Which compound contains a chlorine atom with an oxidation state of +4?

1.

A KClO4

B CCl4

C ClO2

D ClO2F

(Total 1 mark)

Which equation does not show the reduction of a transition metal?

2.

A TiCl4 + 2 Mg → Ti + 2 MgCl2

B 2 FeCl3 + 2 KI → 2 FeCl2 + 2 KCl + I2

C MnO2 + 4 HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2 H2O

D CoO + 4 HCl → [CoCl4]2‒ + H2O + 2 H+

(Total 1 mark)

NO2− ions can be reduced in acidic solution to NO How many electrons are gained when each
3.
NO2− ion is reduced?

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4

(Total 1 mark)

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 Which compound contains chlorine in an oxidation state of +1?
4.
A Cl2O

B KClO3

C ClF3

D CCl4

(Total 1 mark)

In which conversion is the metal reduced?

5.
A Cr2O72− → CrO42−

B MnO42− → MnO4−

C TiO2 → TiO32−

D VO3− → VO2+

(Total 1 mark)

Which equation does not represent a redox reaction?

6.
A Mg + 2 HCl → MgCl2 + H2

B CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O

C Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu

D CuO + 2 HCl → CuCl2 + H2O

(Total 1 mark)

Which of these is not a redox reaction?

7.

A Cu2O + H2SO4 ⟶ CuSO4 + Cu + H2O

B MgO + 2HCl ⟶ MgCl2 + H2O

C SnCl2 + HgCl2 ⟶ Hg + SnCl4

D MnO2 + 4HCl ⟶ MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

(Total 1 mark)
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 Which species is not produced by a redox reaction between solid sodium iodide and
8. concentrated sulfuric acid?

A Na2SO4

B H 2S

C S

D SO2

(Total 1 mark)

V2O5 can be used as a catalyst in the Contact Process.

9.
Which is a step in the Contact Process in which the vanadium is oxidised?

A SO2 + V2O5 ⟶ SO3 + 2VO2

B SO3 + 2VO2 ⟶ SO2 + V2O5

C 2VO2 + O2 ⟶ V2O5

D V2O5 ⟶ 2VO2 + O2

(Total 1 mark)

Which of these shows nitrogen in its correct oxidation states in the compounds given?
10.
NH3 N 2O HNO2

A +3 −1 +5

B −3 +1 +3

C −3 +1 −5

D +3 −1 −3

(Total 1 mark)

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 Which of these is a redox reaction?
11.

A CaO + SiO2 ⟶ CaSiO3

B H2SO4 + Na2O ⟶ Na2SO4 + H2O

C NaBr + H2SO4 ⟶ NaHSO4 + HBr

D Mg + S ⟶ MgS

(Total 1 mark)

Which of these species is the best reducing agent?

12.
A Cl2

B Cl−

C I2

D I−

(Total 1 mark)

Which of the following shows chlorine in its correct oxidation states in the compounds shown?
13.
HCl KClO3 HClO

A −1 +3 +1

B +1 −5 −1

C −1 +5 +1

D +1 +5 −1

(Total 1 mark)

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 Which substance is not produced in a redox reaction when solid sodium iodide reacts with
14. concentrated sulfuric acid?

A H 2S

B HI

C SO2

D I2

(Total 1 mark)

In which reaction is hydrogen acting as an oxidising agent?

15.

A Cl2 + H2 2HCl

B (CH3)2CO + H2 (CH3)2CHOH

C N2 + 3H2 2NH3

D 2Na + H2 2NaH

(Total 1 mark)

In which reaction is the metal oxidised?

16.

A 2Cu2+ + 4I– 2CuI + I2

B [Fe(H2O)6]3+ + Cl– [Fe(H2O)5(Cl)]2+ + H2O

C [CoCl4]2– + 6H2O [Co(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl–

D Mg + S MgS

(Total 1 mark)

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 Which species contains an element with an oxidation state of +4?
17.

A NO2+

B ClO3−

C H2SO3

D PCl5

(Total 1 mark)

Refer to the unbalanced equation below when answering this question.

18.
K2Cr2O7 + 3H2C2O4 + _H2SO4 → Cr2(SO4)3 + _H2O + 6CO2 + K2SO4

In the balanced equation the mole ratio for sulfuric acid to water is

A 1:4

B 1:2

C 4:7

D 4:9

(Total 1 mark)

Refer to the unbalanced equation below when answering this question.

19.
K2Cr2O7 + 3H2C2O4 + _H2SO4 → Cr2(SO4)3 + _H2O + 6CO2 + K2SO4

What is the reducing agent in this reaction?

A H+

B C2O42−

C K+

D Cr2O72−

(Total 1 mark)

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 Which one of the following is the electron arrangement of the strongest reducing agent?
20.
A 1s2 2s2 2p5

B 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

C 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

D 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2

(Total 1 mark)

Which one of the following is not a redox reaction?

21.
A Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O → SO + 4H+ + 2Br−

B SnCl2 + HgCl2 → Hg + SnCl4

C Cu2O + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + Cu + H2O

D 2CrO + 2H+ → Cr2O + H2O

(Total 1 mark)

Refer to the following reaction

22.
H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) ΔH = −11 kJ mol−1, ΔS = +20 J K−1 mol−1

Which one of the following statements is correct?

A This is a redox reaction.

B The reaction is not feasible below 298 K

C At equilibrium, the yield of hydrogen iodide is changed by increasing the pressure.

D At equilibrium, the yield of hydrogen iodide increases as the temperature is increased.

(Total 1 mark)

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 Photochromic glass contains silver ions and copper ions. A simplified version of a redox
23. equilibrium is shown below. In bright sunlight the high energy u.v. light causes silver atoms to
form and the glass darkens. When the intensity of the light is reduced the reaction is reversed
and the glass lightens.

Cu+(s) + Ag+(s) Cu2+(s) + Ag(s)

clear glass dark glass

When the photochromic glass darkens

A the Ag+ ion is acting as an electron donor.

B the Cu+ ion is acting as a reducing agent.

C the Ag+ ion is oxidised.

D the Cu+ ion is reduced.

(Total 1 mark)

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

24.
A The first ionisation energy of iron is greater than its second ionisation energy.

B The magnitude of the lattice enthalpy of magnesium oxide is greater than that of barium
oxide.

C The oxidation state of iron in [Fe(CN)6]3− is greater than the oxidation state of copper in
[CuCl2]−

D The boiling point of C3H8 is lower than that of CH3CH2OH

(Total 1 mark)

The vanadium does not have an oxidation state of +3 in

25.
A [V(H2O)6]3+

B [V(C2O4)3]3−

C [V(OH)3(H2O)3]

D [VCl4]3−
(Total 1 mark)

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 In which one of the following reactions does hydrogen not act as a reducing agent?
26.
A H2 + Ca → CaH2

B 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

C H2 + CH2=CH2 → CH3CH3

C 2H2 + CH3COCH3 → CH3CH2CH3 + H2O

(Total 1 mark)

In which one of the following reactions is the role of the reagent stated correctly?
27.
Reaction Role of reagent

A TiO2 + 2C + 2Cl2 → TiCl4 + 2CO TiO2 is an oxidising agent

B HNO3 + H2SO4 → H2NO + HSO HNO3 is a Brønsted-Lowry acid

C CH3COCl + AlCl3 → CH3CO+ + AlCl AlCl3 is a Lewis base

D 2CO + 2NO → 2CO2 + N2 CO is a reducing agent

(Total 1 mark)

Which one of the following is a redox reaction?

28.
A 2CrO + 2H+ → Cr2O + H 2O

B 3Cl2 + 6OH− → 5Cl− + ClO + 3H2O

C HNO3 + 2H2SO4 → NO + H3O+ + 2HSO

D CaCO3 + SiO2 → CaSiO3 + CO2

(Total 1 mark)

In which of these substances is oxygen in the highest oxidation state?

29.
A OF2

B H 2O

C O2

D H2O2

(Total 1 mark)

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 In which one of the following reactions do two H ions and one electron have to be added to the
30. left-hand side in order to balance the equation?

A CH3CHO → CH3CH2OH

B VO2+ → V3+ + H2O

C NO → HNO2 + H2O

D HOCl → Cl2 + H2O

(Total 1 mark)

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 This question is about redox reactions.
1.
(a) State, in terms of electrons, the meaning of the term oxidising agent.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Cr2O72– can oxidise SO32– in acidic conditions to form Cr3+ and SO42–
Deduce a half-equation for the oxidation of SO32– to SO42–
Deduce a half-equation for the reduction of Cr2O72– to Cr3+
Deduce the overall equation for the oxidation of SO32– by Cr2O72–

Half-equation for the oxidation of SO32– to SO42–

___________________________________________________________________
Half-equation for the reduction of Cr2O72– to Cr3+

___________________________________________________________________
Overall equation

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 4 marks)

This question is about emissions of oxides of nitrogen from petrol and diesel engines.
2.
(a) Explain how oxides of nitrogen are formed in engines.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

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(b) State why it is desirable to decrease emissions of oxides of nitrogen from vehicles.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Modern diesel vehicles use diesel exhaust fluids, such as AdBlue, to decrease emissions of
oxides of nitrogen.

AdBlue reacts with water in the hot exhaust gases to form ammonia.
In the presence of a catalyst the ammonia reacts with oxides of nitrogen to form nitrogen
and water.

Give the oxidation state of nitrogen in each of NO2, NH3 and N2

Complete the equation for the reaction between NO2 and NH3

Oxidation state of nitrogen in

NO2________ NH3________ N2________

Equation

________ NO2 + ________ NH3 → ________ N2 + ________ H2O

(2)

(d) Petrol vehicles have a catalytic converter which decreases emissions of oxides of nitrogen.
Platinum in the catalytic converter acts as a heterogeneous catalyst.

State the meaning of the term heterogeneous catalyst.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(e) Some carbon particulates are also formed in both diesel and petrol vehicles.

Explain why carbon particulates are formed.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 8 marks)

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 Chlorine is used to decrease the numbers of microorganisms in water.
3.
When chlorine is added to water, there is a redox reaction, as shown by the equation

Cl2 + H2O ⇌ HClO + HCl

(a) Deduce the oxidation state of chlorine in HClO and the oxidation state of chlorine in HCl

Oxidation state of chlorine in HClO _______________________________________

Oxidation state of chlorine in HCl ________________________________________

(1)

(b) Give two half-equations to show the oxidation and reduction processes that occur in this
redox reaction.

Oxidation half-equation ________________________________________________

Reduction half-equation _______________________________________________

(2)

(c) Chlorine is reacted with cold, aqueous sodium hydroxide in the manufacture of bleach.

Give an equation for this reaction between chlorine and sodium hydroxide.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) The concentration of ClO– ions in bleach solution can be found by reaction with iodide ions.

The overall equation for this reaction is shown.

ClO– + 2I– + 2H+ → I2 + Cl– + H2O

A sample of bleach solution was found to contain ClO– ions with a concentration of 0.0109
mol dm–3
Potassium iodide is added to a 20.0 cm3 portion of this bleach solution.

Calculate the mass, in mg, of potassium iodide needed to react with all of the
ClO– ions in the sample of bleach.
Give your answer to the appropriate number of significant figures.
Give one observation during this reaction.

Mass of potassium iodide ____________________ mg

Observation ________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)

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 (e) Potassium chlorate(VII), KClO4, is used in fireworks. When potassium chlorate(VII)
decomposes, it produces potassium chloride and oxygen.

Give an equation for the decomposition of potassium chlorate(VII).

Use the data in the table to calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction.

Substance ∆fH / kJ mol–1

KClO4(s) – 434

KCl(s) – 436

Equation ___________________________________________________________

Enthalpy change ____________________ kJ mol–1

(2)
(Total 10 marks)

When an acidified solution of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is added to aqueous potassium iodide,
4. iodine and nitrogen monoxide (NO) are formed.

(a) Give the oxidation state of nitrogen in the following species.

NO2−______________________________________________________________

NO________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) Write a half-equation for the conversion of NO2− in an acidic solution into NO

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) Write a half-equation for the conversion of I− into I2

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

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 (d) Write an overall ionic equation for the reaction of NO2− in an acidic solution with I−

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(e) State the role of NO2− in the reaction with I−

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(f) In aqueous solution, nitrite ions react with acidified chlorate(V) ions according to the
equation

2ClO3− + 5NO2− + 2H+ ⟶ Cl2 + 5NO3− + H2O

25.0 cm3 sample of an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite required 27.40 cm3 of a 0.0200
mol dm−3 solution of potassium chlorate(V) for complete reaction.

Calculate the concentration, in g dm−3, of sodium nitrite in the sample.

Concentration of sodium nitrite ____________________ g dm−3

(4)
(Total 10 marks)

Sodium bromate(V) is a primary standard. This means that its solution can be used to check the
5. concentration of other solutions.

(a) The half-equations for the reaction between bromate(V) ions and thiosulfate ions in the
presence of acid are

2S2O32– → S4O62– + 2e–

BrO3– + 6H+ + 6e– → Br– + 3H2O

Use these half-equations to deduce an overall equation for this reaction.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

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 (b) A laboratory technician decided to use a 5.00 × 10–3 mol dm–3 solution of sodium
bromate(V) to check the concentration of a sodium thiosulfate solution that was labelled as
1.00 × 10–3 mol dm–3. The sodium bromate(V) solution was placed in the burette and 25.0
cm3 of the sodium thiosulfate solution was pipetted into a conical flask.

Use the concentration of the sodium thiosulfate solution to calculate the expected titre
value in this experiment.
Show your working.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) Consider the titre value that you have calculated in part (b).

Suggest one change to the experimental procedure in part (b) that would enable you to
calculate a more accurate value for the concentration of the sodium thiosulfate solution.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

This question is about Group 7 chemistry.

6.
(a) Sea water is a major source of iodine.
The iodine extracted from sea water is impure. It is purified in a two-stage process.

Stage 1 l2 + 2H2O + SO2 2Hl + H2SO4

Stage 2 2Hl + Cl2 l2 + 2HCl

(i) State the initial oxidation state and the final oxidation state of sulfur in Stage 1.

Oxidation state of S in SO2 ________________________________________

Oxidation state of S in H2SO4 ______________________________________

(2)

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 (ii) State, in terms of electrons, what has happened to chlorine in Stage 2.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to potassium iodide, iodine is formed in the
following redox equations.

......KI + ......H2SO4 ......KHSO4 + ......l2 + S + ......H2O

8KI + 9H2SO4 8KHSO4 + 4l2 + H2S + 4H2O

(i) Balance the equation for the reaction that forms sulfur.
(1)

(ii) Deduce the half-equation for the formation of iodine from iodide ions.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) Deduce the half-equation for the formation of hydrogen sulfide from concentrated
sulfuric acid.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) A yellow precipitate is formed when silver nitrate solution, acidified with dilute nitric acid, is
added to an aqueous solution containing iodide ions.

(i) Write the simplest ionic equation for the formation of the yellow precipitate.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) State what is observed when concentrated ammonia solution is added to this yellow
precipitate.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) State why the silver nitrate solution is acidified when testing for iodide ions.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

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 (iv) Explain why dilute hydrochloric acid is not used to acidify the silver nitrate solution in
this test for iodide ions.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) Chlorine is toxic to humans. This toxicity does not prevent the large-scale use of chlorine in
water treatment.

(i) Give one reason why water is treated with chlorine.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Explain why the toxicity of chlorine does not prevent this use.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) Write an equation for the reaction of chlorine with cold water.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(e) Give the formulas of the two different chlorine-containing compounds that are formed when
chlorine reacts with cold, dilute, aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Formula 1 __________________________________________________________

Formula 2 __________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 14 marks)

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