Asians have about love and marriage? (CĐ 2011)
A. tradition B. traditionally C. traditionalism D. traditional
5. Does Mr. Ba bring his farm to the local market every day? (CĐ 2011)
A. productivity B. product C. production D. produce
6. Since has been so poor, the class has been closed. (MH 2015)
A. attendance B. attendant C. attending D. attendee
7. The firefighters’ single-minded devotion to the rescue of the victims of the fire was .
(QG 2016) A. respecting B. respective C. respectful D. respectable
8. It is not always easy to make a good at the last minute. (QG 2017)
A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively
9. Travelling to countries in the world enables me to learn many interesting things. (QG 2017)
A. differ B. difference C. differently D. different
10. In Vietnam, children begin their primary at the age of six. (QG 2017)
A. educational B. educationally C. educate D. education
11. Susan has achieved great in her career thanks to her hard work. (QG 2018)
A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully
12. Candidates are advised to dress formally to make a good on job interviewers.
(QG 2018) A. impress B. impressively C. impression D. impressive
13. Participating in teamwork activities helps students develop their skills.
(QG 2018) A. social B. society C. socially D. socialise
14. It is believed that travelling is a good way to expand our of the world. (QG 2018)
A. knowledgeable B. knowledgeably C. knowledge D. know
15. You should turn off the lights before going out to save . (MH 2019)
A. electricity B. electrify C. electric D. electrically
16. The candidate took a breath before he walked into the interview room. (QG 2019)
A. deep B. deeply C. depth D. deepen
17. I think mobile phones are for people of all ages. (QG 2019)
A. usefully B. usage C. use D. useful
20*. Such characters as fairies or witches in Walt Disney animated cartoons are purely .
(QG 2015) A. imaginary B. imagining C. imaginative D. imaginable
21. A party was prepared to welcome the honoured guests. (MH 2020)
A. special B. specialise C. specially D. specialisation
22. Many twelfth graders find it hard to what university to apply to. (MH 2020)
A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively
23. Sometimes it can be really to go hiking alone in the forest. (QG 2020)
A. dangerously B. danger C. endanger D. dangerous
24. It’s necessary to listen to opinions that are from ours. (QG 2020)
A. difference B. diffrently C. differ D. different
25. One method for keeping our mind active is doing crossword puzzles. (QG 2020)
A. popularity B. popularize C. popularly D. popular
26. This restaurant is with those who like Vietnamese food. (MH 2021)
A. popularly B. popular C. popularise D. popularity
27’. You can find a lot of information online for your project. (QG 2021)
A. use B. usefully C. useful D. usefulness
27. We are to hear that you are leaving. (MH 2022)
A. sadly B. sad C. sadden D. sadness
28’. It is important that we should the environment. (QG 2022)
A. protection B. protectively C. protective D. protect
29*. The two countries have reached an agreement through dialogues described as . (D, 2007)
A. counterproductive B. unproductive C. productivity D. productive
30. If you want to your English, we can help you.
A. improve B. improving C. improved D. improvement
31. The air in the city is very .
A. pollute B. polluted C. pollution D. pollutant
32. This is very ! Can’t you practise your violin somewhere else?
A. convenient B. conveniently C. inconvenient D. convenience
33. “Since the goal seems , I believe we should begin at once,” Tom argues.
A. achievements B. achieve C. achievable D. achieving
34. The rhinoceros, whose numbers have dropped alarmingly recently, has been declared a/an
species.
A. danger B. endanger C. endangered D. dangerous
35. I’m afraid they weren’t very about your idea of going out this evening.
 A. enthusiastically B. enthusiastic C. enthusiasm D. enthusiast
36. There is a of carrots because of the bad weather.
A. shortly B. shorten C. shortage D. short
37. My mother used to be a woman of great , but now she gets old and looks pale.
A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautifully D. beautify
38. Many Vietnamese people their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation.
A. sacrifice B. sacrificed C. sacrificial D. sacrificially
39. The more and positive you look, the better you will feel.
A. confide B. confident C. confidently D. confidence
40. There is a of water because it hasn’t rained for a long time. (QG 2009)
A. shortage B. short C. shortest D. shorter
41. You must get the washing fixed as soon as possible.
A. machine B. mechanic C. machinery D. mechanical
42. Your must be typed into 3 copies to hand in for our company.
A. applicants B. application C. applicating D. applying
43. This company offered a lot of jobs.
A. attractive B. attraction C. attract D. attractively
44. What are the between women in old times and women in modern times?
A. differs B. different C. difference D. differences
45. They gave a clear of their intentions.
A. demonstrate B. demonstrative C. demonstration D. demonstrating
46. Hue is famous for its spots.
A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautify D. beautifully
47. The Minister of the Education and Training Department appeared on TV last night to his
new policy.
A. public B. publicly C. publicize D. publicizing
48. The Christmas dinner consists of roast turkey with potatoes and vegetables.
A. tradition B. traditionally C. traditional D. traditionalist
III. Choose the option that needs correcting.
1. Many young people lack skills, good education, and financial to settle in
A B
the urban areas where many jobs are found. (THPT 2009)
C D
2. I have been working hardly for two weeks and now I feel like a rest
A B C D
3. Children who are isolated and lonely seem to have poor language and communicative.
A B C D