Network Readiness

Index 2024
Building a Digital Tomorrow:
Public-Private Partnerships for
Digital Readiness
Editors: Soumitra Dutta and Bruno Lanvin
© 2024 by Portulans Institute.
ISBN: 979-8-89660-972-8

This year’s edition was designed by Mardiyah Miller,

copy edited by Michael Stroup, and authored, edited,
and printed by Portulans Institute, in partnership with
Saïd Business School, University of Oxford.

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Acknowledgements
The report and rankings are produced by a core team
led by Rafael Escalona Reynoso, CEO of Portulans
Institute, which consists of Mariam Chaduneli, Lead
Project Manager, Shailja Bang, Head of Research,
Sylve Antal, Digital Strategy Manager, Abdellah
Bouhamidi, Data Scientist, and Rajat Kumar, Research
Assistant.

We would like to thank a group of individuals

who contributed to the 2024 edition of the NRI:
Asif Nazrul, Research Assistant, University of
Cambridge, Judge Business School; Raul L. Katz,
President, Telecom Advisory Services LLC; Ignacio
Moreno, Researcher, Centre for the New Economy
and Society, World Economic Forum; Ricky Li,
Insight and Data Lead, World Economic Forum;
Christopher Müller, Director, Statistical Department,
International Federation of Robotics; Hui Nemeth,
Lead Consultant, Gallup; Rajesh Srinivasan, Global
Research Director, World Poll, Gallup.

Cover image
Photo by Google DeepMind
Network Readiness
Index 2024
Building a Digital Tomorrow:
Public-Private Partnerships for
Digital Readiness
Editors: Soumitra Dutta and Bruno Lanvin
Since the 1990s, PPPs
have undergone a
remarkable evolution.
Once focused solely on
physical infrastructure, they
now embrace the inter-
connected complexity of the
digital age. Today’s critical
infrastructure stretches from
terrestrial networks to orbital
constellations, creating
an interconnected web of
physical and digital assets.
Contents

Preface 7

Foreword by AWS 8

Foreword by CNI 9

Building a Digital Tomorrow:

Public-Private Partnerships
for Digital Readiness 10 Detailed Results of NRI 2024 38
Introduction 11 Overall rankings 39

Digital Waves: Technology as a Core Pillar-level performances 43

Focus of Modern PPPs 12
Top 10 NRI performers 48
First Wave: the COVID-19 shift 13
Digital Outperformance Across Income Groups 51
Second Wave: Investing in digital resilience 13
NRI Performances by Income Group 53
Third Wave: The intangible infrastructure
NRI Performances by Region 56
and the rise of AI 15
Notable scores by individual countries 58
Digital PPPs need strong Regulatory and Institutional
Frameworks 17 Outstanding pillar performance among middle-
and low-income economies 62
Building Adaptive and Inclusive International
Frameworks for DPPPs 18
Annex 1: Pillar Tables 64
Leveraging DPPPs for Global Sustainable Goals 19
Country/Economy Profiles 82
Addressing Challenges in DPPPs 20
How to read the Country/Economy Profiles 83
Financing and Scaling Digital Transformation
through DPPPs 21 Appendix I: Technical Notes 218

Key Messages NRI 2024 24 Appendix II: Sources and Definitions 224

Key Results of NRI 2024 28 Appendix III: JRC Statistical Audit of the
2024 Network Readiness Index 238
The Top 10 29

Regional Leaders 29 The NRI 2024 Team 270

Income group leaders 31 The NRI 2024 Core Team 271

Outstanding pillar performance among middle- Our Technical Advisory Board (2024) 274
and low-income economies 31 Advisory Board (2024) 276
Continuing to improve the NRI model 32 Endnotes 277
The Network Readiness Index 33 Bibliography 277 5
Preface

The Network Readiness Index

(NRI) serves as a compass for
governments navigating this
digital transformation. This
year’s report examines how
DPPPs drive digital readiness,
ultimately fostering economic
growth and improving
quality of life worldwide.
The Network Readiness Index 2024

6
Preface

Soumitra Dutta Bruno Lanvin

Co-editor and Co-author Co-editor and Co-author

The accelerated pace of digital transformation demands to rapidly deploy solutions in contact tracing, telemedicine,
a new playbook for public-private collaboration. While and remote learning. This crisis demonstrated how digital
traditional Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) built our roads infrastructure and data-driven decision-making could
and hospitals, Digital Public-Private Partnerships (DPPPs) reshape public services at scale.
are forging the pathways of our virtual future.
The regulatory and financial landscape has evolved in
These partnerships aren’t simply PPPs in digital clothing— parallel. Governments have established robust frameworks
they’re agile, adaptive entities shaped by the pace of emphasizing transparency and fair risk allocations. New
technological change. As we race toward tomorrow’s financing models, particularly blended finance, combine
digital frontier, understanding how these partnerships public funds with private capital while safeguarding public
can accelerate transformation at a time when serving the interests—creating more sustainable and viable projects.
public interest has never been more crucial.
The Network Readiness Index (NRI) serves as a compass for
Since the 1990s, PPPs have undergone a remarkable governments navigating this digital transformation. This
evolution. Once focused solely on physical infrastructure, year’s report examines how DPPPs drive digital readiness,
they now embrace the inter-connected complexity of the ultimately fostering economic growth and improving
digital age. Today’s critical infrastructure stretches from quality of life worldwide.
terrestrial networks to orbital constellations, creating an
interconnected web of physical and digital assets. We thank colleagues at the Saïd Business School, University
of Oxford for co-publishing this report and our Knowledge
This transformation brings both promise and challenge. Partners—Amazon Web Services (AWS) and the Brazilian
Modern DPPPs must bridge two contrasting worlds: the National Confederation of Industry (CNI)—for supporting
methodical pace of public infrastructure and the breakneck the 2024 NRI edition. Our gratitude extends to our Advisory
speed of digital innovation. Consider SpaceX’s “fail fast, Board, NRI Technical Advisory Group, and the Joint Research
learn quick” philosophy - a stark contrast to traditional Centre (JRC) for ensuring the precision and relevance of our
public sector approaches. As our digital dependencies analysis.
deepen, these partnerships must develop frameworks that
marry public interest with private sector dynamism. And to all of you reading this report, your insights help
us keep the NRI at the forefront of measuring our world’s
The COVID-19 pandemic proved a powerful catalyst digital evolution. We welcome your feedback as we
for digital transformation. Faced with unprecedented continue this journey.
challenges, governments partnered with tech companies

7
 Foreword by AWS
Foreword

Jeffrey B. Kratz
Vice President, Worldwide Public
Sector Industry Sales, AWS
The Network Readiness Index 2024

As we stand on the cusp of a new digital era, the to help these companies envision, design, and launch
importance of collaboration between the public and new generative AI products, services, and processes. We
private sectors in driving innovation has never been more have also recently announced a $10 million commitment
critical. At Amazon Web Services (AWS), we’ve witnessed to help create the new Cancer AI Alliance (CAIA) with the
firsthand the transformative power of such partnerships in Fred Hutch Cancer Center. Together, we will accelerate
building a digital tomorrow that is accessible, efficient, and innovation in cancer discovery and treatments, deploy
secure for all. generative AI at scale, and leverage the power, agility, and
security of cloud computing to revolutionize health and
We have numerous examples of how public-private patient outcomes.
investments and global collaboration are accelerating
digital readiness across various sectors. From the launch When building new digital solutions and services for our
of the AWS GovTech Accelerator for startups addressing customers, AWS often works closely with a network of
justice and public safety challenges, to the introduction of more than 130,000 technology partners (‘AWS Partners’)
Snowflake’s Government & Education Data Cloud on AWS, from more than 200 countries. In this context, the rise of
we’re seeing innovative solutions emerge that tackle some “partners partnering” is another exciting trend, where AWS
of society’s most pressing issues. Similarly, NYU Langone Partners are joining forces to create even greater impact.
Health and NVIDIA, leveraged AWS to develop NYUMets, For instance, Rubicon and Esri’s collaboration to help the
the world’s largest longitudinal dataset of metastatic cancer. City of Columbus with efficient waste collection showcases
This groundbreaking work, made freely accessible through how combined expertise can solve complex urban
the AWS Open Data Sponsorship Program, demonstrates challenges.
how public-private cooperation can accelerate scientific
research and improve healthcare outcomes globally. As we look to the future, AWS remains committed to
fostering an environment where innovation thrives.
AWS has democratized access to cloud computing services, Through initiatives like our Partner Transformation
and we now provide access to generative AI technologies Program and the Amazon Partner Network Customer
which enable developers and companies of all sizes, Engagements Program, we’re simplifying the partner
and across all industries, to build applications which can journey and creating more opportunities for collaboration.
transform and grow their businesses. Amazon Bedrock Building a digital tomorrow requires not just technological
provides a choice of foundation models from leading AI advancements, but also a shared vision and commitment
providers via a single API for companies to build and scale to global collaboration. By continuing to invest in public-
generative AI applications. To ensure our customers are private partnerships and fostering a global ecosystem
able to capture the societal and productivity gains from of innovation, we can ensure that the benefits of digital
this technology we have invested $100M in the AWS transformation are realized by all, creating a more
Generative AI Innovation Center, a program that connects connected, efficient, and equitable world.
AWS customers worldwide with AWS ML and AI experts
8
Foreword by CNI

Antonio Ricardo Alvarez Alban

President, Brazilian National Confederation
of Industry (CNI)

The Brazilian Industry System recognizes digital readiness infrastructures, worker skill development, support for small
as a strategic imperative. Our mission is to strengthen and medium-sized enterprises in digital transformation
Brazil’s industrial economy, from basic education and and fostering dialogue between the public and private
professional training to advocating for public policies sectors. As hosts of this year’s B20, the business forum for
that promote industrial development and developing the G20, we are committed to creating global consensus
innovative technologies. Our network, which includes on advancing digital infrastructure, fostering innovation
the Brazilian National Confederation of Industry (CNI), the ecosystems, and ensuring cybersecurity. We aim to bridge
Social Service of Industry (SESI), the National Service for the digital divide by proposing policies that expand access
Industrial Training (SENAI), the Euvaldo Lodi Institute (IEL), to digital resources and opportunities for all.
and several regional and sectoral associations, is uniquely
positioned to advance digital readiness at scale. Our partnership with the Portulans Institute underscores
our commitment to building a digitally inclusive society,
Enhancing economic competitiveness and creating guided by the best data and global benchmarks. The
dignified job opportunities in the digital era requires robust Network Readiness Index findings provide valuable insights
private-public coordination. Despite 69% of Brazilian that inform our actions and strategies to ensure that Brazil
industrial companies using at least one digital technology, is not just ready for the digital future but is at the forefront
many are still in the preliminary stages of digitalization. of shaping it.
Our role is to support these companies in their digital
transformation journey, from ensuring that the right
policies are in place to providing the necessary education
for tomorrow’s workforce.

We actively engage in public-private partnerships, such as

the Brasil Mais Produtivo program, implemented by SENAI
and the Brazilian government. This program assesses
companies’ digital readiness and provides financial
support for adopting and developing digital technologies.
Such initiatives could be benchmarked for global
implementation with support from developed countries Our partnership with the Portulans
and international organizations.
Institute underscores our
CNI regularly convenes the CEOs of Brazil’s largest commitment to building a digitally
companies at the Business Mobilization for Innovation
inclusive society, guided by the best
(MEI) to discuss and propose national strategies on
digital transformation. Key priorities include public digital data and global benchmarks.
9
10
The Network Readiness Index 2024 Building
Country/Economy
a Digital Tomorrow
Profiles

for Digital Readiness

Public-Private Partnerships
Building a Digital Tomorrow:
 Soumitra Dutta Bruno Lanvin Rafael Escalona Reyonoso,
Saïd Business School, University of Institut Européen d’Administration Mariam Chaduneli, Shailja Bang,
Oxford and Portulans Institute des Affaires (INSEAD), International Rajat Kumar, Latisha Harry, Cassie
Institute for Management Jiun Seo, Marine Ragnet, Moritz
Development (IMD), and Portulans Von Knebel, and Juhi Kore,
Institute Portulans Institute

Introduction
DPPPs now play a pivotal role in advancing global
sustainability and social development goals, including the
United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Building Bridges: The Evolution of Digital These partnerships go beyond traditional infrastructure,
Public-Private Partnerships emphasizing inclusivity, transparency, and environmental
responsibility. The concept of “People-first PPPs” has
Digital Partnerships (DPs) between private and public also gained prominence, underscoring the importance
entities are not just a transposition of Private-Public of delivering not only economic value but also broader
Partnerships (PPPs) to the digital world. PPPs are societal benefits such as equitable access to services and
qualitatively different, having the ability to adapt rapidly the reduction of the digital divide.
to new and evolving circumstances. Considering the rapid
pace at which digital technologies and business models Regulatory and institutional frameworks have also adapted
have changed over the last decade, it is vitally important to in response to these evolving demands. Governments and
assess how new types of partnerships can help private and international organizations have developed comprehensive
public players to shape a better digital to-morrow while guidelines to ensure transparency, data governance, and
accelerating digital transformation. However, we need fair risk allocation in DPPPs. These frameworks address
to draw the lessons of the recent past to deepen digital past challenges by promoting public trust and enhancing
partnerships (DPs). community participation in digital projects, ensuring that
DPPPs can effectively balance technological innovation
PPPs have historically played a crucial role in delivering with public accountability.
large-scale infrastructure projects, such as roads, hospitals,
and schools. They are often financed through models like Moreover, innovative financing models have become
the Private Finance Initiative (PFI). Early PPPs primarily essential for funding digital transformation. For example,
aimed to share financial risks between public and private blended finance models combine public funds with
sectors, leveraging private capital to benefit public private investment. These models decrease the risk level
infrastructure development. However, over time, criticisms of investments in digital infrastructure, attract private
related to high costs, complex contractual frameworks, and sector participation, and ensure that DPPPs can scale up
accountability challenges have led to a reassessment of sustainably.
these models.
This chapter explores how DPPPs are reshaping the
The focus of PPPs has dramatically expanded in the current boundaries of public-private collaboration in the digital age
digital era. Digital Public-Private Partnerships (DPPPs) in ways that include enhancing community participation
have emerged as a transformative approach, facilitating and balances technological innovation with public
collaboration between governments and private sector accountability. Through these partnerships, governments
technology companies to co-create digital infrastructure can navigate the complexities of digital transformation,
and public services. The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a ensuring that technological progress is aligned with the
significant accelerant for this shift, driving the need for digital broader goals of equity, inclusion, and resilience.
solutions across sectors such as healthcare, education, and
governance. Governments have increasingly embraced
DPPPs as a way to integrate cutting-edge technologies like
artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and
blockchain into public service delivery.
11
Building a Digital Tomorrow

Due to the dynamic nature of technology, PPPs in this

sector take on various forms, ranging from broadband
connectivity and satellite services to capacity-building
programs, secure platforms for information sharing, and
digital public services like e-government systems (World
Bank 2021; European Commission, 2021). The choice
of which technologies to invest in largely depends on
government priorities and funding objectives. Given the
interconnected and interdependent nature of technology,
successful initiatives require accessible and affordable
connectivity, robust online platforms, and strong privacy
and data protection measures (Cirera, et al., 2022). For
instance, effective e-government services rely not only on
infrastructure but also on secure, user-friendly platforms
that encourage widespread adoption and trust.

Strong privacy and data protection measures, along with

Photo by Caner Demiroğlu adequate controls, are crucial to safeguarding sensitive
information in digital PPPs (Organization for Security
and Co-operation in Europe, 2023). These elements are

Digital Waves:
essential for encouraging adoption, building public trust,
and ensuring the overall integrity of the system. Unlike

Technology as a Core
traditional infrastructure, digital systems are characterized
The Network Readiness Index 2024

by their ability to scale rapidly and be replicated across

Focus of Modern PPPs

different contexts. This scalability and replicability are
among the most critical factors in the success of digital
infrastructure, making private sector participation in
Defining Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) building digital public infrastructure (DPI) an inherent
requirement (Asian Development Bank, 2022). Effective
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), as defined by the digital PPPs are efficient at integrating these factors to
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development deliver secure, scalable, and user-centric solutions that
(OECD), are long-term agreements in which the meet evolving public needs.
government collaborates with a private entity to deliver
and finance public services while sharing the associated
risks (OECD, 2019). Unlike traditional projects, PPPs
emphasize balancing risk between public and private
sectors to ensure optimal outcomes (European Court
of Auditors 2018). Historically, PPPs have been heavily
concentrated on traditional infrastructure projects, such
as transportation. For instance, between 2000 and 2014,
transport-related PPPs made up 88% of the total budget
for EU-funded partnerships, while other technology
initiatives accounted for just 5% of investments during the
same period.

PPPs have been recognized for their potential to achieve

efficiency gains by accelerating project timelines, sharing
risks between public and private agents, and optimizing
costs throughout a project’s lifecycle. By combining public
and private expertise, PPPs can provide in-depth project
assessments, help optimize project scope, and implement
a whole-life approach that enhances maintenance and
service levels (OECD, 2011). This collaboration often results
in higher quality service delivery, improved operational
efficiency, and greater innovation compared to purely
single-sector initiatives.

12
 This marked a significant acceleration in the digitalization
of financial systems, especially in low- and middle-income
countries. For example, the World Bank noted that over 80
million adults in India conducted their first digital payment
since the pandemic began, with a similar trend observed
in China, where over 100 million individuals embraced
digital payments for the first time (World Bank, 2022). In
Brazil, the Central Bank’s instant payment platform, Pix,
introduced mobile transactions to over 71 million people
within two years of its 2022 launch (Central Bank of Brazil,
n.d.). Although the rapid growth in mobile money adoption
has slowed compared to its peak during the pandemic, the
trend remains strong, with GSMA reporting a 9% increase in
active mobile money accounts by the end of 2023, totaling
approximately 435 million worldwide (GSMA, 2024).

Second Wave: Investing in digital

resilience
The acceleration of digital infrastructure development
First Wave: the COVID-19 shift in the wake of the pandemic has prompted significant
global investment. High-profile initiatives, such as the
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the United Nations’ High Impact Initiatives on Digital Public
critical need for resilient digital infrastructure, compelling Infrastructure (DPI) launched in September 2023 (ITU, 2023),
governments and businesses to swiftly adapt to the realities reflect the growing recognition of the critical role digital
of the “new normal.” Faced with widespread closures infrastructure plays in addressing modern challenges. In
of workplaces and educational institutions, alongside parallel, the European Commission underscored the strategic
strict mobility restrictions and disruptions to supply importance of technologies like cloud computing, edge
chains (Zancajo et al., 2022), digital platforms became computing, and semiconductors in sustaining economic
indispensable in maintaining essential services, including resilience, particularly in response to disruptions in global
education and government operations. In particular, the value chains (European Commission, 2021a). Supporting
reliance on Government-to-Citizen (G2C) channels for these efforts, the NextGenerationEU initiative—the largest
disbursing financial subsidies and pandemic relief surged European recovery project since the Marshall Plan—has
during this period (Lau et al., 2024). committed €723 billion towards recovery. This initiative
mandates that at least 20% of each Member State’s recovery
and resilience plan be allocated to digital transformation
(European Commission, 2021b), addressing critical
challenges and fostering long-term digital capacity.

Box 1 / USAID Philippines

Advancing the Philippine Digital Infrastructure through PPP Initiatives

The Philippine government is Center (NGDC), has consisted of the The Philippine Development Report
demonstrating heightened interest annual national government budget 2023 indicates that two of the
in partnership with private sector appropriation. However, the release of Department of Information and
contributions to the country’s overall the Philippine Development Communications Technology (DICT)
digital infrastructure development. flagship programs are moving beyond
In previous years, the target Report 2023 was an early signal of the conventional funding sources. For
funding source for the country’s government’s enhanced willingness example, the NBP is planning to issue
national government flagship ICT to adopt PPP) models for information a call for PPP proposals for DICT-
infrastructure projects, such as the and communications technology (ICT) owned towers and National Satellite
National Broadband Program (NBP) infrastructure funding. Systems. Further, the Free Public
and National Government Data Internet Access Program (FPIAP) is

13
Building a Digital Tomorrow

going to engage the private sector in was signed between DICT and the PPP growth rates. The lower 25% annual
proof-of-concept initiatives aimed at Center on June 14, 2023, formalizing growth rate implies that total satellite
discovering alternative technologies a collaboration for sustaining project demand could reach 2.3 terabits per
to boost digital infrastructure rollout. assistance and promoting policy second (Tbps) in 10 years. The higher
development. To address specific 45% growth rate could push demand
The United States Agency for infrastructure needs, four project to 10.1 Tbps. Ultimately, adding this
International Development’s (USAID) concept notes were developed. growth on top of existing demand
has used the Better Access and These included both the NBP implies that ultimate consumer
Connectivity (BEACON)project in Accelerated Tower Building Project demand could reach 4.8 Tbps to
the Philippines to actively support and an Underground Fiber Optic Cable 19.1 Tbps, respectively. In addition,
Philippine ICT infrastructure Conduit Network along the Philippine BEACON provided training that
development through PPPs via a National Railroad’s 700-km right of way. enabled DICT personnel to map all
series of initiatives. In 2022, BEACON 235 DICT-owned towers, achieving
awarded a grant to the Research, To support infrastructure planning, 88% geospatial data coverage for 133
Education, and Institutional BEACON facilitated the conduct out of 151 tower lots. Furthermore,
Development (REID) Foundation of a recent satellite demand study BEACON is facilitating access of DICT
to conduct training workshops for for the Philippines by the Asian for transactional advisory services of
DICT personnel on PPP concepts Development Bank (ADB). The study ADB and Project Development and
and processes. Subsequently, a projected significant future bandwidth Monitoring Fund (PDMF) of the PPP
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) requirements using two plausible Center for their priority PPP projects.
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Table 1 Major Priority Programs and Projects to Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure

Digital Connectivity

Strategy Major Priority Programs and Projects/Status of Implementation Plans for 2024-2025

Move people, goods, National Broadband Program

and information through
modernized and Component 3: Accelerated Tower Build (ATB) – In April 2023, the first • Component 3: Continued expansion of
expanded transport and communications tower in Boac, Marinduque, which is expected to connect the existing facilities to fully connect
digital infrastructure, with at least 42 government-owned facilities, was completed. all government-owned facilities and
active participation of the solicitation of PPP proposals for the
private sector DICT-owned towers.

Component 5: Satellite Overlay –Ongoing conduct of satellite services • Component 5: Satellite Overlay
survey, which will collect data from national government agencies and – Formulation of the Philippine
local government units (LGU) on their current internet connectivity, digital Communications Satellite Framework
operations and e-services, as well as their potential satellite connectivity and solicitation of PPP proposals for
usage in the next 5 and 10 years, to provide inputs to Information and the National Satellite Systems.
communications technology (ICT) planning and policy formulation. Survey
to be completed within 2023.

Consultants commissioned for the conduct of a feasibility study on the

development of a sovereign satellite in the Philippines.
Free Wi-Fi for All – Free Public Internet Access Program • Continued implementation of the
program (increase the number of live
Connected a total of 8,184 sites, covering 17 regions, 80 provinces and Metro sites especially at the geographically
Manila, and 661 cities and municipalities. isolated and disadvantaged areas,
among others).

• Conduct proof-of-concept activities

with the private sector in exploring
other alternative technologies (i.e.,
LTE, Wi-Fi 6/7, LEO/MEO, Open RAN
among others) to accelerate the
deployment of digital infrastructure for
the program.

Source: Philippine Development Report 2023

14
 Catalog alongside actionable threat mitigation guidelines
(Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, n.d.).

AI’s integration into public-private partnerships is

reshaping how governments and industries collaborate
on digital infrastructure projects. In these partnerships,
AI is increasingly used to enhance decision-making,
automate processes, and improve the delivery of public
services. Governments are working closely with private
sector leaders in AI to develop solutions that address
complex challenges, such as predictive maintenance for
public infrastructure, dynamic resource management in
healthcare, and automated compliance with regulatory
frameworks. When governments can model outcomes and
optimize interventions in real time, these collaborations not
only boost operational efficiency, but they also enable more
informed, data-driven policymaking. AI-driven technologies
are applied in urban development to optimize traffic
management, and applied to the energy sector to enhance
Designed by Freepik the efficiency of smart grids. In the realm of cybersecurity,
AI has become essential for detecting and mitigating
Third Wave: The intangible infrastructure threats across critical infrastructure, providing speed and
scale far beyond traditional methods. As such, AI’s role in
and the rise of AI public-private partnerships is a driving force for innovation,
The shift toward digital infrastructure, particularly in areas resilience, and more adaptive governance across diverse
like cloud computing and cybersecurity, highlights the public services.
increasing focus on intangible assets that exist within these
partnerships. Governments have become acutely aware
of their precarious reliance on a limited number of cloud
service providers (Gartner, 2022), emphasizing the pressing
need to enhance national resilience in cloud computing.
This realization has given rise to the concept of the
“sovereign cloud,” which emphasizes local control over data
storage, access, and governance. Many governments are now
aligning with these strategies, prompting cloud providers
to adjust to many new regulatory demands. For instance,
Amazon Web Services (AWS) has committed to investing €7.8
billion in its European Sovereign Cloud in Germany by 2040,
contributing to its €150 billion investment in the EU since
2010 (Amazon, 2023). This investment is designed to meet
the stringent requirements set by the German Federal Office
for Information Security (BSI) and ensure compliance with
evolving data governance frameworks (Federal Office for
Information Security [BSI], n.d.).
AI’s integration into public-
Around the world, efforts are currently underway to
strengthen cybersecurity across government agencies,
private partnerships is reshaping
critical infrastructure, and industries (Pendleton, et al., how governments and
2023). One such initiative is the Joint Cyber Defense
industries collaborate on digital
Collaborative (JCDC), spearheaded by the U.S. Cybersecurity
and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). The JCDC infrastructure projects. In these
facilitates collaboration between cybersecurity experts partnerships, AI is increasingly
from the public and private sectors, including cloud service
providers and government bodies (Cybersecurity and used to enhance decision-
Infrastructure Security Agency, 2021). Since its inception, making, automate processes,
the JCDC has enhanced information sharing, bolstered
preparedness for large-scale cyber events, and issued and improve the delivery of
timely updates to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities public services
15
Building a Digital Tomorrow

Box 2 / Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Accelerating Innovation: AWS’s Collaborative Approach to Solving Global

Challenges
Tackling the world’s most pressing million in cleantech investments new discoveries in personalized
challenges requires strong by participants, launched over 30 medicine. Since the database
collaboration between the public pilot projects and partnerships, opened in 2012, more than 30,000
and private sectors. By bringing and attracted over 2,000 startup researchers from 90 countries have
together the expertise and resources candidates from 64 countries, with registered to use UK Biobank. So far,
of governments, organizations, and 77 project proposals just last year. there have been more than 10,000
businesses, innovative solutions scientific publications based on
can be created to drive meaningful Transforming Drug Discovery with researchers’ discoveries using UK
impact for humanity Aion Labs and UK Biobank Biobank data.

WS Clean Energy Accelerator: Similarly, the collaboration with Empowering Public Sector Progress
Fueling Sustainable Solutions Aion Labs demonstrates how AWS
is harnessing the power of public- Across these diverse initiatives,
Amazon Web Services (AWS) private partnerships to revolutionize a common thread emerges as
initiated a Clean Energy Accelerator drug discovery. By pairing its collaboration between the public
that exemplifies this collaborative advanced cloud and AI capabilities and private sectors enables
The Network Readiness Index 2024

approach in action. In this public- with the drug discovery expertise, the transformative potential of
private initiative, AWS contributes its research data, and clinical trial technologies like cloud computing
industry-leading cloud computing, experience of medical institutions, and AI to be harnessed in ways
infrastructure, and AI capabilities, the company is empowering life that benefit humanity. By pooling
while pioneering clean energy science researchers to accelerate the strengths and expertise of
startups provide their cutting-edge the identification of promising government agencies, organizations,
technologies. Government and drug candidates. For example, Aion and businesses, AWS accelerates
industry partners can provide Labs has used this partnership to the development of solutions to the
domain expertise, data, and other reduce diagnosis time for complex world’s most pressing challenges.
resources to help these startups brain diseases from 6 days to just These public-private partnerships
grow and scale. This public-private 6 hours, while also tackling the amplify technological capabilities
synergy ensures the solutions challenge of misdiagnoses. AWS is while empowering public sector
developed address real-world also working with the UK Biobank, leaders to drive progress in
needs and challenges, while also a government-funded medical critical areas such as clean energy,
providing valuable regulatory data repository, to provide scalable healthcare, and scientific research.
insights and policy guidance. By cloud infrastructure, data storage, This collaborative innovation
pooling these strengths, we are able and AI tools. Together, they are transcends traditional boundaries,
to accelerate the development and enabling researchers worldwide fostering a brighter future for all.
deployment of sustainable energy to access and interrogate the
solutions at scale. Since 2021 this Biobank’s comprehensive datasets
program has influenced over $420 in groundbreaking ways, fueling

16
 In regions like West Africa, public-private-social
partnerships are championing inclusive digital
development. The West African Development Bank, for
instance, aims to launch at least two digital projects annually
(West African Development Bank, 2021). In Nigeria, over 100
million citizens have registered for the National Identification
Number, with plans to reach 148 million by mid-2024,
significantly boosting financial inclusion rates to 74%
(TechCabal, 2023; Thales Group, 2023).

Navigating Ethical Challenges in Digital

Partnerships
As DPPPs continue to expand the use of digital technologies
to promote efficiencies in public services, ethical concerns
have also moved to the forefront of public sector regulatory
discussions. Governments are increasingly focused on
Photo by kublizz developing guidelines that ensure AI and other advanced
technologies respect fundamental rights, promote fairness,
and prevent algorithmic bias (European Commission,

Digital PPPs need

2023). These efforts emphasize the critical need to balance
technological advancement with ethical accountability.

strong Regulatory A clear illustration of these challenges is the Aarogya Setu

and Institutional
application, launched in India for conducting contact
tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its public

Frameworks
health objectives, the app encountered significant backlash
due to concerns over privacy. Such concerns were focused
particularly on the collection of excessive personal data,
The integration of digital technologies into partnerships as well as insufficient transparency in data management
between the public and private sectors is transforming (Gupta et al., 2020). The absence of a comprehensive data
regulatory and institutional frameworks globally. Digital protection law in India at that time further heightened
PPPs have emerged as an evolution of traditional public concerns (Sharma and Basu, 2020). Moreover, the
models, where technology-driven collaborations focus app’s mandatory use in certain settings raised broader
on enhancing public services through digital platforms, issues around civil liberties and privacy, leading to legal
cloud infrastructure, and cybersecurity measures. These challenges and public debate (Bhandari and Sinha, 2021).
partnerships aim to combine the strengths of both sectors
to address those unprecedented challenges posed by The Aarogya Setu case exemplifies the delicate balance
digital transformation while safeguarding public interests required between regulatory oversight and the practical
(World Economic Forum, 2024). demands of digital public services. It underscores the need
for adaptive governance models that can keep pace with
This shift has led to more agile regulatory approaches, rapid technological advancements while ensuring robust
focusing on data privacy, cybersecurity, and interoperability protection of citizens’ rights (United Nations Economic
(Mohammed et al., n.d.). New standards for transparency Commission for Europe, 2024).
and data governance are emerging, with many
governments adopting open data practices to enhance Global Harmonization of Digital Public-
public access to information collected through digital Private Partnerships
initiatives (Wu, 2023). A prime example is the European
Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), On the international stage, organizations such as the
which has set a high benchmark for data protection and World Bank are playing a pivotal role in shaping and
privacy (European Commission, 2023). The regulation has harmonizing policies for DPPPs across diverse jurisdictions.
significantly impacted cybersecurity, particularly in sectors Their initiatives aim to create environments that encourage
like finance and insurance, where 82% of organizations private sector participation in digital infrastructure
report improvements attributed to GDPR. International projects while promoting sustainable digital development
bodies, such as the OECD, promote the interoperability of (World Bank, n.d.). Approaches to regulating DPPPs vary
privacy frameworks, easing cross-border data flows and regionally, with the European Union leading efforts through
reducing investment barriers (OECD, 2021). frameworks like the General Data Protection Regulation
(GDPR) and suggesting new regulations for AI and digital
services (European Commission, 2023). 17
Building a Digital Tomorrow

The GDPR, in particular, addresses critical aspects of DPPPs The success and sustainability of these partnerships
by establishing strong standards for data protection hinge on strengthening digital capabilities within the
and privacy. These standards ensure that personal data public sector. To this end, governments are increasingly
collected through digital initiatives is managed securely investing in digital skills training for public employees
and transparently, reinforcing principles such as data and establishing specialized units dedicated to managing
minimization, consent, and accountability. This regulatory digital initiatives (United Nations, 2023). Additionally,
framework builds public trust in digital services, aligning the importance of cross-sector collaboration cannot
with the goals of DPPPs to deliver secure and efficient be overstated—effective DPPPs rely on the combined
public services while upholding citizens’ rights (European expertise of government agencies, private technology
Commission, 2023). firms, academic institutions, and civil society organizations
(World Economic Forum, 2023).
In the Asia-Pacific region, countries such as Australia,
mainland China, Hong Kong SAR, Indonesia, Malaysia, Public engagement is also becoming a crucial element
Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand are exploring in the development and implementation of DPPPs.
regulatory sandboxes to trial innovative DPPP models Governments are turning to participatory approaches, such
(Asian Development Bank, 2022; EY, 2023; APEC, 2021). as citizen labs and digital town halls, to involve the public
A regulatory sandbox is a controlled environment in digital policymaking and ensure that these initiatives
established by regulators that allows companies to test address societal needs (OECD, 2023). This multi-stakeholder
innovative products and services with relaxed regulatory approach not only fosters trust but also ensures that digital
constraints. This framework encourages experimentation projects benefit from diverse perspectives and expertise.
with emerging technologies, such as blockchain and AI, in
a real-world setting while managing risks and protecting For example, in the United States, the Michigan
consumers. By piloting these innovations within a sandbox, Department of Health and Human Services has successfully
The Network Readiness Index 2024

financial services firms and regulators can collaboratively used town hall meetings to gather feedback on maternal
identify potential regulatory gaps and adapt to evolving and infant health services, helping to shape public policies
digital landscapes, ultimately fostering a balance between and improve health outcomes (Michigan Department
innovation and oversight. of Health and Human Services, n.d.). Similarly, platforms
like CitizenLab have enabled over 300 governments and
Similarly, African nations are working towards harmonizing organizations worldwide to engage citizens in participatory
digital regulations to facilitate cross-border digital services budgeting and idea generation, promoting more inclusive
and infrastructure development. The African Union has and responsive decision-making (CitizenLab, n.d.).
spearheaded efforts to standardize ICT and digital policies
across the continent, with a particular focus on enabling the Looking ahead, the regulatory and institutional frameworks
Single Digital Market in Africa (African Union, 2023; Global governing DPPPs are expected to evolve in response
Voice Group, 2023). Countries such as Cameroon, Gabon, to technological advancements. A key challenge is in
Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa, formulating governance models that remain flexible
Tunisia, and Zambia are actively participating in these enough to accommodate innovation while ensuring
efforts, which include the development of frameworks for robust protections for public interests. Developing
a Continental Data Policy and Digital ID Interoperability governance structures that integrate ethical considerations
(African Union, 2023). and encourage citizen engagement may further enable
governments to harness the potential of DPPPs in
Building Adaptive and Inclusive supporting sustainable development and enhancing public
International Frameworks for DPPPs services in the digital age.

Despite substantial progress, significant challenges remain

in creating cohesive international frameworks for DPPPs.
Issues such as cross-border data flows, cybersecurity,
and the rapid pace of technological change continue to In the Asia-Pacific region, countries
collectively present regulatory obstacles (OECD, 2024).
Overcoming these challenges requires a concerted effort
such as Australia, mainland China,
from governments, private sector stakeholders, and Hong Kong SAR, Indonesia, Malaysia,
international organizations to develop governance models
Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand
that are both adaptive and inclusive.
are exploring regulatory sandboxes
to trial innovative DPPP models

18
 has expanded public access to remote consultations,
prescriptions, and health advice through mobile
technology. This integration of digital services with the
national healthcare system has improved healthcare
accessibility, particularly in remote areas (Gasore, 2020).

In more developed contexts, these partnerships are

equally impactful. In the United States, for example, the
collaboration between the U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs and IBM Watson Health uses AI to enhance cancer
treatments for veterans in rural areas. This effort showcases
how DPPPs can address critical healthcare gaps through
advanced technology (VA and IBM, 2018).

Climate
DPPPs are also instrumental in combating climate change
by driving clean energy initiatives and supporting climate
action through digital technologies. By leveraging big

Leveraging DPPPs for

data, AI, and the Internet of Things (IoT), these partnerships
optimize energy use and reduce carbon footprints. An

Global Sustainable
example of this is the implementation of smart grids, which
use real-time data to efficiently balance energy supply

Goals
and demand. Again, in the US, a collaboration between
Con Edison and the New York State Energy Research and
Development Authority (NYSERDA) has developed a smart
Education energy platform as part of New York’s carbon-free electric
grid mandate, set for 2040 (NYSERDA, 2019).
Digital transformation has significantly expanded the role
of DPPPs in promoting sustainability, inclusivity, and equity. Similarly, technology-driven partnerships are reshaping
In education, these partnerships have revolutionized access urban landscapes by developing smart cities. In Barcelona,
to learning, particularly in underserved regions. The Global Spain, the city’s collaboration with Cisco Systems has
Education Coalition (GEC), established during the COVID-19 deployed IoT sensors and data analytics to optimize waste
pandemic, exemplifies the impact of digital partnerships management, traffic flow, and public services, reducing
in advancing educational continuity. In Africa, the GEC’s carbon emissions while improving residents’ quality of life.
initiatives have benefited millions, including through These DPPPs are vital in creating more resilient, sustainable
TeacherConnect in South Africa, a mentorship platform cities that integrate renewable energy and promote social
supporting nearly 150,000 educators, and a distance equity (CISCO, 2014).
learning platform in Senegal that has reached over 500,000
learners through collaboration with UNESCO, Microsoft,
Huawei, and Orange (UNESCO, 2023).

Similarly, the Learning Passport—a collaboration between

UNICEF and Microsoft—demonstrates how digital
partnerships can enhance inclusivity by providing high-
quality educational content through devices with offline
capabilities. As of 2023, the Learning Passport operates in
38 countries, serving over 6 million users and offering more
than 13,000 courses, underscoring the critical role DPPPs DPPPs are also instrumental in
play in bridging educational gaps (UNICEF, 2024).
combating climate change by
Health driving clean energy initiatives and
supporting climate action through
In healthcare, DPPPs are driving innovation in both
developing and developed nations by leveraging digital digital technologies. By leveraging
technologies to address infrastructure gaps and improve big data, AI, and the Internet of
the quality of care. In Rwanda, a partnership between the
Ministry of Health and Babyl, a digital healthcare provider, Things
19
 Addressing Challenges in DPPPs
Building a Digital Tomorrow

While DPPPs offer transformative potential, they face

several significant challenges that must be addressed
to realize their full impact. Common obstacles in
these partnerships include funding risks, stakeholder
commitment, and unequal power dynamics between
finance providers, governance personnel and beneficiaries.
These challenges can be mitigated by adopting best
practices such as clearly defining roles, allocating
risks effectively, and ensuring proactive stakeholder
engagement (Nel, 2020). However, technology-driven
partnerships introduce additional complexities that are
unique to the digital landscape.

Data privacy and security are among the most pressing

concerns in DPPPs, particularly as these partnerships
Photo by Google DeepMind increasingly rely on data to deliver solutions. Ensuring
the protection of sensitive personal information will only
become more critical as DPPPs expand. Another immediate
challenge is the “digital divide”—disparities in access to and
usage of the internet, often exacerbated by socioeconomic
factors, limited infrastructure, and insufficient digital
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Data privacy and security are literacy (Aissaoui, 2021; Shenkoya, 2022). This divide
highlights geographic inequalities and social stratification,
among the most pressing which can limit the ability of certain groups to benefit from
concerns in DPPPs, particularly digital advancements (Zdjelar et al., 2021).
as these partnerships
Effective DPPPs must prioritize inclusivity by developing
increasingly rely on data to accessible technologies for underserved communities,
deliver solutions. Ensuring the including individuals with disabilities, the elderly, those
lacking access to modern devices, and those whose
protection of sensitive personal languages are underrepresented in the digital sphere
information will only become (Chetty et al., 2018). A people-centric approach can help
bridge these gaps, as demonstrated by the Digital India
more critical as DPPPs expand. Initiative, where the Indian government collaborates with
Another immediate challenge is technology companies to expand broadband access in rural
areas. Similarly, Estonia’s e-residency and e-governance
the “digital divide”—disparities platforms—developed through public-private
in access to and usage of the collaborations—have democratized access to government
services, showcasing how technology can promote
internet, often exacerbated by inclusion (Abaku et al., 2022; Gupta, 2015).
socioeconomic factors, limited
Addressing these challenges is critical for DPPPs to drive
infrastructure, and insufficient sustainable development and social equity. By embedding
digital literacy. inclusivity, safeguarding data privacy and security, and
adopting proactive risk management strategies, these
partnerships can overcome obstacles and foster meaningful
global change. The success of DPPPs ultimately hinges
on their ability to merge technological innovation with a
people-centric focus, creating a more connected, equitable,
and resilient world.

20
 sector capital is a blended finance approach. It not only
mitigates investment risks to ensure that DPPPs can pursue
long-term digital infrastructure projects that align with
public interest, it also maintains financial viability. Some
deals can mobilize more than $2 in private investment for
every $1 in public or philanthropic funds, although such
cases remain rare (Kwon et al., 2022; Juneja, 2024).

A standout example of blended finance in action is USAID’s

“Digital Invest” program. Launched in 2023, this initiative
supports fund managers, project developers, and private
sector partners who aim to accelerate market growth for
internet service providers (ISPs) and financial technology
companies serving traditionally excluded communities
in developing markets. The program’s initial government
funding of $6.45 million is part of a larger $455 million
investment commitment aimed at reducing the digital
Photo by Google DeepMind divide (USAID, 2023).

Even with limited resources allocated to AI research

Financing and Scaling

and development (R&D) in the past, technological
advancements have allowed for rapid scaling of capabilities.

Digital Transformation
This progress has drawn increasing interest from new
investors (Roser 2023). In fact, global venture capital

through DPPPs
funding has reached new heights, with AI accounting for
27% of total fundraising, up from 12% in 2023 (Field and
Sigalos 2024). Impact investors, whose primary objective is
Blended Finance and Public-Private to address social challenges such as the digital divide, are
Partnerships playing an important role in scaling DPPPs, demonstrating
that maximizing financial returns is not always the principal
Blended financing mechanisms are gaining prominence, goal (Sulser 2021).
leveraging the diverse risk and return preferences of
various market actors (Pillai, 2024; Eburajolo, 2023). Risk Management Strategies in DPPPs
Blended financing mechanisms are gaining prominence
as they leverage the diverse risk and return preferences of Gerstein and Leidy (2024) noted that technology
various market actors (Pillai, 2024; Eburajolo, 2023). This developers are adapting traditional risk management
approach is particularly relevant for investments in digital procedures and introducing novel assessments to manage
infrastructure and technology development, which promise both known and unknown emerging risks. As AI becomes
substantial financial returns and significant social impact embedded into various societal systems, the risk of
despite inherent uncertainties and risks. However, the systemic vulnerabilities increases, raising the potential for
extended time horizon required to realize these returns can widespread disruptions (European Parliament, 2024).
deter investors seeking quicker profits, creating a financial
shortfall. Additionally, regulatory uncertainties and a lack DPPPs play a crucial role in managing these risks, as
of standardized frameworks for measuring social impact governments often rely on private sector expertise
contribute to the hesitance of many investors to commit to regulate emerging technologies (Eastwood, 2023).
resources to these long-term projects. As noted by UN Institutions responsible for the safety of novel technologies,
Deputy Secretary-General Amina J. Mohammed, there such as AI Safety Institutes located in the U.S. and the
remains a large gap between the $213 billion mobilized U.K., are collaborating closely with developers to conduct
so far and the trillions required to meet sustainable evaluations and audits (NIST, 2024). Measures like
development goals (UN, 2024). “Responsible Scaling Policies” (Anthropic, 2023) inform
regulatory actions, while private sector companies look
Blended finance instruments are being used to bridge this to governments to provide regulatory sandboxes and
gap. This includes guarantees, first-loss capital, outcome testbeds for new technologies (European Parliament
funding, concessional debt and equity, subordinated debt, Research Service, 2022). This is particularly important for
impact-linked finance, impact bonds, grants, and technical small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and startups,
assistance. Combining concessional finance with private which may struggle to manage the financial risks or bear

21
Building a Digital Tomorrow

the increasing costs of technology development, such as AI These advancements underscore the essential role of
training runs (Korinek & Vipra, 2023). innovative financing mechanisms, such as blended
finance, in catalyzing investments in digital infrastructure.
Ensuring Sustaining Digital Readiness By utilizing DPPPs, governments can harness private
sector expertise to advance technological innovation
Balancing innovation with financial stability, particularly while managing associated risks and ensuring long-term
in times of fiscal austerity (Costantini & Storm, 2024), sustainability.
presents a key challenge for governments. This challenge
is compounded by the complex structure of DPPPs, which

Pushing the Digital

often involve multiple stakeholders, making it difficult to
pivot quickly in a rapidly evolving technological landscape
(Foerster and Chao, 2024).

Governments may also face challenges in avoiding

Frontier: The Future of
dependency on private partners for delivering public
services. It can be difficult to maintain sustainable and
DPPPs
independent leadership in digital innovation without
prioritizing the development of in-house expertise and
technology. Such a miscalculation can make it difficult to As DPPPs continue to evolve, they face increasingly
maintain sustainable and independent leadership in digital complex challenges in technology integration,
innovation (Hueskes et al., 2017; Kivilä et al., 2017; Yescombe data governance, and financing models, while also
and Farquharson, 2018). grappling with the need to adapt to rapid technological
advancements. Effectively addressing these multifaceted
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Innovative Technologies Transforming issues is essential for fully leveraging the transformative
Public Services potential of DPPPs to enhance digital readiness and
drive inclusive, sustainable digital transformation. The
Emerging technologies are reshaping how public integration of emerging technologies—such as AI, IoT,
services are delivered, with DPPPs driving many of these and blockchain—into public services through DPPPs must
innovations. One key area is GovTech, which uses digital account for not only the technical aspects but also the
tools to improve the efficiency, accessibility, and value of ethical and social implications.
public services. Growth in the GovTech sector is expected
to surpass $1 trillion globally by 2028 (Mergenthaler This report explores how these technologies have already
and Buckup, 2024). Such growth allows DPPPs to enable made significant strides
the integration of private sector expertise in deploying
technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) for traffic • Education: AI-powered adaptive learning platforms and
management, public safety, and environmental monitoring virtual reality applications have redefined educational
(Sumatosoft, 2023). Blockchain technology is also being experiences, as demonstrated by UNESCO’s Global
leveraged to enhance data integrity and privacy, and to Education Coalition.
streamline processes such as company registration (PwC, • Healthcare: IoT devices and AI-powered diagnostics
n.d.; Shahaab et al., 2023). are enhancing patient care and optimizing resource
allocation, exemplified by the U.S. Department of
In the United States, cloud computing has become Veterans Affairs’ partnership with IBM Watson Health for
integral to government operations, with agencies such cancer treatment.
as Homeland Security, the Treasury, and the Department • Urban Development: Smart city initiatives, such as
of Labor already utilizing these services (GAO, 2023). Barcelona’s collaboration with Cisco Systems, are utilizing
Public-private collaborations have furthered AI research, IoT and data analytics to optimize waste management
with startups providing innovative solutions to entities and traffic systems, improving urban living conditions.
like DARPA and the U.S. Air Force (Guttman, 2023; Howley, • Finance: Blockchain technology is driving greater
2024). In the UK, the NHS AI Lab exemplifies how AI-driven transparency and efficiency in public financial
DPPPs are transforming healthcare, while the “Cloud management, a key feature of Estonia’s e-governance
First” policy prioritizes public cloud solutions for digital platforms.
integration (World Bank, 2022; NHS, 2024). Singapore’s
smart city initiatives, supported by DPPPs, include AI Data governance has become a critical issue, with global
applications for managing mass transit and contactless frameworks such as the European Union’s General Data
immigration, as well as the creation of the G-cloud for Protection Regulation (GDPR) offering a model for
government services (World Bank, 2022; Miller, 2023). balancing innovation with ethical safeguards (Tene and
Polonetsky, 2016). Many countries are following the GDPR’s
lead. For example, Brazil’s Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados
22 (LGPD) and California’s Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in
the United States have both been heavily influenced Aligning DPPP initiatives with broader national
by the GDPR. These frameworks reflect a global trend and international goals, such as the UN Sustainable
toward stronger data protection regulations, underscoring Development Goals (SDGs), is key to ensuring coherent,
the growing recognition that countries must adopt long-term progress (Dutta and Lanvin, 2022). Developing
comprehensive approaches to balance technological comprehensive evaluation frameworks that assess the
innovation with the protection of individual privacy rights. social, economic, and environmental impacts of DPPPs will
guide future initiatives. As highlighted in earlier sections,
Cloud computing, another essential component of DPPPs play a pivotal role in advancing SDGs related to
digital infrastructure, underpins emerging technologies education, healthcare, infrastructure, and climate action.
by offering scalable, on-demand computing power and For instance, UNESCO’s Global Education Coalition, formed
storage. This flexibility enables the processing, connectivity, during the COVID-19 pandemic, has leveraged DPPPs to
and distributed operations that are necessary for leveraging maintain learning continuity in Africa. In South Africa, the
technologies such as AI and IoT. Cloud computing is a TeacherConnect platform has supported nearly 150,000
foundational element of the digital future that requires educators, while UNESCO’s partnership with Huawei has
robust governance frameworks. Effective governance enhanced digital learning infrastructure in Egypt, Ethiopia,
involves establishing policies for data security, privacy, and Ghana.
compliance, and resource management to ensure that
cloud services are deployed responsibly and securely. As we look ahead, the role of DPPPs will not only be in
driving technological advancements but also in setting the
Cybersecurity is also a paramount concern. High-profile foundation for a digitally inclusive and sustainable future.
incidents have revealed vulnerabilities in critical digital Success in this endeavor will require a balanced regulatory
infrastructure globally, emphasizing the importance of approach—one that allows flexibility for technological
robust security measures within DPPPs (World Economic innovation while upholding essential values of privacy,
Forum, 2023). Inadequate cybersecurity can lead to security, and fairness (Floridi et al., 2018). Yet, digital
significant financial losses, data breaches, and an erosion inclusion remains a critical challenge, requiring ongoing
of public trust. The 2017 WannaCry ransomware attack, efforts to extend the benefits of digital transformation
for instance, impacted over 200,000 computers across 150 to all sectors of society. As discussed earlier, addressing
countries, disrupting critical infrastructure and healthcare the digital divide through DPPPs is crucial to achieving
systems. In response to such threats, Estonia has developed equitable development and preventing the widening of
innovative solutions like X-Road, a decentralized data existing inequalities. The Digital India Initiative, for example,
exchange platform that enhances security and efficiency is helping to bridge the gap by expanding broadband
in e-government services. Estonia’s example demonstrates access to rural areas through partnerships with technology
how strong cybersecurity measures can be integrated into companies.
digital public services, ensuring both security and public
confidence. At the same time, the rise of AI-driven decision- Additionally, international cooperation will be essential to
making systems in public services introduces the risk of addressing shared digital challenges and spreading best
perpetuating societal biases if not carefully designed and practices globally. By fostering collaborative platforms and
monitored (Whittaker et al., 2018). knowledge-sharing initiatives, countries can accelerate
the global pace of digital transformation (United Nations,
Deepening DPPPs in a Rapidly Changing 2023). The future of DPPPs holds vast potential to drive
Digital World transformative change across societies. By effectively
navigating the complexities of the digital ecosystem,
The rapid acceleration of technological innovation presents adapting to rapid technological advancements, and
both opportunities and challenges for Digital Public- embracing innovative governance approaches, countries
Private Partnerships (DPPPs). Emerging technologies offer can leverage these partnerships to create more inclusive,
immense potential to transform public service delivery and sustainable, and resilient digital futures. Ultimately, success
decision-making processes (Dowling and Milburn, 2017). will require balancing innovation with responsibility,
Yet, effectively harnessing this potential requires flexible efficiency with equity, and technological progress with
and adaptive partnership models that can evolve with the human-centered values. Confronting these challenges
digital landscape. should help public-private collaboration to serve the needs
and aspirations of all.
Building robust digital capabilities within the public sector
is essential for managing technology-driven partnerships
effectively. Governments must continue to invest in skills
development to become informed and capable partners
in these initiatives (OECD, 2020). This encompasses not
only technical expertise but also the ability to navigate the
broader societal and ethical implications of technological
advancements. 23
24
The Network Readiness Index 2024 Country/Economy
Key Messages NRI
Profiles
2024

NRI 2024
Key Messages
 Designed by Freepik

1
Public-Private Partnerships
2
COVID-19 Redefined the
Can Shape a Better Digital Focus of Public-Private
Future Partnerships
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) The COVID-19 pandemic
offer a powerful framework for fundamentally shifted the focus of
building a better digital future by PPPs toward digital resilience and
Public-Private aligning the goals and resources infrastructure, highlighting the urgent
of both public and private sectors. need for adaptable, technology-
Partnerships (PPPs) In today’s digital era, Digital driven solutions. With widespread
offer a powerful Public-Private Partnerships lockdowns, mobility restrictions,
framework for building (DPPPs) have emerged as key and disruptions to essential
drivers of transformation, enabling services, digital platforms became
a better digital future governments to work with critical for maintaining continuity
by aligning the goals technology companies to create in areas like education, healthcare,
digital infrastructure and modernize and government operations. The
and resources of both public services. Countries such as pandemic accelerated the rate of
public and private Singapore and the United States, digital adoption worldwide, with
which show strengths in emerging significant increases in mobile
sectors. technologies, highlight how DPPPs payment usage, especially in low- and
can integrate advanced technologies middle-income countries, as people
like AI and IoT into essential areas turned to digital channels for financial
such as healthcare, education, transactions and government aid. This
and governance. With supportive shift drove governments and private
regulatory frameworks and innovative sector partners to invest more heavily
financing models, these partnerships in digital public infrastructure. For
foster a balanced approach to digital example, economies like Zimbabwe
transformation, blending public and Lesotho demonstrated resilience
accountability with private-sector by closing the rural gap in digital
innovation. payments, making digital channels
vital for financial transactions and
government aid distribution. As
a result, the emphasis in PPPs has
increasingly moved from traditional
infrastructure projects to digital
solutions that can respond flexibly to
emerging global challenges. 25
 3 4
Key Messages NRI 2024

Robust Regulatory and DPPPs Are Essential

Institutional Frameworks to Advancing Global
Are Essential to Harness Sustainable Goals
the Potential of Digital DPPPs play a crucial role in
PPPs advancing global sustainable
goals by promoting inclusivity and
To harness the full potential of DPPPs, equity across various sectors. These
strong regulatory frameworks are partnerships enhance access to
DPPPs play a crucial essential. These frameworks need to essential services, particularly in
address key issues like data privacy, underserved regions, by leveraging
role in advancing global cybersecurity, and transparency, digital technologies to address
sustainable goals by ensuring that the rapid advancement systemic challenges. In education,
promoting inclusivity of digital services aligns with public for instance, DPPPs have transformed
interests. For instance, countries learning opportunities, improving
and equity across such as the United Kingdom and access to ensure that diverse
various sectors. Estonia, known for their strength in populations can benefit from quality
cybersecurity, set high standards education. Examples are countries like
that are crucial for building public Singapore, Indonesia, and Rwanda
The Network Readiness Index 2024

trust in digital initiatives. Similarly, that have demonstrated strengths

regulations such as the European in ICT skills within their education
Union’s GDPR have set high standards systems, helping diverse populations
for data protection, which are crucial gain access to quality learning
for building public trust in digital resources. Similarly, in healthcare,
initiatives. International organizations, these collaborations improve access
such as the OECD and the World to medical services and innovations,
Bank, are also promoting guidelines particularly in remote areas. By
for privacy and interoperability to fostering cooperation between
support secure cross-border data public and private entities, DPPPs
flows and reduce regulatory barriers. are instrumental in driving progress
By setting clear standards, these towards achieving the United Nations’
frameworks can guide DPPPs to deliver Sustainable Development Goals,
efficient, secure, and inclusive public ultimately contributing to a more
services while safeguarding citizens’ equitable and sustainable future.
rights in a rapidly digitalizing world.

26
5 6 7
DPPPs are Diversifying Cloud Computing in Public Engagement as
Funding and Scaling DPPPs Expands Digital a Critical Component
Digital Transformation Service Accessibility and in Building Trust and
Blended financing mechanisms are Drives Innovation Inclusivity in DPPPs
increasingly recognized for their Cloud computing has emerged as In successful DPPPs, public
potential to diversify funding sources a cornerstone for DPPPs, enabling engagement is essential to ensure
and scale digital transformation governments to expand the capacity that digital transformations are
initiatives. These mechanisms and reach of digital services and inclusive, transparent, and aligned
harness the varying risk and return providing on-demand, scalable with community needs. Economies
preferences of multiple market solutions across sectors. Countries like such as Finland, the Republic of Korea,
participants, making them particularly the United States, United Kingdom, and Estonia, are recognized for their
valuable for investments in digital and Japan, which exhibit strengths in strengths in E-participation and
infrastructure and technology the public cloud computing market, government online services, as they
development. Countries like the demonstrate how leveraging cloud exemplify how public engagement
United States and Sweden, which infrastructure allows governments initiatives like digital town halls
have strengths in investments in to deploy essential services like and citizen feedback platforms can
emerging technologies, illustrate how e-governance, healthcare, and foster collaboration between the
combining concessional finance with education without heavy upfront public sector, private entities, and
private sector capital can mitigate investments. For instance, cloud communities. This participatory
investment risks. This approach not platforms support telemedicine and approach not only builds trust in
only enhances the financial viability remote learning, making critical digital initiatives but also ensures that
of projects but also addresses the services accessible even in remote solutions reflect diverse perspectives
substantial gap in funding required areas. Additionally, the flexibility and address specific community
to meet sustainable development of cloud computing allows for the challenges. By involving citizens in
goals. Through innovative financial rapid deployment of innovative the planning and evaluation phases
instruments, DPPPs can attract private technologies, such as AI-driven of DPPP projects, governments can
investment and support the scaling analytics, supporting governments better navigate ethical concerns and
of digital transformation efforts, in delivering responsive, data-driven create services that are equitable and
ultimately fostering a more inclusive public services. widely adopted.
digital economy.

27
28
The Network Readiness Index 2024 Key Messages NRI 2024

NRI 2024
Key Results of
The Top 10
For the third consecutive year, the United States has
maintained its leading position in the Network Readiness
Index (NRI), with Singapore following closely behind.
Finland has retained its third-place ranking, while Sweden
has advanced to fourth. The Republic of Korea has risen to
fifth place, showing continued improvement. Meanwhile,
the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom,
Germany, and Denmark round out the top 10. Notably,
the United Kingdom has moved up to eighth place, and
Germany and Denmark are ranked at ninth and tenth,
respectively.

The top performers in the NRI consistently display

three significant trends: they are primarily high-income
nations, they exhibit strong network readiness across Photo by Marina Leonov
all dimensions, and the European countries continue to
maintain a strong presence. These patterns are evident in
the NRI 2024 rankings, where each of the top 10 countries
secures a position within the top 25 across the four main
pillars: Technology, People, Governance, and Impact.

Regarding regional representation, Singapore and the

Republic of Korea are the only countries from Asia and the
Pacific that appear in the top 10, while the United States is
the sole representative from the Americas. The remaining
top 10 positions are occupied by European countries,
underscoring their continued dominance in global network
readiness.

Table A Top 10 performers in NRI 2024

Pillars

Country NRI rank NRI score Technology People Governance Impact

United States of America 1 78.96 1 2 9 11
Singapore 2 76.94 6 3 8 5
Finland 3 75.76 11 9 4 1
Sweden 4 74.99 7 15 6 2
Republic of Korea 5 74.85 10 1 22 13
Netherlands 6 73.94 3 20 3 6
Switzerland 7 73.71 2 10 13 10
United Kingdom 8 73.57 5 7 14 8
Germany 9 73.54 4 8 16 9
Denmark 10 72.70 8 18 1 7

Source: Network Readiness Index Database, Portulans Institute, 2024.

29
Key Messages NRI 2024

Southeast Asian nations show varying levels of digital

maturity. Malaysia (36th) emerges as a regional leader
among upper-middle-income economies, with strong
performance in emerging technology adoption and
digitally skilled population. Thailand (40th) and Vietnam
(45th) follow closely, with each nation showing its own
unique strengths – Thailand in digital inclusion and Vietnam
in impact of digital technologies on economy and quality
of life.

India’s position (49th) reflects its dual nature as a

technology powerhouse and developing economy. While
leading globally in AI publications and showing strong
performance in public cloud computing (4th), India faces
significant challenges in digital inclusion and regulatory
frameworks.

Photo by Tara Winstead The lower rankings reveal a persistent digital divide,
particularly affecting African nations. Despite some bright
spots, like Rwanda’s strong performance in government

Regional Leaders
promotion of digital technologies (23rd), many Sub-
Saharan African countries struggle with basic digital
infrastructure and skills development. This divide is
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index 2024 reveals a complex particularly evident in countries like Uganda (118th),
global digital landscape where significant disparities exist Malawi (119th), and Chad (130th).
between regions and development levels. At the top of
the rankings, the United States leads with exceptional This global digital landscape underscores the growing
performance across technology adoption and innovation importance of comprehensive digital transformation
metrics, particularly excelling in areas like AI development strategies that address not just technological infrastructure,
and digital business transformation. but also regulatory frameworks, skills development, and
digital inclusion. The success stories of rapidly advancing
The Asia-Pacific region presents a fascinating study in nations like China and Malaysia provide valuable lessons
contrasts. Singapore maintains its position as a global in strategic digital development while highlighting the
digital powerhouse, ranking 2nd overall, with remarkable continued challenges in achieving global digital equity.
strengths in governance and digitally connected
businesses. China, ranking 17th overall, demonstrates
impressive capabilities in various domains. Specifically,
China leads globally in AI scientific publications and
domestic market scale, though it is facing challenges in
regulatory frameworks and privacy protection.

Table B Top 3 countries by region

Africa Arab States Asia & Pacific CIS Europe The Americas
1. Mauritius (60) 1. United Arab Emirates (28) 1. Singapore (2) 1. Russian Federation (41) 1. Finland (3) 1. United States of America (1)
2. Seychelles (71) 2. Saudi Arabia (35) 2. Republic of Korea (5) 2. Kazakhstan (61) 2. Sweden (4) 2. Canada (11)
3. South Africa (72) 3. Qatar (38) 3. Japan (12) 3. Armenia (66) 3. Netherlands (6) 3. Brazil (44)

Note: Global ranks in parentheses. CIS = Commonwealth of Independent States.

Source: Network Readiness Index Database, Portulans Institute, 2024.

30
Income group leaders
In the 2024 Network Readiness Index, the top three
countries in each income group highlight diverse strengths
across digital readiness and development. Among the high-
income countries, the United States, Singapore, and Finland
lead globally, ranking first, second, and third, respectively.
These nations demonstrate a well-rounded approach
to digital infrastructure, education, and innovation,
securing their positions at the forefront of technological
advancements.

In the upper-middle-income group of countries, China

ranks highest at 17th, followed by Malaysia and Thailand
at 36th and 40th, respectively. These rankings underscore
the efforts of these countries to drive digital transformation
within their economic capacities, focusing on educational
improvements and technological adoption.
Designed by Freepik

Among lower-middle-income countries, Vietnam, India, and

the Philippines rank 45th, 49th, and 63rd, respectively. Their
advancements reflect significant progress in areas such

Outstanding pillar
as ICT adoption and workforce upskilling, aligning with
regional economic development objectives.

In the low-income countries, Rwanda (91st), Uganda performance among

middle- and low-
(118th), and Malawi (119th) demonstrate commendable
strides toward enhancing digital readiness, despite their

income economies
resource constraints. These rankings showcase the varied
pathways through which countries across income levels are
leveraging digital readiness to foster economic growth and
competitiveness in the global digital landscape. Middle- and low-income economies, notably China,
Ukraine, Vietnam, and Kenya, have significantly
outperformed expectations in digital readiness, achieving
scores that exceed trendlines by at least 10% relative
In the upper-middle-income group to their GDP per capita. Africa and Asia & Pacific lead
regionally, with countries like Rwanda, Brazil, and
of countries, China ranks highest Kyrgyzstan also making marked advancements. The lower
at 17th, followed by Malaysia middle-income group shows the largest concentration of
and Thailand at 36th and 40th, high performers, highlighting its prominent role in this
ongoing digital evolution. For a comprehensive view,
respectively. please see Table 5 in the Detailed Results of the Index.

Table C Top 3 countries by income group

Low-income
High-income economies Upper middle-income economies Lower middle-income economies economies
1. United States of America (1) 1. China (17) 1. Viet Nam (45) 1. Rwanda (91)

2. Singapore (2) 2. Malaysia (36) 2. India (49) 2. Uganda (118)

3. Finland (3) 3. Thailand (40) 3. Philippines (63) 3. Malawi (119)

Note: Global ranks in parentheses.

Source: Network Readiness Index Database, Portulans Institute, 2024.

31
32
The Network Readiness Index 2024 Key Messages NRI 2024

the NRI model

Continuing to improve
 The Network Readiness
Digital transformation necessitates a constant review of
the data that powers the NRI model. Annually, the NRI

Index
team scours a variety of general and tech-specific sources,
pinpointing new indicators that can effectively gauge
the ever-shifting terrain of digital evolution and network
readiness. The 2024 NRI Report is anchored in the three core principles
outlined by the NRI Technical Advisory Group in 2019,
Stability is paramount; while evolving the model is crucial, ensuring the NRI model remains future-ready.
ensuring its stability is equally essential for maintaining
its validity. The refinement of the NRI stems from the 1. To maintain continuity with the major components of the
introduction, evolution, or integration of relevant metrics. NRI from previous years.
However, at the heart of the NRI model remains the belief 2. To reflect the current issues concerning ICT deployment
that our shared future hinges on a seamless fusion of that the previous NRI models may not have adequately
People and Technology. captured.
3. To future-proof the NRI model regardless of developing
As technology progresses, its interplay with people will future technology trends.
intensify. Both entities will work hand in hand, forming
a symbiotic relationship in both social and business The NRI 2024 model maintains its foundational four-pillar
realms. To bolster this alliance, it’s imperative to institute structure: Technology, People, Governance, and Impact.
governance structures addressing trust, security, and Each pillar is further divided into three sub-pillars, as
inclusivity. Our ultimate goal is to enhance the ways people illustrated in Figure A.
can harness technology to its full potential, a measure that
is reflected in three pivotal domains of societal wellbeing. Primary technical updates to the NRI 2024 apply to ten
indicators across six sub-pillars: Future Technologies,
• To have a positive impact on the economy Individuals, Businesses, Governments, Regulations and
• To have a positive impact on a country’s quality of life Economy. Additionally, six indicators within the Individuals,
• To help a country achieve all Sustainable Development Businesses, and Economy sub-pillar underwent a
Goals (SDGs) nomenclature and code revision. A sum of 54 indicators
spans across the 12 sub-pillars in the NRI. For detailed
Each of these objectives aligns with the United Nations’ insights into enhancements within the full set of indicators,
vision for a brighter and more sustainable future. refer to Appendix I: Technical Notes and Appendix II:
Sources and Definitions. The organization of the NRI
model’s pillars and sub-pillars is outlined as follows:

Figure A NRI 2024 model

Technology Access Content Future Technologies

People Individuals Businesses Governments

Network Readiness Index

Governance Trust Regulation Inclusion

Impact Economy Quality of Life SDG Contribution

33
 Technology People
Key Messages NRI 2024

Central to the networked economy is technology. As a The technological landscape mirrors the proficiency,
foundational component of the NRI, the Technology pillar inclusivity, and adeptness of the populace and entities of
aims to evaluate the technological infrastructure crucial a nation in harnessing technological assets. The People
for a country’s engagement in the global economy. The pillar, therefore, assesses the application of ICT across three
Technology pillar’s objectives are addressed through three facets: individuals, enterprises, and public sectors.
sub-pillars:
• Individuals: Analyzes individual technological utilization
• Access: This examines the basic level of ICT accessibility and their capacity to engage in the networked economy.
for individuals in countries, delving into facets such as • Businesses: Evaluates the way enterprises integrate
communication infrastructure and cost-effectiveness. ICT and their involvement in the networked economy,
• Content: Focuses on the nature of digital technologies including advancements in AI and public cloud
generated within countries and the local deployable computing. This is reflected through metrics such as the
content/applications. It encompasses data derived Number of venture capital deals invested in AI and Public
from scientific articles, expenditure on software, GitHub cloud computing market scale.
commits, and the development and use of mobile • Governments: Probes into government ICT investments
applications. and deployments to cater to the wider populace. Recent
• Future Technologies: Gauges a country’s readiness updates to the model also include measurements of the
towards the impending trends in the networked government’s Data Capabilities.
economy and novel technological paradigms. It
encapsulates the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI),
the Internet of Things (IoT), and investments in budding
The Network Readiness Index 2024

technologies.

Box 3 / Telecom Advisory Services

Assessing Cloud Computing Use

Cloud Computing is a crucial As a result, firms that use cloud services critical computing power, storage, and
contribution to firms’ digitization can gain from advantages like cost data; (ii) as a supplier of foundational
process and is achieved through savings, flexibility, and scalability. trained models that support business
several internal effects. The ability to Businesses can also automatically applications; and (iii) as an access
share and remotely access computing scale software and storage in response provider of AI-based platforms for user
resources such as servers, storage to increasing workloads by utilizing facing apps.
areas, and network service applications cloud computing, helping them save
with a high degree of reliability and resources. Spending less on resources Spending in cloud computing has been
scalability is one of cloud computing’s improves a company’s margins and growing significantly in the past four
primary advantages. Moreover, these its monetary value, revealing the years, reaching close to $794 billion
computational resources can be robust economic contribution of worldwide (see graphic 1).
accessed online at a minimal additional cloud services. Finally, the cloud is a
cost, thanks to cloud technology. This critical enabler of artificial intelligence
means that businesses do not have to (AI). The cloud’s critical role as an AI
spend significant resources developing enabler and value multiplier is revealed
their own infrastructure. at three levels: (i) as a provider of

34
 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Finland
Australia
Sweden

Source: OECD Stat

Norway
Korea
Denmark
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands

0
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
$800,000
$900,000

Estonia
New Zealand
Poland
Belgium
Czech REpublic

US and Canada
Germany
Austria

2021
Croatia
$426,802

Middle Ease and Africa

Hungary
Slovenia
Lithuania

Asia (except Japan and China)

Portugal
Luxembourg

Source: IDC. Software and public cloud services spending. 2023-2024.

Latvia
Slovak Republic
Spain
Turkey
France

2022

Japan
Greece
$552,102

Romania
Bulgaria

Western Europe

0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Israel
United Kingdom
Central/Eastern Europe
Estonia
Graphic 1 Worldwide spending in cloud computing (in million USD)

Switzerland
United Arab Emirates
Austria
Bahrain
Qatar
2023

Saudi Arabia
South Africa
$662,974

Latvia
Thailand
Uruguay
Malaysia
Slovakia
Philippines
Chile
PRC

Turkey

Source: Telecom Advisory Services

Costa Rica
India
Egypt
Panama
Latin America

Indonesia
Graphic 2 Cloud computing adoption (percent of organizations) (selected countries) (2023)
Brazil
Argentina
2024

Kurait
$793,971

Mexico
Oman
Jordan
Morocco
Domonican Republic
Peru
Viet Nam
Iran
Algeria
Ecuador
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bangladesh
Paraguay
Tunisia
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
El Salvador
Guatemala
Bolivia
Bulgaria
Honduras
Nicaragua

35
 Governance
Key Messages NRI 2024

While cloud-related spending is prevalent in advanced

economies of North America and Western Europe, growth
is also strong across the rest of the developing world. Governance epitomizes the frameworks that fortify a
Further, cloud computing spending does not reflect the holistic network, ensuring its users’ safety. The Governance
level of its maturity within the economy. Such maturity is pillar emphasizes the creation and reachability of structures
initially measured by adoption within public and private that invigorate the networked economy across a triad of
organizations. Adoption data is available for advanced dimensions:
economies in the OECD Stat site, while Telecom Advisory
Services has been able to develop estimates for other • Trust: Assesses the security landscape for both
countries in multiple studies commissioned by AWS (see individuals and corporations within the networked
graphic 2). economy, highlighting a trust-conducive environment
and its consequent behavior among citizens.
While some countries exhibit high cloud computing • Regulation: Surveys the government’s role in fostering
adoption rates, not all organizations rely on the cloud in networked economy participation via regulatory
the same way. In our experience, cloud maturity can be measures, strategies, and foresight.
assessed in three levels: • Inclusion: Identifies digital disparities within nations,
where governance can mitigate discrepancies stemming
• Basic: usage of cloud computing for email, office from gender, disabilities, and economic backgrounds.
software, and storage files
• Medium: usage of cloud computing for finance and Impact
accounting software, and customer relationship
management (CRM) A nation’s readiness in the networked economy translates
• Advanced: usage of cloud computing for hosting into holistic growth and societal enhancement. The Impact
The Network Readiness Index 2024

databases, and for gaining computing power to run the pillar endeavors to gauge the diverse ramifications of
company’s software and processes engagement in the networked economy across a trio of
arenas:
For example, in a study conducted for AWS, we were able
to determine 11.1% of large enterprises in Israel depict • Economy: Delves into the economic repercussions of
an advanced level of cloud use, while only 6.4% of small integration into the networked economy, incorporating
enterprises use cloud computing. aspects like the magnitude of the domestic market. ICT
patent applications serve as an indicator of the outcomes
of this integration.
• Quality of Life: Chronicles the societal implications
derived from participation in the networked economy.
• SDG Contribution: Analyzes the influence of networked
economy engagement in the purview of the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs). In this context, ICT emerges
as pivotal, with specific indicators weaving through
health, education, gender parity, and environmental
concerns.

Photo by Google DeepMind

36
Our ultimate goal is to
enhance the ways people
can harness technology
to its full potential, a
measure that is reflected
in three pivotal domains of
societal wellbeing.

37
38 38
The Network Readiness Index 2024 Detailed
Country/Economy
Results of NRI
Profiles
2024

NRI 2024
Detailed Results of
Overall rankings
The Network Readiness Index (NRI) 2024 provides a
comprehensive assessment of 133 economies, evaluating
each country’s capacity to capitalize on digital technologies.
In the latest rankings, the United States and Singapore
have maintained their lead positions at 1st and 2nd place,
respectively, while Finland has consistently held on to its
3rd position from last year.

The Netherlands has dropped to 6th, previously ranked

4th in 2023, while Sweden advanced to 4th position. The
Republic of Korea has shown improved performance,
advancing from 7th to 5th, as Switzerland shifted from
6th position in 2023 to 7th this year. The United Kingdom
experienced an upward trajectory, reaching the 8th
position, while Germany maintained a steady ranking at
9th. Denmark, completing the top 10, now ranks 10th, after
repositioning from 8th in 2023. Designed by Freepik

Among the notable shifts, Jamaica saw the most significant

repositioning, moving from 72nd to 93rd, while Sri Lanka Regionally, Europe leads with representation from 41
moved from 80th to 95th. Peru dropped by ten places to countries, followed by Africa with 30 countries, Asia and
83rd, and Türkiye shifted by eleven spots to 47th. China the Pacific with 21, the Americas with 22, the Arab States
demonstrates steady progress, rising to 17th from 20th last with 13 and CIS with 6 countries. These rankings highlight
year. While these changes may indicate each economy’s the ongoing leadership of high-income economies while
evolving commitment to digital preparedness, it is also acknowledging progress among emerging markets in
essential to consider the NRI’s continuous methodological network readiness.
refinements as a contributing factor, enhancing the
precision and comprehensiveness of digital readiness The 2024 NRI rankings have introduced four new countries:
measurement. Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Trinidad and Tobago, and Yemen.
Meanwhile, Eswatini, Gambia, Guinea, Lebanon, and
The top ten performers in NRI 2024 underscore that Tajikistan have been excluded from the list. It’s important to
advanced economies across Europe, the Americas, Asia, acknowledge that year-to-year comparisons of NRI rankings
and the Pacific continue to excel in network readiness. can be influenced by data availability and changes in the
Specifically, among the top 25 countries, Europe is NRI model framework.
represented by seventeen nations (predominantly the
Note: Countries are grouped according to the World Bank Income Classifications (1 July
Western and Scandinavian regions. East and Southeast Asia 2022).
contribute four economies (Singapore, Republic of Korea,
China, and Japan, Oceania is represented by Australia and
New Zealand, and North America includes both Canada and
the United States.

In terms of income distribution within the 2024 rankings,

52 countries are high-income economies, 36 are upper-
middle-income economies, 32 are lower-middle-income
economies, and 13 are low-income economies.

39
Detailed Results of NRI 2024

Table 1 NRI 2024 rankings

Rank Economy Score Income Group Region

1 United States of America 78.96 High income The Americas
2 Singapore 76.94 High income Asia & Pacific
3 Finland 75.76 High income Europe
4 Sweden 74.99 High income Europe
5 Republic of Korea 74.85 High income Asia & Pacific
6 Netherlands 73.94 High income Europe
7 Switzerland 73.71 High income Europe
8 United Kingdom 73.57 High income Europe
9 Germany 73.54 High income Europe
10 Denmark 72.70 High income Europe
11 Canada 71.76 High income The Americas
12 Japan 70.96 High income Asia & Pacific
13 Israel 70.46 High income Europe
14 Norway 69.70 High income Europe
15 Australia 69.43 High income Asia & Pacific
16 France 68.71 High income Europe
17 China 68.70 Upper middle income Asia & Pacific
The Network Readiness Index 2024

18 Estonia 67.85 High income Europe

19 Ireland 66.20 High income Europe
20 Austria 66.05 High income Europe
21 Belgium 65.88 High income Europe
22 New Zealand 65.83 High income Asia & Pacific
23 Luxembourg 65.45 High income Europe
24 Spain 65.15 High income Europe
25 Iceland 64.86 High income Europe
26 Italy 63.60 High income Europe
27 Czechia 63.47 High income Europe
28 United Arab Emirates 62.79 High income Arab States
29 Hong Kong, China 61.77 High income Asia & Pacific
30 Portugal 61.73 High income Europe
31 Lithuania 59.95 High income Europe
32 Poland 59.94 High income Europe
33 Malta 59.75 High income Europe
34 Slovenia 59.38 High income Europe
35 Saudi Arabia 58.75 High income Arab States
36 Malaysia 57.88 Upper middle income Asia & Pacific
37 Latvia 57.68 High income Europe
38 Qatar 57.31 High income Arab States
39 Cyprus 56.68 High income Europe
40 Thailand 56.07 Upper middle income Asia & Pacific
41 Russian Federation 55.74 High income CIS
42 Hungary 55.33 High income Europe
43 Ukraine 55.32 Upper middle income Europe
44 Brazil 55.20 Upper middle income The Americas
45 Viet Nam 54.96 Lower middle income Asia & Pacific
46 Slovakia 54.88 High income Europe
47 Serbia 53.91 Upper middle income Europe

40
Rank Economy Score Income Group Region
48 Indonesia 53.84 Upper middle income Asia & Pacific
49 India 53.63 Lower middle income Asia & Pacific
50 Oman 53.52 High income Arab States
51 Bahrain 53.50 High income Arab States
52 Costa Rica 53.44 Upper middle income The Americas
53 Uruguay 53.40 High income The Americas
54 Chile 53.40 High income The Americas
55 Bulgaria 53.15 High income Europe
56 Greece 52.90 High income Europe
57 Romania 52.77 High income Europe
58 Türkiye 52.65 Upper middle income Europe
59 Croatia 51.96 High income Europe
60 Mauritius 51.17 Upper middle income Africa
61 Kazakhstan 50.52 Upper middle income CIS
62 Mexico 50.32 Upper middle income The Americas
63 Philippines 49.93 Lower middle income Asia & Pacific
64 Colombia 49.64 Upper middle income The Americas
65 Montenegro 49.58 Upper middle income Europe
66 Armenia 49.54 Upper middle income CIS
67 Kuwait 49.30 High income Arab States
68 Georgia 49.30 Upper middle income Europe
69 Argentina 48.99 Upper middle income The Americas
70 Republic of Moldova 48.11 Upper middle income Europe
71 Seychelles 47.99 High income Africa
72 South Africa 47.80 Upper middle income Africa
73 Kenya 47.06 Lower middle income Africa
74 Jordan 47.04 Lower middle income Arab States
75 Azerbaijan 46.08 Upper middle income CIS
76 Morocco 45.93 Lower middle income Arab States
77 North Macedonia 45.92 Upper middle income Europe
78 Panama 45.61 High income The Americas
79 Iran (Islamic Republic of ) 45.51 Upper middle income Asia & Pacific
80 Dominican Republic 45.27 Upper middle income The Americas
81 Uzbekistan 44.87 Lower middle income CIS
82 Ecuador 44.76 Upper middle income The Americas
83 Peru 44.76 Upper middle income The Americas
84 Albania 44.67 Upper middle income Europe
85 Egypt 44.42 Lower middle income Arab States
86 Kyrgyzstan 44.16 Lower middle income CIS
87 Ghana 43.95 Lower middle income Africa
88 Mongolia 43.88 Upper middle income Asia & Pacific
89 Bangladesh 43.56 Lower middle income Asia & Pacific
90 Bosnia and Herzegovina 43.20 Upper middle income Europe
91 Rwanda 43.16 Low income Africa
92 Cote d’Ivoire 42.53 Lower middle income Africa
93 Jamaica 42.50 Upper middle income The Americas
94 Paraguay 42.26 Upper middle income The Americas

41
Detailed Results of NRI 2024

Rank Economy Score Income Group Region

95 Sri Lanka 42.12 Lower middle income Asia & Pacific
96 Tunisia 41.57 Lower middle income Arab States
97 Pakistan 41.43 Lower middle income Asia & Pacific
98 Cabo Verde 39.75 Lower middle income Africa
99 El Salvador 39.36 Upper middle income The Americas
100 Algeria 39.24 Upper middle income Arab States
101 Senegal 39.10 Lower middle income Africa
102 Bolivia (Plurinational State of ) 38.25 Lower middle income The Americas
103 United Republic of Tanzania 37.93 Lower middle income Africa
104 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of ) 36.84 Upper middle income The Americas
105 Guatemala 36.52 Upper middle income The Americas
106 Trinidad and Tobago 36.48 High income The Americas
107 Honduras 36.39 Lower middle income The Americas
108 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 36.36 Lower middle income Asia & Pacific
109 Nepal 35.96 Lower middle income Asia & Pacific
110 Cambodia 35.65 Lower middle income Asia & Pacific
111 Benin 35.62 Lower middle income Africa
112 Nigeria 34.87 Lower middle income Africa
The Network Readiness Index 2024

113 Cameroon 34.59 Lower middle income Africa

114 Botswana 34.54 Upper middle income Africa
115 Zambia 33.97 Lower middle income Africa
116 Nicaragua 33.51 Lower middle income The Americas
117 Namibia 33.50 Upper middle income Africa
118 Uganda 32.90 Low income Africa
119 Malawi 31.75 Low income Africa
120 Mali 30.82 Low income Africa
121 Zimbabwe 30.33 Lower middle income Africa
122 Ethiopia 29.60 Low income Africa
123 Lesotho 27.65 Lower middle income Africa
124 Mauritania 27.16 Lower middle income Arab States
125 Madagascar 27.00 Low income Africa
126 Mozambique 26.63 Low income Africa
127 Burkina Faso 25.91 Low income Africa
128 Angola 25.25 Lower middle income Africa
129 Sierra Leone 23.43 Low income Africa
130 Chad 22.22 Low income Africa
131 Democratic Republic of the Congo 21.49 Low income Africa
132 Burundi 20.69 Low income Africa
133 Yemen 20.24 Low income Arab States

Note: CIS = Commonwealth of Independent States.

Source: Network Readiness Index Database, Portulans Institute, 2024.

42
Pillar-level
This pattern of performance across the Technology
pillar underscores the varying strengths of economies in

performances
digital infrastructure, content creation, and technological
innovation. It also highlights the potential for middle-
income countries to excel in specific technological domains
The Network Readiness Index 2024 reveals distinct patterns through targeted investments and strategic focus.
across its four pillars. The Technology pillar is led by the
United States, with strong performances from Switzerland People
and the Netherlands, while China leads in Access metrics. In
the People pillar, the Republic of Korea dominates, followed The Republic of Korea maintains its commanding position
by the United States and Singapore. The Governance pillar in the People pillar (1st). The nation demonstrates
shows clear Northern European dominance, with Denmark, exceptional performance across all sub-pillars with
Norway and the Netherlands leading. The Impact pillar is remarkable consistency in Individuals (1st), Businesses
led by Finland, with strong performances from Sweden and (2nd), and Governments (1st). This comprehensive strength
Ireland. Throughout all four pillars, there’s a notable digital underscores the Republic of Korea’s sustained excellence
divide between high-income and developing economies, in digital technology adoption across all segments of
though some emerging economies show remarkable society. The United States secures the second place, with
strengths in specific areas. outstanding achievements in digitally engaged Businesses
(1st) and Governments (2nd). These rankings highlight
Technology its strong private sector leadership and public sector
commitment to digital transformation.
The United States stands as the top-ranking economy in the
Technology pillar, demonstrating exceptional performance Singapore follows in the third position, showcasing also
across all sub-pillars, particularly in Content (1st) and Future strong performance in the Business (5th) and Government
Technologies (1st). Switzerland (2nd) also showcases strong (3rd) sub-pillars. These rankings reveal the country’s robust
capabilities in the Technology pillar, excelling particularly digital ecosystem and effective public sector digitalization.
in Content (5th) and Future Technologies (3rd). In securing Japan demonstrates remarkable consistency at fourth
the 3rd position, The Netherlands demonstrates remarkable place, with strong showings across Individuals (3rd),
strength in Content (2nd) and Future Technologies (6th), Business (8th), and Government (13th) sub-pillars, all
while maintaining solid performance in Access (23rd). reflecting its balanced approach to digital adoption. Israel
rounds out the Top 5 Technology performers, with strong
China (12th), a standout performer among upper-middle- Business (7th) and Government (5th) performance.
income economies, is the global leader in Access (1st).
The economy particularly excels in FTTH/building Internet China’s impressive sixth-place ranking is particularly
subscriptions (1st) and international Internet bandwidth noteworthy, with strong performance in Individuals
(3rd). Singapore (6th) demonstrates strong overall (6th) and Business (9th), showcasing its rapid digital
performance, particularly in the Access metrics (3rd). transformation and growing technological sophistication.
Singapore ranks first in handset prices, mobile network
coverage, and Internet access in schools. Notable performances among emerging economies include
India (29th) and Vietnam (38th), with both nations showing
Notable performances emerge from other economies particular strength in government digital services and
as well. The Republic of Korea (10th) shows particular business adoption. The United Arab Emirates (12th) leads
strength in Adoption of Emerging Technologies (1st), the Arab States, demonstrating strong government-led
while Israel demonstrates robust capabilities in Content digital initiatives.
(19th), Investment in Emerging Technologies (2nd), and
Mobile App Development (3rd). India, ranking 34th These rankings across the People pillar reflect the varying
overall in the Technology pillar, outperforms many approaches and successes of economies in fostering digital
higher-income economies in AI Scientific Publication (1st), technology adoption among their populations, businesses,
International Internet bandwidth (2nd), FTTH/building and public sectors. The top performers consistently
Internet subscriptions (2nd), and Investment in Emerging demonstrate strength across all three sub-pillars, while
Technologies (26th). emerging economies often show notable strengths in
specific areas, particularly in government-led initiatives and
business adoption.

43
 Impact
Detailed Results of NRI 2024

Finland leads the Impact pillar rankings, securing the

1st position globally. This ranking reflects the nation’s
exceptional performance across all sub-pillars. Finland
particularly excels in the Quality of Life (1st), ranking first in
happiness and showing strong performance in freedom to
make life choices (4th). Sweden follows closely in second
place, with remarkable achievements in Economy (4th) and
Quality of Life (5th) and in particular in Women’s Economic
Opportunity (1st).

Ireland maintains a strong position (3rd), showcasing its

leadership in SDG Contribution (1st). The nation exhibits
outstanding impact performance, notably ranking 1st
in both SDG 5: Women’s Economic Opportunity and
SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy, and 4th in SDG 11:
Photo by Google DeepMind
Sustainable Cities and Communities. The Netherlands (6th)
and Denmark (7th) round out the European dominance in
this pillar, with strong showings in quality-of-life metrics
Governance and sustainable development indicators.

The Governance pillar continues to be dominated by Among the Asian economies, Singapore stands out at 5th
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Northern European economies. Denmark secures the top place, with particular strength in the Economy sub-pillar
position (1st), followed by Norway (2nd), the Netherlands (5th). China (19th) shows commendable performance in
(3rd), Finland (4th), and Sweden (6th). This European the Economy sub-pillar (7th), leading the group of upper
prominence within this pillar underscores the region’s middle-income economies. China’s dominance is evident
exceptional performance across Trust, Regulation, and in Domestic Market Scale, Prevalence of gig economy, SDG
Inclusion sub-pillars. 4: Quality Education, (1st), and in ICT Patent applications
(17th). Notable performances from emerging economies
Denmark claims the leading position through outstanding include Vietnam (31st) and India (40th), with both showing
performance in Trust (1st), supported by high rankings in particular strength in economic impact metrics at 20th and
Secure Internet Servers (1st) and Online Access to Financial 13th respectively. The United Arab Emirates (33rd) leads
Account (2nd). Norway demonstrates remarkable strength the Arab States in the Impact pillar, while Costa Rica (29th)
in Trust (2nd) and Regulation (2nd), while maintaining shows the strongest performance among Latin American
strong performance in digital inclusion metrics. The economies.
Netherlands (3rd) shows consistent excellence across all
sub-pillars, particularly in Trust (5th) and Inclusion (4th). These pillar rankings reveal significant regional disparities,
with African nations generally ranking lower, though
Among non-European economies, Singapore stands out Rwanda (98th), Kenya (82nd), and Mauritius (47th)
at 8th place overall, with particular strength in Inclusion demonstrate relatively stronger performance within their
(1st). Luxembourg maintains its position as a global leader income groups. This pattern underscores the continuing
in Regulation (1st), while Estonia (5th) demonstrates challenges in translating digital transformation into broader
strong performance in Inclusion (3rd) as well as in societal impacts across developing regions.
E-commerce legislation (1st) and Cybersecurity (2nd).
Notable performances from emerging economies include
China (36th), showing strength in Inclusion (19th) despite
challenges in Regulation (88th). Saudi Arabia (44th) leads
the Arab States in Governance, while Brazil (39th) and
Malaysia (41st) show strong performance among upper-
middle-income economies.

The rankings within the Governance pillar reveal significant

regional disparities. While African nations generally
rank lower, Rwanda (76th), Kenya (68th), and Mauritius
(62nd) show relatively stronger performance in their
income groups. In general, the Latin American economies
demonstrate mixed performance, with Brazil, Chile (40th),
44 and Uruguay (55th) leading the region.
Table 2 Rankings by pillar

Economy NRI ranking Technology People Governance Impact

United States of America 1 1 2 9 11
Singapore 2 6 3 8 5
Finland 3 11 9 4 1
Sweden 4 7 15 6 2
Republic of Korea 5 10 1 22 13
Netherlands 6 3 20 3 6
Switzerland 7 2 10 13 10
United Kingdom 8 5 7 14 8
Germany 9 4 8 16 9
Denmark 10 8 18 1 7
Canada 11 9 11 12 12
Japan 12 14 4 26 15
Israel 13 28 5 29 4
Norway 14 15 17 2 20
Australia 15 19 16 7 16
France 16 13 14 25 18
China 17 12 6 36 19
Estonia 18 32 13 5 21
Ireland 19 30 35 23 3
Austria 20 20 25 15 23
Belgium 21 18 26 21 22
New Zealand 22 29 27 10 17
Luxembourg 23 16 66 11 14
Spain 24 23 19 24 24
Iceland 25 22 24 18 30
Italy 26 24 21 28 34
Czechia 27 26 34 19 26
United Arab Emirates 28 21 12 50 33
Hong Kong, China 29 17 36 34 36
Portugal 30 25 42 30 27
Lithuania 31 36 41 17 46
Poland 32 37 39 32 32
Malta 33 38 44 33 25
Slovenia 34 33 59 31 28
Saudi Arabia 35 31 30 44 45
Malaysia 36 40 23 41 54
Latvia 37 55 61 20 39
Qatar 38 35 31 45 53
Cyprus 39 43 69 35 35
Thailand 40 48 32 42 60
Russian Federation 41 47 22 49 69
Hungary 42 46 64 38 49
Ukraine 43 44 28 56 51
Brazil 44 45 49 39 64
Viet Nam 45 41 38 67 31
Slovakia 46 49 92 27 52
Serbia 47 78 46 48 37
Indonesia 48 27 37 69 74
India 49 34 29 88 40
Oman 50 67 43 47 56
Bahrain 51 57 58 52 44
45
Detailed Results of NRI 2024

Economy NRI ranking Technology People Governance Impact

Costa Rica 52 70 57 57 29
Uruguay 53 66 45 55 43
Chile 54 69 54 40 61
Bulgaria 55 52 60 46 67
Greece 56 61 67 37 77
Romania 57 63 79 51 38
Turkiye 58 39 40 54 96
Croatia 59 74 68 43 68
Mauritius 60 76 51 62 47
Kazakhstan 61 81 53 53 66
Mexico 62 80 50 65 48
Philippines 63 79 33 74 58
Colombia 64 60 52 70 76
Montenegro 65 53 75 66 62
Armenia 66 51 81 80 42
Kuwait 67 68 70 71 50
Georgia 68 62 55 64 90
Argentina 69 77 85 58 59
Republic of Moldova 70 84 90 59 57
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Seychelles 71 50 77 82 70
South Africa 72 59 73 60 105
Kenya 73 73 89 68 82
Jordan 74 58 48 73 112
Azerbaijan 75 75 78 86 65
Morocco 76 64 72 83 99
North Macedonia 77 90 87 61 92
Panama 78 83 76 84 72
Iran (Islamic Republic of ) 79 54 47 81 120
Dominican Republic 80 91 65 78 80
Uzbekistan 81 72 91 90 85
Ecuador 82 89 63 92 75
Peru 83 99 56 77 87
Albania 84 96 62 87 71
Egypt 85 56 93 99 95
Kyrgyzstan 86 97 80 89 55
Ghana 87 87 82 79 97
Mongolia 88 88 96 63 109
Bangladesh 89 65 99 102 88
Bosnia and Herzegovina 90 102 83 72 94
Rwanda 91 93 88 76 98
Cote d’Ivoire 92 95 74 98 83
Jamaica 93 86 108 75 89
Paraguay 94 100 86 85 91
Sri Lanka 95 82 105 101 78
Tunisia 96 71 94 91 122
Pakistan 97 42 103 116 102
Cabo Verde 98 115 95 96 84
El Salvador 99 105 98 110 73
Algeria 100 85 71 109 119
Senegal 101 92 119 97 86
Bolivia (Plurinational State of ) 102 113 84 117 81
United Republic of Tanzania 103 104 102 103 103
46
 Economy NRI ranking Technology People Governance Impact
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of ) 104 106 110 105 101
Guatemala 105 110 106 107 100
Trinidad and Tobago 106 103 120 93 110
Honduras 107 114 114 108 79
Lao People’s Democratic Republic 108 101 101 129 63
Nepal 109 111 111 112 93
Cambodia 110 109 100 121 108
Benin 111 117 118 95 104
Nigeria 112 94 112 114 118
Cameroon 113 108 109 119 107
Botswana 114 118 107 94 123
Zambia 115 122 97 106 117
Nicaragua 116 129 115 124 41
Namibia 117 107 116 118 111
Uganda 118 119 124 100 113
Malawi 119 124 117 111 106
Mali 120 123 113 120 114
Zimbabwe 121 116 104 115 133
Ethiopia 122 98 126 130 115
Lesotho 123 128 121 104 132
Mauritania 124 112 123 127 126
Madagascar 125 130 122 113 125
Mozambique 126 126 128 123 121
Burkina Faso 127 132 132 122 116
Angola 128 121 125 125 129
Sierra Leone 129 120 133 128 124
Chad 130 133 130 126 130
Democratic Republic of the Congo 131 125 127 131 131
Burundi 132 131 129 133 127
Yemen 133 127 131 132 128

Source: Network Readiness Index Database, Portulans Institute, 2024.

47
Detailed Results of NRI 2024

Top 10 NRI performers

1
The United States defends its position as the global leader
in network readiness for the third consecutive year. It
excels in Technology (1st), showcasing top performance
in Internet access in schools, AI scientific publications,
Investment in emerging technologies, and computer
software spending. The United States exhibits remarkable
improvement in People (2nd), driven by outstanding
performance in annual investment in telecommunications
services (1st), public cloud computing market scale (1st),
Government promotion of investment in emerging
technologies (1st), plus R&D expenditure by government Photo by Srattha Nualsate
and higher education (3rd), and Mobile broadband Internet
traffic (3rd). In Governance (9th), the United States leads
globally in cybersecurity and E-commerce legislation and is
second in secure Internet servers. Yet, it has the opportunity
to improve privacy protection laws (78th) and enhance ICT

3
The Network Readiness Index 2024

regulatory environment (31st) and the Socioeconomic gap

in use of digital payments (35th). The United States has
notably improved its Impact (11th), with advancements
in good health and wellbeing (10th) and SDG 4: Quality Finland maintains its leadership in digital readiness
Education (17th). While progress is evident in healthy by retaining the 3rd global position. Its prominence is
life expectancy at birth (42nd), further enhancement supported by good performance in Technology (11th).
in this area remains an opportunity. Additional areas of The country’s focus on Future Technologies (9th) is evident
opportunity for the United States are Freedom to make Life from its rankings in the Adoption of Emerging Technologies
Choices (107th) and Income Inequality (92nd), important (7th) and Investments in Emerging Technologies (5th).
contributors to the overall quality of life. Finland has a strong performance in People (9th), with
commendable results in Governments (7th) and Businesses
(11th), and in particular in Firms with websites (1st) and

2 Government Online Services (2nd). Governance (4th) is

a strength for Finland, driven by E-commerce legislation
(1st), Regulation of Emerging Technologies (2nd), and
Singapore retains its position as a global leader in digital ICT Regulatory Environment (3rd). High Online Access to
readiness with a strong 2nd place. The country excels in Financial Accounts (3rd) points towards prevalent digital
Access (3rd) and the uptake of Future Technologies (2nd), literacy and financial inclusion across its population,
leading to a strong performance in Technology (6th). fostering greater economic resilience and connectivity.
Singapore has improved its performance in People (3rd), The economy is also the global leader in Impact (1st),
driven by the Number of Venture Capital Deals Invested in reflecting a well-rounded and progressive society. Finland
AI (1st), Government Online Services (5th), and Government excels in both ICT patent applications (1st) and ICT Services
Promotion of Emerging Technologies (3rd). Singapore’s Exports (6th), suggesting a dynamic and competitive digital
strong focus on Governance (8th) is evident through economy with a global reach. The country also ranks highly
its top scores in Cybersecurity (5th), the Regulation of in happiness (1st) and freedom to make life choices (4th)
Emerging Technologies (3rd), and E-Participation (3rd). metrics, underscoring a high quality of life and strong social
While these results may be capturing a well-regulated and values.
inclusive digital landscape, some areas still allow room for
improvement. These can be noted by Singapore’s reduced
performance in Impact (5th) and in areas such as Privacy
Protection by Law Content (95th). Other areas for potential
growth include Domestic Market Scale (37th), ICT Service
Exports (35th), and Women’s Economic Opportunity (74th).

48
4 6
Sweden maintains the 4th position in network readiness in The Netherlands maintains a strong position in network
2024. Its high ranking in Technology (7th) showcases its top readiness, ranking 6th globally. It demonstrates exceptional
strengths in Access (16th), in areas like Population Covered performance in Technology (3rd), showcasing strengths
by at least a 3G Mobile Network (1st) and Internet access in in Internet Domain Registrations (1st), and in Adoption
schools (1st). This is further strengthened by high output in and investment of Emerging Technologies, (6th and
GitHub Commits (6th) and Robot Density (6th), both linked 5th, respectively). However, the Netherlands shows
to the production of Content (9th). Sweden demonstrates opportunities in FTTH/Building Internet Subscriptions
solid performance when it comes to People (15th), with (54th) and Population Covered by at Least a 3G Mobile
notable achievements in ICT skills in the Education Network (60th). The Netherlands’ performance in People
System (6th) and Firms with Websites (8th). However, (20th), can be highlighted by notable outcomes in
its performance in Individuals (51st) may reveal areas of Businesses (17th) and Governments (19th). Strengths
opportunity. In Governments (6th), Sweden displays high include Firms with Website (9th) and Use of Virtual Social
performance in R&D Expenditure by Government and Networks (8th), while in Individuals (87th), opportunities
Higher Education (4th) and Government promotion of are noted in Mobile broadband internet traffic (47th). In
investment in emerging technologies (11th). Sweden’s Governance (3rd), the Netherlands excels across Trust (5th),
Impact (2nd) is particularly strong in SDG 5: Women’s Regulation (5th), and Inclusion (4th). In particular in Secure
Economic Opportunity (1st) and SDG 11: Sustainable Cities Internet Servers (3rd), Regulatory quality (7th), E-commerce
and Communities (3rd). The country also performs well in legislation (1st), the Availability of local online content
happiness (7th) and Freedom to make Life Choices (12th), (3rd), and E-Participation (5th). The country also shows
with both contributing to its high Quality of Life ranking strength in Online Access to Financial Account (10th) and
(5th). However, it shows potential for enhancement in the Internet Shopping (8th). On Impact (6th), the Netherlands
rankings for Domestic Market Scale (39th) and Income shows consistent strength, especially in Economy, where
Inequality (21st). it leads in Prevalence of Gig Economy (3rd). Quality of Life
(7th) Happiness (5th) and Income Inequality (4th) stand out
as strengths. In SDG Contribution (21st), the Netherlands

5 excels in Women’s Economic Opportunity (1st) and

performs in the top 20 in SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and
Communities (17th).
The Republic of Korea ranks 5th globally in 2024. In the
Technology Pillar (10th), it ranks top in Internet access
in schools, Robot Density, and Adoption of Emerging
Technologies. The Republic of Korea displays opportunities
in Mobile tariffs (74th) and Computer Software Spending
7
(64th). In People (1st), the Republic of Korea showcases Switzerland ranks 7th globally in network readiness. In
strengths across Individuals (1st), Businesses (2nd), and Technology (2nd), it excels in Future Technologies (3rd), and
Governments (1st). Other notable achievements include earns top rankings in Mobile Tariffs and Handset Prices. Yet
two indicators related to AI: AI Talent Concentration (1st), room for improvement is evident in FTTH/Building Internet
and the number of venture capital deals invested in AI. Subscriptions (82nd) and International Internet Bandwidth
Data capabilities (2nd), ICT Skills in the Education System (74th). Switzerland’s ranking in People (10th) reveals mixed
(10th), and Government Online Services (3rd) are additional results with strong performance in Businesses (10th), and in
examples of high performance. Governance (22nd) reveals particular areas like Firms with Websites (4th) and AI Talent
mixed results. On one hand it has strong performances Concentration (6th). Switzerland’s output in Governments
in Cybersecurity (5th), E-commerce legislation (1st), and (14th) stands out in R&D Expenditure by Governments
Internet Shopping (5th); on the other opportunities in ICT and Higher Education (7th). Despite the economy’s
Regulatory Environment (105th) and Privacy Protection strong position in ICT Skills in the Education System (5th),
by Law Content (61st). On Impact (13th), the Republic of Individuals (37th) reveal areas of opportunity especially in
Korea leads in ICT Patent Applications (1st) yet reflects Mobile broadband internet traffic (43rd). In Governance
opportunities for growth in Quality of Life indicators such as (13th), Switzerland excels in Regulation (3rd), setting a
Happiness (56th) and Freedom to Make Life Choices (87th). high standard in Privacy Protection by Law Content (4th).
The economy’s SDG contributions vary, with excellence in Similarly, Inclusion (14th), and particularly Availability of
Good Health and Well-Being (2nd) and Quality Education local online content (6th), are strong areas for Switzerland.
(4th), but room for improvement in Affordable and Clean However, Trust (31st), presents Cybersecurity (50th) as an
Energy (97th). area with margin for improvement for this economy. Impact
(10th) is consistently strong for Switzerland, with Economy
(15th) showing strength in ICT Patent Applications
(9th). Similarly, Quality of Life (13th) shows strengths in 49
Detailed Results of NRI 2024

Happiness (4th) and Healthy Life Expectancy at Birth (10th). (13th) and Trust (22nd), display top rankings in E-commerce
In SDG Contribution (7th), Switzerland excels in Good Legislation (1st) and Socioeconomic Gap in Use of Digital
Health and Well-Being (9th) and Sustainable Cities and Payments (2nd). In Inclusion (20th), Gender Gap in Internet
Communities (6th). Use (64th) is an opportunity for the country. Germany is
consistently strong in Impact (9th), with Economy (11th)
reflecting strength in Domestic Market Scale (5th) and ICT

8 patent applications (10th). Quality of Life (23rd) captures

among the top 25 Happiness (19th) and Healthy Life
Expectancy at Birth (25th). In SDG Contribution (9th),
The United Kingdom (UK) is the 8th network-ready Germany excels in Women’s Economic Opportunity (1st)
economy globally. In Technology (5th), the UK excels in and Good Health and Well-Being (5th) with Affordable and
Content (3rd) and Access (10th), with notable strengths clean energy (28th) closing into the top 25.
in International Internet Bandwidth (8th), AI scientific
publications (7th), and Internet Domain Registrations
(10th). However, within these two dimensions it displays
room for improvement in FTTH/Building Internet
Subscriptions (34th) and Mobile Tariffs (25th). When it
10
comes to People (7th), the UK shows varied results with Rounding up the Top 10 is Denmark showcasing digital
Businesses (4th) and Governments (4th) in the top 5 and prowess in all areas of network readiness. In Technology
Individuals (49th) nearing the top 50. These areas reflect (8th), Denmark excels in Internet Access in Schools (1st)
the favorable outcome in Public Cloud Computing Market and Population Covered by at Least a 3G Mobile Network
Scale (3rd) and Government Promotion of Emerging (1st), reflecting strong digital infrastructure. Denmark also
Technologies (7th). In Individuals (49th), Mobile broadband performs well in Content (8th) and Future Technologies
The Network Readiness Index 2024

internet traffic (17th) is the strongest area for this (10th), indicating a forward-looking approach to digital
economy. In Governance (14th), the UK’s strengths are in development. Yet, opportunities are noted in FTTH/
Inclusion (5th) and Regulation (25th), with top rankings Building Internet Subscriptions (71st) and International
in E-commerce legislation (1st) and socioeconomic gap Internet Bandwidth (85th). In People (18th) Denmark
in use of digital payments (5th). Trust (21st), presents shows mixed results across sub-pillars. In Businesses
opportunities for the UK in Online Access to Financial (14th) Firms with Website (5th) stand out, same applies to
Account (33rd) and Secure Internet servers (21st). The UK’s Government Online Services (4th) in Governments (18th).
performance in Impact (8th) is consistently strong, with Conversely, Individuals (78th), displays opportunities
Economy (12th) showing strengths in Prevalence of Gig in Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country
Economy (4th) and ICT Services Exports (27th). Happiness (44th). Denmark excels in Governance (1st) leading in
(25th) and Freedom to Make Life Choices (38th) provide Trust (1st) and particularly in Secure Internet Servers (1st),
clout to the UK’s Quality of Life (22nd). In SDG Contribution underscoring a strong cybersecurity and public confidence
(4th), the UK excels in Good Health and Well-Being (5th) in digital infrastructure. Regulation (7th) reflects efficient
and Quality Education (13th) with all SDG 5: Women’s Regulatory Quality (4th) and ICT Regulatory Environment
economic opportunity (15th), SDG 7: Affordable and (9th). Inclusion (11th) also displays strengths particularly in
Clean Energy (14th), and SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments (7th) and in
Communities (16th) among the global top 20. E-Participation (12th). In Impact (7th), Denmark displays top
Quality of Life (4th) and SDG Contribution (5th). In these
areas Denmark reflects high social wellness as noted by

9 Happiness (3rd), and strong commitment to sustainable

development goals, especially in Women’s Economic
Opportunity (1st). However, there is room for improvement
Germany is 9th globally in network readiness. In in ICT Services Exports (43rd), suggesting potential to
Technology (4th), Germany stands out in Content (4th) enhance economic diversification and export capabilities in
and in Future Technologies (7th), with strengths in AI the technology sector.
Scientific Publications (9th) and Robot Density (4th). Areas
of opportunity are noted here in FTTH/Building Internet
Subscriptions (38th) and Mobile Apps Development (48th).
This economy displays solid results across People (8th),
with noted performance in Businesses (6th), particularly
in Firms with Website (2nd), Public cloud market scale
(4th), and Annual Investment in Telecommunication
Services (6th). Individuals (20th) and Governments (15th),
respectively, reflect AI Talent Concentration (5th) and R&D
Expenditure by Governments and Higher Education (9th)
50 as advantages for Germany. Governance (16th), Regulation
 Digital Outperformance
In the lower middle-income group, nations like Vietnam (45th),
India (49th), and the Philippines (63rd) are making substantial

Across Income Groups

strides, narrowing the digital gap with innovative policies
and rapid adoption. African nations are well represented
in this category, with Kenya (73rd), Ghana (87th), and Côte
Digital readiness typically correlates with economic d’Ivoire (92nd) driving digital growth on the continent.
prosperity, as wealthier nations generally have the Pakistan (97th) and Kyrgyzstan (86th) add to this momentum,
resources to support advanced technological infrastructure. demonstrating that the ability to achieve more with less in
This trend is captured in Figure 1. Yet, each year brings digital advancement transcends regional boundaries.
surprising successes from low- and middle-income
countries that defy this trend. Rwanda (91st) and Malawi (119th) stand out within the
low-income category, serving as examples of how digital
China leads the pack among these outperformers, securing advancement is unfolding even in resource-constrained
the 17th place globally and highlighting its growing digital environments. Overall, these high-performing countries
influence. Other upper middle-income economies— are concentrated in Asia & Pacific and Africa, underscoring
Thailand (40th), Brazil (44th), and Indonesia (48th)—also the persistent technological momentum in these regions.
display strong digital capabilities, while Ukraine (43rd) This annual process of identifying top digital performers
holds its position as a noteworthy player, though its continues to highlight that digital readiness is achievable
assessed performance may still be affected by data lags. across diverse economic landscapes.

Figure 1 NRI scores and GDP per capita in PPP$ NRI 2024 (bubble size: population)

90

80
US
FI SG
KR SE
DE NL
GB CH
70 JP
CA
DK

AU NO
CN EE IL
FR AT IE
ES BE
NZ LU
CZ IT
AE
60 PT
PL HK
NRI Score

LT MT
MY
BR RU SI SA
UA VN ID TH LV QA
RS SK CY
CR HU
IN OM
CL RO BH
CO UY BG TR
50 PH
MD
MX
MU
GR HR
AM KW
KE JO ZA AZ IR GE ME KZ
AR
MA
GH BD EC MK DO SC
KG UZ MN AL
RW CI LK
JM PE EG BA
40 TZ
SN PK CV SV TN
BO
PY

NP VE DZ
BJ KH HN
GT BW TT
ZM LA
UG CM NI NA
ML NG
MW
ZW
30 MZ LS
ET
MG MR
AO
TD BF
SL
BI
CD YE
20

10
500 2,000 8,000 32,000 128,000

GDP per capita in PPP$ (natural logarithm)

High-income Upper middle income Lower middle income Low income

Notes:
1. GDP per capita is in PPP$ (natural logarithms). Both GDP per capita and population data (represented by the size of the bubbles) are for 2024 or the latest year available. The data are
drawn from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators database. The general trend line is a polynomial of degree two (R2 = 0.7959).
2. Countries are grouped according to the World Bank Income Classifications (20 June 2023) with the exception of Venezuela classified as an upper-middle income country until FY21.
3. Population for Sri Lanka for the year 2022.

51
Detailed Results of NRI 2024

Country/Economy codes for the chart

Code Economy Code Economy Code Economy

AL Albania GR Greece PK Pakistan
DZ Algeria GT Guatemala PA Panama
AO Angola HN Honduras PY Paraguay
AR Argentina HK Hong Kong, China PE Peru
AM Armenia HU Hungary PH Philippines
AU Australia IS Iceland PL Poland
AT Austria IN India PT Portugal
AZ Azerbaijan ID Indonesia QA Qatar
BH Bahrain IR Iran (Islamic Republic of ) KR Republic of Korea
BD Bangladesh IE Ireland MD Republic of Moldova
BE Belgium IL Israel RO Romania
BJ Benin IT Italy RU Russian Federation
BO Bolivia (Plurinational State of ) JM Jamaica RW Rwanda
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina JP Japan SA Saudi Arabia
BW Botswana JO Jordan SN Senegal
BR Brazil KZ Kazakhstan RS Serbia
BG Bulgaria KE Kenya SC Seychelles
BF Burkina Faso KW Kuwait SL Sierra Leone
The Network Readiness Index 2024

BI Burundi KG Kyrgyzstan SG Singapore

CV Cabo Verde LA Lao People's Democratic Republic SK Slovakia
KH Cambodia LV Latvia SI Slovenia
CM Cameroon LS Lesotho ZA South Africa
CA Canada LT Lithuania ES Spain
TD Chad LU Luxembourg LK Sri Lanka
CL Chile MG Madagascar SE Sweden
CN China MW Malawi CH Switzerland
CO Colombia MY Malaysia TH Thailand
CR Costa Rica ML Mali TT Trinidad and Tobago
CI Cote d'Ivoire MT Malta TN Tunisia
HR Croatia MR Mauritania TR Turkiye
CY Cyprus MU Mauritius UG Uganda
CZ Czechia MX Mexico UA Ukraine
CD Democratic Republic of the Congo MN Mongolia AE United Arab Emirates
DK Denmark ME Montenegro GB United Kingdom
DO Dominican Republic MA Morocco TZ United Republic of Tanzania
EC Ecuador MZ Mozambique US United States of America
EG Egypt NA Namibia UY Uruguay
SV El Salvador NP Nepal UZ Uzbekistan
EE Estonia NL Netherlands VE Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of )
ET Ethiopia NZ New Zealand VN Viet Nam
FI Finland NI Nicaragua YE Yemen
FR France NG Nigeria ZM Zambia
GE Georgia MK North Macedonia ZW Zimbabwe
DE Germany NO Norway ZW Zimbabwe
GH Ghana OM Oman

52
NRI Performances by
countries have prioritized digital education and mobile
connectivity, which are critical for creating economic

Income Group
growth and resilience. In the low-income category, Rwanda
(91st) stands out as an example that even resource-
constrained countries can make significant progress in
The NRI rankings reveal a strong correlation between network readiness.
income levels and digital readiness, with high-income
countries dominating the top positions. The United States, This data highlights a global trend: while wealthier
Singapore, and Finland all lead the rankings, showcasing countries are better positioned for digital advancement,
their advanced digital infrastructures and governance. strategic initiatives in middle- and low-income countries are
However, the presence of upper-middle-income countries enabling them to narrow the gap. The rankings underscore
like China (17th), Malaysia (36th), and Thailand (40th) in the importance of targeted investments and policies to
higher ranks demonstrates that factors beyond wealth bridge the digital divide and promote inclusive digital
contribute to digital preparedness. growth across all income groups. However, the persistent
lower rankings of most low-income nations emphasize
Lower-middle-income nations such as Vietnam (45th), the ongoing challenges they face in developing digital
India (49th), and the Philippines (63rd) show impressive infrastructure and attracting investment.
adaptability, often outperforming expectations. These

Figure 2 Box plot by income group

100

75
NRI core

50

25

High income Upper middle income Lower middle income Low income

Notes: The whiskers indicate minimum and maximum values, while the extremes of a box indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles. The line within a box represents the median (i.e. 50th
percentile) Source: Network Readiness Index Database, Portulans Institute, 2024.

Table 3 Top 3 countries by income group

High-income economies Upper middle-income economies Lower middle-income economies Low-income economies
1. United States of America (1) 1. China (17) 1. Viet Nam (45) 1. Rwanda (91)
2. Singapore (2) 2. Malaysia (36) 2. India (49) 2. Uganda (118)
3. Finland (3) 3. Thailand (40) 3. Philippines (63) 3. Malawi (119)

Note: Global ranks in parentheses.

Source: Network Readiness Index Database, Portulans Institute, 2024.

53
Detailed Results of NRI 2024

The Network Readiness Index (NRI) dataset comprises The country’s technological prowess is further highlighted
133 countries that are categorized by income level. This by its leadership in emerging technologies, ranking 3rd in
offering provides a comprehensive view of global digital Robot density and securing the top position in Domestic
readiness and infrastructure capabilities. The countries are market scale. China’s Public cloud computing market (2nd)
grouped into four income categories: 13 low-income, 32 and FTTH/building Internet subscriptions (1st) underscore
lower middle-income, 36 upper middle-income, and 52 its robust digital infrastructure development.
high-income nations.
However, China’s journey presents some contrasts. While
Low-income countries have NRI scores ranging from 20.24 to excelling in technological adoption and innovation,
43.16, with most falling below the 25th percentile mark of challenges persist in the area of digital Governance (36th),
39.36. Only one country slightly exceeds this percentile but particularly in Regulatory quality (93rd), ICT regulatory
remains below the median score. This pattern underscores environment (119th) and Privacy protection by law content
significant challenges in digital readiness, such as limited (123rd). The Impact (19th) pillar reveals strong performance
technology access and inadequate infrastructure. in Economy (7th), but low rankings in Quality-of-life metrics
(58th), indicating that there is room for improvement. The
Lower middle-income countries exhibit NRI scores between country’s digital inclusion efforts show mixed results, with
25.25 and 54.96. Many score between the 25th and 50th notable achievements in Availability of local online content
percentiles (39.36 to 47.05), indicating modest improvements (3rd). However, China faces challenges in Rural gap in use
over low-income nations but highlighting ongoing of digital payments (63rd) and Gender gap in Internet use
challenges. A few fall below the 25th percentile, while some (47th).
surpass the median, reflecting variability within this group.
Malaysia demonstrates a competitive position in network
Upper middle-income countries score from 33.50 to 68.70. readiness, ranking 36th globally in the NRI 2024. The
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The majority land between the 50th and 75th percentiles country’s performance reveals an interesting mix of
(47.05 to 59.75), signifying substantial digital development strengths and areas for improvement across different
and investment. While some score below the median and dimensions. Malaysia’s technological landscape shows
a few exceed the 75th percentile, this group generally particular strength in People (23rd), highlighting the
demonstrates significant progress toward advanced digital country’s success in digital adoption and human capital
readiness. development. The nation performs notably well in digital
readiness of Individuals (9th) and shows strong and digitally
High-income countries predominantly score between engaged Government (23rd).
51.96 and 78.96, with most exceeding the 75th percentile
of 59.75. Despite an outlier with a low score of 36.48, the The country exhibits impressive capabilities in specific
overall trend confirms that high-income nations lead in areas, ranking highly in E-commerce legislation (1st),
digital infrastructure and innovation support. Freedom to make life choices (1st), and Prevalence of gig
economy (6th). Malaysia’s leadership in Investment in
The data reinforces the strong correlation between emerging technologies (12th) reflect its commitment to
higher national income levels and elevated NRI scores. technological advancement. The nation also demonstrates
While exceptions exist due to factors like policy decisions, strength in Data Capabilities (8th) and Cybersecurity (8th).
geographic challenges, or socio-political conditions, However, Malaysia’s technology journey presents some
income level remains a key indicator of a country’s digital contrasts. While excelling in Government (23rd) digital
readiness and capacity for technological advancement. services, challenges exist in the Governance pillar (41st),
particularly in ICT regulatory environment (71st). The
The upper middle-income group of area of Impact (54th) shows mixed results, with stronger
countries is led by China (17th), followed performance in the overall impact of digital technologies
on Economy (31st) but room for improvement in Quality-of-
by Malaysia (36th) and Thailand (40th) life metrics (43rd).
China showcases remarkable progress in network readiness,
securing the 17th position globally in the NRI 2024, rising The country’s digital Inclusion (44th) efforts reveal varying
three positions from last year. The country’s technological success rates, with notable achievements in Government
landscape is particularly impressive, ranking 12th in the promotion of investment in emerging tech (15th). However,
Technology pillar, with outstanding achievements in Access it faces challenges in areas like Rural gas in use of digital
(1st) and AI scientific publications (1st). China’s digital payments (57th). This narrative reflects Malaysia’s position
transformation is evident in its strong performance in the as an emerging digital economy while highlighting
area of People (6th), demonstrating exceptional capabilities opportunities for further development in regulatory
in adoption of digital technologies by individuals (6th) and frameworks and digital equality.
Businesses (9th).

54
Thailand demonstrates solid digital competitiveness, Areas requiring attention include digital Inclusion (90th),
ranking 40th in the NRI 2024. The country shows particular and ICT regulatory environment (102nd). The country’s
strength in infrastructure development, ranking 10th strong showing in digitally engaged Governments (49th)
in FTTH/building Internet subscriptions and 11th in suggests effective digital transformation across sectors,
International Internet bandwidth. Thailand’s digital though regulatory frameworks need strengthening to
ecosystem benefits from strong Mobile broadband internet support sustainable digital development.
traffic within the country (8th). In the area of People (32nd),
Thailand shows robust performance in digital uptake, India demonstrates significant digital progress, ranking
specifically in Annual investment in telecommunication 49th globally with notable strengths in technological
services (25th) and Data Capabilities (27th). However, innovation and digital transformation. The country’s
challenges persist in Regulation (54th) of emerging outstanding performance in AI scientific publications
technologies and in digitization of Businesses (76th). (1st) and Domestic market scale (3rd) showcases its
technological capabilities. India ranks highly in Public cloud
The impact of technology on the country’s Economy (74th) computing (11th) and shows strong performance in the
suggests room for improvement in translating digital People pillar (29th), particularly in digitization of Businesses
capabilities into economic outcomes. The country shows (36th) and digitally skilled Individuals (17th). The country’s
promise in AI scientific publications (31st) and in Adoption emerging technologies sector is robust, with strong
of emerging technologies (28th) but needs to strengthen its Government promotion of investment in emerging tech
regulatory environment and digital governance structures. (42nd) and impressive Data Capabilities (31st).
Areas requiring attention include Privacy protection by law
content (77th), Cybersecurity (52nd), and Gender gap in However, India faces substantial challenges in digital
Internet use (65th). Thailand’s performance in Government inclusion (105th), particularly in Socioeconomic gap
online services (47) indicates effective digital transformation in use of digital payments (97th) and Gender gap in
in the public sector, though there’s potential for further Internet use (105th). The area of Regulation (79th) also
improvement in the area of SDG Contribution (95th). needs strengthening, especially when it comes to Privacy
protection by law content (104th) and E-commerce
The lower-middle income group is led legislation (87th). Despite these challenges, India’s digital
by Vietnam (45th), India (49th) and The economy shows promise with strong performance
in ICT services exports (1st). The country’s large-scale
Philippines (63rd). digital transformation initiatives and strong AI talent
Vietnam exhibits impressive digital development, securing concentration (1st) position it well for future digital growth.
the 45th position globally with consistent performance
across Technology (41st), People (38th) and Impact (31st). The Philippines shows encouraging digital development,
The country’s outstanding performance in the digital ranking 63rd globally with particular strength in the area
Economy (20th) is on the backdrop of a strong Domestic of People (33rd). The country demonstrates impressive
market scale (25th) and an impressive gig economy (22nd). performance in digital readiness of Individuals (7th) and
Vietnam also shows remarkable strength in Freedom to shows potential in the Investment in technologies (31st).
make life choices (3rd), resulting in a high performance in Notable achievements include performance in Gender gap
Quality of Life (27th). Nevertheless, there lies potential in in Internet use (5th), strong Mobile broadband internet
strengthening its SDG Contribution (58th). The country’s traffic within the country (18th) and ICR skills in the
People pillar performance (38th) reflects its leadership in education system (18th). The country also performs well in
widespread digitization within the Individuals (12th). ICT services exports (19th) and shows a growing Domestic
market scale (28th).
Vietnam’s technological infrastructure continues to
improve, with strong showings in FTTH/building Internet However, significant challenges exist in the area of digital
subscription (4th), Mobile apps development (7th) and Access (86th) and Regulation (85th). The Philippines
strength in international internet bandwidth (12th). displays room for improvement in affordability of Handset
However, significant challenges exist in Privacy protection prices (121st) and Number of venture capital deals invested
by law content (127th) and Regulation (101st), indicating in AI (77th). The country shows promise in AI scientific
a need for stronger digital governance structures. The publications (33rd) and Mobile app development (57th),
country’s performance in the Adoption of emerging but requires a stronger ICT regulatory environment (109th)
technologies (33rd) and Government promotion of and Secure Internet servers (101st). The country’s ranking
investment in emerging tech shows promise for future in Government online services (76th) reveals room for
growth. Vietnam’s digital economy benefits from robust improvement, while technology adoption by Businesses
mobile infrastructure and increasing digital service (53rd) metrics indicate growing digital maturity in the
adoption. private sector.

55
 The group of low-income economies is
Detailed Results of NRI 2024

shows mixed results in digital inclusion (108th), with

led by Rwanda (91st), Uganda (118th) balanced levels of Rural gap in use of digital payments
(71st) and weaker showings in Availability of local online
and Malawi (119th) content (128th).
Rwanda demonstrates a commitment to digital
transformation, despite ranking 91st globally. The Notable efforts in digitally connected Governments (107th)
country shows notable strength in Government online demonstrate commitment to digital transformation. However,
services (41st) and Government promotion of emerging significant challenges persist across all pillars, particularly in
technologies (23rd). Governance (76th) is a relatively digital infrastructure Access (124th) and Regulation (108th),
strong area for Rwanda, showing promising results in specifically in areas such as the overall Regulatory quality
Cybersecurity (65th) and Regulatory quality (62nd). It (113th). Other areas with significant potential for improvement
also boasts strong performance in the Number of venture include Prevalence of gig economy (123rd) and Use of virtual
capital deals invested in AI (8th) and Investment in social networks (129th) underscoring the need for building
emerging technologies (42nd). digital skills across the society.

However, significant challenges exist in the area of Overall, the country would benefit from substantial
Access (102nd) and digital inclusion (80th, particularly investment in digital infrastructure, skills development,
in Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments (120th) and regulatory frameworks. While showing potential in
and Availability of local online content (82nd) metrics. ICT services exports (9th) and Online Access to financial
Rwanda’s Government’s digital transformation initiatives account (80th), Malawi needs comprehensive digital
show commitment to improvement, with solid results in transformation strategies to improve its overall network
adoption of digital technologies by Governments (40th). readiness position.
The country’s mobile infrastructure and digital payment
The Network Readiness Index 2024

systems demonstrate potential, but broader digital

NRI Performances by
infrastructure development remains a priority, especially
when it comes to addressing Mobile broadband internet

Region
traffic within the country (107th) and Use of virtual social
networks (127th). Despite these challenges, Rwanda’s
strategic focus on digital transformation and strong
government support suggest positive future development. Figure 3 offers a comprehensive overview of NRI statistics
across six distinct regions: Africa, the Arab States, Asia
Uganda faces significant challenges in digital readiness, and the Pacific, the Commonwealth of Independent States
ranking 118th globally. The country shows some strength in (CIS), Europe, and the Americas. Within each region, a strong
Online access to financial accounts (67th), with promising correlation emerges between regional performance and the
results in Rural gap in use of digital payments (70th). prevalence of income groups.
Uganda demonstrates potential in growing Investment
in emerging technologies (75th) and Number of venture Europe stands out with a dominant position in the NRI
capital deals invested in AI (45th). However, major 2024, boasting an impressive average score of 60.84
challenges exist across multiple dimensions, including across 41 countries, the highest among all regions. This is
digital infrastructure Access (119th) and Regulation (97th), complemented by a high concentration of high-income
particularly with respect to Privacy protection by law economies. In stark contrast, Africa records the lowest scores,
content (112th). with an average score of 34.11. This region is characterized
by a significant concentration of lower-middle-income and
The country’s performance in affordability of Handset low-income economies, comprising 30 countries in total.
prices (125th) and Mobile tariffs (113th) indicates need
for substantial improvement. While International internet The Asia and the Pacific region, with an average score of
bandwidth (34th) shows promise, more comprehensive 54.25, consists of 21 economies with a mix of upper-middle,
digital development strategies are needed. Uganda’s lower-middle, and high-income countries, displaying
digital Inclusion (103rd) metrics suggest significant substantial performance variability as evidenced by a
divides, ranking 102th in Socioeconomic gap in use of standard deviation of 13.22. The Americas, comprising 22
digital payments and 123th in Availability of local digital economies, has an average score of 47.17 and also exhibits
content. The country requires focused investment in significant performance variation, reflecting diverse levels
digital infrastructure, skills development, and regulatory of digital readiness and capabilities across its member
frameworks to improve its digital readiness. economies.

Malawi faces considerable digital development challenges, The CIS region, made up of 6 economies, has a moderate
ranking 119th globally. It shows strength in digital Economy average score of 48.48 and the smallest performance
(63rd) and SDG Contribution (68th) metrics. The country variation among regions, with a standard deviation of 4.37.
56
 This stability indicates relatively consistent network readiness position globally, with several countries achieving high
within the region, albeit at a moderate level. ranks. Although Europe demonstrates impressive regional
performance, the top individual economies in the NRI
In summary, Africa (30 countries) and Europe (41 countries) rankings come from the Americas and Asia and the Pacific,
demonstrate less variation in NRI scores than Asia and reflecting exceptional digital readiness and innovation in
the Pacific or the Americas, likely due to the economic these regions. While these regions still show room for growth
characteristics within these regions. The high-income in broader network capabilities, their top performers set
concentration in Europe and the prevalence of lower-income a high benchmark. By following the successful models of
economies in Africa contribute significantly to this outcome. leading regions, others can further advance their network
These insights highlight the varying levels of digital readiness readiness and realize the benefits of the digital era.
and the impact of economic composition on network
capabilities across regions.Europe’s strong performance, Europe’s strong performance, especially among
especially among Northern and Western European countries, Northern and Western European countries, underscores
underscores its commitment to digital innovation and a its commitment to digital innovation and a conducive
conducive environment for digital development. The NRI environment for digital development.
2024 rankings reveal that Western Europe retains a leading

Figure 3 Box plot by region

100

75
NRI score

50

25

Africa Arab States Asia & Pacific CIS Europe The Americas

Note: The whiskers indicate minimum and maximum values, while the extremes of a box indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles. The line within a box represents the median (i.e. 50th
percentile)
Source: Network Readiness Index Database, Portulans Institute, 2024.

Table 4 Top 3 countries by region

Africa Arab States Asia & Pacific CIS Europe The Americas
1. Mauritius (60) 1. United Arab Emirates (28) 1. Singapore (2) 1. Russian Federation (41) 1. Finland (3) 1. United States of America (1)
2. Seychelles (71) 2. Saudi Arabia (35) 2. Republic of Korea (5) 2. Kazakhstan (61) 2. Sweden (4) 2. Canada (11)
3. South Africa (72) 3. Qatar (38) 3. Japan (12) 3. Armenia (66) 3. Netherlands (6) 3. Brazil (44)

Note: Global ranks in parentheses. CIS = Commonwealth of Independent States.

Source: Network Readiness Index Database, Portulans Institute, 2024.

57
Detailed Results of NRI 2024

Notable scores by
individual countries
Africa
Mauritius leads African nations in digital readiness, ranking
60th globally, demonstrating balanced performance across
multiple dimensions. The country shows particular strength
in the Impact (47th) and People (51st) pillars, with notable
achievements in digitally connected Businesses (23rd).
Mauritius performs well in Regulation (61st) of emerging
technologies, and excels in digital inclusion (60th),
especially with regards to addressing Socioeconomic Gap
in use of Digital Payments (49th) and Rural gap in use of
digital payments (43rd).

However, significant challenges exist in infrastructure

Access (67th) and digital Content (87th) metrics. Mauritius’s Photo by Marina Leonova

performance in Government (84th) digitalization

suggests room for improvement in public sector digital Ranked 72nd globally, South Africa displays a mixed
transformation. On the other hand, the country’s strong profile in digital readiness with notable strengths in the
The Network Readiness Index 2024

showing in Regulatory quality (27th) and Cybersecurity digitalization of Businesses (34th) and in the adoption
(23rd) provides a solid foundation for future digital growth. of Future Technologies (51st). South Africa’s results in
Notable strengths include performance in the area of Public cloud computing market scale (23rd) and Annual
SDG Contribution (23rd), particularly in SDG 7: Affordable investment in telecommunication services (24th) are
and Clean Energy provision (13th) and SDG 5: Women’s particularly impressive. It also demonstrates strength in
economic opportunity (46th). digitally advanced Business (34th) and Computer software
spending (28th), but encounters considerable hurdles in
Ranked 71st globally in the Network Readiness Index (NRI) the area of digital Inclusion (65th), specifically with regards
2024, Seychelles exhibits distinctive attributes in its digital to Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments (68th).
advancement. The nation excels in the Content sub-pillar,
securing the 17th position, and demonstrates strong Key achievements include progress in regulatory
performance in digitally advanced Businesses (33rd). As Regulation (55th) of emerging technologies and Investment
a small island country, it performs exceptionally well in in emerging technologies (40th). However, substantial
specific technological areas, achieving 2nd place in Mobile challenges persist in developing digital skills among
apps development. Individuals (105th) and enhancing Quality of Life (118th).

The country’s digital infrastructure benefits from robust South Africa’s position reflects its role as a regional leader
international connectivity, but faces challenges typical of in digital transformation, while also highlighting critical
small island states, such as Domestic Market Scale (133rd) areas that require attention to achieve inclusive digital
and ICT services exports (102nd). Notable successes include development.
a high number of Secure Internet Servers (13th) and robust
Regulatory quality (54th). Arab States
Significant obstacles remain in the adoption of Future The United Arab Emirates (UAE) demonstrates
Technologies (96th) and Computer Software spending impressive digital development, ranking 28th globally,
(96th). There is also room for improvement in the area with exceptional strengths in Access (4th) to digital
of digital Inclusion (112th), particularly when it comes infrastructure and Adoption of emerging technologies
to E-Participation (119th). However, the country’s (3rd). The country excels in Government promotion of
achievements in the Businesses sub-pillar (33rd) reflects emerging technologies (2nd) and shows remarkable
increasing digital maturity in the private sector. performance in developing ICT skills in the education
system (7th). The UAE’s digital infrastructure benefits from
affordable Mobile tariffs (10th), strong International internet
bandwidth (15th), and Handset prices (1st).

58
However, there is room for enhancing the availability of Supported by a strong financial position, the country
Content (63rd), especially when it comes to AI scientific continues to invest heavily in digital infrastructure, yet there
publications (73rd). Other opportunities for growth exist is room to enhance the adoption of digital technologies by
in Regulation (74th) and Impact (33rd) metrics. The UAE Businesses (70th) specifically with respect to the Annual
shows strength in the Quality-of-Life sub-pillar (17th) and investment in telecommunications services (60th). Qatar’s
performs well in areas such as Prevalence of gig economy performance in innovation metrics such as ICT services
(11th) and SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being (27th). The exports (80th) indicates potential for future growth,
country’s strategic focus on emerging technologies and bolstered by substantial government initiatives aimed at
innovation positions it well for future digital growth. digital transformation.

Positioned at 35th globally, Saudi Arabia exhibits robust Asia & Pacific
digital development with notable strengths in Access
(22nd) and Future technologies (14th) dimensions. The Find a detailed review of Republic of Korea’s NRI 2024
nation excels in digitally connected Governments (26th) performance in the Top 10 NRI performers section.
and demonstrates an impressive level of Adoption
of emerging technologies (8th). Significant Annual Find a detailed review of Singapore’s NRI 2024 performance
investments in telecommunications services (17th) and in the Top 10 NRI performers section.
balanced Regulation of emerging technologies (18th),
underpin the country’s digital transformation efforts. Saudi Japan is ranked 12th globally in the Network Readiness
Arabia also ranks highly in Prevalence of gig economy (5th) Index, maintaining a strong position in digital readiness
and international internet bandwidth (9th). `` with exceptional performance in technology adoption and
innovation metrics. The country demonstrates significant
Despite these advances, challenges persist in Regulation strength in having digitally skilled People(4th), evidenced
(91st) and inclusion (30th) metrics, particularly concerning by impressive showings in digitally connected Individuals
E-Participation (43rd) and the Socioeconomic gap in use (3rd) and Businesses (8th), underscoring its tight focus on
of digital payments (60th). While the Economy (29th) Pillar ICT skills in the education system (14th).
indicators reflect the success of its digital initiatives, there
is still room for improvement in areas such as ICT services Japan excels in technological infrastructure and innovation,
exports (40th). ranking highly in areas such as Mobile broadband internet
traffic (7th), Public cloud computing market scale (5th),
Saudi Arabia’s solid financial foundation allows for Robot density (5th) and AI scientific publications (11th).
continued investment in digital infrastructure and These are supported by strong performance metrics in
services, as evidenced by its ranking in Annual investment Regulatory quality (17th) and Cybersecurity (12th). The
in telecommunication services (31st) and Public cloud country also performs well when it comes to the impact
computing market scale (32nd), positioning the country of digital transformation on its Economy (10th), with
favorably for future digital expansion. particularly strong showings in Domestic market scale (4th).

Occupying the 38th spot globally, Qatar exhibits strong However, some challenges exist in the area of digital
digital advancement with significant strengths in Access Inclusion (7th), particularly visible in Gender gap in Internet
(34th) and Future technologies (13th) dimensions. The use (82nd) and Rural gap in use of digital payments (41st).
country ranks particularly high in having digitally ready
Individuals (8th). Qatar demonstrates impressive results Other areas for improvement include challenges in
in sustained Investment (17th) and Adoption (19th) of establishing Trust (40th) in digital technologies, reflected
emerging technologies supported by impressive showings in poor showings in Online access to financial accounts
in Government promotion of investment in emerging (61st) and relatively low levels of Internet shopping (32nd).
tech (8th). Despite these challenges, Japan’s overall performance
demonstrates its continued commitment to digital
Despite these strengths, challenges remain in the area advancement and innovation.
of digital Inclusion (63rd), specifically in areas such as
E-Participation (89th). Availability of digital Content (96th) CIS
also displays room for improvement, particularly when it
comes to AI scientific publications (100) and Mobile apps The Russian Federation demonstrates strong technological
development (81st). capabilities, ranking 41st globally with notable strengths
in the People pillar (22nd), with particularly impressive
results in having digitally skilled Individuals (5th).
The country demonstrates strong performance in AI
scientific publications (10th), Annual investment in
telecommunication services (11th), and in International
59
Detailed Results of NRI 2024

Internet bandwidth (17th). Russia also ranks high in Adult (81st) particularly in the are of Annual investment in
literacy rate (3rd) Mobile broadband internet traffic (4th), as telecommunication services (109th).
well as in Investment in emerging technologies (47th).
Armenia’s standing reflects its emerging role in regional
However, significant challenges exist in the Regulation digital development while highlighting areas that require
(112th) space, with overall weak Regulatory quality (125th) focus for comprehensive digital growth.
and ICT regulatory environment (124th). There’s significant
room for improvement in the area of Future technologies Europe
(104th), specifically when it comes to Computer software
spending (60th). However, Russia’s digital economy benefits Finland (3rd), Sweden (4th) and the Netherlands (6th) are
from its domestic market scale (6th) and strong technical the top three performers in the region of Europe. Detailed
talent pool, though governance issues and international remarks about each country can be found in the Top 10
digital integration remain areas for improvement. NRI performers section. In this section, we focus on other
European countries that are not in the Top 10
Kazakhstan ranks 61st globally, showing moderate
progress in digital development with particular strengths Norway demonstrates exceptional performance in the
in Government online services (8th) and affordability of Network Readiness Index 2024, ranking 14th globally. The
Mobile Tariffs (17th). The nation displays promise in the country shows particular strength in the Governance pillar
area of digital inclusion (39th), specifically in metrics such (2nd), with outstanding performance in metrics such as
as E-Participation (15th) and Socioeconomic gap in use Trust (2nd) and Regulation (2nd). This is evidenced by high
of digital payments (9th). Kazakhstan’s ICT infrastructure rankings in the ICT regulatory environment (11th) and
presents a mixed picture, as its strong performance in Privacy protection by law content (6th). In the Technology
International Internet bandwidth (30th) is slightly offset pillar (15th), Norway maintains solid performance across all
The Network Readiness Index 2024

by weaker showings in Population coverage of 3G mobile sub-pillars, with notable achievements in Internet access in
network (89th) and Handset prices (62nd). schools (1st), affordable Mobile tariffs (12th) and Handset
prices (13th).
While Kazakhstan has strong Cybersecurity (38th)
frameworks, it faces significant challenges in Privacy Norway’s performance in the People pillar (17th) reflects
protection by law content (119th) and overall ICT regulatory strong digital adoption across society, particularly in having
environment (129th). digitally engaged Government (12th) and Businesses
(22nd). When it comes to the Impact (20th) of digital
The country’s digital economy benefits from having a technologies, Norway demonstrates strong performance
digitally engaged Government (36th), but requires more in Quality of Life metrics (3rd), particularly in Freedom to
focus on increasing digitalization of Businesses (99th). make life choices (7th) and Happiness (6th) indicators.
Overall, Kazakhstan’s Performance in the NRI 2024 suggests
potential for growth, bolstered by strategic national However, there’s room for improvement in areas that
digitalization plans. impact the economy (67th), such as Domestic market scale
(50th) and ICT services exports (66th). Overall, Norway’s
Ranking 66th globally, Armenia exhibits promising digital performance reflects its well-developed digital ecosystem,
development with notable strengths in areas such as particularly in governance and regulatory frameworks,
Mobile apps development (31st) and addressing Gender while suggesting opportunities for enhancement in
gap in Internet use (4th). The country shows promising economic impact and certain technological infrastructure
results in Regulation of emerging technologies (42nd), metrics.
which are somewhat offset by metrics such as Cybersecurity
(94th) and Online access to financial accounts (87th). France maintains a strong position in the Network
Armenia ranks well when it comes to the Impact (42nd) of Readiness Index, ranking 16th globally. The country
emerging technologies on Economy (42nd), demonstrated demonstrates solid performance across all pillars, with
by strong showings in ICT service exports (8th). particular strengths in the area of Technology (13th)
adoption, particularly by People (14th), and overall positive
However, it has potential to enhance adoption of digital Impact (18th) of digital transformation on its economy and
technologies by Governments (89th), particularly when it society. In the area of technology, France shows notable
comes to its Data Capabilities (79th) and R&D expenditure achievements in Access (6th) to digital services, excelling
by governments and higher education in tech (89th). The in affordable Mobile tariffs (28th) and Handset prices (8th).
country’s results in Government online services (63rd) and The country exhibits strong capabilities in generating
E-Participation metrics (64th) indicate a commitment to digital Content (14th), such as AI scientific publications
digital transformation, though enhancements are needed (17th) and Mobile apps development (20th).
when it comes to adoption of technology by Businesses

60
The area of people highlights France’s balanced digital The Americas
development, with strong showings in Business (12th)
and Government (9th) adoption of digital technologies Find a detailed review of USA’s NRI 2024 performance in the
to enhance their service delivery. The country ranks Top 10 NRI performers section.
particularly well in Public cloud computing market scale
(6th) and Government promotion of emerging technologies Holding the 11th position globally, Canada maintains
(16th). In the Governance pillar (25th), France maintains a strong stance in digital readiness with balanced
solid performance across Trust (34th), Regulation (15th), achievements across all four pillars. The country
and Inclusion (23rd) sub-pillars, showing particular strength demonstrates exceptional strength in the adoption of
in the ICT regulatory environment (7th) and Cybersecurity emerging technologies by Businesses (3rd), generation of
(14th) levels. high-quality digital Content (6th) and performs robustly
in adoption and investment in Future technologies (12th).
The area of Impact (18th) demonstrates France’s success in While Canada’s digital infrastructure is highly developed,
translating digital capabilities into societal benefits, with there is potential for improvement in the area of Access
particularly strong showings in the impact on Economy (33rd) where strong showings in affordable Handset
(18th) and SDG contribution metrics (13th), though there’s prices (14th) are slightly offset by relatively low rankings in
room for improvement in areas such as Freedom to make Mobile Tariffs (53rd) and Population coverage by 3G (45th).
life choices (83rd) and SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy Canada’s noteworthy accomplishments include strong
(44th). standings in the Governance space (12th), with particularly
impressive levels of Cybersecurity (13th) and Regulatory
Estonia demonstrates strong digital performance, ranking quality (9th) effectively translating to high levels of Trust
18th globally in the NRI 2024. The country shows particular (11th) in digital technologies.
excellence in emerging technology Governance (5th),
with outstanding achievements across the areas of Trust Canada also excels in the area of digital Inclusion (12th)
(8th), Regulation (9th), and digital Inclusion (3rd). In the particularly with respect to E-Participation (14th) and
Technology pillar (32nd), Estonia shows notable strength addressing Rural gap in use of digital payments (12th).
in Internet access in schools (1st) and Mobile apps However, indicators such as Gender gap in Internet use
development (6th). The country performs particularly well (50th) and Freedom to make life choices (60th) display
in digital Content metrics (21st), ranking 10th in GitHub some room for improvement. Overall, the nation’s
commits and 26th in Internet domain registrations. comprehensive approach to digital development is evident
through its strong results in government services, business
Estonia’s performance in the People pillar (13th) reflects adoption, and individual digital readiness.
its successful digital transformation, with strong
showings in digitally engaged Governments (10th) and Positioned at 44th globally, Brazil demonstrates moderate
Businesses (20th). The country ranks high in several key digital development, with consistent showings across
metrics, including Government online services (1st) and all four sub-pillars. The country boasts notable strengths
E-Participation (3rd) and overall Data Capabilities (1st), in the People pillar (49th), where balanced showings in
demonstrating its global leadership in e-governance. digitally engaged Governments (47th) and Businesses
In the Impact pillar (21st), Estonia shows balanced (37th) are somewhat offset by weaker results in adoption
performance across economic impact (25th) quality of digital technologies by Individuals (83rd). Brazil exhibits
of life (24th) and SDG Contribution (16th) metrics. The impressive performance in domestic market scale (8th) and
country particularly excels in digital inclusion indicators E-participation (11th). It ranks notably high in Government
demonstrating low Socioeconomic gap in use of digital online services (14th) but lags in the Government
payments (13th) and Gender gap in Internet use (13th). promotion of emerging technologies (82nd).
More can be done, however, when it comes to increasing
its Computer software spending (92nd) and investing in Certain challenges remain in digital infrastructure Access
telecommunication services (95th). (57th), where Population coverage by at least a 3G mobile
network (102nd) requires particular attention. The area
Estonia’s overall performance reflects its position as a digital of digital Inclusion (21st) shows significant promise, with
leader, particularly in e-governance and digital public Brazil demonstrating strong efforts in closing Gender
services, while showing room for improvement in certain gap in Internet use (8th) and addressing Rural gaps in
technological infrastructure metrics. use of digital payments (25th). Brazil’s size and market
potential support its digital transformation efforts, while
the regulatory quality (84th) and ICT skills development in
the education system (106th) continue to be areas where
progress is necessary.

61
Detailed Results of NRI 2024

Outstanding pillar
performance among
middle- and low-
income economies
Several middle-and low-income economies have
exceeded expected performance across one or more of
the foundational pillars in the NRI, reflecting capabilities in
digital readiness that align with higher-ranking countries.
These economies achieve scores above projections for
their income levels across key areas of Technology, People,
Governance, and Impact.

China, Ukraine, Vietnam, and Kenya each perform across all

four pillars, leading within their respective income groups.
Africa has the highest number of economies (20) surpassing Photo by Jose Ángel Ruiz Olivaresclouds-on-smartphone-screen-13586581/

expectations in at least one pillar, with 14 countries

performing well in Governance. Rwanda and Kenya excel The CIS region includes three economies exceeding
across all four dimensions, while Ghana, Malawi, Zimbabwe, expectations, with Kyrgyzstan demonstrating high
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Senegal, Tanzania, and Burundi demonstrate strength in performance in three pillars, People, Governance, and
three pillars. Impact. In this region, Armenia stands out in Technology
and Impact, while Uzbekistan shows outperformance in
In the Asia & Pacific region, 13 economies have exceeded Technology. In Europe, Ukraine performs across all four
expectations, with 8 demonstrating particular strength pillars, with Serbia showing strengths in Governance and
in Technology. China and Vietnam perform across all Impact and Moldova in Governance.
four pillars, while Thailand and India follow closely with
performance across three pillars. The Arab States include four economies with strong
digital performance, with Morocco and Jordan exceeding
In the Americas, five economies show high performance expectations in Technology and People.
in digital readiness, with Brazil excelling in Technology
and Governance, and Costa Rica, Honduras, and Nicaragua The lower middle-income group contains 24 economies
showing strong results in Impact. surpassing expectations in one or more pillars. Additionally,
14 upper middle-income and 10 low-income economies
also show strong performance across one or more
dimensions, indicating that digital advancement is present
across a range of income levels.

Qatar exhibits strong digital These findings suggest that while higher income levels
often correlate with broader digital readiness, economies
advancement with significant across various income brackets are making measurable
strengths in Access (34th) and progress. The data indicates that regions like Africa and Asia
Future technologies (13th) & Pacific, in particular, are home to numerous economies
that are leveraging targeted digital strategies to advance
dimensions. The country ranks in specific pillars. This distribution of outperformers across
particularly high in having income groups and regions highlights a potential for
continued digital growth and resilience, even in resource-
digitally ready Individuals (8th). constrained contexts.

62
Table 5 Middle- and low-income economies with outstanding pillar performance by region, income group, and pillar

Region Economy Income Technology People Governance Impact

Africa Kenya Lower middle income ● ● ● ●
Rwanda Low income ● ● ● ●
Ghana Lower middle income ● ● ●
Senegal Lower middle income ● ● ●

United Republic of Tanzania Lower middle income ● ● ●

Zimbabwe Lower middle income ● ● ●

Malawi Low income ● ● ●

Burundi Low income ● ● ●
South Africa Upper middle income ● ●
Zambia Lower middle income ● ●
Cote d'Ivoire Lower middle income ●
Benin Lower middle income ●
Lesotho Lower middle income ●
Uganda Low income ●
Mali Low income ●
Ethiopia Low income ●
Mozambique Low income ●
Madagascar Low income ●
Sierra Leone Low income ●
Democratic Republic of the Congo Low income ●

Asia & Pacific China Upper middle income ● ● ● ●

Viet Nam Lower middle income ● ● ● ●
Thailand Upper middle income ● ● ●
India Lower middle income ● ● ●
Indonesia Upper middle income ● ●
Philippines Lower middle income ● ●
Malaysia Upper middle income ●
Iran (Islamic Republic of ) Upper middle income ●
Mongolia Upper middle income ●
Bangladesh Lower middle income ●
Pakistan Lower middle income ●
Nepal Lower middle income ●
Lao People's Democratic Republic Lower middle income ●

The Americas Brazil Upper middle income ● ●

Costa Rica Upper middle income ●
Ecuador Upper middle income ●
Honduras Lower middle income ●
Nicaragua Lower middle income ●

Arab States Morocco Lower middle income ● ●

Jordan Lower middle income ● ●
Egypt Lower middle income ●
Tunisia Lower middle income ●

CIS Kyrgyzstan Lower middle income ● ● ●

Armenia Upper middle income ● ●
Uzbekistan Lower middle income ●

Europe Ukraine Upper middle income ● ● ● ●

Serbia Upper middle income ● ●
Republic of Moldova Upper middle income ●

Source: Network Readiness Index Database, Portulans Institute, 2024.

63
64
The Network Readiness Index 2024 Country/Economy
Annex 1: PillarProfiles
Tables

Annex 1:
Pillar Tables
Table A-1.1 Rankings in the Technology pillar and associated sub-pillars

PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy Technology Access Content Future Technologies

United States of America 1 2 1 1

Switzerland 2 8 5 3

Netherlands 3 23 2 6

Germany 4 25 4 7

United Kingdom 5 10 3 16

Singapore 6 3 15 2

Sweden 7 16 9 4

Denmark 8 15 8 10

Canada 9 33 6 12

Republic of Korea 10 14 18 5

Finland 11 19 12 9

China 12 1 16 26

France 13 6 14 19

Japan 14 7 32 11

Norway 15 13 10 22

Luxembourg 16 18 20 15

Hong Kong, China 17 5 34 18

Belgium 18 26 26 17

Australia 19 12 11 39

Austria 20 40 22 20

United Arab Emirates 21 4 63 8

Iceland 22 54 7 35

Spain 23 11 29 29

Italy 24 35 30 25

Portugal 25 28 25 28

Czechia 26 29 23 36

Indonesia 27 20 35 38

Israel 28 44 19 43

New Zealand 29 49 28 32

Ireland 30 60 36 21

Saudi Arabia 31 22 79 14

Estonia 32 37 21 56

Slovenia 33 24 44 41

India 34 41 33 52

65
Detailed Results of NRI 2024

PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy Technology Access Content Future Technologies

Qatar 35 34 96 13

Lithuania 36 21 43 54

Poland 37 17 39 66

Malta 38 70 40 30

Turkiye 39 9 46 72

Malaysia 40 42 61 33

Viet Nam 41 32 42 68

Pakistan 42 100 31 23

Cyprus 43 52 27 81

Ukraine 44 69 41 40

Brazil 45 57 24 75

Hungary 46 31 47 67

Russian Federation 47 30 37 104

The Network Readiness Index 2024

Thailand 48 36 69 47

Slovakia 49 27 53 74

Seychelles 50 78 17 96

Armenia 51 55 59 45

Bulgaria 52 43 50 69

Montenegro 53 93 13 90

Iran (Islamic Republic of ) 54 104 38 24

Latvia 55 47 45 92

Egypt 56 38 55 83

Bahrain 57 51 94 37

Jordan 58 88 65 27

South Africa 59 66 57 51

Colombia 60 59 66 50

Greece 61 68 52 62

Georgia 62 46 60 73

Romania 63 45 58 78

Morocco 64 72 51 58

Bangladesh 65 62 48 77

Uruguay 66 58 62 61

Oman 67 50 95 48

Kuwait 68 53 91 46

66
 PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy Technology Access Content Future Technologies

Chile 69 65 74 53

Costa Rica 70 79 88 34

Tunisia 71 71 77 49

Uzbekistan 72 63 78 63

Kenya 73 82 83 42

Croatia 74 48 54 108

Azerbaijan 75 64 93 64

Mauritius 76 67 87 71

Argentina 77 74 70 79

Serbia 78 61 56 103

Philippines 79 86 72 60

Mexico 80 75 68 88

Kazakhstan 81 56 85 100

Sri Lanka 82 99 82 44

Panama 83 91 76 70

Republic of Moldova 84 39 71 129

Algeria 85 80 81 94

Jamaica 86 87 108 59

Ghana 87 84 97 76

Mongolia 88 73 100 95

Ecuador 89 92 86 85

North Macedonia 90 76 75 117

Dominican Republic 91 81 106 101

Senegal 92 98 117 57

Rwanda 93 102 105 55

Nigeria 94 110 49 99

Cote d’Ivoire 95 94 118 84

Albania 96 77 98 123

Kyrgyzstan 97 89 90 115

Ethiopia 98 96 64 126

Peru 99 101 84 105

Paraguay 100 85 102 119

Lao People’s Democratic Republic 101 105 129 31

Bosnia and Herzegovina 102 90 101 121

67
Detailed Results of NRI 2024

PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy Technology Access Content Future Technologies

Trinidad and Tobago 103 83 121 111

United Republic of Tanzania 104 109 103 82

El Salvador 105 97 109 114

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of ) 106 103 107 98

Namibia 107 112 67 109

Cameroon 108 115 92 80

Cambodia 109 106 89 106

Guatemala 110 111 115 86

Nepal 111 118 73 107

Mauritania 112 121 119 65

Bolivia (Plurinational State of ) 113 107 111 110

Honduras 114 116 113 91

Cabo Verde 115 108 126 89

The Network Readiness Index 2024

Zimbabwe 116 120 104 102

Benin 117 122 116 87

Botswana 118 95 125 127

Uganda 119 119 99 118

Sierra Leone 120 113 112 113

Angola 121 117 120 131

Zambia 122 114 127 122

Mali 123 127 132 93

Malawi 124 124 124 116

Democratic Republic of the Congo 125 129 128 97

Mozambique 126 123 123 128

Yemen 127 130 80 132

Lesotho 128 126 131 124

Nicaragua 129 125 122 133

Madagascar 130 128 130 120

Burundi 131 132 110 125

Burkina Faso 132 131 114 130

Chad 133 133 133 112

Source: Network Readiness Index Database, Portulans Institute, 2024.

68
Table A-1.2 Rankings in the People pillar and associated sub-pillars

PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy People Individuals Businesses Governments

Republic of Korea 1 1 2 1

United States of America 2 18 1 2

Singapore 3 10 5 3

Japan 4 3 8 13

Israel 5 11 7 5

China 6 6 9 22

United Kingdom 7 49 4 4

Germany 8 20 6 15

Finland 9 27 11 7

Switzerland 10 37 10 14

Canada 11 53 3 17

United Arab Emirates 12 2 61 11

Estonia 13 35 20 10

France 14 44 12 9

Sweden 15 51 19 6

Australia 16 69 13 8

Norway 17 74 22 12

Denmark 18 78 14 18

Spain 19 28 21 27

Netherlands 20 87 17 19

Italy 21 30 26 25

Russian Federation 22 5 44 41

Malaysia 23 9 78 23

Iceland 24 96 15 21

Austria 25 60 27 24

Belgium 26 99 24 16

New Zealand 27 101 25 20

Ukraine 28 4 69 57

India 29 17 36 48

Saudi Arabia 30 15 87 26

Qatar 31 8 70 39

Thailand 32 13 76 32

Philippines 33 7 53 61

Czechia 34 90 16 37

69
Annex 1: Pillar Tables

PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy People Individuals Businesses Governments

Ireland 35 70 31 33

Hong Kong, China 36 25 28 73

Indonesia 37 29 72 28

Viet Nam 38 12 93 49

Poland 39 33 39 50

Turkiye 40 38 56 34

Lithuania 41 43 51 35

Portugal 42 45 45 38

Oman 43 16 85 59

Malta 44 42 58 42

Uruguay 45 23 75 45

Serbia 46 36 50 55

Iran (Islamic Republic of ) 47 39 18 104

The Network Readiness Index 2024

Jordan 48 21 71 58

Brazil 49 83 37 47

Mexico 50 64 30 72

Mauritius 51 75 23 84

Colombia 52 63 52 46

Kazakhstan 53 34 99 36

Chile 54 57 38 66

Georgia 55 32 68 64

Peru 56 26 41 86

Costa Rica 57 22 47 87

Bahrain 58 14 115 68

Slovenia 59 95 59 31

Bulgaria 60 50 88 43

Latvia 61 68 60 53

Albania 62 81 86 29

Ecuador 63 66 32 90

Hungary 64 65 62 60

Dominican Republic 65 59 80 54

Luxembourg 66 114 40 30

Greece 67 88 67 44

Croatia 68 77 63 63

70
 PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy People Individuals Businesses Governments

Cyprus 69 40 83 77

Kuwait 70 19 102 88

Algeria 71 47 42 99

Morocco 72 54 66 83

South Africa 73 105 34 78

Cote d’Ivoire 74 80 54 81

Montenegro 75 46 55 98

Panama 76 31 92 92

Seychelles 77 61 33 115

Azerbaijan 78 48 49 100

Romania 79 62 95 69

Kyrgyzstan 80 58 57 96

Armenia 81 55 81 89

Ghana 82 102 79 52

Bosnia and Herzegovina 83 67 35 116

Bolivia (Plurinational State of ) 84 24 77 108

Argentina 85 107 43 67

Paraguay 86 92 29 109

North Macedonia 87 91 74 70

Rwanda 88 109 82 40

Kenya 89 89 89 65

Republic of Moldova 90 73 100 75

Uzbekistan 91 72 101 74

Slovakia 92 112 64 56

Egypt 93 84 90 79

Tunisia 94 56 94 97

Cabo Verde 95 82 124 51

Mongolia 96 52 109 93

Zambia 97 104 73 76

El Salvador 98 86 46 110

Bangladesh 99 93 121 71

Cambodia 100 41 97 123

Lao People’s Democratic Republic 101 76 131 62

United Republic of Tanzania 102 108 106 80

71
Annex 1: Pillar Tables

PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy People Individuals Businesses Governments

Pakistan 103 100 91 106

Zimbabwe 104 103 103 94

Sri Lanka 105 79 118 105

Guatemala 106 94 84 121

Botswana 107 85 104 120

Jamaica 108 115 117 82

Cameroon 109 111 119 91

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of ) 110 71 116 126

Nepal 111 110 108 103

Nigeria 112 119 113 85

Mali 113 127 48 102

Honduras 114 98 96 130

Nicaragua 115 97 126 112

The Network Readiness Index 2024

Namibia 116 106 120 119

Malawi 117 117 114 107

Benin 118 125 111 95

Senegal 119 113 122 113

Trinidad and Tobago 120 123 98 114

Lesotho 121 116 112 124

Madagascar 122 121 123 127

Mauritania 123 122 65 133

Uganda 124 120 132 101

Angola 125 126 110 129

Ethiopia 126 129 107 122

Democratic Republic of the Congo 127 118 125 132

Mozambique 128 128 105 131

Burundi 129 124 129 125

Chad 130 130 127 118

Yemen 131 131 130 111

Burkina Faso 132 133 128 117

Sierra Leone 133 132 133 128

Source: Network Readiness Index Database, Portulans Institute, 2024.

72
Table A-1.3 Rankings in the Governance pillar and associated sub-pillars

PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy Governance Trust Regulation Inclusion

Denmark 1 1 7 11

Norway 2 2 2 22

Netherlands 3 5 5 4

Finland 4 4 4 6

Estonia 5 8 9 3

Sweden 6 3 6 10

Australia 7 7 10 8

Singapore 8 16 12 1

United States of America 9 6 19 9

New Zealand 10 12 18 2

Luxembourg 11 20 1 17

Canada 12 11 11 12

Switzerland 13 31 3 14

United Kingdom 14 21 25 5

Austria 15 25 14 16

Germany 16 22 13 20

Lithuania 17 24 8 25

Iceland 18 10 35 13

Czechia 19 15 16 32

Latvia 20 19 20 27

Belgium 21 13 22 38

Republic of Korea 22 9 41 18

Ireland 23 14 28 28

Spain 24 26 26 15

France 25 34 15 23

Japan 26 40 24 7

Slovakia 27 18 30 43

Italy 28 30 27 29

Israel 29 36 21 26

Portugal 30 43 17 34

Slovenia 31 39 23 35

Poland 32 17 50 41

Malta 33 38 29 31

Hong Kong, China 34 27 71 24

73
Annex 1: Pillar Tables

PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy Governance Trust Regulation Inclusion

Cyprus 35 37 40 37

China 36 23 88 19

Greece 37 28 44 52

Hungary 38 29 38 57

Brazil 39 50 49 21

Chile 40 46 36 46

Malaysia 41 42 48 44

Thailand 42 44 54 36

Croatia 43 45 39 48

Saudi Arabia 44 32 91 30

Qatar 45 35 47 63

Bulgaria 46 53 32 51

Oman 47 41 82 45
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Serbia 48 56 46 42

Russian Federation 49 33 112 40

United Arab Emirates 50 54 74 33

Romania 51 52 43 62

Bahrain 52 63 42 47

Kazakhstan 53 47 106 39

Turkiye 54 49 77 56

Uruguay 55 57 34 71

Ukraine 56 51 78 61

Costa Rica 57 64 33 73

Argentina 58 67 72 50

Republic of Moldova 59 60 52 68

South Africa 60 58 55 65

North Macedonia 61 59 62 64

Mauritius 62 62 61 60

Mongolia 63 61 96 54

Georgia 64 68 65 69

Mexico 65 66 45 88

Montenegro 66 77 63 55

Viet Nam 67 48 101 90

Kenya 68 71 60 76

Indonesia 69 70 86 67

74
 PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy Governance Trust Regulation Inclusion

Colombia 70 79 53 70

Kuwait 71 69 84 79

Bosnia and Herzegovina 72 89 73 59

Jordan 73 94 83 53

Philippines 74 72 85 89

Jamaica 75 105 31 84

Rwanda 76 83 66 80

Peru 77 82 76 77

Dominican Republic 78 93 51 83

Ghana 79 73 59 100

Armenia 80 88 64 81

Iran (Islamic Republic of ) 81 55 124 72

Seychelles 82 65 80 112

Morocco 83 80 37 118

Panama 84 91 70 85

Paraguay 85 95 90 75

Azerbaijan 86 74 100 91

Albania 87 85 56 106

India 88 76 79 105

Kyrgyzstan 89 97 111 58

Uzbekistan 90 75 127 49

Tunisia 91 81 95 94

Ecuador 92 108 92 74

Trinidad and Tobago 93 103 81 87

Botswana 94 87 57 115

Benin 95 101 58 107

Cabo Verde 96 102 67 102

Senegal 97 104 68 98

Cote d’Ivoire 98 96 89 99

Egypt 99 98 102 86

Uganda 100 86 97 103

Sri Lanka 101 100 109 82

Bangladesh 102 99 115 78

United Republic of Tanzania 103 90 107 104

Lesotho 104 112 118 66

75
Annex 1: Pillar Tables

PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy Governance Trust Regulation Inclusion

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of ) 105 78 123 93

Zambia 106 92 94 120

Guatemala 107 122 99 92

Honduras 108 128 87 97

Algeria 109 119 98 101

El Salvador 110 118 93 116

Malawi 111 114 108 108

Nepal 112 111 114 109

Madagascar 113 123 69 121

Nigeria 114 84 113 128

Zimbabwe 115 106 125 96

Pakistan 116 109 105 119

Bolivia (Plurinational State of ) 117 113 121 95

The Network Readiness Index 2024

Namibia 118 107 122 111

Cameroon 119 110 104 126

Mali 120 126 110 113

Cambodia 121 120 117 110

Burkina Faso 122 116 75 132

Mozambique 123 115 103 125

Nicaragua 124 125 119 117

Angola 125 121 116 130

Chad 126 127 129 114

Mauritania 127 124 126 124

Sierra Leone 128 129 120 129

Lao People’s Democratic Republic 129 117 130 123

Ethiopia 130 130 128 122

Democratic Republic of the Congo 131 133 131 127

Yemen 132 132 133 131

Burundi 133 131 132 133

Source: Network Readiness Index Database, Portulans Institute, 2024.

76
Table A-1.4 Rankings in the Impact pillar and associated sub-pillars

PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy Impact Economy Quality of life SDG Contribution

Finland 1 3 1 24

Sweden 2 4 5 10

Ireland 3 6 12 1

Israel 4 1 35 33

Singapore 5 5 18 3

Netherlands 6 9 7 21

Denmark 7 17 4 5

United Kingdom 8 12 22 4

Germany 9 11 23 9

Switzerland 10 15 13 7

United States of America 11 2 73 29

Canada 12 14 21 20

Republic of Korea 13 8 44 28

Luxembourg 14 32 8 6

Japan 15 10 46 27

Australia 16 24 15 12

New Zealand 17 30 11 15

France 18 18 36 13

China 19 7 58 47

Norway 20 67 3 17

Estonia 21 25 24 16

Belgium 22 52 10 18

Austria 23 45 20 14

Spain 24 38 38 11

Malta 25 42 28 25

Czechia 26 58 14 30

Portugal 27 51 41 8

Slovenia 28 101 6 26

Costa Rica 29 50 19 46

Iceland 30 57 2 69

Viet Nam 31 20 27 58

Poland 32 44 37 31

United Arab Emirates 33 33 17 60

Italy 34 37 64 19

77
Annex 1: Pillar Tables

PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy Impact Economy Quality of life SDG Contribution

Cyprus 35 27 59 41

Hong Kong, China 36 19 102 2

Serbia 37 22 48 61

Romania 38 35 39 51

Latvia 39 59 53 32

India 40 13 82 75

Nicaragua 41 65 45 40

Armenia 42 55 62 42

Uruguay 43 76 31 48

Bahrain 44 21 49 85

Saudi Arabia 45 29 16 112

Lithuania 46 61 68 35

Mauritius 47 81 75 23
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Mexico 48 77 40 54

Hungary 49 82 67 36

Kuwait 50 48 9 118

Ukraine 51 16 90 89

Slovakia 52 92 47 45

Qatar 53 23 25 123

Malaysia 54 31 43 103

Kyrgyzstan 55 107 29 59

Oman 56 47 33 108

Republic of Moldova 57 60 54 71

Philippines 58 28 57 105

Argentina 59 70 56 70

Thailand 60 74 30 95

Chile 61 90 61 53

Montenegro 62 54 69 81

Lao People’s Democratic Republic 63 64 74 66

Brazil 64 79 66 67

Azerbaijan 65 34 81 87

Kazakhstan 66 95 34 90

Bulgaria 67 39 87 77

Croatia 68 97 91 34

Russian Federation 69 41 77 88

78
 PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy Impact Economy Quality of life SDG Contribution

Seychelles 70 132 42 38

Albania 71 87 51 82

Panama 72 105 55 64

El Salvador 73 114 32 74

Indonesia 74 43 65 106

Ecuador 75 121 92 22

Colombia 76 84 85 56

Greece 77 104 94 39

Sri Lanka 78 36 107 57

Honduras 79 103 76 52

Dominican Republic 80 78 60 101

Bolivia (Plurinational State of ) 81 118 78 43

Kenya 82 40 109 65

Cote d’Ivoire 83 69 97 63

Cabo Verde 84 125 89 37

Uzbekistan 85 110 26 111

Senegal 86 62 95 80

Peru 87 116 79 50

Bangladesh 88 56 83 99

Jamaica 89 106 70 84

Georgia 90 93 72 98

Paraguay 91 123 63 73

North Macedonia 92 86 86 86

Nepal 93 88 80 91

Bosnia and Herzegovina 94 109 52 104

Egypt 95 26 114 83

Turkiye 96 66 120 44

Ghana 97 68 106 79

Rwanda 98 83 113 49

Morocco 99 71 96 96

Guatemala 100 108 71 113

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of ) 101 126 84 76

Pakistan 102 46 110 107

United Republic of Tanzania 103 72 100 102

Benin 104 85 101 93

79
Annex 1: Pillar Tables

PILLAR SUB-PILLARS

Economy Impact Economy Quality of life SDG Contribution

South Africa 105 89 118 55

Malawi 106 63 122 68

Cameroon 107 53 111 116

Cambodia 108 100 88 117

Mongolia 109 120 93 100

Trinidad and Tobago 110 130 50 125

Namibia 111 102 124 62

Jordan 112 91 104 114

Uganda 113 96 99 115

Mali 114 80 108 122

Ethiopia 115 73 115 110

Burkina Faso 116 112 112 97

Zambia 117 113 116 92

The Network Readiness Index 2024

Nigeria 118 98 105 126

Algeria 119 75 117 121

Iran (Islamic Republic of ) 120 99 103 132

Mozambique 121 129 98 127

Tunisia 122 111 119 109

Botswana 123 124 130 78

Sierra Leone 124 131 126 94

Madagascar 125 49 131 129

Mauritania 126 122 121 120

Burundi 127 119 123 119

Yemen 128 94 127 130

Angola 129 117 133 72

Chad 130 127 125 128

Democratic Republic of the Congo 131 115 129 133

Lesotho 132 128 132 124

Zimbabwe 133 133 128 131

Source: Network Readiness Index Database, Portulans Institute, 2024.

80
Several middle-and low-
income economies have
exceeded expected
performance across one or
more of the foundational
pillars in the NRI, reflecting
capabilities in digital
readiness that align with
higher-ranking countries.
These economies achieve
scores above projections for
their income levels across key
areas of Technology, People,
Governance, and Impact.

81
82
The Network Readiness Index 2024 Country/Economy Profiles

Profiles
Country/Economy
How to read the
3. Detailed Network Readiness Index Reporting

Country/Economy
The third section demonstrates how a particular economy
performed across each of the 54 indicators comprising the

Profiles
NRI. All indicators organize into primary and secondary
level pillars, and their numbering matches the data
tables found in the other report sections with additional
information such as descriptions, years, rankings, values,
and normalized scores for all the indicators.

Strengths and Weaknesses

1 2
The indicators considered a strength of a particular
economy are notated on the far right-hand side by a solid
circle. Indicators signaled as a weakness receive a hollow
circle. For all economies, indicators with the highest
rankings are highlighted as strengths, while indicators with
the lowest rankings represent weaknesses.

For any remaining indicators, the strengths and weaknesses

3 of a particular economy are based on the percentage of
economies with scores that fall above or below a score
determined by percent ranks. Indicators highlighted as
strengths earn a score in the 10th largest percent rank
among the 54 possible indicators of each economy.
Indicators highlighted as weaknesses include scores that
rank below the 5th lowest percent rank of the 54 indicators.

It is important to note that the absence of data may have

The Country/Economy Profiles presents a scorecard that an effect on the rankings of those sub-pillars, pillars where
summarizes the individual performance of each economy these absences are noted. Thus, caution should be averted
(133 total) covered in The Network Readiness Index 2024. when reviewing the rankings of elements in the NRI
under these circumstances. This includes the signaling of
Each Country/Economy Profile consists strengths and weaknesses.
of three parts:
The NRI Online
1. Performance Highlights
The NRI website (https://networkreadinessindex.org/) offers
The first section displays each Country/Economy’s overall additional analysis, analytical tools, individual country/
performance across the NRI, the four primary pillars, economy profiles, and visualizations such as sortable
and the twelve sub-pillars. For each level of the NRI, rankings and maps.
the economy’s ranking (out of the 133 economies) and
individual score (on a 0-to-100 scale) is shown.

2. Radar Chart

The second section uses a radar chart to visually depict

the individual economy’s performance in the overall NRI,
its four pillars, and sub-pillars. The dark blue line plots the
economy’s score, while the light blue line represents the
average score of all economies found in the same income
class. The World Bank defines each country’s income
classification and reflects data current to September 2024.

83
Country/Economy Profiles

Albania
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 84 44.67
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 96 31.89 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 77 62.26
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 98 17.22 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 123 16.20
B. People pillar 62 43.10
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 81 45.33
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 86 31.82
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 29 52.15
C. Governance pillar 87 50.01
1st sub-pillar: Trust 85 37.24
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 56 69.10
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 106 43.70

D. Impact pillar 71 53.66

1st sub-pillar: Economy 87 27.37
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 51 71.73 Albania Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 82 61.88
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 96 31.89 C. Governance pillar 87 50.01

1st sub-pillar: Access 77 62.26 1st sub-pillar: Trust 85 37.24
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 92 50.37 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 67 54.14
1.1.2 Handset prices 65 63.84 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 87 64.33
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 70 29.71 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 106 11.14 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 48 95.41 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 70 19.36
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 108 61.94 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 56 69.10
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 52 72.27 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 63 51.76
2nd sub-pillar: Content 98 17.22 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 46 86.90
1.2.1 GitHub commits 62 7.94 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 53 52.49
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 57 5.22 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 94 54.38 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 44 79.32 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 98 1.32 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 106 43.70
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 123 16.20 3.3.1 E-Participation 22 75.59 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 122 32.57 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 116 21.75 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 119 26.20 ○
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 74 64.32
1.3.4 Computer software spending 90 10.65 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 118 19.80 ○
B. People pillar 62 43.10 D. Impact pillar 71 53.66
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 81 45.33 1st sub-pillar: Economy 87 27.37
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 100 3.13 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 102 34.75 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 108 38.13
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 84 45.69 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 98 26.74
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 27 97.77 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 56 17.23
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 51 71.73
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 86 31.82 4.2.1 Happiness 87 50.05
2.2.1 Firms with website 63 53.46 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 42 84.20 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 19 86.38 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 115 37.89 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 41 75.53 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 109 4.11 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 82 61.88
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 29 52.15 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 93 56.45
2.3.1 Government online services 33 79.91 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 73 12.46 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 39 43.99 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 38 88.03 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 75 32.54 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 15 91.37 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 83 54.88

84 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Algeria
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 100 39.24
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 85 36.32 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 80 59.62
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 81 21.29 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 94 28.06
B. People pillar 71 40.24
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 47 52.14
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 42 41.42
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 99 27.16
C. Governance pillar 109 41.07
1st sub-pillar: Trust 119 18.72
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 98 58.06
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 101 46.41

D. Impact pillar 119 39.34

1st sub-pillar: Economy 75 30.70
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 117 40.14 Algeria Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 121 47.18

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 85 36.32 C. Governance pillar 109 41.07

1st sub-pillar: Access 80 59.62 1st sub-pillar: Trust 119 18.72
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 72 61.80 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 113 30.92
1.1.2 Handset prices 95 44.83 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 105 33.92
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 49 35.74 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 119 1.27 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 79 80.64 3.1.4 Internet shopping 98 8.78
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 35 76.86 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 98 58.06
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 58 57.85 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 124 23.06 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 81 21.29 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 111 63.69
1.2.1 GitHub commits 108 1.40 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies NA NA
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 115 0.29 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 99 51.71 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 109 45.50
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 28 31.77 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 101 46.41
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 94 28.06 3.3.1 E-Participation 119 20.94 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 80 49.76 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 112 41.78
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 83 34.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 91 47.84
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 100 31.53 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 129 0.42 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 3 89.99 ●
B. People pillar 71 40.24 D. Impact pillar 119 39.34
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 47 52.14 1st sub-pillar: Economy 75 30.70
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 29 30.83 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 77 0.01 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 59 58.48 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 41 61.91 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 83 45.79 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 33 59.59 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 77 73.48 4.1.4 ICT services exports 125 1.29 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 117 40.14
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 42 41.42 4.2.1 Happiness 84 52.12
2.2.1 Firms with website NA NA 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 130 11.08 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 45 57.01 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 43 74.29 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 46 25.82 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 121 47.18
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 99 27.16 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 64 72.58
2.3.1 Government online services 115 30.85 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 75 10.05 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 125 41.88 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 49 41.19 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 101 66.96
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 59 9.45 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 65 67.05

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 85

Country/Economy Profiles

Angola
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 128 25.25
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 121 17.84 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 117 33.86
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 120 9.24 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 131 10.41
B. People pillar 125 19.36
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 126 20.64
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 110 25.03
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 129 12.42
C. Governance pillar 125 31.32
1st sub-pillar: Trust 121 18.35
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 116 49.65
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 130 25.95

D. Impact pillar 129 32.50

1st sub-pillar: Economy 117 19.69
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 133 14.89 Angola Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 72 62.91
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 121 17.84 C. Governance pillar 125 31.32

1st sub-pillar: Access 117 33.86 1st sub-pillar: Trust 121 18.35
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 116 32.43 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 120 23.70
1.1.2 Handset prices 85 51.68 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 124 13.00
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 76 27.05 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account NA NA
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 112 26.22 3.1.4 Internet shopping NA NA
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 106 63.10 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 116 49.65
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 87 2.70 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 103 33.78
2nd sub-pillar: Content 120 9.24 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 89 72.26 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 123 0.39 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 115 8.41
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 129 0.07 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 119 36.37 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 87 58.81 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 130 0.12 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 130 25.95
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 131 10.41 3.3.1 E-Participation 128 15.12 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 106 19.23 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 128 12.39 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 131 0.00 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 125 23.08
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 91 53.20
1.3.4 Computer software spending 87 12.01 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments NA NA
B. People pillar 125 19.36 D. Impact pillar 129 32.50
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 126 20.64 1st sub-pillar: Economy 117 19.69
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 92 5.49 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 116 8.75 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 63 53.36 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 117 7.68 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 120 5.23
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 91 60.62 4.1.4 ICT services exports 130 0.47 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 133 14.89
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 110 25.03 4.2.1 Happiness 120 13.49
2.2.1 Firms with website 111 16.09 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 131 0.00 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 112 30.08
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 71 48.84 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 119 32.29
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 82 10.16 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 72 62.91
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 129 12.42 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 128 12.90
2.3.1 Government online services 104 41.60 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 93 3.11 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 90 71.79
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 113 4.56 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 41 85.31 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 112 0.40 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 89 50.37 ●

86 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Argentina
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 69 48.99
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 77 39.89 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 74 63.21
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 70 24.22 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 79 32.24
B. People pillar 85 38.29
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 107 34.99
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 43 41.10
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 67 38.79
C. Governance pillar 58 62.17
1st sub-pillar: Trust 67 50.44
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 72 66.57
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 50 69.49

D. Impact pillar 59 55.62

1st sub-pillar: Economy 70 31.75
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 56 70.73 Argentina Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 70 64.39

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 77 39.89 C. Governance pillar 58 62.17

1st sub-pillar: Access 74 63.21 1st sub-pillar: Trust 67 50.44
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 49 72.17 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 50 65.53
1.1.2 Handset prices 90 47.35 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 95 50.08 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 26 46.72 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 52 49.40
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 76 83.77 3.1.4 Internet shopping 54 36.76
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 51 73.52 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 72 66.57
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 59 55.72 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 109 31.65 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 70 24.22 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 74 82.74
1.2.1 GitHub commits 46 17.36 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 77 39.94
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 60 4.65 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 56 67.45 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 45 78.52
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 67 7.40 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 50 69.49
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 79 32.24 3.3.1 E-Participation 51 63.95
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 54 64.71 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 54 81.47
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 82 34.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 59 64.18
1.3.3 Robot density 42 2.66 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 41 69.42
1.3.4 Computer software spending 42 27.08 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 52 68.43
B. People pillar 85 38.29 D. Impact pillar 59 55.62
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 107 34.99 1st sub-pillar: Economy 70 31.75
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 46 19.67 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 73 0.06 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 56 59.14 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 29 68.45 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 61 58.99 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 79 35.17
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 46 23.30
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 44 2.15 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 56 70.73
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 43 41.10 4.2.1 Happiness 40 71.07 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 42 64.96 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 65 77.44
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 71 1.88 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 88 57.33 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 26 64.11 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 52 70.01
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 36 33.47 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 70 64.39
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 67 38.79 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 41 80.65 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 38 78.88 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 64 23.75 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 24 54.73 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 90 71.79 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 107 12.36 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 51 83.19
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 60 9.19 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 45 77.02

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 87

Country/Economy Profiles

Armenia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 66 49.54
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 51 46.37 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 55 68.96
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 59 27.38 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 45 42.77
B. People pillar 81 38.85
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 55 51.22
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 81 33.08
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 89 32.23
C. Governance pillar 80 52.86
1st sub-pillar: Trust 88 36.41
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 64 67.68
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 81 54.49

D. Impact pillar 42 60.09

1st sub-pillar: Economy 55 35.96
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 62 69.44 Armenia Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 42 74.88
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 51 46.37 C. Governance pillar 80 52.86

1st sub-pillar: Access 55 68.96 1st sub-pillar: Trust 88 36.41
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 75 61.16 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 69 51.31
1.1.2 Handset prices 80 53.84 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 94 50.50
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 63 31.02 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 87 26.42 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 76 17.42
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 86 67.72 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 64 67.68
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 73 47.57
2nd sub-pillar: Content 59 27.38 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 54 86.31
1.2.1 GitHub commits 36 30.90 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 42 62.29 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 59 4.65 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 31 72.40 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 72 67.24
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 95 1.57 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 81 54.49
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 45 42.77 3.3.1 E-Participation 64 56.97
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 58 62.68 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 92 55.89
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 52 46.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 72 59.38
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 4 81.64 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 73 19.39 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 119 18.57 ○
B. People pillar 81 38.85 D. Impact pillar 42 60.09
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 55 51.22 1st sub-pillar: Economy 55 35.96
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 93 5.44 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 67 0.16 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 71 52.38 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 106 38.58 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 80 47.38 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 57 44.48
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 9 99.70 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 8 60.63 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 62 69.44
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 81 33.08 4.2.1 Happiness 81 55.24
2.2.1 Firms with website 69 50.68 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 70 75.36
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 13 90.23 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 109 40.74 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 68 65.19
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 91 7.83 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 42 74.88
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 89 32.23 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 82 62.90
2.3.1 Government online services 63 69.29 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 79 18.32 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 41 87.18 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 62 37.79 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 72 79.39
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 89 3.53 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 85 53.25

88 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Australia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 15 69.43
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 19 60.54 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 12 80.16
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 11 55.75 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 39 45.70
B. People pillar 16 58.49
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 69 48.37
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 13 58.28
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 8 68.82
C. Governance pillar 7 87.61
1st sub-pillar: Trust 7 89.62
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 10 88.54
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 8 84.67

D. Impact pillar 16 71.07

1st sub-pillar: Economy 24 44.56
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 15 84.93 Australia High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 12 83.71

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 19 60.54 C. Governance pillar 7 87.61

1st sub-pillar: Access 12 80.16 1st sub-pillar: Trust 7 89.62
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 36 76.29 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 18 84.53
1.1.2 Handset prices 1 100.00 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 15 97.50
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 51 35.57 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 9 87.15
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 48 95.41 3.1.4 Internet shopping 6 89.30 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 50 73.71 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 10 88.54
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 2 92.50 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 11 55.75 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 11 94.64
1.2.1 GitHub commits 23 49.04 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 22 75.95
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 11 62.41 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 37 71.65 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 42 79.60
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 25 39.90 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 8 84.67
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 39 45.70 3.3.1 E-Participation 2 98.83 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 14 85.73 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 20 96.29
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 24 65.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 9 93.03 ●
1.3.3 Robot density 29 9.90 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 49 68.42 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 67 21.42 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 55 66.79 ○
B. People pillar 16 58.49 D. Impact pillar 16 71.07
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 69 48.37 1st sub-pillar: Economy 24 44.56
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 28 31.06 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 24 18.17
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 21 78.29 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 20 71.61
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 27 68.45 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 12 78.20
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 75 10.27 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 28 15.67 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 15 84.93
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 13 58.28 4.2.1 Happiness 9 85.06 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 21 78.99 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 37 84.91
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 26 20.80 4.2.3 Income inequality 50 73.78 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 10 73.98 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 5 95.88 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 8 59.36 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 12 83.71
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 8 68.82 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 8 93.55 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 7 93.15 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 10 66.20
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 11 69.74 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 20 95.73
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 10 80.16 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 74 78.00 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 21 32.24 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 9 96.29 ●

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 89

Country/Economy Profiles

Austria
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 20 66.05
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 20 59.93 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 40 74.45
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 22 47.49 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 20 57.84
B. People pillar 25 53.42
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 60 49.74
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 27 51.01
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 24 59.50
C. Governance pillar 15 82.61
1st sub-pillar: Trust 25 79.23
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 14 87.45
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 16 81.14

D. Impact pillar 23 68.26

1st sub-pillar: Economy 45 38.94
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 20 82.44 Austria High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 14 83.41
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 20 59.93 C. Governance pillar 15 82.61

1st sub-pillar: Access 40 74.45 1st sub-pillar: Trust 25 79.23
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 16 85.71 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 23 83.21
1.1.2 Handset prices 1 100.00 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 36 93.92
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 102 15.01 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 30 66.22
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 81 78.92 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 20 73.57
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 89 67.05 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 14 87.45
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 22 78.14
2nd sub-pillar: Content 22 47.49 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 38 88.69
1.2.1 GitHub commits 19 58.20 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 13 82.18 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 14 52.28 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 50 69.32 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 20 88.23
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 56 10.15 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 16 81.14
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 20 57.84 3.3.1 E-Participation 21 76.74
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 34 74.90 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 10 98.14 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 26 64.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 23 85.34
1.3.3 Robot density 13 31.82 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 69 65.99 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 10 60.41 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 7 79.51 ●
B. People pillar 25 53.42 D. Impact pillar 23 68.26
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 60 49.74 1st sub-pillar: Economy 45 38.94
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 31 30.34 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 21 28.95
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 37 68.10 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 42 61.87
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 16 71.54 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 77 35.47 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 31 29.48
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 15 28.97 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 20 82.44
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 27 51.01 4.2.1 Happiness 27 76.44
2.2.1 Firms with website 7 90.96 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 40 84.63
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 34 16.71 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 24 83.03
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 40 58.32 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 24 89.48
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 28 38.05 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 14 83.41
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 24 59.50 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 14 90.32
2.3.1 Government online services 19 87.04 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 19 61.62
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 20 95.73
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 70 34.16 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 32 87.06
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 8 57.31 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 23 88.14

90 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Azerbaijan
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 75 46.08
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 75 40.16 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 64 66.36
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 93 17.75 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 64 36.38
B. People pillar 78 39.31
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 48 51.86
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 49 38.97
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 100 27.10
C. Governance pillar 86 50.45
1st sub-pillar: Trust 74 42.94
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 100 57.64
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 91 50.77

D. Impact pillar 65 54.38

1st sub-pillar: Economy 34 41.25
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 81 61.74 Azerbaijan Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 87 60.14

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 75 40.16 C. Governance pillar 86 50.45

1st sub-pillar: Access 64 66.36 1st sub-pillar: Trust 74 42.94
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 57 66.36 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 85 45.49
1.1.2 Handset prices 76 56.28 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 48 89.33 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 64 31.02 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 86 26.70
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 91 10.25
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 38 76.47 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 100 57.64
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 56 68.03 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 77 45.60
2nd sub-pillar: Content 93 17.75 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 116 58.93 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 78 4.61 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies NA NA
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 92 1.28 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 78 61.37 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 99 51.05
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 82 3.74 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 91 50.77
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 64 36.38 3.3.1 E-Participation 88 37.21
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 96 54.39
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 23 67.00 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 24 85.10 ●
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 85 56.43 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 101 5.77 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 117 20.72 ○
B. People pillar 78 39.31 D. Impact pillar 65 54.38
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 48 51.86 1st sub-pillar: Economy 34 41.25
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 89 6.07 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 74 50.40
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 75 49.81 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 16 70.06 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 10 99.68 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 107 3.30 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 81 61.74
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 49 38.97 4.2.1 Happiness 93 44.93
2.2.1 Firms with website 51 61.21 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 67 76.94
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 102 41.91 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 69 64.98
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 71 13.81 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 87 60.14
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 100 27.10 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 87 59.68
2.3.1 Government online services 81 57.11 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 68 17.92 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 73 20.60 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 63 79.49
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 89 73.39
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 88 3.59 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 39 79.80 ●

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 91

Country/Economy Profiles

Bahrain
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 51 53.50
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 57 44.78 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 51 70.08
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 94 17.63 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 37 46.62
B. People pillar 58 43.38
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 14 67.07
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 115 24.40
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 68 38.68
C. Governance pillar 52 65.98
1st sub-pillar: Trust 63 51.66
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 42 75.65
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 47 70.62

D. Impact pillar 44 59.85

1st sub-pillar: Economy 21 46.58
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 49 71.94 Bahrain High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 85 61.02
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 57 44.78 C. Governance pillar 52 65.98

1st sub-pillar: Access 51 70.08 1st sub-pillar: Trust 63 51.66
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 83 56.75 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 74 48.77
1.1.2 Handset prices 51 75.96 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 68 77.83
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 106 13.19 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account NA NA
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 62 28.38
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 47 74.58 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 42 75.65
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 32 70.81
2nd sub-pillar: Content 94 17.63 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 65 83.93
1.2.1 GitHub commits 64 7.53 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 19 78.12 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 71 2.87 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 85 59.46 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 110 45.41 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 114 0.65 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 47 70.62
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 37 46.62 3.3.1 E-Participation 85 43.03
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 57 63.64 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 65 75.64
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 14 88.94 ●
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 31 70.21
1.3.4 Computer software spending 37 29.60 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 26 75.26 ●
B. People pillar 58 43.38 D. Impact pillar 44 59.85
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 14 67.07 1st sub-pillar: Economy 21 46.58
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 72 10.38 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 26 74.68 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 91 43.56
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 2 86.14 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 25 63.66 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 31 97.08 4.1.4 ICT services exports 28 32.53 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 49 71.94
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 115 24.40 4.2.1 Happiness 60 61.45
2.2.1 Firms with website NA NA 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 47 83.69
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 29 19.27 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 86 45.47 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 56 69.44
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 88 8.46 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 85 61.02
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 68 38.68 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 52 75.81
2.3.1 Government online services 54 72.62 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 77 18.77 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 114 56.41 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 24 61.67 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 123 40.50 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 105 1.64 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 8 96.47 ●

92 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Bangladesh
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 89 43.56
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 65 43.73 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 62 66.54
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 48 32.31 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 77 32.35
B. People pillar 99 34.09
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 93 42.02
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 121 22.26
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 71 38.00
C. Governance pillar 102 45.88
1st sub-pillar: Trust 99 31.97
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 115 49.83
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 78 55.84

D. Impact pillar 88 50.53

1st sub-pillar: Economy 56 34.20
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 83 61.22 Bangladesh Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 99 56.18

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 65 43.73 C. Governance pillar 102 45.88

1st sub-pillar: Access 62 66.54 1st sub-pillar: Trust 99 31.97
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 42 75.42 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 98 39.30
1.1.2 Handset prices 108 36.65 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 61 81.25
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 5 70.72 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 118 4.53 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 73 86.71 3.1.4 Internet shopping 117 2.79 ○
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 20 80.45 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 115 49.83
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 63 49.30 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 118 26.25 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 48 32.31 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 116 58.93 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 96 2.88 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 90 33.76
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 117 0.20 ○ 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 67 64.45 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 92 55.22
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 14 61.71 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 78 55.84
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 77 32.35 3.3.1 E-Participation 74 51.16
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 81 48.87 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 53 82.35
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 96 29.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 88 50.00
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 101 21.96 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 74 19.17 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 36 73.73
B. People pillar 99 34.09 D. Impact pillar 88 50.53
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 93 42.02 1st sub-pillar: Economy 56 34.20
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 23 39.43 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 94 40.84 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 24 70.14
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 103 23.60 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 101 24.42
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 89 64.21 4.1.4 ICT services exports 82 8.03
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 83 61.22
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 121 22.26 4.2.1 Happiness 116 20.55 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 113 12.34 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 16 92.27
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 78 0.30 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 43 76.09
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 66 50.01 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 66 65.55
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 45 26.40 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 99 56.18
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 71 38.00 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 107 37.10
2.3.1 Government online services 74 61.55 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 69 24.00 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 127 30.77 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 81 28.46 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 7 93.86
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 88 50.75

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 93

Country/Economy Profiles

Belgium
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 21 65.88
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 18 60.93 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 26 77.96
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 26 45.48 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 17 59.37
B. People pillar 26 52.97
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 99 40.09
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 24 52.98
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 16 65.82
C. Governance pillar 21 80.94
1st sub-pillar: Trust 13 84.40
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 22 83.93
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 38 74.48

D. Impact pillar 22 68.71

1st sub-pillar: Economy 52 36.92
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 10 86.52 Belgium High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 18 82.68
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 18 60.93 C. Governance pillar 21 80.94

1st sub-pillar: Access 26 77.96 1st sub-pillar: Trust 13 84.40
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 18 84.70 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 29 80.55
1.1.2 Handset prices 19 93.53 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 26 96.25
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 98 16.11 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 13 82.09
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 16 78.72
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 52 73.40 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 22 83.93
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 23 77.43
2nd sub-pillar: Content 26 45.48 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 26 92.86
1.2.1 GitHub commits 13 64.62 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 8 83.51 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 19 42.78 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 72 62.64 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 13 90.84 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 53 11.86 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 38 74.48
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 17 59.37 3.3.1 E-Participation 82 44.18 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 21 79.98 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 23 95.02
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 21 67.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 25 84.62
1.3.3 Robot density 16 28.99 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 29 70.48
1.3.4 Computer software spending 9 60.99 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 10 78.08 ●
B. People pillar 26 52.97 D. Impact pillar 22 68.71
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 99 40.09 1st sub-pillar: Economy 52 36.92
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 69 11.26 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 23 19.23
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 32 71.78 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 36 63.86
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 25 68.54 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy NA NA
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 33 27.68
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 37 8.80 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 10 86.52
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 24 52.98 4.2.1 Happiness 15 83.26
2.2.1 Firms with website 12 85.83 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 43 83.97
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 35 15.19 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 10 93.57 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 21 66.17 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 20 91.06
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 20 44.73 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 18 82.68
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 16 65.82 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 10 91.94 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 67 65.73 ○ 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 20 61.62
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 1 100.00 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 17 73.95 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 69 79.75 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 6 57.79 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 28 86.75

94 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Benin
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 111 35.62
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 117 23.33 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 122 28.48
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 116 11.10 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 87 30.41
B. People pillar 118 25.82
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 125 22.83
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 111 24.73
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 95 29.92
C. Governance pillar 95 47.76
1st sub-pillar: Trust 101 31.17
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 58 68.45
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 107 43.67

D. Impact pillar 104 45.55

1st sub-pillar: Economy 85 28.04
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 101 50.91 Benin Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 93 57.69

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 117 23.33 C. Governance pillar 95 47.76

1st sub-pillar: Access 122 28.48 1st sub-pillar: Trust 101 31.17
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 124 18.07 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 121 22.89 ○
1.1.2 Handset prices 129 17.59 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 64 80.08 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 110 10.31 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 100 17.68
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 110 29.11 3.1.4 Internet shopping 113 4.03 ○
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 88 67.34 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 58 68.45
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 90 39.84
2nd sub-pillar: Content 116 11.10 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 110 64.29
1.2.1 GitHub commits 115 0.83 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 62 48.48 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 114 0.30 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 117 39.50 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 16 89.64 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 81 3.79 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 107 43.67
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 87 30.41 3.3.1 E-Participation 97 32.56
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 51 65.07 ● 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 87 58.72
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 115 22.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 112 29.57
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 108 4.17 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 82 53.85
B. People pillar 118 25.82 D. Impact pillar 104 45.55
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 125 22.83 1st sub-pillar: Economy 85 28.04
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 97 4.36 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 74 50.76 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 105 38.71
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 116 9.64 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 59 43.60 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 100 26.54 ○ 4.1.4 ICT services exports 117 1.79 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 101 50.91
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 111 24.73 4.2.1 Happiness 110 27.34
2.2.1 Firms with website 102 27.46 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 79 69.64 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 53 73.52 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 97 42.63 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 112 37.99
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 109 4.11 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 93 57.69
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 95 29.92 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 126 14.52 ○
2.3.1 Government online services 94 47.45 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 84 12.38 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 71 77.78 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 91 72.95
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 122 30.17 ○

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 95

Country/Economy Profiles

Bolivia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 102 38.25
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 113 25.19 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 107 41.38
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 111 12.66 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 110 21.53
B. People pillar 84 38.29
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 24 58.21
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 77 33.48
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 108 23.19
C. Governance pillar 117 37.94
1st sub-pillar: Trust 113 22.70
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 121 43.06
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 95 48.08

D. Impact pillar 81 51.57

1st sub-pillar: Economy 118 18.05
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 78 62.06 Bolivia Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 43 74.60
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 113 25.19 C. Governance pillar 117 37.94

1st sub-pillar: Access 107 41.38 1st sub-pillar: Trust 113 22.70
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 94 49.36 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 92 42.48
1.1.2 Handset prices 101 41.47 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 120 16.17 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 27 46.12 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 94 19.28
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 107 35.24 3.1.4 Internet shopping 84 12.87
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 81 68.58 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 121 43.06
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 83 7.52 ○ 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 128 19.61 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 111 12.66 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 111 63.69
1.2.1 GitHub commits 84 4.25 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 113 9.81 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 96 0.98 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 119 50.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 108 44.48 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 59 72.17 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 109 0.93 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 95 48.08
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 110 21.53 3.3.1 E-Participation 101 30.24
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 105 26.21 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 103 49.89
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 128 12.00 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 115 28.37
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 83 58.47
1.3.4 Computer software spending 48 26.38 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 37 73.42 ●
B. People pillar 84 38.29 D. Impact pillar 81 51.57
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 24 58.21 1st sub-pillar: Economy 118 18.05
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country NA NA 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 107 31.62 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 86 46.21
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 74 51.78 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 121 4.94 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 57 91.23 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 110 3.01
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 78 62.06
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 77 33.48 4.2.1 Happiness 72 59.25 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 79 40.88 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 66 77.42 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 91 56.81
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 69 49.40 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 111 42.24
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 82 10.16 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 43 74.60
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 108 23.19 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 90 58.06
2.3.1 Government online services 95 46.87 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 70 22.69 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 48 84.62 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 114 0.00 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 71 79.53 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 75 61.26

96 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 90 43.20
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 102 29.70 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 90 55.98
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 101 15.79 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 121 17.32
B. People pillar 83 38.48
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 67 48.72
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 35 46.83
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 116 19.90
C. Governance pillar 72 55.36
1st sub-pillar: Trust 89 36.38
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 73 66.49
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 59 63.21

D. Impact pillar 94 49.26

1st sub-pillar: Economy 109 22.22
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 52 71.22 Bosnia and Herzegovina Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 104 54.34

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 102 29.70 C. Governance pillar 72 55.36

1st sub-pillar: Access 90 55.98 1st sub-pillar: Trust 89 36.38
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 77 60.84 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 53 64.22 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 82 52.70 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 107 29.42
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 99 15.63 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 101 17.10 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 60 88.89 3.1.4 Internet shopping 57 34.79
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 110 61.85 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 73 66.49
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 80 44.32
2nd sub-pillar: Content 101 15.79 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 34 89.29 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 57 9.73 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 106 22.62 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 67 3.29 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 105 47.36 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 49 76.22 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 87 2.77 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 59 63.21
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 121 17.32 3.3.1 E-Participation 71 52.33
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 87 46.06 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 78 65.63
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 124 17.00 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 76 54.33
1.3.3 Robot density 53 0.41 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 45 68.75 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 100 5.83 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 28 75.01 ●
B. People pillar 83 38.48 D. Impact pillar 94 49.26
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 67 48.72 1st sub-pillar: Economy 109 22.22
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 103 3.01 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 48 1.09
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 99 36.11 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 101 40.11
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 62 58.33 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 106 21.80 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 29 97.42 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 40 25.89 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 52 71.22
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 35 46.83 4.2.1 Happiness 58 62.54
2.2.1 Firms with website 11 86.85 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 59 80.08
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 89 45.19 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 49 70.86 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 88 8.46 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 104 54.34
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 116 19.90 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 87 59.68
2.3.1 Government online services 100 43.61 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 59 26.98
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 63 79.49
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 105 12.79 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 105 64.91
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 90 3.29 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 120 32.25 ○

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 97

Country/Economy Profiles

Botswana
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 114 34.54
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 118 23.12 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 95 53.06
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 125 2.41 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 127 13.90
B. People pillar 107 29.89
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 85 44.37
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 104 26.75
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 120 18.54
C. Governance pillar 94 48.30
1st sub-pillar: Trust 87 36.55
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 57 68.98
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 115 39.36

D. Impact pillar 123 36.84

1st sub-pillar: Economy 124 17.18
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 130 30.86 Botswana Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 78 62.47
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 118 23.12 C. Governance pillar 94 48.30

1st sub-pillar: Access 95 53.06 1st sub-pillar: Trust 87 36.55
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 93 49.47 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 88 43.84
1.1.2 Handset prices 66 63.40 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 93 53.08
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 124 4.02 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 64 39.75 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 81 78.92 3.1.4 Internet shopping 93 9.51
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 76 69.47 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 57 68.98
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 43 62.60 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 125 2.41 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 87 73.81
1.2.1 GitHub commits 104 1.88 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 100 27.60
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 87 1.40 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 123 5.43 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 37 80.89 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 110 0.92 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 115 39.36
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 127 13.90 3.3.1 E-Participation 128 15.12 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 110 0.00 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 94 54.46
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 94 30.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 123 23.56 ○
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 96 41.21
1.3.4 Computer software spending 89 10.96 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 68 62.45 ●
B. People pillar 107 29.89 D. Impact pillar 123 36.84
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 85 44.37 1st sub-pillar: Economy 124 17.18
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 101 3.05 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 62 57.32 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 111 37.36
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 94 36.80 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 117 11.92 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 71 80.30 4.1.4 ICT services exports 115 2.27
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 130 30.86
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 104 26.75 4.2.1 Happiness 128 3.22 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 85 36.65 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 98 62.12
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 115 24.94 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 110 40.40 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 124 29.56 ○
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 112 3.20 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 78 62.47
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 120 18.54 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 101 41.94
2.3.1 Government online services 128 19.76 ○ 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 78 18.73 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 119 50.43
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 88 25.74 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 27 88.38 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 58 9.93 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 82 55.29 ●

98 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Brazil
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 44 55.20
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 45 48.88 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 57 68.03
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 24 45.96 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 75 32.63
B. People pillar 49 45.53
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 83 44.88
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 37 45.72
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 47 45.98
C. Governance pillar 39 71.77
1st sub-pillar: Trust 50 62.53
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 49 73.32
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 21 79.45

D. Impact pillar 64 54.64

1st sub-pillar: Economy 79 30.12
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 66 68.11 Brazil Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 67 65.71

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 45 48.88 C. Governance pillar 39 71.77

1st sub-pillar: Access 57 68.03 1st sub-pillar: Trust 50 62.53
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 52 71.40 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 55 64.09
1.1.2 Handset prices 36 85.04 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 25 96.58
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 3 72.93 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 49 49.81
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 102 39.82 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 52 39.66
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 25 79.21 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 49 73.32
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 57 59.81 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 84 42.85 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 24 45.96 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 14 94.05 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 49 13.48 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 59 49.68
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 53 5.96 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 40 71.16 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 39 80.04
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 8 93.24 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 21 79.45
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 75 32.63 3.3.1 E-Participation 11 89.53 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 60 62.32 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 40 88.16
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 65 39.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 50 67.55
1.3.3 Robot density 45 2.24 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 8 76.75 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 43 26.98 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 25 75.26
B. People pillar 49 45.53 D. Impact pillar 64 54.64
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 83 44.88 1st sub-pillar: Economy 79 30.12
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 19 41.89 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 54 0.71
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 106 32.76 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 8 79.97 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 66 57.21 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 92 29.36 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 53 92.10 4.1.4 ICT services exports 74 10.44
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 46 0.43 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 66 68.11
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 37 45.72 4.2.1 Happiness 29 74.60
2.2.1 Firms with website 72 48.09 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 45 83.88
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 48 6.83 4.2.3 Income inequality 114 28.28 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 12 73.31 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 75 63.40
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 10 54.66 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 67 65.71
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 47 45.98 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 37 82.26
2.3.1 Government online services 14 88.55 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 62 24.80 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 37 46.33 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 63 79.49
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 82 28.17 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 73 79.02
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 34 20.86 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 47 76.80

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 99

Country/Economy Profiles

Bulgaria
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 55 53.15
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 52 46.33 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 43 73.25
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 50 30.85 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 69 34.89
B. People pillar 60 43.28
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 50 51.74
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 88 31.50
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 43 46.61
C. Governance pillar 46 69.00
1st sub-pillar: Trust 53 59.47
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 32 79.22
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 51 68.31

D. Impact pillar 67 54.00

1st sub-pillar: Economy 39 39.94
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 87 59.50 Bulgaria High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 77 62.57
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 52 46.33 C. Governance pillar 46 69.00

1st sub-pillar: Access 43 73.25 1st sub-pillar: Trust 53 59.47
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 37 76.09 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 15 86.02 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 52 74.30 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 83 67.42 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 43 37.53 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 63 39.96
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 24 99.88 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 48 44.48
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 28 78.45 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 32 79.22
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 55 55.55
2nd sub-pillar: Content 50 30.85 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 14 94.05 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 34 33.25 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 41 62.36
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 40 14.03 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 45 70.59 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 29 84.15 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 71 5.55 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 51 68.31
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 69 34.89 3.3.1 E-Participation 29 73.25 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 36 72.03 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 76 67.26
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 51 46.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 36 78.12
1.3.3 Robot density 41 2.96 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 54 67.46
1.3.4 Computer software spending 76 18.06 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 77 55.45 ○
B. People pillar 60 43.28 D. Impact pillar 67 54.00
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 50 51.74 1st sub-pillar: Economy 39 39.94
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 53 15.08 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 51 0.87
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 70 52.45 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 69 51.56
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 64 57.68 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 24 63.95 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 28 97.66 4.1.4 ICT services exports 20 43.38 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 9 35.84 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 87 59.50
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 88 31.50 4.2.1 Happiness 82 53.26 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 76 42.04 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 92 64.34 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 33 17.07 4.2.3 Income inequality 82 61.70 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 64 51.26 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 81 60.13 ○
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 68 15.63 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 77 62.57
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 43 46.61 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 69 70.97
2.3.1 Government online services 64 67.86 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 50 31.77
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 29 52.68 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 41 87.18
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 33 52.21 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 88 73.46 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 47 13.70 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 105 44.76 ○

100 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Burkina Faso
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 127 25.91
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 132 12.73 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 131 13.48
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 114 11.62 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 130 13.09
B. People pillar 132 13.34
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 133 4.42
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 128 15.72
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 117 19.88
C. Governance pillar 122 36.58
1st sub-pillar: Trust 116 21.81
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 75 65.84
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 132 22.10

D. Impact pillar 116 40.98

1st sub-pillar: Economy 112 21.00
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 112 45.11 Burkina Faso Low-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 97 56.84

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 132 12.73 C. Governance pillar 122 36.58

1st sub-pillar: Access 131 13.48 1st sub-pillar: Trust 116 21.81
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 128 15.23 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 129 13.67 ○
1.1.2 Handset prices 130 7.53 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 100 40.00
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 126 1.35 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 81 28.74 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 129 0.17 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 109 4.82
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 121 56.37 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 75 65.84
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 89 0.23 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 97 37.03 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 114 11.62 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 59 84.52 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 130 0.11 ○ 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies NA NA
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 131 0.04 ○ 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 111 43.10 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 74 66.82 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 83 3.25 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 132 22.10
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 130 13.09 3.3.1 E-Participation 119 20.94
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 105 46.40
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 109 24.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 131 8.41 ○
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 105 0.00 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 116 2.19 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 105 34.76
B. People pillar 132 13.34 D. Impact pillar 116 40.98
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 133 4.42 1st sub-pillar: Economy 112 21.00
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 126 0.31 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 102 39.30
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 120 6.46 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 113 15.99
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 102 6.50 ○ 4.1.4 ICT services exports 84 7.72 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 112 45.11
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 128 15.72 4.2.1 Happiness 108 28.28
2.2.1 Firms with website 123 1.94 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 109 57.74
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 73 65.81 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 101 42.02 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 118 32.81
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 112 3.20 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 97 56.84
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 117 19.88 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 124 17.74
2.3.1 Government online services 116 30.70 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 68 24.60 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 74 76.07 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 98 68.27
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 84 4.32 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 118 34.61

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 101

Country/Economy Profiles

Burundi
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 132 20.69
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 131 12.81 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 132 10.74
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 110 12.85 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 125 14.82
B. People pillar 129 17.07
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 124 23.07
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 129 12.93
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 125 15.22
C. Governance pillar 133 18.61
1st sub-pillar: Trust 131 9.25
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 132 31.89
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 133 14.69

D. Impact pillar 127 34.26

1st sub-pillar: Economy 119 17.99
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 123 36.96 Burundi Low-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 119 47.84
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 131 12.81 C. Governance pillar 133 18.61

1st sub-pillar: Access 132 10.74 1st sub-pillar: Trust 131 9.25
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 129 15.21 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 127 16.76
1.1.2 Handset prices 133 0.00 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 131 1.75 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 127 0.00 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account NA NA
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 132 0.06 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping NA NA
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 130 49.18 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 132 31.89
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 91 0.00 ○ 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 119 25.78
2nd sub-pillar: Content 110 12.85 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 126 54.40
1.2.1 GitHub commits 127 0.20 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 82 37.67 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 128 0.08 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 129 25.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 109 44.24 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 131 16.60 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 68 6.89 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 133 14.69
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 125 14.82 3.3.1 E-Participation 97 32.56 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 129 0.00 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 110 23.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 119 26.20
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 105 0.00 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 98 6.14 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments NA NA
B. People pillar 129 17.07 D. Impact pillar 127 34.26
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 124 23.07 1st sub-pillar: Economy 119 17.99
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 120 1.56 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 130 20.43
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 126 1.69 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 89 30.81 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 88 65.96 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 112 2.73 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 123 36.96
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 129 12.93 4.2.1 Happiness 121 13.05
2.2.1 Firms with website 114 12.10 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 118 46.05
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 75 65.55 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 121 25.53 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 112 37.99
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 123 1.16 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 119 47.84
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 125 15.22 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 121 19.35
2.3.1 Government online services 124 26.79 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 99 67.52 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 117 53.29
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 86 3.66 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 125 26.06

102 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Cabo Verde
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 98 39.75
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 115 24.04 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 108 40.51
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 126 2.24 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 89 29.36
B. People pillar 95 36.32
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 82 45.12
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 124 19.04
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 51 44.78
C. Governance pillar 96 47.68
1st sub-pillar: Trust 102 29.36
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 67 67.49
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 102 46.18

D. Impact pillar 84 50.96

1st sub-pillar: Economy 125 17.01
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 89 59.35 Cabo Verde Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 37 76.54

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 115 24.04 C. Governance pillar 96 47.68

1st sub-pillar: Access 108 40.51 1st sub-pillar: Trust 102 29.36
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 109 38.76 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 95 40.97
1.1.2 Handset prices 68 62.23 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 119 17.75 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 121 6.14 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account NA NA
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 100 49.41 3.1.4 Internet shopping NA NA
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 126 54.35 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 67 67.49
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 72 32.14 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 56 54.21 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 126 2.24 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 85 75.83
1.2.1 GitHub commits 83 4.31 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 86 36.11
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 74 2.37 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development NA NA 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 62 71.28 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 131 0.03 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 102 46.18
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 89 29.36 3.3.1 E-Participation 113 23.26 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments NA NA
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 83 34.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 86 50.48
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 73 64.81
1.3.4 Computer software spending 51 24.73 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments NA NA
B. People pillar 95 36.32 D. Impact pillar 84 50.96
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 82 45.12 1st sub-pillar: Economy 125 17.01
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 125 0.52 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 58 58.52 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 132 8.97 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 95 36.52 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 82 34.01
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 65 84.91 4.1.4 ICT services exports 81 8.04
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 89 59.35
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 124 19.04 4.2.1 Happiness NA NA
2.2.1 Firms with website 120 4.35 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices NA NA
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 94 52.96
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 119 33.73 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 65 65.74 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale NA NA 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 37 76.54
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 51 44.78 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 73 67.74
2.3.1 Government online services 97 44.35 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 59 81.20 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 44 45.22 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 21 90.06 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 95 48.98

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 103

Country/Economy Profiles

Cambodia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 110 35.65
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 109 27.96 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 106 41.70
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 89 19.19 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 106 22.99
B. People pillar 100 33.64
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 41 54.32
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 97 29.08
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 123 17.51
C. Governance pillar 121 36.60
1st sub-pillar: Trust 120 18.57
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 117 48.45
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 110 42.79

D. Impact pillar 108 44.38

1st sub-pillar: Economy 100 24.91
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 88 59.47 Cambodia Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 117 48.77
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 109 27.96 C. Governance pillar 121 36.60

1st sub-pillar: Access 106 41.70 1st sub-pillar: Trust 120 18.57
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 91 52.33 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 94 41.95
1.1.2 Handset prices 100 42.79 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 117 19.08 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 33 43.04 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 113 8.90 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 103 38.14 3.1.4 Internet shopping 111 4.34 ○
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 78 69.30 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 117 48.45
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 85 4.60 ○ 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 110 31.36
2nd sub-pillar: Content 89 19.19 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 113 63.10
1.2.1 GitHub commits 99 2.28 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 87 35.66
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 108 0.42 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 39 71.22 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 117 37.12 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 86 2.84 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 110 42.79
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 106 22.99 3.3.1 E-Participation 105 26.75
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 109 43.37
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 55 43.75 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 94 45.19
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 68 66.12 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 115 2.24 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 108 32.51
B. People pillar 100 33.64 D. Impact pillar 108 44.38
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 41 54.32 1st sub-pillar: Economy 100 24.91
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 36 27.16 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 90 43.80
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 58 59.18 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 95 27.62
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 73 76.62 4.1.4 ICT services exports 106 3.33
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 88 59.47
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 97 29.08 4.2.1 Happiness 115 22.94 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 87 35.44 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 2 99.30 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 87 45.33 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 95 52.88
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 96 6.47 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 117 48.77
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 123 17.51 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 98 46.77
2.3.1 Government online services 112 35.69 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 83 0.00 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 82 14.90 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 80 74.36 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 93 71.71
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 103 1.95 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 86 51.22 ●

104 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Cameroon
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 113 34.59
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 108 28.04 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 115 34.22
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 92 17.80 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 80 32.09
B. People pillar 109 29.02
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 111 32.88
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 119 22.85
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 91 31.33
C. Governance pillar 119 36.84
1st sub-pillar: Trust 110 26.26
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 104 55.04
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 126 29.22

D. Impact pillar 107 44.46

1st sub-pillar: Economy 53 36.46
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 111 47.70 Cameroon Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 116 49.21

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 108 28.04 C. Governance pillar 119 36.84

1st sub-pillar: Access 115 34.22 1st sub-pillar: Trust 110 26.26
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 106 41.34 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 122 22.37 ○
1.1.2 Handset prices 107 37.15 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 97 45.67
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 78 26.38 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 78 31.69 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 125 1.54 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 106 5.31
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 102 64.68 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 104 55.04
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 116 26.92
2nd sub-pillar: Content 92 17.80 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 100 67.86
1.2.1 GitHub commits 109 1.39 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 95 30.02
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 103 0.60 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 93 55.98 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 101 50.39
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 49 13.24 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 126 29.22
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 80 32.09 3.3.1 E-Participation 105 26.75
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 76 52.03 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 111 41.96
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 87 33.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 122 24.76 ○
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 102 18.20 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 88 11.00 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 106 34.43
B. People pillar 109 29.02 D. Impact pillar 107 44.46
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 111 32.88 1st sub-pillar: Economy 53 36.46
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 122 0.74 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 73 50.98 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 84 46.81 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 113 11.42 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 40 56.10 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 84 68.39 4.1.4 ICT services exports 89 6.47
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 111 47.70
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 119 22.85 4.2.1 Happiness 98 38.99
2.2.1 Firms with website 116 8.47 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 99 61.77
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 93 53.47
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 58 52.26 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 120 31.20 ○
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 91 7.83 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 116 49.21
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 91 31.33 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 115 24.19 ○
2.3.1 Government online services 113 32.76 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 80 15.64 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 122 45.30 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 43 45.59 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 80 77.05 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 124 26.38 ○

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 105

Country/Economy Profiles

Canada
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 11 71.76
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 9 67.23 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 33 76.18
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 6 61.97 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 12 63.54
B. People pillar 11 60.94
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 53 51.23
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 3 66.39
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 17 65.19
C. Governance pillar 12 85.48
1st sub-pillar: Trust 11 85.60
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 11 88.23
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 12 82.61

D. Impact pillar 12 73.39

1st sub-pillar: Economy 14 55.78
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 21 82.30 Canada High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 20 82.07
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 9 67.23 C. Governance pillar 12 85.48

1st sub-pillar: Access 33 76.18 1st sub-pillar: Trust 11 85.60
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 53 69.91 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 19 84.53
1.1.2 Handset prices 14 94.45 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 13 97.67
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 32 43.39 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 16 79.46
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 45 96.54 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 14 80.76
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 36 76.63 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 11 88.23
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 9 87.39 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 6 61.97 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 54 86.31 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 11 66.62 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 16 80.67
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 12 57.93 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 43 70.62 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 22 86.76
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 18 52.70 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 12 82.61
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 12 63.54 3.3.1 E-Participation 14 82.55
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 12 88.54 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 19 96.33
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 20 68.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 15 88.70
1.3.3 Robot density 15 29.12 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 50 68.38 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 5 68.24 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 12 77.09
B. People pillar 11 60.94 D. Impact pillar 12 73.39
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 53 51.23 1st sub-pillar: Economy 14 55.78
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 41 22.27 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 14 47.66
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 19 78.86 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 16 74.73
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 14 71.82 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 9 81.98 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 54 18.76 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 11 31.97 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 21 82.30
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 3 66.39 4.2.1 Happiness 16 80.99
2.2.1 Firms with website 13 83.10 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 60 80.05 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 10 41.33 4.2.3 Income inequality 30 80.46
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 7 78.99 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 18 91.27
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 7 62.15 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 20 82.07
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 17 65.19 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 1 100.00 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 27 83.47 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 7 69.92 ●
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 10 70.12 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 1 100.00 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 12 79.39 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 109 60.09 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 25 27.79 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 7 96.57 ●

106 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Chad
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 113 22.22
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 133 10.53 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 133 10.10
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 133 0.26 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 112 21.21
B. People pillar 130 16.37
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 130 13.45
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 127 16.16
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 118 19.49
C. Governance pillar 126 30.06
1st sub-pillar: Trust 127 14.67
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 129 35.65
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 114 39.86

D. Impact pillar 130 31.91

1st sub-pillar: Economy 127 15.58
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 125 36.79 Chad Lower-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 128 43.36

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 133 10.53 C. Governance pillar 126 30.06

1st sub-pillar: Access 133 10.10 1st sub-pillar: Trust 127 14.67
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 133 0.00 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 133 0.00 ○
1.1.2 Handset prices 131 5.07 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 99 40.42 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 127 0.00 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 103 14.12
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 128 1.09 3.1.4 Internet shopping 112 4.16
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 125 54.46 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 129 35.65
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 91 0.00 ○ 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 126 21.04
2nd sub-pillar: Content 133 0.26 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 128 52.02
1.2.1 GitHub commits 131 0.00 ○ 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 109 14.47
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 130 0.04 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 129 25.00

1.2.3 Mobile apps development NA NA 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 79 65.70 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 113 0.73 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 114 39.86
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 112 21.21 3.3.1 E-Participation 101 30.24 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 103 29.68 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 81 64.74 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 126 12.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 132 0.00 ○
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending NA NA 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 62 64.45 ●
B. People pillar 130 16.37 D. Impact pillar 130 31.91
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 130 13.45 1st sub-pillar: Economy 127 15.58
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 123 0.57 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 67 53.24 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 125 32.44
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 132 0.00 ○ 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 118 10.76
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 104 0.00 ○ 4.1.4 ICT services exports 105 3.54
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 125 36.79
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 127 16.16 4.2.1 Happiness 103 30.09
2.2.1 Firms with website 119 5.44 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 123 35.83
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 73 65.81 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 107 40.82 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 128 23.07
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 119 2.22 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 128 43.36
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 118 19.49 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 131 0.00 ○
2.3.1 Government online services 129 19.61 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 115 53.85
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 73 33.64 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 84 76.24 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 76 5.23 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 132 0.00 ○

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 107

Country/Economy Profiles

Chile
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 54 53.40
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 69 42.54 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 65 66.31
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 74 22.90 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 53 38.40
B. People pillar 54 44.20
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 57 50.30
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 38 43.41
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 66 38.88
C. Governance pillar 40 71.61
1st sub-pillar: Trust 46 66.48
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 36 77.38
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 46 70.96

D. Impact pillar 61 55.25

1st sub-pillar: Economy 90 26.75
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 61 69.84 Chile High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 53 69.15
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 69 42.54 C. Governance pillar 40 71.61

1st sub-pillar: Access 65 66.31 1st sub-pillar: Trust 46 66.48
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 35 77.02 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 41 75.46
1.1.2 Handset prices 42 82.73 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 81 68.83
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 29 45.38 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 32 65.54
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 81 78.92 3.1.4 Internet shopping 40 56.09
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 24 79.44 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 36 77.38
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 71 34.35 ○ 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 31 70.99 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 74 22.90 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 41 88.10
1.2.1 GitHub commits 58 9.30 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 51 53.80
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 47 8.46 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 68 64.35 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 57 74.01
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 60 9.50 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 46 70.96
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 53 38.40 3.3.1 E-Participation 43 68.61
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 49 65.65 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 11 97.84 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 67 38.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 54 66.35
1.3.3 Robot density 52 0.59 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 61 66.74
1.3.4 Computer software spending 23 48.84 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 79 55.27
B. People pillar 54 44.20 D. Impact pillar 61 55.25
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 57 50.30 1st sub-pillar: Economy 90 26.75
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 26 34.40 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 46 1.40
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 72 52.13 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 43 61.41
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 31 67.60 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 65 40.41
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 38 95.86 4.1.4 ICT services exports 101 3.79 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 45 1.50 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 61 69.84
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 38 43.41 4.2.1 Happiness 51 67.45
2.2.1 Firms with website 27 76.33 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 72 74.62
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 60 4.03 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 96 51.41 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 30 62.75 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 29 83.51 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 40 30.56 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 53 69.15
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 66 38.88 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 27 85.48
2.3.1 Government online services 30 80.99 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 44 40.14
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 34 46.94 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 86 72.65 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 93 21.70 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 57 82.68
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 73 5.89 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 46 76.81

108 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

China
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 17 68.70
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 12 65.34 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 1 91.77
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 16 52.03 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 26 52.24
B. People pillar 6 66.33
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 6 74.25
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 9 63.14
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 22 61.60
C. Governance pillar 36 73.81
1st sub-pillar: Trust 23 79.41
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 88 62.11
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 19 79.90

D. Impact pillar 19 69.32

1st sub-pillar: Economy 7 64.76
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 58 70.41 China Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 47 72.80

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 12 65.34 C. Governance pillar 36 73.81

1st sub-pillar: Access 1 91.77 1st sub-pillar: Trust 23 79.41
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 38 76.06 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 65 54.70
1.1.2 Handset prices 40 83.04 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 40 92.50
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 1 100.00 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 17 78.08
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 29 98.83 3.1.4 Internet shopping 3 92.37 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 3 94.00 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 88 62.11
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 40 98.68 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 93 38.20 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 16 52.03 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 119 57.14 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits NA NA 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 7 85.10
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 63 4.06 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development NA NA 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 123 30.12 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 1 100.00 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 19 79.90
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 26 52.24 3.3.1 E-Participation 13 86.04
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 51 83.52
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 33 59.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 3 97.12 ●
1.3.3 Robot density 3 60.98 ● 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 47 68.57
1.3.4 Computer software spending 29 35.98 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 63 64.25 ○
B. People pillar 6 66.33 D. Impact pillar 19 69.32
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 6 74.25 1st sub-pillar: Economy 7 64.76
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 1 100.00 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 17 38.83
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 1 100.00 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 36 64.61 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 1 100.00 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 42 95.25 4.1.4 ICT services exports 52 20.19
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 8 37.12 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 58 70.41
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 9 63.14 4.2.1 Happiness 55 65.56
2.2.1 Firms with website 52 61.09 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 78 70.95 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 24 21.20 4.2.3 Income inequality 63 70.18 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 2 96.34 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 33 79.26
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 2 73.93 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 47 72.80
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 22 61.60 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 34 83.87
2.3.1 Government online services 15 87.58 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 1 100.00 ●
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 26 54.02 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 96 70.09 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 106 61.92 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 14 43.21 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 119 34.51 ○

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 109

Country/Economy Profiles

Colombia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 64 49.64
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 60 44.26 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 59 66.87
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 66 25.38 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 50 40.52
B. People pillar 52 44.58
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 63 49.54
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 52 38.18
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 46 46.03
C. Governance pillar 70 57.15
1st sub-pillar: Trust 79 40.19
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 53 71.22
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 70 60.03

D. Impact pillar 76 52.58

1st sub-pillar: Economy 84 28.38
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 85 60.59 Colombia Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 56 68.77
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 60 44.26 C. Governance pillar 70 57.15

1st sub-pillar: Access 59 66.87 1st sub-pillar: Trust 79 40.19
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 79 60.23 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 79 47.91
1.1.2 Handset prices 71 61.28 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 88 63.75 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 20 48.19 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 75 32.23
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 77 16.89
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 14 84.38 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 53 71.22
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 65 47.17 ○ 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 65 51.32
2nd sub-pillar: Content 66 25.38 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 59 84.52
1.2.1 GitHub commits 59 8.94 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 55 51.54
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 41 13.98 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 73 62.54 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 68 68.73
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 44 16.05 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 70 60.03
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 50 40.52 3.3.1 E-Participation 37 70.93
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 45 67.10 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 93 55.54 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 66 38.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 79 53.85
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 15 74.15 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 79 15.71 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 95 45.66 ○
B. People pillar 52 44.58 D. Impact pillar 76 52.58
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 63 49.54 1st sub-pillar: Economy 84 28.38
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 35 28.35 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 62 0.27 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 55 60.02 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 31 66.54 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 50 60.96 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 79 35.17
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 48 93.66 4.1.4 ICT services exports 68 11.54
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 42 4.72 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 85 60.59
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 52 38.18 4.2.1 Happiness 67 60.23
2.2.1 Firms with website 29 74.75 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 68 76.05
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 59 4.15 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 116 21.08 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services NA NA 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 53 69.89
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 32 35.62 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 56 68.77
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 46 46.03 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 37 82.26
2.3.1 Government online services 59 71.46 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 61 26.24 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 14 67.92 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 70 78.63
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 54 39.72 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 17 90.94 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 80 5.03 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 48 76.31

110 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Congo, Dem. Rep.
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 131 21.49
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 125 15.75 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 129 18.39
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 128 1.62 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 97 27.25
B. People pillar 127 18.66
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 118 27.78
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 125 17.04
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 132 11.17
C. Governance pillar 131 21.67
1st sub-pillar: Trust 133 5.80
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 131 32.56
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 127 26.65

D. Impact pillar 131 29.89

1st sub-pillar: Economy 115 20.49
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 129 32.09 Congo, Dem. Rep. Low-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 133 37.09

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 125 15.75 C. Governance pillar 131 21.67

1st sub-pillar: Access 129 18.39 1st sub-pillar: Trust 133 5.80
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 131 8.34 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 132 9.89 ○
1.1.2 Handset prices 126 23.28 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 129 5.33
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions NA NA 3.1.3 Online access to financial account NA NA
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 131 0.09 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 119 2.16
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 116 60.22 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 131 32.56
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 91 0.00 ○ 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 130 13.37
2nd sub-pillar: Content 128 1.62 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 100 67.86
1.2.1 GitHub commits 129 0.11 ○ 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 116 7.95
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 132 0.01 ○ 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 129 25.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development NA NA 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 105 48.60
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 74 4.74 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 127 26.65
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 97 27.25 3.3.1 E-Participation 113 23.26
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 96 37.01 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 115 39.66
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 122 17.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 130 10.34 ○
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending NA NA 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 107 33.34
B. People pillar 127 18.66 D. Impact pillar 131 29.89
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 118 27.78 1st sub-pillar: Economy 115 20.49
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 78 9.42 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 112 27.58 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 79 48.03
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 128 0.94 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 116 13.37
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 78 73.19 4.1.4 ICT services exports 132 0.07 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 129 32.09
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 125 17.04 4.2.1 Happiness 127 4.37
2.2.1 Firms with website 124 1.69 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 115 52.98
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 102 47.04
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 73 48.28 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 122 30.78
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 123 1.16 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 133 37.09
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 132 11.17 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 119 20.97
2.3.1 Government online services 131 15.35 ○ 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 93 70.94
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 109 11.00 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 130 16.52 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 67 7.14 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 123 26.64

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 111

Country/Economy Profiles

Costa Rica
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 52 53.44
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 70 42.38 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 79 60.19
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 88 19.36 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 34 47.59
B. People pillar 57 43.91
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 22 59.32
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 47 39.71
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 87 32.69
C. Governance pillar 57 62.74
1st sub-pillar: Trust 64 50.67
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 33 78.55
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 73 59.01

D. Impact pillar 29 64.74

1st sub-pillar: Economy 50 38.07
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 19 83.27 Costa Rica Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 46 72.89
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 70 42.38 C. Governance pillar 57 62.74

1st sub-pillar: Access 79 60.19 1st sub-pillar: Trust 64 50.67
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 64 63.85 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 63 57.29
1.1.2 Handset prices 57 70.19 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 83 67.42
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 72 28.74 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 47 51.79
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 104 37.66 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 63 26.18
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 48 74.39 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 33 78.55
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 47 86.29 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 44 61.33
2nd sub-pillar: Content 88 19.36 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 28 90.48 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 52 13.11 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 43 60.17
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 54 5.78 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 87 57.77 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 38 80.75
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 111 0.80 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 73 59.01
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 34 47.59 3.3.1 E-Participation 66 54.65
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 43 68.06 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 91 55.92 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 48 48.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 66 60.34
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 20 71.61 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 46 26.47 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 85 52.52 ○
B. People pillar 57 43.91 D. Impact pillar 29 64.74
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 22 59.32 1st sub-pillar: Economy 50 38.07
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 88 6.15 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 59 0.35 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 36 69.79 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 82 47.40
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 37 64.23 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 51 45.64
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 30 97.11 4.1.4 ICT services exports 11 58.91 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 19 83.27
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 47 39.71 4.2.1 Happiness 4 93.02 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 10 87.70 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 8 94.67 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 49 6.21 4.2.3 Income inequality 106 41.90 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 74 48.02 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 31 82.32 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 63 16.92 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 46 72.89
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 87 32.69 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 34 83.87 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 70 64.77 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 57 27.38 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 60 30.93 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 35 88.89 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 80 28.54 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 10 93.42 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 69 6.51 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 38 79.86

112 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Cote d’Ivoire
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 92 42.53
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 95 31.90 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 94 54.18
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 118 10.39 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 84 31.12
B. People pillar 74 39.52
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 80 46.11
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 54 37.96
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 81 34.47
C. Governance pillar 98 47.39
1st sub-pillar: Trust 96 33.57
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 89 61.87
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 99 46.73

D. Impact pillar 83 51.32

1st sub-pillar: Economy 69 31.90
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 97 55.22 Cote d’Ivoire Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 63 66.85

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 95 31.90 C. Governance pillar 98 47.39

1st sub-pillar: Access 94 54.18 1st sub-pillar: Trust 96 33.57
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 110 38.49 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 111 32.04 ○
1.1.2 Handset prices 89 48.28 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 82 67.83
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 58 32.43 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 84 28.21
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 80 79.87 3.1.4 Internet shopping 103 6.21
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 62 71.84 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 89 61.87
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 79 44.45
2nd sub-pillar: Content 118 10.39 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 91 70.24
1.2.1 GitHub commits 121 0.40 ○ 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 56 50.66 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 111 0.35 ○ 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 116 39.81 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 111 44.02 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 105 1.01 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 99 46.73
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 84 31.12 3.3.1 E-Participation 89 36.05
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 56 63.75 ● 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 66 74.56
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 98 28.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 109 33.17
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 99 32.63 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 123 1.11 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 74 57.24
B. People pillar 74 39.52 D. Impact pillar 83 51.32
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 80 46.11 1st sub-pillar: Economy 69 31.90
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 64 12.61 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 39 67.65 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 71 50.92
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 109 17.51 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 64 40.99
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 62 86.69 4.1.4 ICT services exports 100 3.81
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 97 55.22
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 54 37.96 4.2.1 Happiness 91 47.65
2.2.1 Firms with website 67 51.29 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 95 64.14
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 62 71.21
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 55 52.98 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 114 36.51 ○
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 84 9.62 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 63 66.85
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 81 34.47 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 117 22.58 ○
2.3.1 Government online services 90 49.90 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 51 35.85 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 25 93.16 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 35 51.06 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 50 83.85 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 107 1.09 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 127 24.48 ○

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 113

Country/Economy Profiles

Croatia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 59 51.96
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 74 41.03 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 48 71.22
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 54 29.43 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 108 22.44
B. People pillar 68 41.53
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 77 47.03
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 63 36.18
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 63 41.37
C. Governance pillar 43 71.29
1st sub-pillar: Trust 45 66.71
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 39 76.58
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 48 70.59

D. Impact pillar 68 53.99

1st sub-pillar: Economy 97 25.59
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 91 59.13 Croatia High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 34 77.24
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 74 41.03 C. Governance pillar 43 71.29

1st sub-pillar: Access 48 71.22 1st sub-pillar: Trust 45 66.71
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 21 83.37 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 31 79.91 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 30 87.69 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 40 92.50
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 97 16.50 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 58 44.04
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 42 97.57 3.1.4 Internet shopping 43 50.39
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 66 71.00 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 39 76.58
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 47 59.82
2nd sub-pillar: Content 54 29.43 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 14 94.05 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 37 30.06 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 69 47.08
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 39 14.69 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 53 68.59 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 34 81.95
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 79 4.38 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 48 70.59
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 108 22.44 3.3.1 E-Participation 29 73.25 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 68 58.93 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 62 77.08
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 107 25.25 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 56 65.87
1.3.3 Robot density 46 2.17 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 87 56.28 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 112 3.40 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 5 80.46 ●
B. People pillar 68 41.53 D. Impact pillar 68 53.99
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 77 47.03 1st sub-pillar: Economy 97 25.59
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 57 14.54 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 44 1.58
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 89 43.57 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 77 48.88
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 54 60.49 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 102 23.55 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 15 99.17 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 32 28.35 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 25 17.38 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 91 59.13
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 63 36.18 4.2.1 Happiness 61 61.43
2.2.1 Firms with website 43 64.84 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 125 33.66 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 41 11.18 4.2.3 Income inequality 16 87.66 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 54 53.08 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 38 76.96
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 68 15.63 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 34 77.24
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 63 41.37 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 37 82.26
2.3.1 Government online services 36 79.09 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 34 56.42
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 48 37.71 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 28 91.45 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 84 26.51 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 34 86.70
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 33 22.17 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 67 66.54

114 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Cyprus
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 39 56.68
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 43 48.99 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 52 69.47
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 27 45.43 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 81 32.08
B. People pillar 69 41.01
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 40 54.74
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 83 32.43
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 77 35.87
C. Governance pillar 35 73.84
1st sub-pillar: Trust 37 70.86
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 40 76.02
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 37 74.63

D. Impact pillar 35 62.87

1st sub-pillar: Economy 27 43.36
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 59 70.33 Cyprus High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 41 74.91

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 43 48.99 C. Governance pillar 35 73.84

1st sub-pillar: Access 52 69.47 1st sub-pillar: Trust 37 70.86
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 65 63.56 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 28 80.61
1.1.2 Handset prices 10 96.63 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 49 88.83
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 108 11.93 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 39 60.73
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 41 53.27
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 41 75.24 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 40 76.02
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 36 66.18
2nd sub-pillar: Content 27 45.43 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 57 85.36
1.2.1 GitHub commits 25 45.23 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 60 49.19
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 24 33.73 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 1 100.00 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 43 79.38
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 88 2.76 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 37 74.63
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 81 32.08 3.3.1 E-Participation 25 74.42
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 77 51.73 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 50 83.94
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 90 31.25 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 44 72.36
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 17 72.43 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 84 13.26 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 49 70.01
B. People pillar 69 41.01 D. Impact pillar 35 62.87
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 40 54.74 1st sub-pillar: Economy 27 43.36
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 104 2.90 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 39 2.80
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 52 60.85 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 113 36.91 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 67 56.09 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 84 33.72
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 16 99.12 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 1 100.00 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 59 70.33
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 83 32.43 4.2.1 Happiness 57 63.92
2.2.1 Firms with website 38 67.62 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 106 60.19 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 37 12.37 4.2.3 Income inequality 26 81.49
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 90 44.78 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 14 92.27 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 106 4.95 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 41 74.91
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 77 35.87 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 34 83.87
2.3.1 Government online services 46 75.60 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 58 27.31 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 20 95.73 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 103 16.52 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 21 90.06 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 45 15.50 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 21 89.25 ●

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 115

Country/Economy Profiles

Czech Republic
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 27 63.47
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 26 56.80 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 29 76.55
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 23 46.81 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 36 47.04
B. People pillar 34 49.59
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 90 42.37
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 16 57.71
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 37 48.67
C. Governance pillar 19 81.37
1st sub-pillar: Trust 15 82.94
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 16 85.57
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 32 75.60

D. Impact pillar 26 66.11

1st sub-pillar: Economy 58 33.80
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 14 85.61 Czech Republic High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 30 78.91
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 26 56.80 C. Governance pillar 19 81.37

1st sub-pillar: Access 29 76.55 1st sub-pillar: Trust 15 82.94
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 33 77.86 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 12 88.74 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 27 88.61 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 76 74.33 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 73 28.31 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 11 82.58 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 38 97.68 3.1.4 Internet shopping 10 86.12 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 83 68.13 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 16 85.57
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 39 98.71 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 19 80.55 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 23 46.81 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 46 86.90
1.2.1 GitHub commits 12 65.45 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 36 65.35
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 21 38.08 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 24 74.06 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 8 95.05 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 59 9.64 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 32 75.60
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 36 47.04 3.3.1 E-Participation 57 59.31 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 27 77.83 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 14 96.86 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 36 55.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 19 86.30
1.3.3 Robot density 17 26.81 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 71 65.46 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 40 28.51 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 48 70.07
B. People pillar 34 49.59 D. Impact pillar 26 66.11
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 90 42.37 1st sub-pillar: Economy 58 33.80
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 59 14.23 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 38 2.86
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 31 72.20 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 46 60.42
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 33 66.95 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 52 45.35
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 39 26.56
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 27 16.09 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 14 85.61
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 16 57.71 4.2.1 Happiness 17 80.68 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 17 81.45 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 21 90.04
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 7 94.60 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 47 56.70 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 37 77.62
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 35 34.99 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 30 78.91
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 37 48.67 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 21 88.71
2.3.1 Government online services 72 63.45 ○ 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 15 63.61
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 18 59.48 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 28 91.45
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 65 35.96 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 76 77.56 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 19 35.80 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 43 77.34

116 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Denmark
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 10 72.70
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 8 67.70 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 15 79.74
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 8 58.30 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 10 65.06
B. People pillar 18 56.30
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 78 46.37
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 14 58.20
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 18 64.32
C. Governance pillar 1 89.92
1st sub-pillar: Trust 1 97.73
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 7 89.42
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 11 82.62

D. Impact pillar 7 76.87

1st sub-pillar: Economy 17 51.35
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 4 92.73 Denmark High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 5 86.55

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 8 67.70 C. Governance pillar 1 89.92

1st sub-pillar: Access 15 79.74 1st sub-pillar: Trust 1 97.73
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 8 91.58 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 1 100.00 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 24 89.75 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 39 92.58
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 71 29.09 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 2 98.41 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 2 99.93 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 85 68.01 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 7 89.42
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 4 91.29 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 8 58.30 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 9 95.24
1.2.1 GitHub commits 9 76.80 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 17 79.45
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 7 73.33 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 22 74.38 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 36 81.12
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 62 8.67 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 11 82.62
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 10 65.06 3.3.1 E-Participation 12 88.38
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 11 90.64 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 7 99.19 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 14 76.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 34 79.09
1.3.3 Robot density 8 39.73 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 37 69.90 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 20 53.12 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 15 76.53
B. People pillar 18 56.30 D. Impact pillar 7 76.87
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 78 46.37 1st sub-pillar: Economy 17 51.35
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 44 20.15 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 8 71.23
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 15 80.78 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 51 58.49 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 21 69.76 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy NA NA
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 43 24.33
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 29 14.81 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 4 92.73
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 14 58.20 4.2.1 Happiness 3 95.68 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 5 91.75 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 15 92.87
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 15 33.58 4.2.3 Income inequality 14 89.20
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 31 62.63 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 21 90.05
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 19 44.85 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 5 86.55
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 18 64.32 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 27 85.48
2.3.1 Government online services 4 97.76 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 16 63.41
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 12 69.28 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 1 100.00 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 55 39.70 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 8 93.64 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 12 50.53 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 15 92.79

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 117

Country/Economy Profiles

Dominican Republic
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 80 45.27
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 91 33.19 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 81 59.44
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 106 14.58 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 101 25.56
B. People pillar 65 42.27
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 59 49.75
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 80 33.28
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 54 43.79
C. Governance pillar 78 53.47
1st sub-pillar: Trust 93 34.38
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 51 72.56
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 83 53.47

D. Impact pillar 80 52.15

1st sub-pillar: Economy 78 30.36
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 60 70.17 Dominican Republic Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 101 55.91
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 91 33.19 C. Governance pillar 78 53.47

1st sub-pillar: Access 81 59.44 1st sub-pillar: Trust 93 34.38
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 88 54.55 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 100 38.51
1.1.2 Handset prices 70 61.81 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 73 75.08
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 67 30.21 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 102 15.75 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 74 85.79 3.1.4 Internet shopping 100 8.19 ○
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 63 71.73 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 51 72.56
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 61 52.55 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 69 49.65
2nd sub-pillar: Content 106 14.58 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 3 97.62 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 90 3.85 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 92 32.32
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 81 1.85 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 98 52.43 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 32 83.19 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 128 0.18 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 83 53.47
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 101 25.56 3.3.1 E-Participation 82 44.18
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 86 46.36 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 108 43.97 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 96 29.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 69 60.10
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 9 75.57 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 122 1.32 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 96 43.53
B. People pillar 65 42.27 D. Impact pillar 80 52.15
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 59 49.75 1st sub-pillar: Economy 78 30.36
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 60 14.19 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 92 41.59 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 62 53.84 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks NA NA 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 77 35.47
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 49 93.47 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 119 1.78 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 60 70.17
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 80 33.28 4.2.1 Happiness 64 60.61
2.2.1 Firms with website 95 31.93 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 49 83.38 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 72 66.84
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 61 51.61 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 63 66.22
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 65 16.29 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 101 55.91
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 54 43.79 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 49 77.42 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 79 57.81 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 82 5.31 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 53 34.55 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 59 81.20 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 59 39.00 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 12 92.54 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 130 11.76 ○

118 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Ecuador
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 82 44.76
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 89 34.90 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 92 54.55
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 86 19.49 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 85 30.67
B. People pillar 63 42.73
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 66 49.07
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 32 47.72
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 90 31.41
C. Governance pillar 92 48.65
1st sub-pillar: Trust 108 27.40
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 92 61.09
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 74 57.47

D. Impact pillar 75 52.76

1st sub-pillar: Economy 121 17.32
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 92 59.05 Ecuador Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 22 81.90

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 89 34.90 C. Governance pillar 92 48.65

1st sub-pillar: Access 92 54.55 1st sub-pillar: Trust 108 27.40
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 89 54.17 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 81 47.43
1.1.2 Handset prices 98 43.59 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 110 26.33 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 17 49.49 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 92 21.05 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 94 59.54 3.1.4 Internet shopping 83 14.79
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 100 64.93 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 92 61.09
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 60 55.56 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 95 37.23
2nd sub-pillar: Content 86 19.49 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 80 76.19
1.2.1 GitHub commits 77 4.66 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 96 29.63 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 85 1.46 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 88 57.34 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 83 62.41
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 47 14.49 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 74 57.47
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 85 30.67 3.3.1 E-Participation 41 69.76 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 82 48.16 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 98 54.30
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 112 23.25 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 100 39.18
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 19 71.64 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 70 20.59 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 86 52.47
B. People pillar 63 42.73 D. Impact pillar 75 52.76
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 66 49.07 1st sub-pillar: Economy 121 17.32
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 71 10.64 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 57 0.42
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 103 34.48 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 65 52.67
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 56 59.93 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 114 14.53 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 58 91.22 4.1.4 ICT services exports 120 1.68 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 92 59.05
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 32 47.72 4.2.1 Happiness 73 59.07
2.2.1 Firms with website 28 75.84 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 105 60.34 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 101 47.30 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 65 50.41 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 60 68.16
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 63 16.92 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 22 81.90
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 90 31.41 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 49 77.42 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 50 74.04 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 64 26.73 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 46 85.47 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 102 17.09 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 47 84.14 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 65 7.80 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 51 74.75 ●

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 119

Country/Economy Profiles

Egypt
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 85 44.42
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 56 44.83 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 38 74.79
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 55 28.59 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 83 31.12
B. People pillar 93 36.94
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 84 44.62
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 90 31.27
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 79 34.93
C. Governance pillar 99 46.99
1st sub-pillar: Trust 98 31.97
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 102 56.11
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 86 52.88

D. Impact pillar 95 48.94

1st sub-pillar: Economy 26 43.47
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 114 41.53 Egypt Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 83 61.82
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 56 44.83 C. Governance pillar 99 46.99

1st sub-pillar: Access 38 74.79 1st sub-pillar: Trust 98 31.97
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 11 87.76 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 114 29.76
1.1.2 Handset prices 67 62.27 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 30 95.50 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 25 46.92 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 120 0.00 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 38 97.68 3.1.4 Internet shopping 118 2.62 ○
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 16 82.86 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 102 56.11
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 53 71.28 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 111 31.26
2nd sub-pillar: Content 55 28.59 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 65 83.93
1.2.1 GitHub commits 82 4.42 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 84 37.15
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 106 0.46 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 79 61.35 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 125 28.22 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 23 48.12 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 86 52.88
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 83 31.12 3.3.1 E-Participation 94 33.73
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 61 62.31 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 110 42.95
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 73 37.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 35 78.61 ●
1.3.3 Robot density 54 0.09 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 97 39.36 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 50 25.09 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 50 69.77
B. People pillar 93 36.94 D. Impact pillar 95 48.94
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 84 44.62 1st sub-pillar: Economy 26 43.47
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 34 29.15 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 69 0.09
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 68 53.06 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 18 72.10 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 100 32.58 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 7 85.17 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 90 63.67 ○ 4.1.4 ICT services exports 57 16.53
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 114 41.53
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 90 31.27 4.2.1 Happiness 119 15.39 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 93 32.42 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 120 42.49 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 70 1.93 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 32 79.95
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 22 66.14 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 93 53.46
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 50 24.59 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 83 61.82
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 79 34.93 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 77 66.13
2.3.1 Government online services 86 52.81 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 63 27.38 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 126 32.48 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 48 42.43 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 40 85.60
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 42 17.09 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 60 68.63

120 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

El Salvador
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 99 39.36
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 105 28.55 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 97 51.08
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 109 14.01 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 114 20.56
B. People pillar 98 35.54
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 86 44.21
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 46 39.83
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 110 22.58
C. Governance pillar 110 39.83
1st sub-pillar: Trust 118 19.96
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 93 60.35
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 116 39.17

D. Impact pillar 73 53.53

1st sub-pillar: Economy 114 20.88
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 32 76.96 El Salvador Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 74 62.74

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 105 28.55 C. Governance pillar 110 39.83

1st sub-pillar: Access 97 51.08 1st sub-pillar: Trust 118 19.96
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 111 38.31 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 97 39.37
1.1.2 Handset prices 74 59.36 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 121 13.33 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 117 6.87 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 98 17.96
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 104 37.66 3.1.4 Internet shopping 96 9.16
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 71 69.92 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 93 60.35
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 44 94.37 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 96 37.16
2nd sub-pillar: Content 109 14.01 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 104 66.07
1.2.1 GitHub commits 72 5.00 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 102 25.35
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 86 1.42 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 102 49.37 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 3 98.15 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 124 0.25 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 116 39.17
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 114 20.56 3.3.1 E-Participation 94 33.73
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 94 38.94 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 124 30.53 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 120 19.00 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 105 35.82
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 88 55.55
1.3.4 Computer software spending 110 3.75 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 100 40.24
B. People pillar 98 35.54 D. Impact pillar 73 53.53
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 86 44.21 1st sub-pillar: Economy 114 20.88
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 119 1.58 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 79 0.00 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 96 37.73 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 98 41.03
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 72 52.34 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 108 19.19
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 64 85.17 4.1.4 ICT services exports 45 23.31 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 32 76.96
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 46 39.83 4.2.1 Happiness 35 73.03 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 41 65.20 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 6 96.14 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 80 62.21
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 77 47.83 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 79 61.22
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 96 6.47 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 74 62.74
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 110 22.58 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 45 79.03 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 106 41.09 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 76 9.54 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 88 11.38 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 48 84.62 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 68 35.05 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 47 84.14 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 95 2.80 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 69 66.27 ●

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 121

Country/Economy Profiles

Estonia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 18 67.85
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 32 53.56 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 37 74.86
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 21 48.03 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 56 37.80
B. People pillar 13 60.42
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 35 55.83
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 20 56.77
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 10 68.67
C. Governance pillar 5 88.28
1st sub-pillar: Trust 8 89.60
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 9 88.68
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 3 86.56

D. Impact pillar 21 69.12

1st sub-pillar: Economy 25 43.65
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 24 80.78 Estonia High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 16 82.94
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 32 53.56 C. Governance pillar 5 88.28

1st sub-pillar: Access 37 74.86 1st sub-pillar: Trust 8 89.60
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 40 75.91 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 8 90.51 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 15 93.86 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 2 99.50 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 95 18.01 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 7 89.51 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 15 78.87
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 112 61.37 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 9 88.68
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 14 84.62
2nd sub-pillar: Content 21 48.03 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 31 89.88
1.2.1 GitHub commits 10 75.06 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 11 82.91
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 26 31.60 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 6 83.49 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 24 86.01
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 92 1.96 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 3 86.56
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 56 37.80 3.3.1 E-Participation 3 97.68 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 30 76.83 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 13 97.51
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 35 58.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 20 86.06
1.3.3 Robot density 36 5.54 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 13 74.97
1.3.4 Computer software spending 92 10.07 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 14 76.59
B. People pillar 13 60.42 D. Impact pillar 21 69.12
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 35 55.83 1st sub-pillar: Economy 25 43.65
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 70 10.95 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 29 9.06
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 35 70.37 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 104 39.01 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 23 68.82 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 27 63.37
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 5 99.82 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 7 63.18 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 14 29.18 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 24 80.78
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 20 56.77 4.2.1 Happiness 38 71.88
2.2.1 Firms with website 31 74.69 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 18 91.49
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 1 100.00 ● 4.2.3 Income inequality 31 80.21
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 95 43.35 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 36 77.77
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 87 9.05 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 16 82.94
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 10 68.67 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 41 80.65
2.3.1 Government online services 1 100.00 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 6 73.74 ●
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 1 100.00 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 15 96.58
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 47 43.28 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 64 80.70
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 22 31.41 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 35 80.79

122 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Ethiopia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 122 29.60
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 98 31.06 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 96 52.99
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 64 26.07 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 126 14.12
B. People pillar 126 19.21
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 129 13.59
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 107 26.30
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 122 17.73
C. Governance pillar 130 26.58
1st sub-pillar: Trust 130 12.29
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 128 36.60
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 122 30.86

D. Impact pillar 115 41.53

1st sub-pillar: Economy 73 30.84
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 115 41.45 Ethiopia Low-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 110 52.30

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 98 31.06 C. Governance pillar 130 26.58

1st sub-pillar: Access 96 52.99 1st sub-pillar: Trust 130 12.29
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 101 45.83 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 130 13.34 ○
1.1.2 Handset prices 116 32.50 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 108 27.75
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 55 34.19 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 116 7.03 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 75 84.07 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 124 1.06 ○
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 82 68.35 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 128 36.60
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 120 25.76
2nd sub-pillar: Content 64 26.07 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 131 21.43 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 111 1.13 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies NA NA
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 133 0.00 ○ 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 119 50.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 107 45.58 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 102 49.21
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 16 57.56 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 122 30.86
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 126 14.12 3.3.1 E-Participation 124 17.45 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 116 38.94
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 99 28.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 111 30.53
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 103 17.19
1.3.4 Computer software spending 130 0.00 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 88 50.20
B. People pillar 126 19.21 D. Impact pillar 115 41.53
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 129 13.59 1st sub-pillar: Economy 73 30.84
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 80 8.94 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 54 57.36 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 130 0.28 ○ 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 94 27.91
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 99 31.55 4.1.4 ICT services exports 85 7.26 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 115 41.45
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 107 26.30 4.2.1 Happiness 117 20.09
2.2.1 Firms with website 105 23.22 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 119 43.47
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 58 71.98 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 111 39.71 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 100 49.61
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 67 15.96 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 110 52.30
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 122 17.73 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 129 9.68 ○
2.3.1 Government online services 116 30.70 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 86 72.65 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 112 58.33
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 82 4.76 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 108 42.15

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 123

Country/Economy Profiles

Finland
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 3 75.76
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 11 66.63 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 19 79.35
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 12 54.90 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 9 65.64
B. People pillar 9 62.58
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 27 57.76
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 11 59.30
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 7 70.69
C. Governance pillar 4 89.37
1st sub-pillar: Trust 4 90.60
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 4 92.48
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 6 85.03

D. Impact pillar 1 84.44

1st sub-pillar: Economy 3 75.91
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 1 95.77 Finland High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 24 81.64
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 11 66.63 C. Governance pillar 4 89.37

1st sub-pillar: Access 19 79.35 1st sub-pillar: Trust 4 90.60
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 32 79.01 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 9 90.25
1.1.2 Handset prices 1 100.00 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 29 95.75
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 68 30.14 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 3 95.29 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 24 99.88 3.1.4 Internet shopping 13 81.10
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 89 67.05 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 4 92.48
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 6 89.78 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 12 54.90 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 3 97.62 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 4 95.49 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 2 94.98 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 23 35.57 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 9 78.40 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 39 80.04
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 55 10.16 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 6 85.03
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 9 65.64 3.3.1 E-Participation 6 95.34
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 7 96.07 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 22 95.97
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 5 87.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 13 90.14
1.3.3 Robot density 21 22.35 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 59 66.94 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 18 56.38 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 13 76.73
B. People pillar 9 62.58 D. Impact pillar 1 84.44
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 27 57.76 1st sub-pillar: Economy 3 75.91
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 32 30.15 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 1 100.00 ●
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 1 100.00 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 58 55.83 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 18 70.41 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 23 64.83
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 6 83.00 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 13 30.47 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 1 95.77
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 11 59.30 4.2.1 Happiness 1 100.00 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 1 100.00 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 4 96.37 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 11 40.52 4.2.3 Income inequality 11 90.75
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 53 53.75 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 19 91.12
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 24 42.93 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 24 81.64
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 7 70.69 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 10 91.94
2.3.1 Government online services 2 98.15 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 11 65.26
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 7 71.30 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 15 96.58
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 29 59.59 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 95 70.32 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 10 53.71 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 5 96.88 ●

124 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

France
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 16 68.71
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 13 64.90 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 6 83.57
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 14 53.04 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 19 58.09
B. People pillar 14 60.27
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 44 52.99
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 12 59.01
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 9 68.82
C. Governance pillar 25 79.72
1st sub-pillar: Trust 34 74.06
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 15 86.04
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 23 79.06

D. Impact pillar 18 69.95

1st sub-pillar: Economy 18 49.85
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 36 76.42 France High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 13 83.58

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 13 64.90 C. Governance pillar 25 79.72

1st sub-pillar: Access 6 83.57 1st sub-pillar: Trust 34 74.06
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 28 80.92 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 22 83.74
1.1.2 Handset prices 8 98.58 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 14 97.58
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 15 56.72 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 44 54.49 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 60 88.89 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 31 60.40
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 33 77.31 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 15 86.04
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 37 99.00 ○ 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 25 75.93
2nd sub-pillar: Content 14 53.04 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 7 95.83 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 21 50.48 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 10 83.26 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 25 33.51 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 20 74.55 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 52 75.20 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 17 53.62 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 23 79.06
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 19 58.09 3.3.1 E-Participation 37 70.93
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 22 79.78 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 17 96.60
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 22 67.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 28 83.65
1.3.3 Robot density 19 24.09 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 52 67.97 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 8 61.23 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 18 76.15
B. People pillar 14 60.27 D. Impact pillar 18 69.95
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 44 52.99 1st sub-pillar: Economy 18 49.85
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 12 46.99 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 19 32.70
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 30 73.44 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 10 79.41 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 28 68.35 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 21 66.86
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 50 20.43 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 18 23.18 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 36 76.42
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 12 59.01 4.2.1 Happiness 28 74.69
2.2.1 Firms with website 46 64.40 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 83 67.93 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 19 25.53 4.2.3 Income inequality 29 80.98
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 5 82.48 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 13 92.30 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 6 63.61 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 13 83.58
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 9 68.82 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 14 90.32
2.3.1 Government online services 20 86.38 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 26 58.32
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 4 73.43 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 1 100.00 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 16 75.77 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 44 84.36
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 17 39.70 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 14 92.93

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 125

Country/Economy Profiles

Georgia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 68 49.30
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 62 44.15 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 46 72.24
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 60 26.87 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 73 33.33
B. People pillar 55 44.10
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 32 56.73
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 68 35.22
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 64 40.35
C. Governance pillar 64 59.11
1st sub-pillar: Trust 68 49.51
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 65 67.55
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 69 60.27

D. Impact pillar 90 49.82

1st sub-pillar: Economy 93 26.00
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 72 66.98 Georgia Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 98 56.48
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 62 44.15 C. Governance pillar 64 59.11

1st sub-pillar: Access 46 72.24 1st sub-pillar: Trust 68 49.51
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 46 73.49 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 51 65.11
1.1.2 Handset prices 83 52.36 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 62 81.08
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 42 38.00 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 71 35.18
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 29 98.83 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 78 16.67
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 67 70.74 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 65 67.55
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 30 72.25 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 60 26.87 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 31 89.88 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 33 35.23 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 58 50.06
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 62 4.35 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 119 50.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 58 66.69 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 51 75.56
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 102 1.23 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 69 60.27
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 73 33.33 3.3.1 E-Participation 71 52.33
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 55 64.24 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 67 73.20
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 95 30.00 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 81 51.68
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 24 71.17 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 102 5.75 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 84 52.98
B. People pillar 55 44.10 D. Impact pillar 90 49.82
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 32 56.73 1st sub-pillar: Economy 93 26.00
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 83 7.71 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 50 0.97
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 69 52.99 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 94 42.01 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 34 66.85 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy NA NA
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 13 99.39 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 26 35.02 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 72 66.98
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 68 35.22 4.2.1 Happiness 90 47.96
2.2.1 Firms with website 56 58.67 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 35 85.11 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 44 75.84
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 104 41.27 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 82 59.92
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 102 5.73 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 98 56.48
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 64 40.35 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 82 62.90
2.3.1 Government online services 82 57.02 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 67 18.71 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 54 34.33 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 52 83.76
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 22 65.71 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 69 79.75
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 83 4.35 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 128 24.47 ○

126 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Germany
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 9 73.54
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 4 72.54 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 25 78.06
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 4 70.65 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 7 68.89
B. People pillar 8 63.77
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 20 59.51
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 6 65.36
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 15 66.44
C. Governance pillar 16 82.52
1st sub-pillar: Trust 22 79.81
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 13 88.12
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 20 79.62

D. Impact pillar 9 75.35

1st sub-pillar: Economy 11 60.26
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 23 80.96 Germany High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 9 84.84

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 4 72.54 C. Governance pillar 16 82.52

1st sub-pillar: Access 25 78.06 1st sub-pillar: Trust 22 79.81
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 15 85.92 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 7 91.67 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 32 86.83 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 18 97.42
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 38 39.29 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 37 61.52 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 27 99.53 3.1.4 Internet shopping 24 68.62
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 27 78.74 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 13 88.12
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 15 83.75
2nd sub-pillar: Content 4 70.65 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 21 93.45
1.2.1 GitHub commits 15 62.61 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 21 76.30
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 8 70.69 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 48 69.63 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 21 87.11
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 9 79.66 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 20 79.62
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 7 68.89 3.3.1 E-Participation 32 72.10
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 25 78.21 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 2 99.90 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 7 86.75 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 26 84.38
1.3.3 Robot density 4 55.73 ● 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 64 66.52 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 19 54.88 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 27 75.20
B. People pillar 8 63.77 D. Impact pillar 9 75.35
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 20 59.51 1st sub-pillar: Economy 11 60.26
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 20 40.98 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 10 62.49
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 41 64.32 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 5 82.86 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 17 71.35 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 12 78.20
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 55 17.49 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 5 61.37 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 23 80.96
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 6 65.36 4.2.1 Happiness 19 79.91
2.2.1 Firms with website 2 93.44 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 62 79.66 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 32 17.35 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 35 78.66 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 6 81.65 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 25 87.96
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 4 68.99 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 9 84.84
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 15 66.44 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 5 95.16 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 44 76.85 ○ 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 23 59.98
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 9 71.15 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 1 100.00 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 26 61.47 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 28 88.23
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 9 56.31 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 26 87.12

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 127

Country/Economy Profiles

Ghana
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 87 43.95
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 87 35.89 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 84 57.80
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 97 17.24 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 76 32.61
B. People pillar 82 38.68
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 102 38.12
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 79 33.36
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 52 44.56
C. Governance pillar 79 53.17
1st sub-pillar: Trust 73 44.51
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 59 68.39
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 100 46.61

D. Impact pillar 97 48.06

1st sub-pillar: Economy 68 31.91
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 106 49.91 Ghana Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 79 62.37
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 87 35.89 C. Governance pillar 79 53.17

1st sub-pillar: Access 84 57.80 1st sub-pillar: Trust 73 44.51
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 70 62.43 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 110 32.28 ○
1.1.2 Handset prices 110 36.38 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 51 86.67 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 86 23.51 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 50 49.81 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 52 94.30 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 94 9.28
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 58 72.39 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 59 68.39
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 82 43.82
2nd sub-pillar: Content 97 17.24 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 80 76.19
1.2.1 GitHub commits 76 4.76 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 83 37.37
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 116 0.27 ○ 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 113 41.85 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 28 84.58 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 37 22.08 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 100 46.61
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 76 32.61 3.3.1 E-Participation 82 44.18
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 85 47.78 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 80 64.96
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 44 49.25 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 103 37.50
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 127 0.81 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 101 39.78
B. People pillar 82 38.68 D. Impact pillar 97 48.06
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 102 38.12 1st sub-pillar: Economy 68 31.91
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 51 18.59 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 82 47.12 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 68 52.03
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 111 15.26 ○ 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 73 36.63
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 81 71.52 4.1.4 ICT services exports 86 7.06
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 106 49.91
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 79 33.36 4.2.1 Happiness 112 24.65 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 57 58.54 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 64 77.86
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 39 11.33 4.2.3 Income inequality 97 50.13 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 70 49.37 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 107 44.33
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 70 14.19 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 79 62.37
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 52 44.56 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 112 30.65 ○
2.3.1 Government online services 92 48.73 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 47 38.31 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 103 65.81
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 40 46.65 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 33 86.92 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 113 38.13 ○

128 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Greece
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 56 52.90
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 61 44.25 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 68 65.61
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 52 30.52 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 62 36.63
B. People pillar 67 41.62
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 88 43.50
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 67 35.25
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 44 46.10
C. Governance pillar 37 73.17
1st sub-pillar: Trust 28 76.72
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 44 74.52
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 52 68.27

D. Impact pillar 77 52.55

1st sub-pillar: Economy 104 23.46
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 94 58.50 Greece High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 39 75.67

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 61 44.25 C. Governance pillar 37 73.17

1st sub-pillar: Access 68 65.61 1st sub-pillar: Trust 28 76.72
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 41 75.89 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 45 72.57
1.1.2 Handset prices 54 73.78 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 35 94.00
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 123 4.12 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 27 69.78 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 38 97.68 3.1.4 Internet shopping 22 70.53 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 37 76.56 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 44 74.52
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 48 58.92
2nd sub-pillar: Content 52 30.52 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 28 90.48 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 41 23.23 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 66 47.57
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 34 18.81 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 80 61.34 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 50 75.65
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 40 18.71 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 52 68.27
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 62 36.63 3.3.1 E-Participation 55 60.46
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 65 60.14 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 42 86.52
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 110 23.50 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 64 61.30
1.3.3 Robot density 40 4.12 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 42 69.29
1.3.4 Computer software spending 14 58.75 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 65 63.76
B. People pillar 67 41.62 D. Impact pillar 77 52.55
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 88 43.50 1st sub-pillar: Economy 104 23.46
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 52 16.53 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 36 3.18
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 60 57.66 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 53 57.93
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 48 62.27 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 103 23.26 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 78 9.49 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 7 37.55 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 94 58.50
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 67 35.25 4.2.1 Happiness 76 57.83
2.2.1 Firms with website 61 54.79 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 122 36.35 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 56 4.34 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 39 77.38
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 37 58.86 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 28 85.26 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 54 23.04 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 39 75.67
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 44 46.10 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 49 77.42
2.3.1 Government online services 48 75.17 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 43 40.98
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 40 43.61 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 1 100.00 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 56 39.65 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 29 88.16 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 28 25.97 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 59 69.65

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 129

Country/Economy Profiles

Guatemala
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 105 36.52
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 110 26.78 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 111 38.10
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 115 11.57 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 86 30.66
B. People pillar 106 30.74
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 94 41.71
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 84 32.35
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 121 18.16
C. Governance pillar 107 41.51
1st sub-pillar: Trust 122 17.50
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 99 57.68
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 92 49.35

D. Impact pillar 100 47.05

1st sub-pillar: Economy 108 22.74
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 71 67.05 Guatemala Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 113 51.34
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 110 26.78 C. Governance pillar 107 41.51

1st sub-pillar: Access 111 38.10 1st sub-pillar: Trust 122 17.50
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 117 31.43 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 102 37.24
1.1.2 Handset prices 102 41.46 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 123 13.17 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 109 10.35 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 109 10.36 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 96 54.83 3.1.4 Internet shopping 95 9.22
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 113 60.79 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 99 57.68
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 75 29.72 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 87 41.17
2nd sub-pillar: Content 115 11.57 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 120 56.79 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 100 2.27 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 101 26.72
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 79 2.05 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 114 41.18 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 81 63.73
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 112 0.80 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 92 49.35
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 86 30.66 3.3.1 E-Participation 100 31.39
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 74 53.46 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 88 58.29
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 71 37.50 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 101 38.70
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 90 54.50
1.3.4 Computer software spending 124 1.03 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 64 63.86 ●
B. People pillar 106 30.74 D. Impact pillar 100 47.05
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 94 41.71 1st sub-pillar: Economy 108 22.74
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 114 2.31 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 79 0.00 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 86 45.38 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 72 50.85 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 87 41.95 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 107 19.77
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 72 77.19 4.1.4 ICT services exports 51 20.36 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 71 67.05
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 84 32.35 4.2.1 Happiness 39 71.69 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 67 51.29 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 41 84.46 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 108 37.79 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services NA NA 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 97 52.21
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 74 13.41 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 113 51.34
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 121 18.16 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 97 48.39
2.3.1 Government online services 91 49.26 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 74 10.89
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 90 10.02 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 108 64.10
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 106 12.46 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 85 75.66
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 110 0.87 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 76 61.06 ●

130 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Honduras
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 107 36.39
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 114 24.85 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 116 33.99
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 113 11.77 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 91 28.79
B. People pillar 114 27.07
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 98 40.59
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 96 29.16
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 130 11.45
C. Governance pillar 108 41.48
1st sub-pillar: Trust 128 14.11
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 87 62.63
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 97 47.71

D. Impact pillar 79 52.16

1st sub-pillar: Economy 103 23.80
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 76 63.37 Honduras Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 52 69.31

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 114 24.85 C. Governance pillar 108 41.48

1st sub-pillar: Access 116 33.99 1st sub-pillar: Trust 128 14.11
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 125 17.44 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 103 36.51
1.1.2 Handset prices 87 49.84 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 130 2.17 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 84 23.82 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 112 9.19 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 117 17.57 3.1.4 Internet shopping 99 8.58
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 69 70.60 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 87 62.63
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 78 24.71 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 98 36.63
2nd sub-pillar: Content 113 11.77 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 80 76.19
1.2.1 GitHub commits 105 1.82 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 104 22.91
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 109 0.40 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 110 43.93 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 47 77.43 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 108 0.94 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 97 47.71
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 91 28.79 3.3.1 E-Participation 131 8.14 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 102 29.74 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 104 49.12
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 76 35.75 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 96 43.51
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 2 82.74 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 69 20.87 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 80 55.03
B. People pillar 114 27.07 D. Impact pillar 79 52.16
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 98 40.59 1st sub-pillar: Economy 103 23.80
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 73 10.30 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 104 33.91 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 97 41.10
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 99 35.02 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy NA NA
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 68 83.13 4.1.4 ICT services exports 88 6.51
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 76 63.37
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 96 29.16 4.2.1 Happiness 71 59.26 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 90 33.75 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 34 85.32 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 107 38.05 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 75 47.99 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 94 53.00
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 102 5.73 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 52 69.31
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 130 11.45 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 93 56.45
2.3.1 Government online services 130 16.19 ○ 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 74 19.70 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 103 65.81
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 110 9.03 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 79 77.12 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 109 0.89 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 53 73.53 ●

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 131

Country/Economy Profiles

Hong Kong (China)

Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 29 61.77
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 17 62.31 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 5 84.53
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 34 43.31 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 18 59.10
B. People pillar 36 48.33
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 25 58.00
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 28 49.60
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 73 37.39
C. Governance pillar 34 74.43
1st sub-pillar: Trust 27 77.55
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 71 66.70
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 24 79.04

D. Impact pillar 36 62.01

1st sub-pillar: Economy 19 47.19
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 102 50.86 Hong Kong (China) High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 2 87.98
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 17 62.31 C. Governance pillar 34 74.43

1st sub-pillar: Access 5 84.53 1st sub-pillar: Trust 27 77.55
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 7 94.59 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 11 89.09 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 29 87.98 3.1.2 Cybersecurity NA NA
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 50 35.72 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 21 73.50
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 60 88.89 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 23 70.05
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 1 100.00 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 71 66.70
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 12 85.34 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 34 43.31 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 65 83.93 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits NA NA 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 28 69.89
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 20 40.62 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation NA NA

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 4 84.98 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 126 27.66 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 80 4.33 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 24 79.04
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 18 59.10 3.3.1 E-Participation NA NA
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 18 83.93 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 43 85.93
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 15 74.75 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 8 93.27 ●
1.3.3 Robot density 7 43.16 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 62 66.70 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 31 34.57 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 47 70.25
B. People pillar 36 48.33 D. Impact pillar 36 62.01
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 25 58.00 1st sub-pillar: Economy 19 47.19
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 45 19.79 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 12 54.80
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 20 78.36 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 44 60.59
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 7 75.84 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 18 68.90
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 97 4.47 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 102 50.86
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 28 49.60 4.2.1 Happiness 92 47.09 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 64 53.34 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 113 54.62 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 42 57.87 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth NA NA
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 30 37.60 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 2 87.98
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 73 37.39 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being NA NA
2.3.1 Government online services NA NA 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 5 75.63 ●
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 21 57.49 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 35 88.89
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 2 99.42 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 41 17.30 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities NA NA

132 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Hungary
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 42 55.33
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 46 48.21 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 31 76.45
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 47 33.08 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 67 35.09
B. People pillar 64 42.59
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 65 49.16
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 62 36.23
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 60 42.38
C. Governance pillar 38 72.72
1st sub-pillar: Trust 29 76.47
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 38 76.95
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 57 64.74

D. Impact pillar 49 57.80

1st sub-pillar: Economy 82 28.77
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 67 68.06 Hungary High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 36 76.56

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 46 48.21 C. Governance pillar 38 72.72

1st sub-pillar: Access 31 76.45 1st sub-pillar: Trust 29 76.47
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 26 81.65 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 24 82.98 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 39 83.64 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 43 91.25
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 53 34.70 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 29 67.14 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 58 91.02 3.1.4 Internet shopping 28 64.52 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 87 67.67 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 38 76.95
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 52 57.56
2nd sub-pillar: Content 47 33.08 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 14 94.05 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 35 32.64 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 46 59.02
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 28 24.69 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 59 66.57 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 55 74.12
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 63 8.44 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 57 64.74
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 67 35.09 3.3.1 E-Participation 75 50.01 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 38 71.84 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 55 81.42
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 99 28.25 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 58 65.38
1.3.3 Robot density 22 17.26 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 21 71.46 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 59 23.02 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 78 55.43 ○
B. People pillar 64 42.59 D. Impact pillar 49 57.80
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 65 49.16 1st sub-pillar: Economy 82 28.77
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 54 15.06 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 25 13.86
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 83 45.95 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 52 58.04
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 45 62.92 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 97 27.33 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 20 98.68 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 59 15.87
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 18 23.18 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 67 68.06
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 62 36.23 4.2.1 Happiness 59 61.58
2.2.1 Firms with website 50 61.21 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 90 64.40 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 57 4.29 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 17 86.89 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 52 54.11 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 55 69.50
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 48 25.33 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 36 76.56
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 60 42.38 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 41 80.65
2.3.1 Government online services 56 71.98 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 29 57.85
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 28 91.45
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 89 25.66 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 58 82.53
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 24 29.50 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 63 68.19

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 133

Country/Economy Profiles

Iceland
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 25 64.86
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 22 58.85 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 54 69.02
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 7 60.45 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 35 47.09
B. People pillar 24 53.87
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 96 41.01
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 15 58.14
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 21 62.47
C. Governance pillar 18 82.07
1st sub-pillar: Trust 10 85.92
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 35 78.26
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 13 82.01

D. Impact pillar 30 64.66

1st sub-pillar: Economy 57 34.01
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 2 94.56 Iceland High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 69 65.42
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 22 58.85 C. Governance pillar 18 82.07

1st sub-pillar: Access 54 69.02 1st sub-pillar: Trust 10 85.92
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 22 83.35 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 10 89.63 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 11 96.57 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 66 79.83
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 112 9.89 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 5 91.11 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 57 93.19 3.1.4 Internet shopping 11 83.12
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 107 62.08 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 35 78.26
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 20 78.71
2nd sub-pillar: Content 7 60.45 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 46 86.90
1.2.1 GitHub commits 8 81.98 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 23 75.90
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 1 100.00 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 86 59.35 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 54 74.81
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 120 0.49 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 13 82.01
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 35 47.09 3.3.1 E-Participation 17 79.08
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 20 82.24 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 4 99.45 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 24 65.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 33 79.33
1.3.3 Robot density 27 11.36 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 35 70.20
1.3.4 Computer software spending 39 29.00 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments NA NA
B. People pillar 24 53.87 D. Impact pillar 30 64.66
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 96 41.01 1st sub-pillar: Economy 57 34.01
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 108 2.53 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 26 11.83
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 9 84.01 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 127 30.52 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 40 63.76 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 29 62.21
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 30 31.50
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 30 13.73 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 2 94.56
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 15 58.14 4.2.1 Happiness 2 96.96 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 19 81.01 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 17 92.13
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 1 100.00 ● 4.2.3 Income inequality 6 94.86 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 106 40.87 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 10 94.30
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 79 10.68 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 69 65.42
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 21 62.47 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 2 96.77 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 16 87.48 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 40 45.46
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 1 100.00 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 36 49.63 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 129 17.84 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 13 50.30 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 1 100.00 ●

134 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

India
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 49 53.63
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 34 52.56 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 41 73.93
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 33 44.33 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 52 39.40
B. People pillar 29 51.62
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 17 62.91
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 36 46.11
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 48 45.83
C. Governance pillar 88 49.79
1st sub-pillar: Trust 76 41.19
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 79 64.13
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 105 44.04

D. Impact pillar 40 60.56

1st sub-pillar: Economy 13 57.49
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 82 61.59 India Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 75 62.60

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 34 52.56 C. Governance pillar 88 49.79

1st sub-pillar: Access 41 73.93 1st sub-pillar: Trust 76 41.19
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 50 71.76 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 71 49.16
1.1.2 Handset prices 58 69.75 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 15 97.50 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 2 78.92 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 111 9.21 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 72 87.84 3.1.4 Internet shopping 97 8.89
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 2 96.41 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 79 64.13
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 69 38.91 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 74 46.84
2nd sub-pillar: Content 33 44.33 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 71 83.33
1.2.1 GitHub commits 75 4.77 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 34 66.81
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 99 0.84 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 36 71.71 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 104 48.65 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 1 100.00 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 105 44.04
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 52 39.40 3.3.1 E-Participation 61 58.14
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 42 68.49 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 97 54.30
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 26 64.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 73 58.17
1.3.3 Robot density 49 0.94 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 105 0.00 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 55 23.94 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 90 49.60
B. People pillar 29 51.62 D. Impact pillar 40 60.56
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 17 62.91 1st sub-pillar: Economy 13 57.49
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 2 93.08 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 47 1.31
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 110 28.46 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 3 91.16 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 102 25.28 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 70 37.50
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 86 67.76 ○ 4.1.4 ICT services exports 1 100.00 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 1 100.00 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 82 61.59
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 36 46.11 4.2.1 Happiness 100 33.01
2.2.1 Firms with website 84 37.50 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 29 88.95
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 43 9.85 4.2.3 Income inequality 38 77.63
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 4 82.90 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 103 48.00 ○
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 11 54.18 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 75 62.60
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 48 45.83 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 95 54.84
2.3.1 Government online services 42 77.17 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 31 48.86 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 106 64.96 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 42 45.81 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 77 77.19
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 55 11.49 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 115 36.45 ○

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 135

Country/Economy Profiles

Indonesia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 48 53.84
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 27 56.08 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 20 79.26
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 35 42.86 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 38 46.12
B. People pillar 37 48.26
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 29 57.42
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 72 34.53
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 28 52.83
C. Governance pillar 69 57.53
1st sub-pillar: Trust 70 48.41
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 86 62.68
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 67 61.51

D. Impact pillar 74 53.49

1st sub-pillar: Economy 43 39.30
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 65 68.23 Indonesia Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 106 52.94
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 27 56.08 C. Governance pillar 69 57.53

1st sub-pillar: Access 20 79.26 1st sub-pillar: Trust 70 48.41
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 34 77.10 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 58 60.20
1.1.2 Handset prices 48 79.30 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 31 94.92
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 7 66.87 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 97 18.07 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 86 78.36 3.1.4 Internet shopping 69 20.45
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 6 89.86 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 86 62.68
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 48 84.08 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 59 52.86
2nd sub-pillar: Content 35 42.86 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 121 55.95 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 87 4.19 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 37 65.09
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 89 1.39 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 63 65.87 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 116 39.51 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 1 100.00 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 67 61.51
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 38 46.12 3.3.1 E-Participation 37 70.93
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 17 83.94 ● 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 59 78.99
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 28 62.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 46 70.19
1.3.3 Robot density 51 0.67 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 86 56.42
1.3.4 Computer software spending 27 37.11 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 109 30.99 ○
B. People pillar 37 48.26 D. Impact pillar 74 53.49
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 29 57.42 1st sub-pillar: Economy 43 39.30
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 6 60.38 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 76 0.02 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 13 81.80 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 7 80.64 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 88 41.85 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 17 69.77 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 45 94.25 4.1.4 ICT services exports 87 6.77
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 37 8.80 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 65 68.23
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 72 34.53 4.2.1 Happiness 80 55.59
2.2.1 Firms with website 90 33.75 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 28 89.09
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 65 2.56 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 66 69.15
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 14 72.35 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 98 50.88
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 41 29.46 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 106 52.94
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 28 52.83 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 101 41.94
2.3.1 Government online services 51 73.96 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 72 13.06 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 43 42.17 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 112 59.83 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 4 90.30 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 38 85.75
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 81 4.88 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 71 64.30

136 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Iran, Islamic Rep.
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 79 45.51
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 54 45.40 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 104 42.63
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 38 40.21 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 24 53.35
B. People pillar 47 45.83
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 39 54.88
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 18 57.25
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 104 25.36
C. Governance pillar 81 52.62
1st sub-pillar: Trust 55 57.84
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 124 40.41
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 72 59.62

D. Impact pillar 120 38.18

1st sub-pillar: Economy 99 24.93
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 103 50.85 Iran, Islamic Rep. Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 132 38.75

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 54 45.40 C. Governance pillar 81 52.62

1st sub-pillar: Access 104 42.63 1st sub-pillar: Trust 55 57.84
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 81 58.91 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 56 61.87
1.1.2 Handset prices 96 44.36 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 62 81.08
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 83 25.52 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 45 52.75 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 104 37.66 3.1.4 Internet shopping 56 35.68
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 26 78.77 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 124 40.41
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 82 10.55 ○ 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 131 10.64 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 38 40.21 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 59 84.52
1.2.1 GitHub commits 103 1.94 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 99 28.51
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 61 4.59 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 95 54.31 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 132 3.36 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 1 100.00 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 72 59.62
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 24 53.35 3.3.1 E-Participation 127 16.28 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 59 62.60 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 38 88.98 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 101 27.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 91 47.84
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 67 66.24
1.3.4 Computer software spending 3 69.72 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 9 78.75 ●
B. People pillar 47 45.83 D. Impact pillar 120 38.18
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 39 54.88 1st sub-pillar: Economy 99 24.93
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 9 48.08 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 56 0.54
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 91 41.90 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 19 71.64 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 85 45.32 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 99 26.16
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 67 84.21 4.1.4 ICT services exports 124 1.38 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 103 50.85
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 18 57.25 4.2.1 Happiness 97 40.29
2.2.1 Firms with website NA NA 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 121 40.80 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 55 72.49
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 15 72.12 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 50 70.44
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 25 42.37 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 132 38.75
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 104 25.36 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 64 72.58
2.3.1 Government online services 111 35.85 ○ 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 132 5.98 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 85 26.19 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 124 39.84 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 46 14.03 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 62 68.25

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 137

Country/Economy Profiles

Ireland
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 19 66.20
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 30 54.54 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 60 66.79
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 36 42.74 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 21 54.09
B. People pillar 35 48.59
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 70 48.35
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 31 47.79
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 33 49.64
C. Governance pillar 23 80.78
1st sub-pillar: Trust 14 83.60
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 28 81.31
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 28 77.42

D. Impact pillar 3 80.90

1st sub-pillar: Economy 6 66.48
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 12 85.96 Ireland High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 1 90.27
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 30 54.54 C. Governance pillar 23 80.78

1st sub-pillar: Access 60 66.79 1st sub-pillar: Trust 14 83.60
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 3 98.04 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 6 93.04 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 1 100.00 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 54 85.83 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 100 15.37 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 23 73.00
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 96 54.83 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 12 82.53
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 96 65.71 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 28 81.31
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 10 86.51 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 36 42.74 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 3 97.62 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 17 59.59 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 35 65.91
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 22 35.64 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 30 72.75 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 91 56.52 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 85 2.97 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 28 77.42
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 21 54.09 3.3.1 E-Participation 47 67.44
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 23 79.09 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 25 93.94
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 18 70.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 38 77.16
1.3.3 Robot density 30 9.59 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 16 74.07
1.3.4 Computer software spending 17 57.17 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 31 74.48
B. People pillar 35 48.59 D. Impact pillar 3 80.90
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 70 48.35 1st sub-pillar: Economy 6 66.48
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 94 5.17 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 16 41.03
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 4 88.22 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 38 63.25
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 22 69.10 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 31 61.63
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 1 100.00 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 12 30.90 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 12 85.96
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 31 47.79 4.2.1 Happiness 18 80.45
2.2.1 Firms with website 24 77.19 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 24 89.49
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 28 19.61 4.2.3 Income inequality 23 84.58
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 36 59.09 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 17 91.33
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 34 35.26 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 1 90.27
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 33 49.64 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 24 87.10
2.3.1 Government online services 45 75.64 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 8 68.87 ●
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 13 68.28 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 1 100.00 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 66 35.76 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 1 100.00 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 38 18.86 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 4 97.34 ●

138 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Israel
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 13 70.46
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 28 55.18 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 44 73.24
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 19 49.01 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 43 43.28
B. People pillar 5 68.91
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 11 68.17
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 7 65.00
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 5 73.55
C. Governance pillar 29 77.76
1st sub-pillar: Trust 36 71.37
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 21 84.00
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 26 77.90

D. Impact pillar 4 80.00

1st sub-pillar: Economy 1 86.09
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 35 76.47 Israel High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 33 77.44

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 28 55.18 C. Governance pillar 29 77.76

1st sub-pillar: Access 44 73.24 1st sub-pillar: Trust 36 71.37
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 27 80.99 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 42 75.18
1.1.2 Handset prices 31 87.48 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 44 90.92
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 87 23.29 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 38 61.11
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 60 88.89 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 37 58.28
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 92 66.78 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 21 84.00
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 45 92.01 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 24 76.34
2nd sub-pillar: Content 19 49.01 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 93 69.64 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 7 83.42 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 4 92.28 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 37 16.62 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 3 85.07 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 35 81.75
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 54 10.92 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 26 77.90
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 43 43.28 3.3.1 E-Participation 37 70.93
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 36 89.70
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 2 96.25 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 5 95.91 ●
1.3.3 Robot density 26 11.37 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 30 70.35
1.3.4 Computer software spending 65 22.23 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 67 62.61 ○
B. People pillar 5 68.91 D. Impact pillar 4 80.00
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 11 68.17 1st sub-pillar: Economy 1 86.09
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 50 18.65 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 6 99.66 ●
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 3 88.78 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 47 60.38
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 35 65.26 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 8 84.30 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 1 100.00 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 1 100.00 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 35 76.47
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 7 65.00 4.2.1 Happiness 20 79.71
2.2.1 Firms with website 60 56.42 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 76 71.57 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 1 100.00 ● 4.2.3 Income inequality 77 64.52 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 44 57.20 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 16 91.75
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 16 46.38 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 33 77.44
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 5 73.55 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 14 90.32
2.3.1 Government online services 21 86.13 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 36 53.00
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 36 46.44 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 83 73.50 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 25 61.64 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 18 90.50
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 1 100.00 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 10 95.18

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 139

Country/Economy Profiles

Italy
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 26 63.60
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 24 57.84 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 35 75.49
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 30 44.87 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 25 53.15
B. People pillar 21 54.87
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 30 57.00
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 26 51.47
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 25 56.15
C. Governance pillar 28 77.92
1st sub-pillar: Trust 30 75.07
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 27 81.49
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 29 77.22

D. Impact pillar 34 63.75

1st sub-pillar: Economy 37 40.21
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 64 68.50 Italy High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 19 82.55
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 24 57.84 C. Governance pillar 28 77.92

1st sub-pillar: Access 35 75.49 1st sub-pillar: Trust 30 75.07
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 13 86.72 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 35 79.29
1.1.2 Handset prices 44 81.60 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 27 96.17
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 35 41.43 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 40 60.61
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 29 64.19
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 53 73.21 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 27 81.49
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 55 70.00 ○ 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 46 60.02
2nd sub-pillar: Content 30 44.87 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 1 100.00 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 44 20.24 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 38 64.91
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 29 23.82 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 60 66.55 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 33 82.51
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 12 68.86 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 29 77.22
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 25 53.15 3.3.1 E-Participation 32 72.10
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 26 77.91 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 28 92.67
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 61 41.00 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 41 75.00
1.3.3 Robot density 14 29.57 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 63 66.56 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 6 64.12 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 6 79.77 ●
B. People pillar 21 54.87 D. Impact pillar 34 63.75
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 30 57.00 1st sub-pillar: Economy 37 40.21
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 10 47.97 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 27 11.05
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 45 62.68 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 13 77.57 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 43 63.30 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 32 61.34
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 17 99.05 4.1.4 ICT services exports 72 10.90 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 32 12.02 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 64 68.50
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 26 51.47 4.2.1 Happiness 50 67.78
2.2.1 Firms with website 35 70.91 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 112 54.89 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 51 5.51 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 55 72.49 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 8 75.64 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 11 93.15 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 12 53.83 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 19 82.55
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 25 56.15 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 21 88.71
2.3.1 Government online services 23 85.18 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 31 57.67
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 28 52.77 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 15 96.58
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 28 60.08 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 24 89.62
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 27 26.56 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 30 83.93

140 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Jamaica
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 93 42.50
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 86 36.06 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 87 56.72
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 108 14.05 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 59 37.41
B. People pillar 108 29.56
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 115 30.58
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 117 24.11
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 82 33.99
C. Governance pillar 75 53.92
1st sub-pillar: Trust 105 27.96
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 31 80.48
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 84 53.31

D. Impact pillar 89 50.48

1st sub-pillar: Economy 106 23.08
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 70 67.24 Jamaica Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 84 61.10

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 86 36.06 C. Governance pillar 75 53.92

1st sub-pillar: Access 87 56.72 1st sub-pillar: Trust 105 27.96
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 114 34.87 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 96 40.89
1.1.2 Handset prices 91 45.69 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 106 32.50 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 77 26.64 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 93 20.52
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 60 88.89 3.1.4 Internet shopping 75 17.93
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 98 65.42 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 31 80.48
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 51 78.83 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 60 52.49 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 108 14.05 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 88 73.21
1.2.1 GitHub commits 93 3.18 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies NA NA
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 91 1.32 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 101 51.18 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 7 96.22 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 119 0.51 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 84 53.31
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 59 37.41 3.3.1 E-Participation 105 26.75 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 89 42.13 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 90 56.09
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 70 38.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 66 60.34 ●
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 3 82.51 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 32 32.11 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 99 40.88
B. People pillar 108 29.56 D. Impact pillar 89 50.48
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 115 30.58 1st sub-pillar: Economy 106 23.08
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 84 6.57 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 53 0.73
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 97 36.75 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 122 33.48 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 77 48.41 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 55 44.77 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 65 13.36 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 70 67.24
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 117 24.11 4.2.1 Happiness 68 59.48
2.2.1 Firms with website 104 25.16 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 39 84.66 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 25 21.09 ● 4.2.3 Income inequality 84 58.61
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 94 43.71 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 88 56.58
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 96 6.47 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 84 61.10
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 82 33.99 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 64 72.58
2.3.1 Government online services 99 43.79 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 63 24.51
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 71 22.15 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 106 64.96 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 64 36.03 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 67 79.82 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 42 77.67 ●

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 141

Country/Economy Profiles

Japan
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 12 70.96
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 14 63.78 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 7 82.85
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 32 44.34 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 11 64.14
B. People pillar 4 69.33
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 3 77.44
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 8 63.76
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 13 66.79
C. Governance pillar 26 79.36
1st sub-pillar: Trust 40 70.23
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 24 82.97
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 7 84.87

D. Impact pillar 15 71.39

1st sub-pillar: Economy 10 60.84
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 46 72.41 Japan High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 27 80.91
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 14 63.78 C. Governance pillar 26 79.36

1st sub-pillar: Access 7 82.85 1st sub-pillar: Trust 40 70.23
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 44 74.35 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 30 80.09
1.1.2 Handset prices 9 98.29 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 12 97.83
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 8 65.34 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 61 42.67 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 29 98.83 3.1.4 Internet shopping 32 60.33
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 32 77.40 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 24 82.97
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 17 81.79
2nd sub-pillar: Content 32 44.34 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 93 69.64 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 40 24.66 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 26 74.91
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 42 11.05 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 41 71.04 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 18 88.50
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 11 70.60 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 7 84.87
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 11 64.14 3.3.1 E-Participation 1 100.00 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 10 91.43 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 21 96.17
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 9 80.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 2 97.60 ●
1.3.3 Robot density 5 54.36 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 82 58.83 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 34 30.78 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 41 71.73
B. People pillar 4 69.33 D. Impact pillar 15 71.39
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 3 77.44 1st sub-pillar: Economy 10 60.84
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 7 60.19 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 1 100.00 ●
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 14 81.30 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 4 84.40 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 29 68.26 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 49 50.29 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 79 8.68 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 1 100.00 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 46 72.41
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 8 63.76 4.2.1 Happiness 65 60.36 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website NA NA 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 81 68.18 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 14 34.93 4.2.3 Income inequality 39 77.38
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 3 89.49 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 1 100.00 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 5 66.85 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 27 80.91
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 13 66.79 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 24 87.10
2.3.1 Government online services 10 89.99 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 3 80.82 ●
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 93 70.94 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 34 51.15 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 45 84.21 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 5 59.24 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 22 88.26

142 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Jordan
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 74 47.04
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 58 44.69 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 88 56.33
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 65 25.71 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 27 52.04
B. People pillar 48 45.68
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 21 59.36
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 71 34.61
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 58 43.09
C. Governance pillar 73 55.22
1st sub-pillar: Trust 94 34.06
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 83 63.49
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 53 68.11

D. Impact pillar 112 42.55

1st sub-pillar: Economy 91 26.35
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 104 50.20 Jordan Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 114 51.09

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 58 44.69 C. Governance pillar 73 55.22

1st sub-pillar: Access 88 56.33 1st sub-pillar: Trust 94 34.06
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 107 41.03 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 99 38.62
1.1.2 Handset prices 72 60.63 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 78 70.92
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 48 35.74 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 108 10.85 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 52 94.30 3.1.4 Internet shopping 79 15.85
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 46 74.75 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 83 63.49
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 74 31.56 ○ 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 64 51.70
2nd sub-pillar: Content 65 25.71 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 65 83.93
1.2.1 GitHub commits 79 4.58 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 45 59.24
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 80 2.02 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 27 73.59 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 107 47.57 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 36 22.64 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 53 68.11
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 27 52.04 3.3.1 E-Participation 67 53.49
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 29 76.84 ● 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 95 54.42
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 44 49.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 42 74.52 ●
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 84 58.09 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 35 30.03 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 1 100.00 ●
B. People pillar 48 45.68 D. Impact pillar 112 42.55
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 21 59.36 1st sub-pillar: Economy 91 26.35
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 48 19.31 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 55 0.55
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 22 77.52 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 85 46.72
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 79 47.75 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 38 57.27 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 51 92.84 4.1.4 ICT services exports 129 0.84 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 104 50.20
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 71 34.61 4.2.1 Happiness 114 24.51 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 32 74.39 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 91 64.35
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 55 4.57 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 72 48.78 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 44 73.29
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 79 10.68 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 114 51.09
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 58 43.09 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 90 58.06
2.3.1 Government online services 73 62.36 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 78 9.05 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 65 25.98 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 123 44.44 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 19 71.67 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 51 83.19
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 50 12.36 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 44 77.30

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 143

Country/Economy Profiles

Kazakhstan
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 61 50.52
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 81 38.29 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 56 68.65
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 85 19.64 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 100 26.59
B. People pillar 53 44.56
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 34 56.21
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 99 28.74
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 36 48.74
C. Governance pillar 53 65.06
1st sub-pillar: Trust 47 66.25
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 106 54.73
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 39 74.19

D. Impact pillar 66 54.15

1st sub-pillar: Economy 95 25.84
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 34 76.69 Kazakhstan Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 90 59.93
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 81 38.29 C. Governance pillar 53 65.06

1st sub-pillar: Access 56 68.65 1st sub-pillar: Trust 47 66.25
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 17 84.81 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 52 64.66
1.1.2 Handset prices 62 66.16 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 38 93.17
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 41 38.64 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 34 63.62
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 87 76.14 3.1.4 Internet shopping 49 43.53
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 30 77.51 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 106 54.73
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 71 47.76
2nd sub-pillar: Content 85 19.64 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 129 45.24 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 70 5.79 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 72 45.92
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 77 2.25 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 66 65.00 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 119 34.75 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 72 5.50 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 39 74.19
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 100 26.59 3.3.1 E-Participation 15 80.23 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 91 41.78 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 9 98.66 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 73 37.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 71 59.86
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 70 65.95
1.3.4 Computer software spending 125 0.99 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 58 66.23
B. People pillar 53 44.56 D. Impact pillar 66 54.15
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 34 56.21 1st sub-pillar: Economy 95 25.84
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 27 34.00 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 68 0.12 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 109 28.97 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 40 62.29
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 49 62.08 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 76 35.76
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 6 99.78 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 94 5.20
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 34 76.69
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 99 28.74 4.2.1 Happiness 45 68.99
2.2.1 Firms with website 75 42.09 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 27 89.14 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 68 2.32 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 17 86.89 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 83 45.96 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 86 57.00
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 50 24.59 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 90 59.93
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 36 48.74 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 37 82.26
2.3.1 Government online services 8 92.75 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 52 30.71
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 25 54.05 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 101 66.67 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 41 45.98 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 103 65.50 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 101 2.16 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 56 71.43

144 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Kenya
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 73 47.06
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 73 41.09 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 82 59.12
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 83 20.69 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 42 43.45
B. People pillar 89 37.85
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 89 43.29
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 89 31.38
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 65 38.89
C. Governance pillar 68 57.77
1st sub-pillar: Trust 71 48.38
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 60 68.39
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 76 56.56

D. Impact pillar 82 51.51

1st sub-pillar: Economy 40 39.92
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 109 48.22 Kenya Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 65 66.39

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 73 41.09 C. Governance pillar 68 57.77

1st sub-pillar: Access 82 59.12 1st sub-pillar: Trust 71 48.38
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 73 61.79 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 87 43.98
1.1.2 Handset prices 128 18.13 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 59 81.67
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 28 45.74 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 51 49.65
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 81 78.92 3.1.4 Internet shopping 74 18.23
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 5 91.04 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 60 68.39
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 91 39.08
2nd sub-pillar: Content 83 20.69 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 34 89.29 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 55 10.01 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 75 44.45
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 98 0.88 ○ 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 90 56.55 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 67 69.12
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 45 15.31 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 76 56.56
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 42 43.45 3.3.1 E-Participation 64 56.97
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 71 56.41 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 69 72.59
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 32 60.00 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 82 51.44
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 98 36.09 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 83 13.95 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 60 65.69
B. People pillar 89 37.85 D. Impact pillar 82 51.51
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 89 43.29 1st sub-pillar: Economy 40 39.92
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 62 13.10 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 71 0.08 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 40 67.54 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 57 55.92
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 110 17.13 ○ 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 40 56.10 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 74 75.37 4.1.4 ICT services exports 17 47.58 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 109 48.22
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 89 31.38 4.2.1 Happiness 105 29.03 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 83 38.34 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 102 61.22 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 47 7.20 4.2.3 Income inequality 79 62.47
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 51 54.59 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 105 46.33 ○
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 47 25.37 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 65 66.39
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 65 38.89 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 105 38.71 ○
2.3.1 Government online services 68 64.87 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 89 10.84 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 71 77.78
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 50 40.97 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 90 73.17
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 79 57.73

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 145

Country/Economy Profiles

Korea, Rep.
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 5 74.85
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 10 66.78 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 14 79.89
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 18 49.98 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 5 70.46
B. People pillar 1 79.28
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 1 81.87
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 2 70.95
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 1 85.02
C. Governance pillar 22 80.93
1st sub-pillar: Trust 9 86.29
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 41 75.88
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 18 80.62

D. Impact pillar 13 72.40

1st sub-pillar: Economy 8 64.29
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 44 72.74 Korea, Rep. High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 28 80.16
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 10 66.78 C. Governance pillar 22 80.93

1st sub-pillar: Access 14 79.89 1st sub-pillar: Trust 9 86.29
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 74 61.23 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 48 69.34
1.1.2 Handset prices 45 81.32 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 5 98.50
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 13 58.48 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 8 87.41
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 29 98.83 3.1.4 Internet shopping 5 89.92 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 23 79.50 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 41 75.88
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 28 74.90
2nd sub-pillar: Content 18 49.98 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 105 65.71 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 20 56.13 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 32 67.11
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 48 8.04 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 18 74.73 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 61 71.68 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 15 61.03 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 18 80.62
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 5 70.46 3.3.1 E-Participation 9 94.19
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 1 100.00 ● 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 26 93.43
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 34 59.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 32 81.01
1.3.3 Robot density 1 100.00 ● 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 53 67.80 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 64 22.34 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 56 66.67 ○
B. People pillar 1 79.28 D. Impact pillar 13 72.40
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 1 81.87 1st sub-pillar: Economy 8 64.29
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 15 45.18 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 1 100.00 ●
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 10 83.32 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 14 76.72
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 6 82.58 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 20 68.31
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 23 98.25 4.1.4 ICT services exports 67 12.14 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 1 100.00 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 44 72.74
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 2 70.95 4.2.1 Happiness 56 64.83
2.2.1 Firms with website 40 66.03 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 87 65.70 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 1 100.00 ● 4.2.3 Income inequality 39 77.38
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 9 74.35 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 3 98.00 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 21 43.44 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 28 80.16
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 1 85.02 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 2 96.77 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 3 98.08 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 4 77.02 ●
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 2 86.13 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 52 83.76
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 21 67.16 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 97 69.08 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 2 88.70 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 29 84.81

146 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Kuwait
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 67 49.30
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 68 43.06 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 53 69.39
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 91 17.99 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 46 41.80
B. People pillar 70 40.55
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 19 61.72
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 102 27.35
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 88 32.59
C. Governance pillar 71 55.79
1st sub-pillar: Trust 69 48.59
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 84 63.41
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 79 55.39

D. Impact pillar 50 57.80

1st sub-pillar: Economy 48 38.36
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 9 87.06 Kuwait High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 118 47.97

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 68 43.06 C. Governance pillar 71 55.79

1st sub-pillar: Access 53 69.39 1st sub-pillar: Trust 69 48.59
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 61 65.68 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 78 47.92
1.1.2 Handset prices 56 72.92 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 73 75.08
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 122 4.97 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account NA NA
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 65 22.76
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 55 72.75 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 84 63.41
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 57 52.95
2nd sub-pillar: Content 91 17.99 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 96 69.05
1.2.1 GitHub commits 102 1.98 ○ 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 76 43.35
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 70 3.08 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 65 65.54 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 98 51.68
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 97 1.36 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 79 55.39
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 46 41.80 3.3.1 E-Participation 67 53.49
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 99 33.55 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 63 76.49
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 57 42.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 48 68.51
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 26 70.93 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 22 49.34 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 122 7.53 ○
B. People pillar 70 40.55 D. Impact pillar 50 57.80
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 19 61.72 1st sub-pillar: Economy 48 38.36
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 30 30.80 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 79 0.00 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 98 36.44 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 64 53.22
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 3 84.93 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 45 53.20
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 43 94.71 4.1.4 ICT services exports 18 47.04 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 9 87.06
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 102 27.35 4.2.1 Happiness 8 87.40 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website NA NA 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 30 88.60 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 96 43.05 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 30 83.29 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 78 11.66 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 118 47.97
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 88 32.59 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 45 79.03
2.3.1 Government online services 66 66.55 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 130 15.38 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 83 28.04 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 119 51.32 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 91 3.18 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 50 75.41

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 147

Country/Economy Profiles

Kyrgyzstan
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 86 44.16
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 97 31.54 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 89 56.07
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 90 18.58 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 115 19.97
B. People pillar 80 39.00
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 58 49.90
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 57 37.33
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 96 29.77
C. Governance pillar 89 49.69
1st sub-pillar: Trust 97 32.78
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 111 52.70
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 58 63.59

D. Impact pillar 55 56.39

1st sub-pillar: Economy 107 22.97
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 29 78.38 Kyrgyzstan Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 59 67.82
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 97 31.54 C. Governance pillar 89 49.69

1st sub-pillar: Access 89 56.07 1st sub-pillar: Trust 97 32.78
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 96 46.99 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 77 48.21
1.1.2 Handset prices 99 43.31 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 96 49.67
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 39 39.13 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 90 22.38
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 52 94.30 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 88 10.87
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 65 71.31 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 111 52.70
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 67 41.37 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 105 33.17 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 90 18.58 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 106 65.48 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 61 8.31 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 91 32.43
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 104 0.54 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 70 63.94 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 89 57.43
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 96 1.53 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 58 63.59
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 115 19.97 3.3.1 E-Participation 78 48.84
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 97 36.26 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 29 92.28 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 119 19.25 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 98 41.35
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 106 4.39 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 40 71.88 ●
B. People pillar 80 39.00 D. Impact pillar 55 56.39
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 58 49.90 1st sub-pillar: Economy 107 22.97
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 49 18.85 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 85 45.45 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 114 35.81 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 96 35.86 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 93 28.49
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 11 99.44 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 95 4.62
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 29 78.38
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 57 37.33 4.2.1 Happiness 66 60.35
2.2.1 Firms with website 47 63.50 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 5 96.35 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 8 94.09 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 88 45.29 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 76 62.80
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 112 3.20 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 59 67.82
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 96 29.77 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 80 64.52
2.3.1 Government online services 80 57.74 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 75 19.11 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 98 68.38
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 51 40.80 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 95 70.32
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 106 1.42 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 70 65.02

148 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Lao PDR
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 108 36.36
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 101 30.32 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 105 41.75
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 129 1.03 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 31 48.17
B. People pillar 101 32.12
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 76 47.38
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 131 7.24
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 62 41.75
C. Governance pillar 129 28.23
1st sub-pillar: Trust 117 20.13
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 130 34.51
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 123 30.05

D. Impact pillar 63 54.79

1st sub-pillar: Economy 64 32.55
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 74 65.73 Lao PDR Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 66 66.10

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 101 30.32 C. Governance pillar 129 28.23

1st sub-pillar: Access 105 41.75 1st sub-pillar: Trust 117 20.13
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 95 48.04 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 112 31.56
1.1.2 Handset prices 84 51.76 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 116 20.33
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 104 14.53 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 96 18.12
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 108 33.91 3.1.4 Internet shopping 90 10.48
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 115 60.49 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 130 34.51
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 121 24.85 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 129 1.03 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 130 25.83 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 118 0.56 ○ 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 70 46.85
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 75 2.36 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00

1.2.3 Mobile apps development NA NA 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 133 0.00 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 129 0.18 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 123 30.05
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 31 48.17 3.3.1 E-Participation 112 24.42
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 35 74.46 ● 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 127 14.18 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 52 46.25 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 74 56.49 ●
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 56 23.81 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 113 25.09 ○
B. People pillar 101 32.12 D. Impact pillar 63 54.79
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 76 47.38 1st sub-pillar: Economy 64 32.55
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 105 2.86 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 42 63.88 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 99 40.99
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 89 40.82 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 42 54.36 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 70 81.96 4.1.4 ICT services exports 114 2.29
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 74 65.73
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 131 7.24 4.2.1 Happiness 85 50.97
2.2.1 Firms with website 108 18.51 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 22 89.72 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 80 62.21
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 123 0.00 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 99 50.79
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 112 3.20 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 66 66.10
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 62 41.75 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 107 37.10
2.3.1 Government online services 126 22.69 ○ 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 62 80.34 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 27 60.82 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 82 76.90
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 103 45.00

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 149

Country/Economy Profiles

Latvia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 37 57.68
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 55 45.04 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 47 71.71
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 45 34.87 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 92 28.53
B. People pillar 61 43.25
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 68 48.66
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 60 36.69
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 53 44.41
C. Governance pillar 20 81.35
1st sub-pillar: Trust 19 81.15
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 20 85.21
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 27 77.68

D. Impact pillar 39 61.08

1st sub-pillar: Economy 59 33.59
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 53 71.14 Latvia High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 32 78.51
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 55 45.04 C. Governance pillar 20 81.35

1st sub-pillar: Access 47 71.71 1st sub-pillar: Trust 19 81.15
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 58 66.00 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 37 79.16
1.1.2 Handset prices 25 88.83 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 21 97.25 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 88 23.02 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 14 81.87 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 60 88.89 3.1.4 Internet shopping 27 66.34
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 104 63.52 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 20 85.21
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 26 75.51 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 45 34.87 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 46 86.90
1.2.1 GitHub commits 29 38.76 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 39 63.65
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 32 21.52 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 11 77.58 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 1 100.00 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 94 1.62 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 27 77.68
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 92 28.53 3.3.1 E-Participation 29 73.25
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 69 58.75 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 30 91.94
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 54 44.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 31 81.25
1.3.3 Robot density 47 1.81 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 28 70.66
1.3.4 Computer software spending 94 8.81 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 44 71.31
B. People pillar 61 43.25 D. Impact pillar 39 61.08
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 68 48.66 1st sub-pillar: Economy 59 33.59
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 58 14.42 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 79 0.00 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 65 54.75 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 96 41.30 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 19 70.22 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 39 56.40
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 4 99.83 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 23 36.66 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 43 4.08 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 53 71.14
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 60 36.69 4.2.1 Happiness 46 68.90
2.2.1 Firms with website 49 62.49 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 71 74.71
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 16 32.29 4.2.3 Income inequality 50 73.78
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 99 42.34 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 64 65.86
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 84 9.62 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 32 78.51
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 53 44.41 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 57 74.19
2.3.1 Government online services 35 79.39 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 22 60.60
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 32 47.48 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 1 100.00 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 60 38.48 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 41 85.31
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 51 12.28 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 73 62.07

150 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Lesotho
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 123 27.65
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 128 13.75 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 126 25.40
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 131 0.73 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 124 15.12
B. People pillar 121 23.58
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 116 28.73
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 112 24.72
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 124 17.30
C. Governance pillar 104 43.99
1st sub-pillar: Trust 112 22.84
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 118 47.40
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 66 61.72

D. Impact pillar 132 29.29

1st sub-pillar: Economy 128 15.37
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 132 26.65 Lesotho Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 124 45.85

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 128 13.75 C. Governance pillar 104 43.99

1st sub-pillar: Access 126 25.40 1st sub-pillar: Trust 112 22.84
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 122 20.92 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 109 33.47
1.1.2 Handset prices 109 36.49 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 127 9.08
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 114 9.11 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 83 28.25 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 93 60.49 3.1.4 Internet shopping 68 20.57 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 133 0.00 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 118 47.40
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 104 33.58
2nd sub-pillar: Content 131 0.73 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 102 66.43
1.2.1 GitHub commits 116 0.77 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 108 16.43
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 112 0.34 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 119 50.00

1.2.3 Mobile apps development NA NA 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 63 70.58 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 104 1.08 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 66 61.72
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 124 15.12 3.3.1 E-Participation 103 29.07
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 109 1.05 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 57 80.15 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 76 35.75 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 118 26.44
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 1 100.00 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 95 8.56 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 38 72.92 ●
B. People pillar 121 23.58 D. Impact pillar 132 29.29
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 116 28.73 1st sub-pillar: Economy 128 15.37
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 127 0.24 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 114 22.35 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 131 12.68 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 106 19.19 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 86 33.43 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 79 73.14 4.1.4 ICT services exports 133 0.00 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 132 26.65
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 112 24.72 4.2.1 Happiness 131 0.00 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 78 41.37 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 110 56.68
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 103 46.53
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 120 31.62 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 131 0.00 ○
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 123 1.16 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 124 45.85
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 124 17.30 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 105 38.71
2.3.1 Government online services 122 27.67 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 83 73.50 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 92 23.49 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 127 31.80
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 111 0.74 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 126 25.76

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 151

Country/Economy Profiles

Lithuania
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 31 59.95
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 36 51.33 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 21 79.16
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 43 36.55 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 54 38.29
B. People pillar 41 47.23
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 43 53.81
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 51 38.49
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 35 49.39
C. Governance pillar 17 82.17
1st sub-pillar: Trust 24 79.30
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 8 89.01
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 25 78.20

D. Impact pillar 46 59.08

1st sub-pillar: Economy 61 32.67
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 68 67.88 Lithuania High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 35 76.70
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 36 51.33 C. Governance pillar 17 82.17

1st sub-pillar: Access 21 79.16 1st sub-pillar: Trust 24 79.30
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 19 84.17 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 16 85.86 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 16 93.67 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 11 97.92 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 79 26.32 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 22 73.11
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 24 99.88 3.1.4 Internet shopping 33 60.32
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 39 75.92 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 8 89.01
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 42 95.00 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 21 78.51
2nd sub-pillar: Content 43 36.55 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 2 99.40 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 28 38.91 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 27 73.97
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 30 23.75 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 8 81.09 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 10 93.19 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 89 2.44 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 25 78.20
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 54 38.29 3.3.1 E-Participation 67 53.49
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 24 78.90 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 32 91.15
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 29 61.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 16 87.74 ●
1.3.3 Robot density 35 6.83 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 6 79.43 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 103 5.69 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 8 79.18 ●
B. People pillar 41 47.23 D. Impact pillar 46 59.08
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 43 53.81 1st sub-pillar: Economy 61 32.67
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 55 15.04 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 34 4.82
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 29 74.45 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 83 47.10 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 30 67.79 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 43 53.78
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 7 99.75 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 42 24.98
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 32 12.02 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 68 67.88
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 51 38.49 4.2.1 Happiness 30 74.60
2.2.1 Firms with website 34 73.71 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 104 60.89 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 22 22.46 4.2.3 Income inequality 69 67.61 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 93 43.98 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 57 68.68
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 71 13.81 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 35 76.70
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 35 49.39 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 57 74.19
2.3.1 Government online services 28 81.73 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 30 57.83
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 35 46.65 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 28 91.45
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 35 86.48
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 36 19.79 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 64 67.89

152 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Luxembourg
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 23 65.45
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 16 62.90 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 18 79.43
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 20 48.90 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 15 60.36
B. People pillar 66 41.72
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 114 31.40
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 40 41.67
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 30 52.09
C. Governance pillar 11 85.60
1st sub-pillar: Trust 20 80.54
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 1 95.43
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 17 80.83

D. Impact pillar 14 71.57

1st sub-pillar: Economy 32 41.78
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 8 87.37 Luxembourg High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 6 85.57

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 16 62.90 C. Governance pillar 11 85.60

1st sub-pillar: Access 18 79.43 1st sub-pillar: Trust 20 80.54
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 2 98.56 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 17 85.48
1.1.2 Handset prices 23 90.95 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 18 97.42
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 116 7.04 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account NA NA
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 35 58.71
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 21 80.03 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 1 95.43
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 5 91.07 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 20 48.90 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 38 88.69
1.2.1 GitHub commits 22 49.62 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 1 100.00 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 6 74.79 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 44 70.59 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 5 97.37 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 115 0.59 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 17 80.83
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 15 60.36 3.3.1 E-Participation 25 74.42
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 15 85.29 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 15 96.82
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 10 79.50 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 17 86.54
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 36 70.10
1.3.4 Computer software spending 78 16.30 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 17 76.25
B. People pillar 66 41.72 D. Impact pillar 14 71.57
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 114 31.40 1st sub-pillar: Economy 32 41.78
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 121 1.54 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 15 46.65
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 43 63.60 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 92 43.37 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 92 38.76 ○ 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 49 50.29
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 37 26.80
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 23 21.67 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 8 87.37
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 40 41.67 4.2.1 Happiness 10 84.87 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 14 82.27 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 19 90.85
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 27 19.64 4.2.3 Income inequality 37 77.89
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 92 44.18 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 7 94.91 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 57 20.58 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 6 85.57
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 30 52.09 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 24 87.10
2.3.1 Government online services 29 81.42 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 32 57.65
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 1 100.00 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 30 56.59 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 9 93.49 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 39 18.26 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 11 95.15 ●

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 153

Country/Economy Profiles

Madagascar
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 125 27.00
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 130 13.66 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 128 22.29
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 130 0.82 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 120 17.88
B. People pillar 122 20.24
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 121 25.95
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 123 20.58
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 127 14.19
C. Governance pillar 113 38.70
1st sub-pillar: Trust 123 17.36
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 69 67.13
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 121 31.59

D. Impact pillar 125 35.40

1st sub-pillar: Economy 49 38.31
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 131 26.75 Madagascar Low-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 129 41.14
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 130 13.66 C. Governance pillar 113 38.70

1st sub-pillar: Access 128 22.29 1st sub-pillar: Trust 123 17.36
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 130 10.93 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 126 18.27 ○
1.1.2 Handset prices 112 35.59 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 114 23.33
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 81 26.17 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 89 22.83 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 127 1.12 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 107 5.02
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 118 59.82 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 69 67.13
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 90 0.12 ○ 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 114 28.88
2nd sub-pillar: Content 130 0.82 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 114 61.31
1.2.1 GitHub commits 114 0.88 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies NA NA
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 125 0.09 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 124 0.00 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 46 78.35 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 90 2.29 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 121 31.59
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 120 17.88 3.3.1 E-Participation 105 26.75
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 125 26.77 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 85 33.75 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 108 34.13
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 118 2.02 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 102 38.73
B. People pillar 122 20.24 D. Impact pillar 125 35.40
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 121 25.95 1st sub-pillar: Economy 49 38.31
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 102 3.03 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 107 38.28
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 118 6.74 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 58 44.19 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 85 68.07 4.1.4 ICT services exports 29 32.45 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 131 26.75
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 123 20.58 4.2.1 Happiness 109 27.63
2.2.1 Firms with website 115 11.73 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 128 21.88 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 81 46.81 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 116 34.72
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 112 3.20 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 129 41.14
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 127 14.19 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 129 9.68 ○
2.3.1 Government online services 121 28.33 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 113 58.12
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 125 39.62 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 113 0.05 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 109 41.67

154 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Malawi
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 119 31.75
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 124 16.33 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 124 26.73
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 124 2.70 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 116 19.57
B. People pillar 117 25.85
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 117 28.62
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 114 24.49
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 107 24.46
C. Governance pillar 111 39.68
1st sub-pillar: Trust 114 22.33
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 108 53.62
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 108 43.08

D. Impact pillar 106 45.14

1st sub-pillar: Economy 63 32.62
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 122 37.24 Malawi Low-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 68 65.57

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 124 16.33 C. Governance pillar 111 39.68

1st sub-pillar: Access 124 26.73 1st sub-pillar: Trust 114 22.33
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 126 16.11 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 123 22.35
1.1.2 Handset prices 124 26.59 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 101 36.83
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 120 6.38 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 80 28.85 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 114 24.52 3.1.4 Internet shopping 122 1.29 ○
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 117 60.08 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 108 53.62
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 113 30.66
2nd sub-pillar: Content 124 2.70 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 59 84.52 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 119 0.44 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 112 11.46
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 126 0.09 ○ 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00

1.2.3 Mobile apps development NA NA 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 76 66.45 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 65 7.57 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 108 43.08
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 116 19.57 3.3.1 E-Participation 89 36.05
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 98 35.67 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 89 56.69
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 117 19.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 128 16.59 ○
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 93 45.25
1.3.4 Computer software spending 113 3.28 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 71 60.81 ●
B. People pillar 117 25.85 D. Impact pillar 106 45.14
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 117 28.62 1st sub-pillar: Economy 63 32.62
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 99 3.25 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 64 55.26 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 120 34.11
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 129 0.84 ○ 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 123 3.49 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 93 55.11 4.1.4 ICT services exports 9 60.25 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 122 37.24
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 114 24.49 4.2.1 Happiness 129 1.90 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 87 35.44 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 100 61.64
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 78 62.98 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 118 35.80 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 117 33.38
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 119 2.22 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 68 65.57
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 107 24.46 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 112 30.65
2.3.1 Government online services 119 29.34 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 92 4.99 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 86 72.65
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 58 39.04 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 38 85.75 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 100 45.96

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 155

Country/Economy Profiles

Malaysia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 36 57.88
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 40 49.33 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 42 73.39
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 61 26.72 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 33 47.89
B. People pillar 23 53.95
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 9 68.79
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 78 33.39
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 23 59.68
C. Governance pillar 41 71.44
1st sub-pillar: Trust 42 69.32
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 48 73.36
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 44 71.64

D. Impact pillar 54 56.81

1st sub-pillar: Economy 31 41.86
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 43 73.48 Malaysia Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 103 55.09
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 40 49.33 C. Governance pillar 41 71.44

1st sub-pillar: Access 42 73.39 1st sub-pillar: Trust 42 69.32
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 76 61.10 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 46 70.99
1.1.2 Handset prices 53 74.24 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 8 98.08 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 24 46.95 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 48 50.34
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 88 70.84 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 39 57.86
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 10 87.22 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 48 73.36
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 34 99.96 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 42 63.14
2nd sub-pillar: Content 61 26.72 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 71 83.33
1.2.1 GitHub commits 67 7.06 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 40 62.78
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 58 4.73 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 71 62.72 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 88 57.53 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 27 32.39 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 44 71.64
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 33 47.89 3.3.1 E-Participation 47 67.44
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 39 71.76 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 58 79.29
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 12 78.75 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 39 76.68
1.3.3 Robot density 31 8.98 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 48 68.50
1.3.4 Computer software spending 33 32.08 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 57 66.29
B. People pillar 23 53.95 D. Impact pillar 54 56.81
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 9 68.79 1st sub-pillar: Economy 31 41.86
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 13 46.98 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 37 3.11
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 49 61.24 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 30 68.35
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 12 72.94 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 6 85.76 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 46 93.99 4.1.4 ICT services exports 76 10.21
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 43 73.48
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 78 33.39 4.2.1 Happiness 69 59.43
2.2.1 Firms with website 81 39.43 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 1 100.00 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 73 1.40 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 88 57.33 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 34 60.89 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 70 64.68
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 39 31.84 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 103 55.09
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 23 59.68 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 52 75.81
2.3.1 Government online services 53 73.81 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 56 27.70 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 8 71.20 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 121 46.15 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 15 76.77 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 87 75.15 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 43 16.96 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 66 66.91

156 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Mali
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 120 30.82
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 123 17.62 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 127 24.03
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 132 0.43 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 93 28.39
B. People pillar 113 27.17
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 127 16.73
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 48 39.17
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 102 25.63
C. Governance pillar 120 36.70
1st sub-pillar: Trust 126 15.51
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 110 53.44
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 113 41.15

D. Impact pillar 114 41.78

1st sub-pillar: Economy 80 30.05
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 108 48.26 Mali Low-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 122 47.04

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 123 17.62 C. Governance pillar 120 36.70

1st sub-pillar: Access 127 24.03 1st sub-pillar: Trust 126 15.51
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 123 18.35 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 125 18.34 ○
1.1.2 Handset prices 127 21.27 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 126 10.17 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 96 17.04 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 79 30.31 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 125 1.54 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 116 3.21
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 109 61.94 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 110 53.44
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 106 33.14
2nd sub-pillar: Content 132 0.43 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 80 76.19 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 128 0.14 ○ 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 94 30.47
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 120 0.16 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00

1.2.3 Mobile apps development NA NA 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 97 52.41
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 106 0.99 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 113 41.15
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 93 28.39 3.3.1 E-Participation 109 25.58
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 78 50.30 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 82 63.47 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 87 33.25 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 112 29.57
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 121 1.61 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 93 45.97
B. People pillar 113 27.17 D. Impact pillar 114 41.78
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 127 16.73 1st sub-pillar: Economy 80 30.05
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 129 0.00 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 57 58.90 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 103 39.11
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 124 3.65 ○ 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 88 31.10
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 103 4.35 ○ 4.1.4 ICT services exports 53 19.94 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 108 48.26
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 48 39.17 4.2.1 Happiness 111 26.23
2.2.1 Firms with website 94 32.18 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 82 68.00 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 63 70.18 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 82 46.16 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 121 30.90
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale NA NA 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 122 47.04
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 102 25.63 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 121 19.35 ○
2.3.1 Government online services 118 29.84 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 119 50.43
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 45 44.07 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 108 60.96
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 92 2.98 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 111 40.08

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 157

Country/Economy Profiles

Malta
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 33 59.75
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 38 50.51 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 70 64.58
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 40 38.69 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 30 48.26
B. People pillar 44 46.04
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 42 54.03
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 58 37.29
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 42 46.81
C. Governance pillar 33 75.90
1st sub-pillar: Trust 38 70.84
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 29 81.02
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 31 75.83

D. Impact pillar 25 66.55

1st sub-pillar: Economy 42 39.35
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 28 78.72 Malta High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 25 81.58
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 38 50.51 C. Governance pillar 33 75.90

1st sub-pillar: Access 70 64.58 1st sub-pillar: Trust 38 70.84
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 43 75.35 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 39 76.43
1.1.2 Handset prices 47 80.12 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 57 83.67
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 118 6.75 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 35 63.20
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 34 60.06
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 114 60.70 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 29 81.02
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 41 63.84
2nd sub-pillar: Content 40 38.69 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 9 95.24 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 32 35.55 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 14 81.74 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 18 44.04 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 19 74.71 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 80 64.26 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 122 0.46 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 31 75.83
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 30 48.26 3.3.1 E-Participation 22 75.59
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 62 61.50 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 47 84.38
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 38 53.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 54 66.35
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 7 77.89 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 36 29.77 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 29 74.97
B. People pillar 44 46.04 D. Impact pillar 25 66.55
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 42 54.03 1st sub-pillar: Economy 42 39.35
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 115 1.97 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 13 54.32 ●
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 46 62.43 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 124 32.74 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 58 59.18 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 33 59.59
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 52 92.55 4.1.4 ICT services exports 73 10.73 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 28 78.72
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 58 37.29 4.2.1 Happiness 47 68.89
2.2.1 Firms with website 16 81.89 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 55 80.68
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 20 22.81 4.2.3 Income inequality 27 81.23
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services NA NA 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 15 91.96 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 93 7.17 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 25 81.58
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 42 46.81 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 14 90.32 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 18 87.28 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 38 50.30
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 45 40.35 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 38 88.03
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 38 48.26 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 3 99.12 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 56 11.35 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 25 87.38

158 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Mauritania
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 124 27.16
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 112 25.26 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 121 30.11
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 119 10.27 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 65 35.39
B. People pillar 123 20.04
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 122 24.44
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 65 35.67
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 133 0.00
C. Governance pillar 127 28.67
1st sub-pillar: Trust 124 17.25
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 126 39.22
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 124 29.55

D. Impact pillar 126 34.66

1st sub-pillar: Economy 122 17.19
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 121 39.56 Mauritania Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 120 47.25

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 112 25.26 C. Governance pillar 127 28.67

1st sub-pillar: Access 121 30.11 1st sub-pillar: Trust 124 17.25
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 104 42.75 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 124 21.16
1.1.2 Handset prices 104 40.22 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 118 18.92
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions NA NA 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 88 25.02 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 133 0.00 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 114 3.88
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 132 37.48 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 126 39.22
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 123 23.09
2nd sub-pillar: Content 119 10.27 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 115 60.71
1.2.1 GitHub commits 125 0.34 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 117 7.67 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 122 0.13 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 115 40.40 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 124 29.65
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 126 0.24 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 124 29.55
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 65 35.39 3.3.1 E-Participation 132 0.00 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 52 82.96 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 59 41.25 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 121 25.00
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 38 29.53 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 121 10.24 ○
B. People pillar 123 20.04 D. Impact pillar 126 34.66
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 122 24.44 1st sub-pillar: Economy 122 17.19
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 110 2.53 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 123 32.78
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 107 18.63 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy NA NA
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 94 52.15 4.1.4 ICT services exports 121 1.59
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 121 39.56
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 65 35.67 4.2.1 Happiness 113 24.51
2.2.1 Firms with website 96 30.24 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 126 27.96 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 33 79.69 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 105 41.11 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 96 52.73 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale NA NA 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 120 47.25
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 133 0.00 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 124 17.74
2.3.1 Government online services 132 0.00 ○ 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 128 29.06 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 61 82.09 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 114 0.00 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 107 43.43

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 159

Country/Economy Profiles

Mauritius
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 60 51.17
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 76 39.92 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 67 65.82
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 87 19.46 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 71 34.48
B. People pillar 51 44.92
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 75 47.57
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 23 53.57
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 84 33.62
C. Governance pillar 62 60.98
1st sub-pillar: Trust 62 51.84
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 61 68.29
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 60 62.81

D. Impact pillar 47 58.84

1st sub-pillar: Economy 81 29.60
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 75 65.15 Mauritius Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 23 81.76
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 76 39.92 C. Governance pillar 62 60.98

1st sub-pillar: Access 67 65.82 1st sub-pillar: Trust 62 51.84
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 66 63.01 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 66 54.41
1.1.2 Handset prices 79 54.29 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 23 96.92 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 85 23.78 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 73 34.42
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 60 88.89 3.1.4 Internet shopping 67 21.64
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 99 64.95 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 61 68.29
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 27 75.39 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 87 19.46 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 78 76.79
1.2.1 GitHub commits 63 7.83 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 65 47.71
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 50 7.54 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 74 62.01 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 115 41.56 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 121 0.46 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 60 62.81
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 71 34.48 3.3.1 E-Participation 86 40.70
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 72 55.65 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 49 83.94
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 79 35.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 78 54.09
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 75 63.90 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 85 12.79 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 43 71.42 ●
B. People pillar 51 44.92 D. Impact pillar 47 58.84
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 75 47.57 1st sub-pillar: Economy 81 29.60
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 117 1.73 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 84 45.82 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 121 33.86 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 70 54.21 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 82 34.01 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 61 88.50 4.1.4 ICT services exports 49 20.94 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 75 65.15
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 23 53.57 4.2.1 Happiness 78 57.02
2.2.1 Firms with website 45 64.59 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 77 71.51
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 7 91.18 ● 4.2.3 Income inequality 71 67.35
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services NA NA 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 62 66.53
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 106 4.95 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 23 81.76
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 84 33.62 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 87 59.68 ○
2.3.1 Government online services 77 58.91 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 46 85.47 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 67 35.54 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 13 92.25 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 70 6.42 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 49 75.46 ●

160 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Mexico
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 62 50.32
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 80 39.32 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 75 62.92
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 68 24.63 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 88 30.41
B. People pillar 50 45.24
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 64 49.24
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 30 48.95
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 72 37.53
C. Governance pillar 65 58.73
1st sub-pillar: Trust 66 50.47
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 45 73.99
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 88 51.73

D. Impact pillar 48 58.01

1st sub-pillar: Economy 77 30.55
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 40 74.33 Mexico Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 54 69.15

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 80 39.32 C. Governance pillar 65 58.73

1st sub-pillar: Access 75 62.92 1st sub-pillar: Trust 66 50.47
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 87 54.60 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 82 46.27
1.1.2 Handset prices 35 85.28 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 59 81.67
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 11 60.36 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 53 49.30
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 89 70.07 3.1.4 Internet shopping 64 24.64
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 29 77.58 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 45 73.99
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 76 29.61 ○ 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 78 44.54
2nd sub-pillar: Content 68 24.63 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 14 94.05 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 81 4.44 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 73 45.33
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 65 3.46 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 75 61.98 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 23 86.03 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 29 28.65 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 88 51.73
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 88 30.41 3.3.1 E-Participation 32 72.10
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 67 59.51 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 123 31.18 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 64 39.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 66 60.34
1.3.3 Robot density 33 7.59 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 25 71.03
1.3.4 Computer software spending 81 14.80 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 114 24.03 ○
B. People pillar 50 45.24 D. Impact pillar 48 58.01
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 64 49.24 1st sub-pillar: Economy 77 30.55
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 22 40.29 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 63 0.23 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 87 45.30 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 12 77.82 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 53 60.67 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 60 42.73
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 50 93.09 4.1.4 ICT services exports 123 1.42 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 40 6.87 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 40 74.33
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 30 48.95 4.2.1 Happiness 11 84.64 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 26 76.45 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 44 83.95
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 69 2.15 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 97 50.13 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 16 71.65 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 85 58.67
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 18 45.54 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 54 69.15
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 72 37.53 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 57 74.19
2.3.1 Government online services 31 80.60 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 53 28.69
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 41 43.04 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 48 84.62
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 94 21.31 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 37 86.11
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 77 5.16 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 37 80.15

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 161

Country/Economy Profiles

Moldova
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 70 48.11
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 84 37.31 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 39 74.49
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 71 24.02 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 129 13.42
B. People pillar 90 37.53
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 73 47.78
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 100 28.23
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 75 36.58
C. Governance pillar 59 61.79
1st sub-pillar: Trust 60 52.30
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 52 71.66
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 68 61.41

D. Impact pillar 57 55.83

1st sub-pillar: Economy 60 32.86
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 54 70.97 Moldova Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 71 63.66
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 84 37.31 C. Governance pillar 59 61.79

1st sub-pillar: Access 39 74.49 1st sub-pillar: Trust 60 52.30
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 78 60.55 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 49 68.84 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 49 79.20 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 71 75.75
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 44 37.44 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 69 36.18
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 29 98.83 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 61 28.43
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 49 73.96 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 52 71.66
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 41 96.96 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 68 50.41
2nd sub-pillar: Content 71 24.02 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 34 89.29 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 48 14.49 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies NA NA
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 66 3.44 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 14 76.89 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 60 71.96
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 101 1.24 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 68 61.41
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 129 13.42 3.3.1 E-Participation 47 67.44
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 77 66.08
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 118 19.50 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 61 62.74
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 97 7.34 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 91 49.37 ○
B. People pillar 90 37.53 D. Impact pillar 57 55.83
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 73 47.78 1st sub-pillar: Economy 60 32.86
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 95 5.00 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 79 0.00 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 119 35.23 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 91 38.95 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 62 42.15
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 12 99.39 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 14 54.04 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 54 70.97
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 100 28.23 4.2.1 Happiness 75 57.95
2.2.1 Firms with website 82 39.31 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 63 79.61
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 4 95.89 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 112 39.65 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 92 54.82
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 102 5.73 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 71 63.66
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 75 36.58 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 73 67.74
2.3.1 Government online services 60 71.04 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 51 31.69
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 52 34.69 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 41 87.18 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 92 72.00
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 85 3.99 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 77 59.81

162 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Mongolia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 88 43.88
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 88 35.81 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 73 63.40
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 100 16.59 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 95 27.43
B. People pillar 96 35.78
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 52 51.28
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 109 25.15
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 93 30.92
C. Governance pillar 63 59.69
1st sub-pillar: Trust 61 52.19
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 96 58.81
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 54 68.07

D. Impact pillar 109 44.25

1st sub-pillar: Economy 120 17.72
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 93 58.96 Mongolia Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 100 56.06

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 88 35.81 C. Governance pillar 63 59.69

1st sub-pillar: Access 73 63.40 1st sub-pillar: Trust 61 52.19
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 47 73.16 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 60 59.48
1.1.2 Handset prices 111 36.11 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 111 26.17 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 56 33.60 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 20 74.52 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 44 48.61 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 91 66.85 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 96 58.81
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 54 70.66 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 86 41.66
2nd sub-pillar: Content 100 16.59 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 77 79.17
1.2.1 GitHub commits 68 7.04 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 88 35.36
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 82 1.77 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 92 56.37 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 82 62.85
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 103 1.21 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 54 68.07
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 95 27.43 3.3.1 E-Participation 57 59.31
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 95 37.26 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 6 99.34 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 89 33.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 97 42.55
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 72 64.97
1.3.4 Computer software spending 86 12.02 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 32 74.19 ●
B. People pillar 96 35.78 D. Impact pillar 109 44.25
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 52 51.28 1st sub-pillar: Economy 120 17.72
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 79 8.98 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 79 0.00 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 101 34.81 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 110 37.58 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 47 62.55 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 90 29.65
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 18 98.80 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 104 3.67
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 93 58.96
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 109 25.15 4.2.1 Happiness 83 53.04
2.2.1 Firms with website 103 26.49 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 111 55.00 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 27 81.23 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 98 42.47 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 89 56.46
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 96 6.47 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 100 56.06
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 93 30.92 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 90 58.06
2.3.1 Government online services 78 58.70 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 54 28.02
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 67 24.69 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 41 87.18 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 61 38.06 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 114 57.09 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 99 2.21 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 101 45.81

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 163

Country/Economy Profiles

Montenegro
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 65 49.58
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 53 45.51 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 93 54.20
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 13 53.24 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 90 29.10
B. People pillar 75 39.48
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 46 52.25
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 55 37.73
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 98 28.47
C. Governance pillar 66 58.22
1st sub-pillar: Trust 77 40.44
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 63 68.13
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 55 66.09

D. Impact pillar 62 55.12

1st sub-pillar: Economy 54 36.05
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 69 67.40 Montenegro Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 81 61.91
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 53 45.51 C. Governance pillar 66 58.22

1st sub-pillar: Access 93 54.20 1st sub-pillar: Trust 77 40.44
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 112 37.84 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 68 53.17
1.1.2 Handset prices 55 73.18 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 92 53.25
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 103 14.75 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account NA NA
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 85 78.64 3.1.4 Internet shopping 82 14.90
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 94 66.58 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 63 68.13
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 45 60.77 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 13 53.24 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 26 92.86 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 31 35.75 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 79 39.66
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 1 100.00 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 16 76.70 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 58 72.37
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 118 0.52 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 55 66.09
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 90 29.10 3.3.1 E-Participation 80 45.35
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 71 71.40
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 86 33.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 57 65.62
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 57 67.00
1.3.4 Computer software spending 52 24.70 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 4 81.06 ●
B. People pillar 75 39.48 D. Impact pillar 62 55.12
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 46 52.25 1st sub-pillar: Economy 54 36.05
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 111 2.49 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 129 25.55 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 69 55.81 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 63 41.57
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 21 98.44 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 21 41.03 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 69 67.40
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 55 37.73 4.2.1 Happiness 74 58.21
2.2.1 Firms with website 37 69.19 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 74 71.88
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 50 73.78
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 108 40.81 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 50 70.44 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 112 3.20 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 81 61.91
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 98 28.47 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 70 69.35
2.3.1 Government online services 89 50.57 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 55 27.79
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 63 79.49
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 60 82.16
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 71 6.37 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 98 47.07 ○

164 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Morocco
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 76 45.93
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 64 43.82 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 72 63.40
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 51 30.59 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 58 37.46
B. People pillar 72 40.12
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 54 51.23
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 66 35.41
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 83 33.73
C. Governance pillar 83 51.95
1st sub-pillar: Trust 80 40.15
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 37 77.04
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 118 38.65

D. Impact pillar 99 47.85

1st sub-pillar: Economy 71 31.02
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 96 55.56 Morocco Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 96 56.97

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 64 43.82 C. Governance pillar 83 51.95

1st sub-pillar: Access 72 63.40 1st sub-pillar: Trust 80 40.15
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 97 46.93 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 76 48.60
1.1.2 Handset prices 97 43.61 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 58 82.42
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 47 36.86 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 95 19.10 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 52 94.30 3.1.4 Internet shopping 89 10.50
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 22 79.74 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 37 77.04
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 50 78.98 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 76 45.98
2nd sub-pillar: Content 51 30.59 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 58 85.12
1.2.1 GitHub commits 66 7.25 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies NA NA
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 88 1.40 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 77 61.70 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 48 77.06 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 19 52.01 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 118 38.65
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 58 37.46 3.3.1 E-Participation 109 25.58 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 73 54.73 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 107 44.22 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 79 35.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 69 60.10
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 76 63.34
1.3.4 Computer software spending 62 22.64 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 124 0.00 ○
B. People pillar 72 40.12 D. Impact pillar 99 47.85
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 54 51.23 1st sub-pillar: Economy 71 31.02
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 33 29.62 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 65 0.17
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 51 60.86 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 55 57.17 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 81 47.28 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 66 39.83
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 87 67.15 ○ 4.1.4 ICT services exports 36 26.92 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 96 55.56
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 66 35.41 4.2.1 Happiness 106 28.81 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 54 60.12 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 69 75.60
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 53 4.71 4.2.3 Income inequality 83 60.41
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 49 56.22 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 73 64.10
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 57 20.58 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 96 56.97
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 83 33.73 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 80 64.52
2.3.1 Government online services 103 41.66 ○ 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 79 7.89 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 85 12.31 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 101 66.67 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 39 47.21 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 43 85.01 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 55 72.07

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 165

Country/Economy Profiles

Mozambique
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 126 26.63
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 126 15.00 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 123 28.30
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 123 2.81 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 128 13.90
B. People pillar 128 18.07
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 128 16.34
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 105 26.43
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 131 11.44
C. Governance pillar 123 35.52
1st sub-pillar: Trust 115 22.10
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 103 55.13
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 125 29.34

D. Impact pillar 121 37.92

1st sub-pillar: Economy 129 14.78
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 98 54.98 Mozambique Low-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 127 44.01
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 126 15.00 C. Governance pillar 123 35.52

1st sub-pillar: Access 123 28.30 1st sub-pillar: Trust 115 22.10
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 121 23.67 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 118 26.92
1.1.2 Handset prices 117 29.93 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 113 24.17
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 101 15.01 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 74 32.32 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 120 14.91 3.1.4 Internet shopping 108 5.00
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 120 57.97 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 103 55.13
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 112 30.98
2nd sub-pillar: Content 123 2.81 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 106 65.48
1.2.1 GitHub commits 122 0.40 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies NA NA
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 127 0.08 ○ 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 119 50.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 122 6.06 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 56 74.06 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 75 4.71 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 125 29.34
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 128 13.90 3.3.1 E-Participation 124 17.45 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 118 38.26
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 106 26.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 127 18.27 ○
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 104 7.13 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 119 1.80 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 61 65.60 ●
B. People pillar 128 18.07 D. Impact pillar 121 37.92
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 128 16.34 1st sub-pillar: Economy 129 14.78
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 96 4.61 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 109 37.71
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 123 3.84 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 119 5.52 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 98 40.58 4.1.4 ICT services exports 126 1.09
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 98 54.98
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 105 26.43 4.2.1 Happiness 79 55.80 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 98 29.88 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 48 83.44 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 110 32.65
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 100 42.23 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 130 18.74 ○
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 93 7.17 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 127 44.01
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 131 11.44 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 115 24.19
2.3.1 Government online services 120 28.86 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 94 0.00 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 74 76.07 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 128 20.61 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 75 5.46 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 99 46.50

166 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Namibia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 117 33.50
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 107 28.24 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 112 37.74
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 67 24.98 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 109 21.99
B. People pillar 116 25.86
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 106 35.80
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 120 22.79
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 119 18.98
C. Governance pillar 118 37.22
1st sub-pillar: Trust 107 27.65
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 122 41.21
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 111 42.78

D. Impact pillar 111 42.69

1st sub-pillar: Economy 102 24.18
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 124 36.87 Namibia Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 62 67.01

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 107 28.24 C. Governance pillar 118 37.22

1st sub-pillar: Access 112 37.74 1st sub-pillar: Trust 107 27.65
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 98 46.47 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 90 42.98
1.1.2 Handset prices 92 45.56 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 125 11.50 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 113 9.19 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 59 43.66 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 113 25.54 3.1.4 Internet shopping 86 12.48
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 131 47.17 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 122 41.21
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 62 52.52 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 72 47.67 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 67 24.98 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 89 72.26
1.2.1 GitHub commits 98 2.33 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 85 37.15
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 64 3.98 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 132 0.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 52 68.64 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 103 48.98
1.2.4 AI scientific publications NA NA 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 111 42.78
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 109 21.99 3.3.1 E-Participation 113 23.26
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 99 53.45
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 81 34.75 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 102 37.74
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 93 9.24 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 75 56.68 ●
B. People pillar 116 25.86 D. Impact pillar 111 42.69
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 106 35.80 1st sub-pillar: Economy 102 24.18
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 116 1.84 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 108 31.42 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 126 31.86 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 105 20.22 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 70 37.50 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 59 89.71 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 108 3.18
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 124 36.87
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 120 22.79 4.2.1 Happiness 96 41.42
2.2.1 Firms with website 100 28.79 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 116 50.72
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 117 10.03 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 116 37.35 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 127 26.93 ○
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 119 2.22 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 62 67.01
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 119 18.98 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 95 54.84
2.3.1 Government online services 110 37.18 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 83 12.59 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 86 72.65
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 95 20.03 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 56 82.75 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 72 6.12 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 116 36.42

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 167

Country/Economy Profiles

Nepal
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 109 35.96
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 111 26.57 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 118 32.82
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 73 23.93 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 107 22.97
B. People pillar 111 28.46
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 110 33.52
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 108 26.28
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 103 25.58
C. Governance pillar 112 39.22
1st sub-pillar: Trust 111 24.51
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 114 50.26
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 109 42.89

D. Impact pillar 93 49.59

1st sub-pillar: Economy 88 27.04
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 80 61.82 Nepal Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 91 59.90
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 111 26.57 C. Governance pillar 112 39.22

1st sub-pillar: Access 118 32.82 1st sub-pillar: Trust 111 24.51
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 84 56.68 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 91 42.57
1.1.2 Handset prices 119 29.82 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 98 45.00
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 61 31.64 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 117 6.10 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 130 0.14 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 110 4.38
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 97 65.45 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 114 50.26
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 81 13.20 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 107 32.76
2nd sub-pillar: Content 73 23.93 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 127 53.57 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 73 4.91 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 111 12.05 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 94 1.08 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 54 68.38 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 96 52.90
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 38 21.34 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 109 42.89
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 107 22.97 3.3.1 E-Participation 117 22.09 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 93 41.00 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 100 52.44
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 105 26.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 106 34.38
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 120 1.67 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 66 62.65 ●
B. People pillar 111 28.46 D. Impact pillar 93 49.59
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 110 33.52 1st sub-pillar: Economy 88 27.04
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 124 0.55 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 95 39.33 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 80 48.02 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 96 35.86 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 104 22.09
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 92 58.34 ○ 4.1.4 ICT services exports 71 11.00 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 80 61.82
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 108 26.28 4.2.1 Happiness 89 48.81
2.2.1 Firms with website 73 46.09 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 86 66.09
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 22 84.83 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services NA NA 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 90 56.31
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 96 6.47 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 91 59.90
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 103 25.58 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 104 40.32
2.3.1 Government online services 107 40.23 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 86 12.27 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 83 73.50
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 91 24.24 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 102 66.81
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 112 38.42

168 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Netherlands
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 6 73.94
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 3 73.71 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 23 78.35
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 2 73.44 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 6 69.35
B. People pillar 20 55.30
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 87 44.20
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 17 57.70
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 19 64.01
C. Governance pillar 3 89.37
1st sub-pillar: Trust 5 90.43
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 5 91.22
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 4 86.47

D. Impact pillar 6 77.39

1st sub-pillar: Economy 9 62.43
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 7 87.71 Netherlands High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 21 82.03

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 3 73.71 C. Governance pillar 3 89.37

1st sub-pillar: Access 23 78.35 1st sub-pillar: Trust 5 90.43
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 23 82.83 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 3 94.37 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 26 88.67 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 22 97.08
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 54 34.50 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 10 83.05
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 60 88.89 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 8 87.19
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 42 75.19 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 5 91.22
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 7 88.21
2nd sub-pillar: Content 2 73.44 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 21 93.45
1.2.1 GitHub commits 3 97.80 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 12 82.79
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 1 100.00 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 28 72.84 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 12 91.64
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 35 23.13 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 4 86.47
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 6 69.35 3.3.1 E-Participation 5 96.51 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 6 96.37 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 18 96.46
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 5 87.75 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 3 97.12 ●
1.3.3 Robot density 12 34.30 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 66 66.41 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 13 58.98 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 21 75.85
B. People pillar 20 55.30 D. Impact pillar 6 77.39
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 87 44.20 1st sub-pillar: Economy 9 62.43
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 47 19.66 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 11 55.01
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 34 70.38 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 27 68.89
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 8 74.72 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 3 90.12 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 25 35.69
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 32 12.02 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 7 87.71
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 17 57.70 4.2.1 Happiness 5 90.16 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 9 87.97 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 58 80.09 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 23 21.88 4.2.3 Income inequality 4 95.89 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 23 66.01 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 23 89.87
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 9 54.94 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 21 82.03
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 19 64.01 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being NA NA
2.3.1 Government online services 11 89.24 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 25 59.04 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 5 73.29 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 1 100.00 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 32 53.05 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy NA NA
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 15 40.48 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 17 92.05

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 169

Country/Economy Profiles

New Zealand
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 22 65.83
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 29 54.67 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 49 70.61
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 28 45.38 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 32 48.04
B. People pillar 27 51.88
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 101 39.81
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 25 52.01
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 20 63.82
C. Governance pillar 10 86.15
1st sub-pillar: Trust 12 85.46
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 18 85.39
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 2 87.61

D. Impact pillar 17 70.60

1st sub-pillar: Economy 30 42.30
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 11 86.24 New Zealand High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 15 83.24
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 29 54.67 C. Governance pillar 10 86.15

1st sub-pillar: Access 49 70.61 1st sub-pillar: Trust 12 85.46
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 39 75.99 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 36 79.23
1.1.2 Handset prices 20 92.15 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 56 84.00
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 60 31.69 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 6 90.01 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 78 83.17 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 7 88.60 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 70 70.03 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 18 85.39
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 3 91.80 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 28 45.38 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 38 88.69
1.2.1 GitHub commits 16 59.73 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 20 77.99
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 17 45.85 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 51 69.24 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 69 68.47 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 69 6.71 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 2 87.61
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 32 48.04 3.3.1 E-Participation 6 95.34 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 9 92.79 ● 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 24 94.64
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 19 68.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 17 86.54
1.3.3 Robot density 34 6.89 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 54 23.96 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 33 73.94
B. People pillar 27 51.88 D. Impact pillar 17 70.60
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 101 39.81 1st sub-pillar: Economy 30 42.30
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 90 5.89 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 20 30.57
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 17 79.15 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 61 54.04
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 23 68.82 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 15 70.35 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 61 14.24
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 41 5.36 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 11 86.24
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 25 52.01 4.2.1 Happiness 12 83.98 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 3 92.17 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 36 85.05
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 31 17.65 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 38 58.62 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 11 93.15 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 26 39.59 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 15 83.24
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 20 63.82 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 14 90.32
2.3.1 Government online services 6 95.35 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 12 65.09
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 17 62.93 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 15 96.58
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 18 71.86 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 65 80.41 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 31 25.13 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 20 91.47

170 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Nicaragua
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 116 33.51
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 129 13.74 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 125 26.37
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 122 6.11 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 133 8.74
B. People pillar 115 26.64
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 97 40.86
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 126 16.87
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 112 22.19
C. Governance pillar 124 33.53
1st sub-pillar: Trust 125 16.03
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 119 45.73
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 117 38.83

D. Impact pillar 41 60.14

1st sub-pillar: Economy 65 32.33
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 45 72.60 Nicaragua Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 40 75.50

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 129 13.74 C. Governance pillar 124 33.53

1st sub-pillar: Access 125 26.37 1st sub-pillar: Trust 125 16.03
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 119 27.92 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 104 35.91
1.1.2 Handset prices 106 37.42 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 128 9.00 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 92 19.30 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 105 11.97
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 120 14.91 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 101 7.23
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 122 55.20 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 119 45.73
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 86 3.47 ○ 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 117 26.55
2nd sub-pillar: Content 122 6.11 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 99 68.45
1.2.1 GitHub commits 106 1.76 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 114 9.65 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 90 1.35 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 121 21.08 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 129 24.02 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 125 0.25 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 117 38.83
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 133 8.74 3.3.1 E-Participation 113 23.26
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 72 71.20 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 125 13.25 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 106 34.38
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 107 4.23 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 112 26.49
B. People pillar 115 26.64 D. Impact pillar 41 60.14
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 97 40.86 1st sub-pillar: Economy 65 32.33
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 98 4.34 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 112 37.19
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 86 44.01 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy NA NA
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 75 74.24 4.1.4 ICT services exports 34 27.47 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 45 72.60
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 126 16.87 4.2.1 Happiness 43 70.38 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 99 29.64 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 20 90.12 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 105 43.19
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services NA NA 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 47 71.41 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 109 4.11 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 40 75.50
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 112 22.19 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 77 66.13 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 102 42.63 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 59 81.20 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 83 76.61 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 104 1.75 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 57 71.25 ●

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 171

Country/Economy Profiles

Nigeria
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 112 34.87
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 94 32.50 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 110 38.87
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 49 31.77 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 99 26.87
B. People pillar 112 28.40
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 119 27.35
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 113 24.62
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 85 33.24
C. Governance pillar 114 38.69
1st sub-pillar: Trust 84 37.66
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 113 52.24
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 128 26.17

D. Impact pillar 118 39.89

1st sub-pillar: Economy 98 25.52
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 105 49.92 Nigeria Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 126 44.23
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 94 32.50 C. Governance pillar 114 38.69

1st sub-pillar: Access 110 38.87 1st sub-pillar: Trust 84 37.66
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 105 42.09 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 106 34.23
1.1.2 Handset prices 114 33.12 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 55 84.75 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 91 19.78 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 82 28.42
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 111 26.99 3.1.4 Internet shopping 115 3.23 ○
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 59 72.36 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 113 52.24
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 127 20.89 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 49 31.77 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 46 86.90 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 86 4.20 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 103 24.23
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 107 0.45 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 83 60.67 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 93 54.17
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 13 61.77 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 128 26.17
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 99 26.87 3.3.1 E-Participation 103 29.07
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 88 43.79 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 121 33.24 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 113 22.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 117 27.40
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 82 14.06 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 120 14.97 ○
B. People pillar 112 28.40 D. Impact pillar 118 39.89
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 119 27.35 1st sub-pillar: Economy 98 25.52
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 76 9.52 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 78 0.01
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 90 42.19 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 26 69.39 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 115 10.30 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 90 29.65
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 95 47.38 ○ 4.1.4 ICT services exports 109 3.04
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 105 49.92
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 113 24.62 4.2.1 Happiness 99 37.29
2.2.1 Firms with website 117 8.10 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 108 58.54
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 74 1.24 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 59 71.72 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 27 63.90 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 115 36.14
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 49 25.22 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 126 44.23
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 85 33.24 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 126 14.52 ○
2.3.1 Government online services 93 47.50 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 55 34.08 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 115 53.85
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 98 18.14 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 110 59.94
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 129 23.29 ○

172 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

North Macedonia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 77 45.92
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 90 34.74 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 76 62.74
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 75 22.62 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 117 18.85
B. People pillar 87 38.07
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 91 42.31
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 74 33.85
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 70 38.05
C. Governance pillar 61 61.28
1st sub-pillar: Trust 59 53.23
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 62 68.26
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 64 62.34

D. Impact pillar 92 49.62

1st sub-pillar: Economy 86 27.50
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 86 60.42 North Macedonia Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 86 60.93

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 90 34.74 C. Governance pillar 61 61.28

1st sub-pillar: Access 76 62.74 1st sub-pillar: Trust 59 53.23
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 100 46.02 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 64 56.18
1.1.2 Handset prices 17 93.67 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 46 89.92 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 90 20.30 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 76 32.08
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 28 99.18 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 58 34.75
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 124 54.52 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 62 68.26
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 49 58.65 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 75 22.62 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 46 86.90
1.2.1 GitHub commits 53 12.83 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 89 35.22
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 49 7.84 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 55 67.78 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 25 85.51 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 91 2.04 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 64 62.34
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 117 18.85 3.3.1 E-Participation 43 68.61 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 104 28.95 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 73 69.91
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 122 17.50 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 80 52.40
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 78 61.28
1.3.4 Computer software spending 91 10.10 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 73 59.52
B. People pillar 87 38.07 D. Impact pillar 92 49.62
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 91 42.31 1st sub-pillar: Economy 86 27.50
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 112 2.43 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 79 0.00 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 105 32.92 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 116 35.68 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 93 37.64 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 68 38.37
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 35 96.24 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 24 35.94 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 86 60.42
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 74 33.85 4.2.1 Happiness 88 49.12
2.2.1 Firms with website 22 77.54 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 101 61.59
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 36 13.96 4.2.3 Income inequality 44 75.84
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 103 41.69 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 67 65.25
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 119 2.22 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 86 60.93
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 70 38.05 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 64 72.58
2.3.1 Government online services 65 67.06 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 70 15.82 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 63 79.49
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 52 40.46 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 45 84.21 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 68 6.62 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 81 55.82

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 173

Country/Economy Profiles

Norway
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 14 69.70
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 15 63.47 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 13 80.00
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 10 56.90 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 22 53.52
B. People pillar 17 56.56
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 74 47.66
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 22 54.41
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 12 67.62
C. Governance pillar 2 89.46
1st sub-pillar: Trust 2 95.32
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 2 93.65
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 22 79.40

D. Impact pillar 20 69.30

1st sub-pillar: Economy 67 32.17
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 3 92.80 Norway High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 17 82.92
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 15 63.47 C. Governance pillar 2 89.46

1st sub-pillar: Access 13 80.00 1st sub-pillar: Trust 2 95.32
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 12 87.42 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 20 84.36
1.1.2 Handset prices 13 94.81 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 23 96.92
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 65 30.87 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 1 100.00 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 29 98.83 3.1.4 Internet shopping 1 100.00 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 84 68.05 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 2 93.65
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 16 83.61
2nd sub-pillar: Content 10 56.90 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 11 94.64
1.2.1 GitHub commits 5 89.18 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies NA NA
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 13 56.75 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 32 72.35 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 6 96.34 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 61 9.33 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 22 79.40
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 22 53.52 3.3.1 E-Participation 43 68.61
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 12 97.56
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 16 73.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 27 84.13
1.3.3 Robot density 24 15.25 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 31 70.21
1.3.4 Computer software spending 2 71.80 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 16 76.50
B. People pillar 17 56.56 D. Impact pillar 20 69.30
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 74 47.66 1st sub-pillar: Economy 67 32.17
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 68 11.41 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 22 25.03
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 16 80.56 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 50 58.73 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 15 71.63 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy NA NA
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 66 12.76 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 16 27.04 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 3 92.80
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 22 54.41 4.2.1 Happiness 6 90.02 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 18 81.31 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 7 95.39 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 17 30.00 4.2.3 Income inequality 11 90.75
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 28 63.21 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 6 95.21 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 22 43.13 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 17 82.92
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 12 67.62 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 8 93.55
2.3.1 Government online services 39 77.97 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 33 56.69 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 20 95.73
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 5 90.12 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 55 82.89 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 20 34.76 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 2 99.19 ●

174 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Oman
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 50 53.52
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 67 43.18 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 50 70.43
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 95 17.55 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 48 41.56
B. People pillar 43 46.26
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 16 63.44
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 85 32.33
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 59 43.00
C. Governance pillar 47 68.46
1st sub-pillar: Trust 41 70.21
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 82 63.54
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 45 71.64

D. Impact pillar 56 56.16

1st sub-pillar: Economy 47 38.80
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 33 76.90 Oman High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 108 52.78

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 67 43.18 C. Governance pillar 47 68.46

1st sub-pillar: Access 50 70.43 1st sub-pillar: Trust 41 70.21
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 68 62.80 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 86 44.42
1.1.2 Handset prices 60 68.42 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 28 96.00 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 93 19.09 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account NA NA
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping NA NA
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 54 72.99 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 82 63.54
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 36 99.26 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 50 58.18
2nd sub-pillar: Content 95 17.55 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 34 89.29
1.2.1 GitHub commits 110 1.35 ○ 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 47 59.00
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 95 0.99 ○ 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 62 65.91 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 118 36.25 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 93 1.94 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 45 71.64
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 48 41.56 3.3.1 E-Participation 50 65.12
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 41 69.97 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments NA NA
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 42 50.00 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 42 74.52
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 11 75.27 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 105 4.71 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments NA NA
B. People pillar 43 46.26 D. Impact pillar 56 56.16
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 16 63.44 1st sub-pillar: Economy 47 38.80
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 87 6.24 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 23 76.76 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 73 50.80
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 10 74.53 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 30 61.92 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 36 96.24 4.1.4 ICT services exports 103 3.69 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 33 76.90
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 85 32.33 4.2.1 Happiness 32 74.02 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website NA NA 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 33 86.39 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 50 55.04 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 74 63.67
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 84 9.62 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 108 52.78
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 59 43.00 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 77 66.13
2.3.1 Government online services 58 71.52 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 81 14.98 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 129 26.50 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 9 80.47 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 116 55.26 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 79 5.04 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 27 87.04 ●

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 175

Country/Economy Profiles

Pakistan
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 97 41.43
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 42 49.14 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 100 49.28
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 31 44.66 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 23 53.47
B. People pillar 103 31.87
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 100 39.82
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 91 31.04
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 106 24.75
C. Governance pillar 116 38.17
1st sub-pillar: Trust 109 26.87
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 105 54.82
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 119 32.82

D. Impact pillar 102 46.56

1st sub-pillar: Economy 46 38.85
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 110 47.91 Pakistan Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 107 52.92
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 42 49.14 C. Governance pillar 116 38.17

1st sub-pillar: Access 100 49.28 1st sub-pillar: Trust 109 26.87
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 67 63.01 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 107 34.06
1.1.2 Handset prices 94 45.43 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 86 64.92
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 22 47.44 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 114 8.48 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 123 8.73 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 127 0.00 ○
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 19 81.80 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 105 54.82
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 115 27.22
2nd sub-pillar: Content 31 44.66 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 43 87.50
1.2.1 GitHub commits 101 2.20 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 50 55.36
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 110 0.35 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 119 50.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 17 76.10 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 94 54.01
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 1 100.00 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 119 32.82
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 23 53.47 3.3.1 E-Participation 93 34.88
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 40 71.45 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 70 72.53
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 48 48.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 82 51.44
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 105 0.00 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 24 40.71 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 123 5.25 ○
B. People pillar 103 31.87 D. Impact pillar 102 46.56
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 100 39.82 1st sub-pillar: Economy 46 38.85
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 16 45.00 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 72 0.07
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 75 50.74 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 23 70.72 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 104 22.75 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 52 45.35
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 97 40.77 ○ 4.1.4 ICT services exports 22 39.27 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 110 47.91
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 91 31.04 4.2.1 Happiness 102 30.21
2.2.1 Firms with website 80 40.16 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 117 48.59 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 76 0.67 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 20 85.86 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 35 60.69 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 108 44.00
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 55 22.65 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 107 52.92
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 106 24.75 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 114 25.81
2.3.1 Government online services 87 52.01 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 124 43.59 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 96 19.47 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 77 77.19
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 96 2.78 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 91 50.12

176 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Panama
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 50 53.52
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 83 37.47 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 91 55.11
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 76 22.45 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 70 34.83
B. People pillar 76 39.46
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 31 56.76
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 92 30.59
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 92 31.04
C. Governance pillar 84 51.88
1st sub-pillar: Trust 91 35.62
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 70 67.11
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 85 52.92

D. Impact pillar 72 53.63

1st sub-pillar: Economy 105 23.40
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 55 70.81 Panama High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 64 66.67

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 83 37.47 C. Governance pillar 84 51.88

1st sub-pillar: Access 91 55.11 1st sub-pillar: Trust 91 35.62
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 71 62.26 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 62 58.27
1.1.2 Handset prices 22 91.66 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 104 34.08
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 107 11.99 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 72 34.86
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 96 54.83 3.1.4 Internet shopping 81 15.26
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 105 63.34 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 70 67.11
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 66 46.58 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 67 51.01
2nd sub-pillar: Content 76 22.45 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 78 76.79
1.2.1 GitHub commits 91 3.49 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 64 47.98
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 38 15.81 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 47 70.33 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 27 84.76 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 127 0.19 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 85 52.92
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 70 34.83 3.3.1 E-Participation 75 50.01
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 84 47.80 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 106 44.45 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 63 40.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 75 56.01
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 23 71.25 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 77 16.45 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 97 42.90
B. People pillar 76 39.46 D. Impact pillar 72 53.63
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 31 56.76 1st sub-pillar: Economy 105 23.40
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country NA NA 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 61 0.28
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 111 27.89 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 75 50.30
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 76 48.50 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 87 31.98
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 47 93.87 4.1.4 ICT services exports 70 11.06
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 55 70.81
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 92 30.59 4.2.1 Happiness 31 74.39 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 97 30.12 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 54 80.87
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 109 36.25 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 68 49.54 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 34 78.11 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 76 12.12 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 64 66.67
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 92 31.04 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 45 79.03 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 71 63.98 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 69 17.10 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 42 42.41 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 90 71.79
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 104 14.97 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 4 97.66 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 94 2.80 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 33 81.21 ●

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 177

Country/Economy Profiles

Paraguay
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 94 42.26
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 100 30.40 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 85 57.35
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 102 15.50 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 119 18.34
B. People pillar 86 38.08
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 92 42.11
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 29 49.17
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 109 22.96
C. Governance pillar 85 50.81
1st sub-pillar: Trust 95 33.73
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 90 61.75
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 75 56.95

D. Impact pillar 91 49.75

1st sub-pillar: Economy 123 17.18
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 63 69.29 Paraguay Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 73 62.79
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 100 30.40 C. Governance pillar 85 50.81

1st sub-pillar: Access 85 57.35 1st sub-pillar: Trust 95 33.73
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 86 56.26 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 70 49.78
1.1.2 Handset prices 50 78.37 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 90 57.08
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 62 31.63 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 91 21.16
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 47 95.52 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 102 6.91
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 119 58.08 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 90 61.75
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 79 24.21 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 81 44.03
2nd sub-pillar: Content 102 15.50 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 118 58.57 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 95 2.93 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 105 22.75
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 84 1.72 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 89 56.79 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 30 83.42 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 116 0.57 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 75 56.95
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 119 18.34 3.3.1 E-Participation 75 50.01
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 101 32.23 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 64 76.27
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 120 19.00 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 104 37.26
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 10 75.41 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 109 3.78 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 94 45.81
B. People pillar 86 38.08 D. Impact pillar 91 49.75
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 92 42.11 1st sub-pillar: Economy 123 17.18
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 108 2.53 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 115 21.47 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 87 45.55
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 72 52.34 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 121 4.94 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 54 92.10 4.1.4 ICT services exports 127 1.06 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 63 69.29
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 29 49.17 4.2.1 Happiness 52 67.09 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 6 91.33 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 26 89.29 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 104 46.02 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 79 47.71 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 87 56.97
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 88 8.46 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 73 62.79
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 109 22.96 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 70 69.35
2.3.1 Government online services 84 56.44 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 77 9.20 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 72 21.74 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 27 92.31 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 108 11.02 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 53 83.11 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 97 2.65 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 72 63.70

178 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Peru
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 83 44.76
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 99 30.75 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 101 48.85
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 84 19.75 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 105 23.64
B. People pillar 56 44.07
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 26 57.83
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 41 41.45
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 86 32.92
C. Governance pillar 77 53.61
1st sub-pillar: Trust 82 38.72
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 76 65.83
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 77 56.27

D. Impact pillar 87 50.62

1st sub-pillar: Economy 116 20.05
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 79 61.83 Peru Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 50 69.99

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 99 30.75 C. Governance pillar 77 53.61

1st sub-pillar: Access 101 48.85 1st sub-pillar: Trust 82 38.72
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 63 64.12 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 75 48.76
1.1.2 Handset prices 78 54.66 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 91 55.67
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 46 37.19 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 77 32.06
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 115 19.26 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 73 18.38
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 80 68.58 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 76 65.83
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 64 49.27 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 58 52.92
2nd sub-pillar: Content 84 19.75 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 59 84.52
1.2.1 GitHub commits 69 6.15 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 97 29.51 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 68 3.20 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 84 60.00 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 84 62.18
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 58 9.66 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 77 56.27
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 105 23.64 3.3.1 E-Participation 22 75.59 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 83 47.94 ○ 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 86 58.83
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 107 25.25 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 99 40.38
1.3.3 Robot density 56 0.00 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 80 60.56
1.3.4 Computer software spending 68 21.37 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 92 46.01
B. People pillar 56 44.07 D. Impact pillar 87 50.62
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 26 57.83 1st sub-pillar: Economy 116 20.05
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 25 34.49 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 66 0.16
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 88 44.46 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 45 60.58 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 55 60.39 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 111 18.02 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 55 91.99 4.1.4 ICT services exports 122 1.44 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 79 61.83
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 41 41.45 4.2.1 Happiness 63 60.93
2.2.1 Firms with website 20 80.56 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 88 64.79
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 75 1.01 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 85 58.35
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 43 57.52 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 79 61.22
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 44 26.70 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 50 69.99
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 86 32.92 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 73 67.74
2.3.1 Government online services 37 78.99 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 60 26.89
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 58 31.11 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 25 93.16 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 97 18.67 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 16 91.15 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 93 2.92 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 58 69.72

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 179

Country/Economy Profiles

Philippines
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 63 49.93
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 79 39.46 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 86 57.07
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 72 23.95 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 60 37.35
B. People pillar 33 50.40
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 7 71.10
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 53 38.14
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 61 41.95
C. Governance pillar 74 54.23
1st sub-pillar: Trust 72 47.93
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 85 63.09
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 89 51.67

D. Impact pillar 58 55.63

1st sub-pillar: Economy 28 42.88
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 57 70.71 Philippines Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 105 53.30
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 79 39.46 C. Governance pillar 74 54.23

1st sub-pillar: Access 86 57.07 1st sub-pillar: Trust 72 47.93
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 59 65.72 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 101 37.56
1.1.2 Handset prices 121 28.54 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 69 77.00
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions NA NA 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 70 36.13
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 77 83.27 3.1.4 Internet shopping 51 41.03
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 56 72.74 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 85 63.09
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 70 35.09 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 70 49.50
2nd sub-pillar: Content 72 23.95 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 109 64.52 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 88 4.03 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 93 31.48 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 102 0.70 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 57 67.38 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 64 69.97
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 33 23.67 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 89 51.67
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 60 37.35 3.3.1 E-Participation 79 47.67
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 53 64.90 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 114 39.89 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 31 61.00 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 50 67.55
1.3.3 Robot density 50 0.70 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 5 81.63 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 61 22.81 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 116 21.61 ○
B. People pillar 33 50.40 D. Impact pillar 58 55.63
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 7 71.10 1st sub-pillar: Economy 28 42.88
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 18 43.80 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 70 0.09 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 18 78.95 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 28 68.75 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 39 63.86 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 35 57.85
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 26 97.80 4.1.4 ICT services exports 19 44.83 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 57 70.71
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 53 38.14 4.2.1 Happiness 54 66.42
2.2.1 Firms with website 53 60.48 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 9 94.42 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 77 0.36 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 88 57.33
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 29 63.18 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 106 45.27 ○
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 43 28.54 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 105 53.30
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 61 41.95 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 98 46.77
2.3.1 Government online services 76 59.14 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 80 6.22 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 66 25.59 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 93 70.94
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 14 77.44 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 30 87.65 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 74 5.63 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 92 50.03

180 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Poland
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 32 59.94
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 37 51.27 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 17 79.45
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 39 39.13 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 66 35.24
B. People pillar 39 47.86
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 33 56.60
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 39 41.72
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 50 45.28
C. Governance pillar 32 76.23
1st sub-pillar: Trust 17 82.58
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 50 72.80
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 41 73.30

D. Impact pillar 32 64.39

1st sub-pillar: Economy 44 38.97
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 37 75.33 Poland High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 31 78.86

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 37 51.27 C. Governance pillar 32 76.23

1st sub-pillar: Access 17 79.45 1st sub-pillar: Trust 17 82.58
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 30 80.05 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 27 80.86
1.1.2 Handset prices 41 83.03 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 37 93.83
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 30 43.94 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 18 77.53 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 18 78.11 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 72 69.64 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 50 72.80
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 38 64.86
2nd sub-pillar: Content 39 39.13 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 43 87.50
1.2.1 GitHub commits 26 40.89 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 74 45.02 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 36 17.44 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 38 71.59 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 75 66.63 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 30 26.59 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 41 73.30
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 66 35.24 3.3.1 E-Participation 51 63.95
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 44 67.28 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 34 90.29
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 72 37.25 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 52 67.07
1.3.3 Robot density 28 10.01 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 22 71.41
1.3.4 Computer software spending 47 26.42 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 35 73.79
B. People pillar 39 47.86 D. Impact pillar 32 64.39
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 33 56.60 1st sub-pillar: Economy 44 38.97
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 21 40.42 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 32 5.02
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 54 60.13 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 21 71.57 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 57 59.55 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 46 52.62
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 8 99.70 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 38 26.67
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 18 23.18 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 37 75.33
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 39 41.72 4.2.1 Happiness 23 77.52 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 48 62.52 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 84 67.87 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 67 2.41 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 15 88.69 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 19 66.46 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 45 72.53
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 33 35.47 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 31 78.86
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 50 45.28 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 27 85.48
2.3.1 Government online services 43 77.11 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 14 64.09 ●
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 28 91.45
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 74 33.02 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 54 82.97
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 29 25.70 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 61 68.39 ○

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 181

Country/Economy Profiles

Portugal
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 30 61.73
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 25 57.52 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 28 76.58
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 25 45.70 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 28 50.28
B. People pillar 42 47.16
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 45 52.28
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 45 40.65
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 38 48.56
C. Governance pillar 30 76.68
1st sub-pillar: Trust 43 69.22
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 17 85.47
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 34 75.36

D. Impact pillar 27 65.54

1st sub-pillar: Economy 51 37.39
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 41 74.28 Portugal High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 8 84.94
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 25 57.52 C. Governance pillar 30 76.68

1st sub-pillar: Access 28 76.58 1st sub-pillar: Trust 43 69.22
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 80 59.70 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 32 79.85
1.1.2 Handset prices 38 83.97 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 20 97.33 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 36 41.38 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 46 52.70
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 46 47.00
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 40 75.43 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 17 85.47
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 38 98.97 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 37 65.92
2nd sub-pillar: Content 25 45.70 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 14 94.05 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 24 45.65 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 24 75.73
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 16 47.09 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 46 70.47 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 11 91.66 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 39 19.57 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 34 75.36
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 28 50.28 3.3.1 E-Participation 32 72.10
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 32 76.64 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 48 84.24
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 39 52.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 37 77.64
1.3.3 Robot density 25 12.35 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 58 66.98 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 11 59.39 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 22 75.82
B. People pillar 42 47.16 D. Impact pillar 27 65.54
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 45 52.28 1st sub-pillar: Economy 51 37.39
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 61 13.81 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 30 7.12
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 24 76.48 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 49 58.99
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 44 63.11 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 35 57.85
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 41 95.34 4.1.4 ICT services exports 41 25.61
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 31 12.66 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 41 74.28
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 45 40.65 4.2.1 Happiness 62 61.33 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 59 56.61 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 61 79.97 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 30 18.55 4.2.3 Income inequality 54 73.01 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 41 58.28 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 21 90.05 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 42 29.15 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 8 84.94
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 38 48.56 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 5 95.16 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 40 77.39 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 27 58.02
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 33 47.32 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 1 100.00 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 57 39.42 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 20 90.28 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 23 30.11 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 24 87.79

182 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Qatar
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 38 57.31
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 35 52.09 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 34 76.04
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 96 17.28 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 13 62.96
B. People pillar 31 50.80
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 8 69.27
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 70 34.62
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 39 48.52
C. Governance pillar 45 69.29
1st sub-pillar: Trust 35 71.64
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 47 73.87
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 63 62.35

D. Impact pillar 53 57.07

1st sub-pillar: Economy 23 45.03
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 25 79.30 Qatar High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 123 46.88

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 35 52.09 C. Governance pillar 45 69.29

1st sub-pillar: Access 34 76.04 1st sub-pillar: Trust 35 71.64
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 29 80.35 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 73 48.78
1.1.2 Handset prices 21 91.86 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 34 94.50
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 105 13.40 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account NA NA
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping NA NA
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 68 70.62 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 47 73.87
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 33 68.46
2nd sub-pillar: Content 96 17.28 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 97 68.69 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 89 3.94 ○ 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 25 75.26
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 69 3.08 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 81 60.81 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 90 56.94 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 100 1.27 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 63 62.35
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 13 62.96 3.3.1 E-Participation 89 36.05 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 19 83.10 ● 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments NA NA
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 17 71.00 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 30 81.97
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 44 69.03
1.3.4 Computer software spending 30 34.78 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments NA NA
B. People pillar 31 50.80 D. Impact pillar 53 57.07
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 8 69.27 1st sub-pillar: Economy 23 45.03
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 74 10.21 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 8 85.75 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 59 55.61
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 4 84.27 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 14 71.22 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 32 96.87 4.1.4 ICT services exports 80 8.26
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 25 79.30
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 70 34.62 4.2.1 Happiness 42 70.65
2.2.1 Firms with website NA NA 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 14 93.14 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 59 71.72
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 60 52.01 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 39 76.50
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 61 17.22 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 123 46.88
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 39 48.52 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 52 75.81
2.3.1 Government online services 83 56.83 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 49 34.97
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 44 40.43 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 131 11.97 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 8 84.73 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 115 55.34 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 53 12.09 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 12 94.70 ●

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 183

Country/Economy Profiles

Romania
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 57 52.77
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 63 44.05 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 45 72.33
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 58 27.54 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 78 32.26
B. People pillar 79 39.25
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 62 49.66
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 95 29.77
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 69 38.33
C. Governance pillar 51 66.19
1st sub-pillar: Trust 52 61.26
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 43 74.91
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 62 62.40

D. Impact pillar 38 61.57

1st sub-pillar: Economy 35 40.48
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 39 74.38 Romania High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 51 69.86
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 63 44.05 C. Governance pillar 51 66.19

1st sub-pillar: Access 45 72.33 1st sub-pillar: Trust 52 61.26
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 14 86.50 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 34 79.56 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 73 59.57 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 70 76.33
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 21 47.87 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 56 46.54
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 36 98.37 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 50 42.63
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 77 69.36 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 43 74.91
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 53 56.58
2nd sub-pillar: Content 58 27.54 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 28 90.48 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 45 19.16 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 54 52.36
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 45 8.99 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 49 69.56 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 53 75.14
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 51 12.46 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 62 62.40
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 78 32.26 3.3.1 E-Participation 54 61.63
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 47 66.12 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 84 61.43 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 90 31.25 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 45 71.88
1.3.3 Robot density 38 5.38 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 55 67.34
1.3.4 Computer software spending 49 26.30 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 89 49.73 ○
B. People pillar 79 39.25 D. Impact pillar 38 61.57
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 62 49.66 1st sub-pillar: Economy 35 40.48
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 42 21.92 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 41 2.39
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 50 61.23 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 35 64.00 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 63 58.24 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 74 36.34 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 19 98.76 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 10 59.21 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 39 8.15 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 39 74.38
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 95 29.77 4.2.1 Happiness 34 73.18 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 77 41.42 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 56 80.31
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 54 4.64 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 48 74.81
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 63 51.43 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 72 64.52
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 56 21.59 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 51 69.86
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 69 38.33 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 45 79.03
2.3.1 Government online services 69 64.79 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 45 37.45
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 46 40.30 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 41 87.18
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 53 39.83 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 19 90.42 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 62 8.38 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 93 49.71 ○

184 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Russian Federation
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 41 55.74
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 47 47.69 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 30 76.47
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 37 42.38 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 104 24.23
B. People pillar 22 54.58
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 5 75.84
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 44 41.05
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 41 46.84
C. Governance pillar 49 66.74
1st sub-pillar: Trust 33 74.09
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 112 52.66
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 40 73.47

D. Impact pillar 69 53.95

1st sub-pillar: Economy 41 39.55
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 77 62.31 Russian Federation High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 88 60.00

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 47 47.69 C. Governance pillar 49 66.74

1st sub-pillar: Access 30 76.47 1st sub-pillar: Trust 33 74.09
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 31 79.35 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 40 75.73
1.1.2 Handset prices 33 86.74 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 8 98.08 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 6 67.16 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 28 69.66
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 91 66.68 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 42 52.91
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 17 82.41 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 112 52.66
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 125 21.22 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 37 42.38 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 124 55.36 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 47 14.83 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 52 53.49
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 44 9.53 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 34 71.81 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 121 33.22 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 10 73.32 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 40 73.47
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 104 24.23 3.3.1 E-Participation 57 59.31
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 37 89.13
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 47 48.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 39 76.68
1.3.3 Robot density 48 1.02 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 40 69.53
1.3.4 Computer software spending 60 22.91 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 39 72.70
B. People pillar 22 54.58 D. Impact pillar 69 53.95
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 5 75.84 1st sub-pillar: Economy 41 39.55
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 4 63.68 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 40 2.61
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 6 81.99 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 38 63.95 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 25 63.66 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 3 99.89 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 77 9.94
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 77 62.31
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 44 41.05 4.2.1 Happiness 70 59.36
2.2.1 Firms with website 66 51.89 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 96 63.60 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 79 0.00 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 59 71.72
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 11 73.89 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 91 56.22 ○
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 27 38.40 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 88 60.00
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 41 46.84 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 41 80.65
2.3.1 Government online services 61 70.91 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 24 59.56
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 30 50.00 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 109 63.25 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 122 46.13 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 37 19.61 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 74 61.48

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 185

Country/Economy Profiles

Rwanda
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 91 43.16
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 93 33.10 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 102 46.83
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 105 14.66 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 55 37.80
B. People pillar 88 37.93
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 109 33.66
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 82 32.78
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 40 47.35
C. Governance pillar 76 53.65
1st sub-pillar: Trust 83 38.44
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 66 67.51
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 80 55.00

D. Impact pillar 98 47.98

1st sub-pillar: Economy 83 28.59
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 113 44.91 Rwanda Low-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 49 70.45
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 93 33.10 C. Governance pillar 76 53.65

1st sub-pillar: Access 102 46.83 1st sub-pillar: Trust 83 38.44
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 118 29.84 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 105 35.01
1.1.2 Handset prices 103 40.83 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 65 79.92
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 75 27.19 3.1.3 Online access to financial account NA NA
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 59 89.63 3.1.4 Internet shopping 126 0.40 ○
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 111 61.70 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 66 67.51
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 73 31.78 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 62 51.85
2nd sub-pillar: Content 105 14.66 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 46 86.90 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 74 4.87 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 57 50.27
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 119 0.17 ○ 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 106 46.15 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 106 48.51
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 66 7.48 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 80 55.00
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 55 37.80 3.3.1 E-Participation 53 62.80 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 66 59.73 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 120 36.12 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 42 50.00 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 82 51.44
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 111 3.67 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 51 69.65 ●
B. People pillar 88 37.93 D. Impact pillar 98 47.98
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 109 33.66 1st sub-pillar: Economy 83 28.59
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 107 2.63 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 48 61.42 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 118 35.27 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 127 1.22 ○ 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 55 44.77
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 83 69.36 4.1.4 ICT services exports 92 5.73
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 113 44.91
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 82 32.78 4.2.1 Happiness 130 1.82 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 92 32.66 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 46 83.77 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 8 55.86 ● 4.2.3 Income inequality 99 49.61
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 113 39.39 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 102 48.70
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 112 3.20 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 49 70.45
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 40 47.35 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 110 32.26
2.3.1 Government online services 41 77.18 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 56 33.04 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 35 88.89 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 23 65.69 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 63 81.73
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 48 13.48 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 94 49.19

186 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Saudi Arabia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 35 58.75
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 31 53.95 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 22 78.61
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 79 21.58 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 14 61.67
B. People pillar 30 51.13
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 15 66.54
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 87 31.53
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 26 55.31
C. Governance pillar 44 70.44
1st sub-pillar: Trust 32 74.12
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 91 61.25
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 30 75.95

D. Impact pillar 45 59.47

1st sub-pillar: Economy 29 42.33
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 16 84.30 Saudi Arabia High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 112 51.79

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 31 53.95 C. Governance pillar 44 70.44

1st sub-pillar: Access 22 78.61 1st sub-pillar: Trust 32 74.12
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 51 71.48 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 89 43.09
1.1.2 Handset prices 64 65.46 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 2 99.50 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 23 47.35 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 12 82.31 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 21 71.59
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 9 87.35 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 91 61.25
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 51 57.85
2nd sub-pillar: Content 79 21.58 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 14 94.05
1.2.1 GitHub commits 97 2.59 ○ 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 18 78.74
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 83 1.72 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 119 50.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 69 64.22 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 128 25.59 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 41 17.79 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 30 75.95
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 14 61.67 3.3.1 E-Participation 43 68.61
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 8 95.39 ● 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 60 78.24
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 30 61.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 11 91.11 ●
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 31 70.21
1.3.4 Computer software spending 41 28.11 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 42 71.56
B. People pillar 30 51.13 D. Impact pillar 45 59.47
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 15 66.54 1st sub-pillar: Economy 29 42.33
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 5 60.78 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 33 4.94
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 11 82.71 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 17 74.18
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 5 83.43 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 5 86.05 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 37 95.94 4.1.4 ICT services exports 98 4.17 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 35 9.87 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 16 84.30
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 87 31.53 4.2.1 Happiness 14 83.48
2.2.1 Firms with website 110 16.33 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 25 89.44
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 64 3.47 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 17 69.61 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 40 75.65
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 31 36.70 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 112 51.79
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 26 55.31 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 64 72.58
2.3.1 Government online services 32 80.33 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 66 20.61 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 38 45.84 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 111 60.68 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 6 86.91 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 103 65.50 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 63 8.19 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 96 48.16

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 187

Country/Economy Profiles

Senegal
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 101 39.10
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 92 33.17 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 98 50.81
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 117 10.93 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 57 37.78
B. People pillar 119 24.95
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 113 32.14
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 122 21.10
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 113 21.60
C. Governance pillar 97 47.44
1st sub-pillar: Trust 104 28.00
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 68 67.45
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 98 46.85

D. Impact pillar 86 50.85

1st sub-pillar: Economy 62 32.64
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 95 57.70 Senegal Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 80 62.22
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 92 33.17 C. Governance pillar 97 47.44

1st sub-pillar: Access 98 50.81 1st sub-pillar: Trust 104 28.00
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 99 46.09 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 119 26.17 ○
1.1.2 Handset prices 113 35.12 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 103 35.83
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions NA NA 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 68 37.16
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 52 94.30 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 85 12.85
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 129 51.94 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 68 67.45
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 77 26.59 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 88 41.06
2nd sub-pillar: Content 117 10.93 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 56 85.71 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 112 1.04 ○ 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 44 59.54 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 105 0.53 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 118 37.70 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 100 50.95
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 78 4.45 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 98 46.85
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 57 37.78 3.3.1 E-Participation 97 32.56
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 79 50.05 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 75 67.58
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 59 41.25 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 90 49.52
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 66 22.05 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 103 37.75
B. People pillar 119 24.95 D. Impact pillar 86 50.85
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 113 32.14 1st sub-pillar: Economy 62 32.64
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 75 9.90 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 47 61.68 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 95 41.56
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 112 14.42 ○ 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 54 45.06 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 96 42.56 ○ 4.1.4 ICT services exports 69 11.30 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 95 57.70
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 122 21.10 4.2.1 Happiness 94 42.25
2.2.1 Firms with website 106 22.98 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 75 71.67
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 46 7.77 4.2.3 Income inequality 68 68.89
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 76 47.91 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 101 49.45
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 102 5.73 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 80 62.22
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 113 21.60 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 109 33.87 ○
2.3.1 Government online services 98 44.01 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 91 6.97 ○ 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 110 62.39
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 90 25.18 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 62 81.80 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 57 10.22 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 87 51.07

188 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Serbia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 47 53.91
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 78 39.86 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 61 66.70
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 56 28.45 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 103 24.43
B. People pillar 46 46.00
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 36 55.60
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 50 38.76
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 55 43.65
C. Governance pillar 48 67.97
1st sub-pillar: Trust 56 57.12
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 46 73.98
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 42 72.81

D. Impact pillar 37 61.81

1st sub-pillar: Economy 22 46.35
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 48 72.02 Serbia Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 61 67.07

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 78 39.86 C. Governance pillar 48 67.97

1st sub-pillar: Access 61 66.70 1st sub-pillar: Trust 56 57.12
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 56 66.66 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 43 72.97
1.1.2 Handset prices 61 67.09 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 47 89.83
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 66 30.34 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 85 27.53 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 51 94.63 3.1.4 Internet shopping 53 38.17
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 45 74.76 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 46 73.98
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 66 51.24
2nd sub-pillar: Content 56 28.45 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 11 94.64 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 38 27.66 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 81 39.03 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 55 5.28 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 29 72.77 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 26 85.00 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 64 8.10 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 42 72.81
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 103 24.43 3.3.1 E-Participation 15 80.23 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 63 61.18 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 39 88.33
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 90 31.25 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 53 66.59
1.3.3 Robot density 44 2.56 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 60 66.92
1.3.4 Computer software spending 114 2.72 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 69 62.00
B. People pillar 46 46.00 D. Impact pillar 37 61.81
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 36 55.60 1st sub-pillar: Economy 22 46.35
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 63 13.07 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 79 49.20 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 76 49.37
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 50 60.96 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 79 35.17 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 14 99.18 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 13 54.50 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 48 72.02
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 50 38.76 4.2.1 Happiness 37 72.13 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 25 76.81 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 73 73.18
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 61 4.02 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 42 76.86
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 46 56.99 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 70 64.68
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 61 17.22 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 61 67.07
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 55 43.65 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 70 69.35
2.3.1 Government online services 26 83.58 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 41 43.51
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 28 91.45 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 78 29.70 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 94 71.64 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 40 17.67 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 84 54.01

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 189

Country/Economy Profiles

Seychelles
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 71 47.99
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 50 46.56 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 78 62.09
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 17 50.20 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 96 27.39
B. People pillar 77 39.44
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 61 49.71
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 33 47.60
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 115 21.01
C. Governance pillar 82 52.08
1st sub-pillar: Trust 65 50.59
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 80 64.05
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 112 41.60

D. Impact pillar 70 53.88

1st sub-pillar: Economy 132 11.62
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 42 73.87 Seychelles High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 38 76.14
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 50 46.56 C. Governance pillar 82 52.08

1st sub-pillar: Access 78 62.09 1st sub-pillar: Trust 65 50.59
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 85 56.63 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 13 87.94
1.1.2 Handset prices 59 68.45 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 122 13.25 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 125 3.72 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account NA NA
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 60 88.89 3.1.4 Internet shopping NA NA
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 123 54.84 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 80 64.05
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 54 55.71
2nd sub-pillar: Content 17 50.20 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 121 55.95 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 54 12.66 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies NA NA
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 1 100.00 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 2 88.14 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 65 69.52
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 132 0.00 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 112 41.60
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 96 27.39 3.3.1 E-Participation 119 20.94 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments NA NA
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 50 47.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 62 62.26
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 96 7.54 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments NA NA
B. People pillar 77 39.44 D. Impact pillar 70 53.88
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 61 49.71 1st sub-pillar: Economy 132 11.62
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 128 0.23 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 79 0.00 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 133 0.00 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 71 53.56 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 60 42.73
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 40 95.35 4.1.4 ICT services exports 102 3.76
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 42 73.87
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 33 47.60 4.2.1 Happiness NA NA
2.2.1 Firms with website 62 53.83 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices NA NA
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 1 100.00 4.2.3 Income inequality 34 79.43
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 117 36.56 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 59 68.31
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 127 0.00 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 38 76.14
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 115 21.01 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 57 74.19
2.3.1 Government online services 108 38.37 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 99 67.52
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 31 87.13
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 87 3.64 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 54 73.36

190 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Sierra Leone
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 129 23.43
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 120 22.56 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 113 34.66
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 112 12.26 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 113 20.76
B. People pillar 133 7.04
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 132 7.27
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 133 0.58
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 128 13.26
C. Governance pillar 128 28.33
1st sub-pillar: Trust 129 13.53
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 120 45.48
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 129 25.99

D. Impact pillar 124 35.79

1st sub-pillar: Economy 131 13.11
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 126 36.60 Sierra Leone Low-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 94 57.66

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 82 52.08 C. Governance pillar 128 28.33

1st sub-pillar: Access 65 50.59 1st sub-pillar: Trust 129 13.53
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 13 87.94 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 128 14.37
1.1.2 Handset prices 122 13.25 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 112 25.33 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions NA NA 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 104 13.68
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network NA NA 3.1.4 Internet shopping 125 0.73 ○
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 80 64.05 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 120 45.48
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 54 55.71 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 122 23.24
2nd sub-pillar: Content 121 55.95 ○ 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 121 55.95
1.2.1 GitHub commits NA NA 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 120 0.00 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 87 75.00 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 119 50.00

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 65 69.52 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 2 98.19 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 112 41.60 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 129 25.99
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 119 20.94 ○ 3.3.1 E-Participation 123 18.60
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 113 41.44
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 62 62.26 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 129 16.35
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending NA NA 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 111 27.56
B. People pillar 70 53.88 D. Impact pillar 124 35.79
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 132 11.62 1st sub-pillar: Economy 131 13.11
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 79 0.00 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 133 0.00 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 128 25.78
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 60 42.73 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy NA NA
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 102 3.76 4.1.4 ICT services exports 131 0.44 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 42 73.87 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 126 36.60
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses NA NA 4.2.1 Happiness 126 6.21
2.2.1 Firms with website NA NA 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 114 54.04
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 34 79.43 4.2.3 Income inequality 63 70.18 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 59 68.31 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 125 28.93
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 38 76.14 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 94 57.66
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 57 74.19 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 121 19.35
2.3.1 Government online services NA NA 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 99 67.52 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 34 89.74 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 31 87.13 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 100 67.84 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 54 73.36 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 131 11.48 ○

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 191

Country/Economy Profiles

Singapore
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 2 76.94
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 6 71.20 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 3 86.44
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 15 52.37 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 2 74.79
B. People pillar 3 69.98
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 10 68.62
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 5 65.38
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 3 75.94
C. Governance pillar 8 86.95
1st sub-pillar: Trust 16 82.61
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 12 88.22
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 1 90.01

D. Impact pillar 5 79.61

1st sub-pillar: Economy 5 67.55
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 18 83.35 Singapore High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 3 87.94
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 6 71.20 C. Governance pillar 8 86.95

1st sub-pillar: Access 3 86.44 1st sub-pillar: Trust 16 82.61
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 4 97.86 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 4 93.86 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 1 100.00 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 5 98.50
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 74 27.83 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 25 70.90
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 25 67.20
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 4 92.95 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 12 88.22
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 1 100.00 ●
2nd sub-pillar: Content 15 52.37 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 21 93.45
1.2.1 GitHub commits 1 100.00 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 3 94.25 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 35 18.23 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 5 84.69 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 95 53.41 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 70 6.57 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 1 90.01
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 2 74.79 3.3.1 E-Participation 3 97.68 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 5 97.38 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 27 92.85
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 13 78.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 10 91.59
1.3.3 Robot density 1 100.00 ● 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 43 69.07 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 58 23.26 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 2 98.86 ●
B. People pillar 3 69.98 D. Impact pillar 5 79.61
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 10 68.62 1st sub-pillar: Economy 5 67.55
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 67 12.08 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 7 97.70
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 2 91.22 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 37 63.65
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 8 74.72 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 10 81.40
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 34 96.47 4.1.4 ICT services exports 35 27.44
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 18 83.35
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 5 65.38 4.2.1 Happiness 26 76.84
2.2.1 Firms with website 55 58.91 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 51 82.45
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 1 100.00 ● 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 48 56.35 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 2 98.18 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 17 46.27 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 3 87.94
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 3 75.94 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 2 96.77 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 5 95.80 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 2 91.94 ●
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 74 76.07 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 3 92.24 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 24 89.62
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 16 39.78 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 18 91.51

192 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Slovakia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 46 54.88
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 49 46.87 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 27 77.90
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 53 29.45 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 74 33.25
B. People pillar 92 37.29
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 112 32.56
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 64 35.71
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 56 43.61
C. Governance pillar 27 78.13
1st sub-pillar: Trust 18 82.03
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 30 80.52
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 43 71.85

D. Impact pillar 52 57.22

1st sub-pillar: Economy 92 26.09
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 47 72.39 Slovakia Low-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 45 73.16

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 49 46.87 C. Governance pillar 27 78.13

1st sub-pillar: Access 27 77.90 1st sub-pillar: Trust 18 82.03
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 9 91.28 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 26 81.09 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 28 88.00 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 42 92.33
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 69 29.75 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 19 76.53 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 60 88.89 3.1.4 Internet shopping 17 78.15 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 73 69.49 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 30 80.52
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 34 67.98
2nd sub-pillar: Content 53 29.45 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 43 87.50
1.2.1 GitHub commits 43 22.77 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 48 57.51
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 33 19.80 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 42 70.64 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 17 89.62 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 77 4.59 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 43 71.85
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 74 33.25 3.3.1 E-Participation 80 45.35 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 44 85.89
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 44 49.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 29 82.93 ●
1.3.3 Robot density 18 26.02 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 39 69.66
1.3.4 Computer software spending 53 24.49 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 24 75.42 ●
B. People pillar 92 37.29 D. Impact pillar 52 57.22
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 112 32.56 1st sub-pillar: Economy 92 26.09
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 77 9.43 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 43 1.97
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 80 48.88 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 66 52.13
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 45 62.92 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 75 36.05 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 62 14.20
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 36 9.01 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 47 72.39
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 64 35.71 4.2.1 Happiness 49 68.13
2.2.1 Firms with website 39 67.02 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 94 64.14 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 52 5.28 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 1 100.00 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 59 52.18 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 54 69.83
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 60 18.35 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 45 73.16
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 56 43.61 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 27 85.48
2.3.1 Government online services 62 69.72 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 39 49.78
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 22 57.13 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 57 82.91
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 76 30.99 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 75 77.70
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 44 16.62 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 40 79.04

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 193

Country/Economy Profiles

Slovenia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 34 59.38
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 33 52.62 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 24 78.09
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 44 36.29 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 41 43.47
B. People pillar 59 43.36
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 95 41.49
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 59 37.23
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 31 51.36
C. Governance pillar 31 76.47
1st sub-pillar: Trust 39 70.76
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 23 83.49
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 35 75.16

D. Impact pillar 28 65.07

1st sub-pillar: Economy 101 24.86
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 6 88.94 Slovenia High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 26 81.40
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 33 52.62 C. Governance pillar 31 76.47

1st sub-pillar: Access 24 78.09 1st sub-pillar: Trust 39 70.76
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 6 97.57 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 14 86.19 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 46 81.01 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 75 74.92 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 89 20.75 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 42 58.65
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 38 97.68 3.1.4 Internet shopping 30 63.26
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 64 71.53 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 23 83.49
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 40 64.33
2nd sub-pillar: Content 44 36.29 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 3 97.62 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 27 39.59 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 33 67.00
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 27 25.71 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 15 76.82 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 18 88.50 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 84 3.03 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 35 75.16
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 41 43.47 3.3.1 E-Participation 25 74.42
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 31 76.74 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 33 90.40
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 41 51.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 49 68.27
1.3.3 Robot density 9 39.70 ● 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 51 68.17
1.3.4 Computer software spending 99 5.95 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 30 74.54
B. People pillar 59 43.36 D. Impact pillar 28 65.07
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 95 41.49 1st sub-pillar: Economy 101 24.86
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 85 6.45 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 42 2.35
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 27 74.58 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 88 44.79 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 32 67.13 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 70 37.50 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 60 14.81
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 24 17.81 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 6 88.94
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 59 37.23 4.2.1 Happiness 21 78.88 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 33 74.36 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 10 94.35 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 40 11.29 4.2.3 Income inequality 2 99.49 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 67 49.84 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 26 87.72
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 74 13.41 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 26 81.40
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 31 51.36 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 21 88.71
2.3.1 Government online services 22 85.26 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 21 60.81
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 20 95.73
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 77 30.44 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 47 84.14
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 18 38.39 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 34 81.18

194 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

South Africa
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 72 47.80
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 59 44.61 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 66 66.15
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 57 27.88 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 51 39.80
B. People pillar 73 39.80
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 105 36.71
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 34 47.48
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 78 35.21
C. Governance pillar 60 61.58
1st sub-pillar: Trust 58 53.45
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 55 69.18
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 65 62.10

D. Impact pillar 105 45.23

1st sub-pillar: Economy 89 26.79
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 118 40.09 South Africa Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 55 68.80

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 59 44.61 C. Governance pillar 60 61.58

1st sub-pillar: Access 66 66.15 1st sub-pillar: Trust 58 53.45
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 90 53.16 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 38 76.48 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 75 59.24 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 67 78.50
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 31 43.40 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 60 43.42
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 43 97.45 3.1.4 Internet shopping 80 15.39
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 31 77.48 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 55 69.18
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 83 43.68
2nd sub-pillar: Content 57 27.88 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 70 83.69
1.2.1 GitHub commits 71 5.05 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 61 49.05
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 52 5.98 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 76 61.94 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 66 69.47
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 26 38.57 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 65 62.10
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 51 39.80 3.3.1 E-Participation 61 58.14
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 46 66.24 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 68 72.97
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 40 51.75 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 89 49.76
1.3.3 Robot density 39 4.90 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 28 36.33 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 53 67.52
B. People pillar 73 39.80 D. Impact pillar 105 45.23
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 105 36.71 1st sub-pillar: Economy 89 26.79
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 39 26.54 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 49 1.07
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 100 35.46 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 32 66.36 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 98 35.21 ○ 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 84 33.72
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 63 86.35 4.1.4 ICT services exports 90 6.03
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 47 0.00 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 118 40.09
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 34 47.48 4.2.1 Happiness 95 41.87 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 23 77.41 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 97 63.21 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 63 3.61 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 118 0.00 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 24 65.95 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 123 30.38 ○
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 23 42.94 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 55 68.80
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 78 35.21 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 73 67.74
2.3.1 Government online services 55 72.23 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 61 30.63 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 52 83.76
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 87 25.92 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 110 59.94 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 54 12.06 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 80 57.67

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 195

Country/Economy Profiles

Spain
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 24 65.15
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 23 58.39 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 11 80.75
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 29 45.29 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 29 49.12
B. People pillar 19 55.33
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 28 57.61
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 21 54.86
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 27 53.53
C. Governance pillar 24 80.25
1st sub-pillar: Trust 26 77.67
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 26 81.53
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 15 81.54

D. Impact pillar 24 66.64

1st sub-pillar: Economy 38 40.12
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 38 75.20 Spain High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 11 84.61
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 23 58.39 C. Governance pillar 24 80.25

1st sub-pillar: Access 11 80.75 1st sub-pillar: Trust 26 77.67
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 45 73.85 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 33 79.63
1.1.2 Handset prices 34 85.99 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 5 98.50 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 16 55.98 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 31 66.09
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 45 96.54 3.1.4 Internet shopping 26 66.48
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 60 72.14 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 26 81.53
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 35 66.73
2nd sub-pillar: Content 29 45.29 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 71 83.33 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 30 38.43 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 30 67.87
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 31 22.13 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 35 71.74 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 15 89.72
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 22 48.84 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 15 81.54
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 29 49.12 3.3.1 E-Participation 25 74.42
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 37 71.91 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 3 99.47 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 56 43.00 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 22 85.58
1.3.3 Robot density 20 22.52 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 27 70.86
1.3.4 Computer software spending 12 59.05 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 11 77.36 ●
B. People pillar 19 55.33 D. Impact pillar 24 66.64
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 28 57.61 1st sub-pillar: Economy 38 40.12
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 24 38.62 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 28 10.66
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 63 55.93 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 15 74.87
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 11 73.41 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 47 51.16 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 24 97.97 4.1.4 ICT services exports 44 23.78
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 22 22.10 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 38 75.20
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 21 54.86 4.2.1 Happiness 36 72.46
2.2.1 Firms with website 30 74.69 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 80 68.46 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 21 22.50 4.2.3 Income inequality 48 74.81 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 13 73.08 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 8 94.54 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 15 49.17 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 11 84.61
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 27 53.53 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 14 90.32
2.3.1 Government online services 25 84.07 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 28 57.90
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 3 78.40 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 1 100.00 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 86 26.06 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 26 88.52
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 30 25.59 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 13 93.74 ●

196 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Sri Lanka
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 95 42.12
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 82 38.21 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 99 50.71
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 82 20.74 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 44 43.18
B. People pillar 105 31.50
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 79 46.36
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 118 23.34
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 105 24.81
C. Governance pillar 101 46.46
1st sub-pillar: Trust 100 31.54
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 109 53.61
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 82 54.23

D. Impact pillar 78 52.30

1st sub-pillar: Economy 36 40.36
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 107 48.35 Sri Lanka Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 57 68.18

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 82 38.21 C. Governance pillar 101 46.46

1st sub-pillar: Access 99 50.71 1st sub-pillar: Trust 100 31.54
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 82 58.57 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 80 47.48
1.1.2 Handset prices 118 29.84 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 89 58.67
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 57 33.57 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 115 7.83 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 90 69.99 3.1.4 Internet shopping 87 12.17
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 61 71.87 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 109 53.61
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 68 40.46 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 108 32.68
2nd sub-pillar: Content 82 20.74 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 125 55.12 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 50 13.47 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 71 46.38
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 101 0.80 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 91 56.37 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 86 58.86
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 52 12.32 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 82 54.23
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 44 43.18 3.3.1 E-Participation 94 33.73
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 92 41.11 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 61 77.51
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 69 38.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 93 47.12
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 92 46.72 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 21 50.18 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 59 66.10
B. People pillar 105 31.50 D. Impact pillar 78 52.30
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 79 46.36 1st sub-pillar: Economy 36 40.36
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 56 14.90 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 58 0.35
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 66 53.76 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 60 55.35 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 101 27.15 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 44 53.49 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 60 89.61 4.1.4 ICT services exports 15 52.23 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 107 48.35
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 118 23.34 4.2.1 Happiness 123 9.22 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 122 3.63 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 93 64.27
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 76 65.04
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 57 52.57 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 35 78.08 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 71 13.81 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 57 68.18
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 105 24.81 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 85 61.29
2.3.1 Government online services 88 51.86 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 62 27.71 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 117 52.99 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 99 17.72 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 6 95.76 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 102 1.97 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 90 50.30

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 197

Country/Economy Profiles

Sweden
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 4 74.99
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 7 69.28 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 16 79.49
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 9 57.62 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 4 70.73
B. People pillar 15 60.21
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 51 51.65
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 19 57.24
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 6 71.73
C. Governance pillar 6 87.89
1st sub-pillar: Trust 3 90.77
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 6 89.98
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 10 82.92

D. Impact pillar 2 82.58

1st sub-pillar: Economy 4 72.56
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 5 90.50 Sweden High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 10 84.67
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 7 69.28 C. Governance pillar 6 87.89

1st sub-pillar: Access 16 79.49 1st sub-pillar: Trust 3 90.77
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 20 84.07 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 25 82.96
1.1.2 Handset prices 37 84.33 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 32 94.58
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 40 39.05 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 4 94.97 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 4 90.56 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 74 69.48 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 6 89.98
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 8 87.49
2nd sub-pillar: Content 9 57.62 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 46 86.90 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 6 85.70 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 15 80.99
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 15 51.55 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 10 78.35 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 9 94.51
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 46 14.86 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 10 82.92
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 4 70.73 3.3.1 E-Participation 32 72.10
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 13 88.50 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 16 96.66
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 3 92.00 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 1 100.00 ●
1.3.3 Robot density 6 45.02 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 38 69.85 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 16 57.40 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 20 75.98
B. People pillar 15 60.21 D. Impact pillar 2 82.58
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 51 51.65 1st sub-pillar: Economy 4 72.56
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 38 27.01 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 1 100.00 ●
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 6 86.50 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 39 63.16 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 20 70.13 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 18 68.90
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 12 58.20
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 21 22.96 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 5 90.50
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 19 57.24 4.2.1 Happiness 7 88.07 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 8 89.19 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 12 93.49
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 18 27.60 4.2.3 Income inequality 21 85.35
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 32 62.00 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 8 94.54
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 14 50.16 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 10 84.67
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 6 71.73 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 14 90.32
2.3.1 Government online services 13 88.97 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 18 62.08
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 19 58.11 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 1 100.00 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 11 79.65 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 59 82.46 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 4 60.21 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 3 97.98 ●

198 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Switzerland
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 7 73.71
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 2 74.85 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 8 82.60
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 5 69.42 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 3 72.54
B. People pillar 10 61.38
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 37 55.04
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 10 62.64
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 14 66.45
C. Governance pillar 13 83.27
1st sub-pillar: Trust 31 74.75
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 3 93.48
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 14 81.58

D. Impact pillar 10 75.35

1st sub-pillar: Economy 15 54.99
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 13 85.75 Switzerland High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 7 85.32

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 2 74.85 C. Governance pillar 13 83.27

1st sub-pillar: Access 8 82.60 1st sub-pillar: Trust 31 74.75
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 1 100.00 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 5 93.32 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 1 100.00 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 50 87.00 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 82 26.10 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 41 60.55
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 38 58.12
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 74 69.48 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 3 93.48
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 11 86.05
2nd sub-pillar: Content 5 69.42 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 21 93.45
1.2.1 GitHub commits 1 100.00 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 5 90.38
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 5 90.69 ● 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 21 74.47 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 4 97.53 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 50 12.53 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 14 81.58
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 3 72.54 3.3.1 E-Participation 41 69.76
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 2 99.62 ● 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 1 100.00 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 4 89.25 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 6 95.43
1.3.3 Robot density 10 39.22 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 56 67.15 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 7 62.07 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 23 75.53
B. People pillar 10 61.38 D. Impact pillar 10 75.35
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 37 55.04 1st sub-pillar: Economy 15 54.99
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 43 20.32 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 9 70.14
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 5 87.30 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 34 64.09
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 25 68.54 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 28 62.79
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 47 22.93 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 6 43.99 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 13 85.75
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 10 62.64 4.2.1 Happiness 13 83.82
2.2.1 Firms with website 4 92.10 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 31 87.49
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 12 39.22 4.2.3 Income inequality 46 75.32 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 18 67.72 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 4 96.57 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 13 51.50 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 7 85.32
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 14 66.45 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 10 91.94
2.3.1 Government online services 49 74.33 ○ 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 9 66.44
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 52 83.76 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 20 67.67 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 5 96.78 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 7 57.37 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 6 96.62

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 199

Country/Economy Profiles

Tanzania
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 103 37.93
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 104 28.97 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 109 40.20
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 103 15.09 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 82 31.61
B. People pillar 102 31.98
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 108 34.89
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 106 26.36
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 80 34.69
C. Governance pillar 103 44.80
1st sub-pillar: Trust 90 35.85
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 107 54.44
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 104 44.10

D. Impact pillar 103 45.97

1st sub-pillar: Economy 72 30.86
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 100 51.22 Tanzania Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 102 55.84
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 104 28.97 C. Governance pillar 103 44.80

1st sub-pillar: Access 109 40.20 1st sub-pillar: Trust 90 35.85
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 120 27.36 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 116 28.75
1.1.2 Handset prices 105 39.06 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 45 90.58 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 19 48.55 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 99 17.92
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 118 17.10 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 104 6.16
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 79 68.94 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 107 54.44
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 102 34.79
2nd sub-pillar: Content 103 15.09 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 75 79.76
1.2.1 GitHub commits 124 0.38 ○ 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 78 39.85
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 118 0.17 ○ 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 112 42.80 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 113 42.81
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 42 17.02 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 104 44.10
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 82 31.61 3.3.1 E-Participation 109 25.58
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 75 52.84 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 101 52.28
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 58 41.50 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 95 44.71
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 128 0.50 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 83 53.84
B. People pillar 102 31.98 D. Impact pillar 103 45.97
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 108 34.89 1st sub-pillar: Economy 72 30.86
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 65 12.34 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 77 50.24 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 67 52.05 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 125 2.90 ○ 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 69 38.08 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 76 74.08 4.1.4 ICT services exports 113 2.44
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 100 51.22
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 106 26.36 4.2.1 Happiness 118 18.97 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 107 22.62 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 50 82.53 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 86 57.84
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 85 45.77 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 104 46.48
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 79 10.68 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 102 55.84
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 80 34.69 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 117 22.58 ○
2.3.1 Government online services 105 41.42 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 80 74.36
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 31 53.56 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 107 61.33
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 61 9.09 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 110 41.06

200 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Thailand
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 40 56.07
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 48 47.05 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 36 75.03
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 69 24.56 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 47 41.57
B. People pillar 32 50.49
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 13 67.31
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 76 33.67
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 32 50.50
C. Governance pillar 42 71.32
1st sub-pillar: Trust 44 69.09
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 54 69.96
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 36 74.90

D. Impact pillar 60 55.41

1st sub-pillar: Economy 74 30.72
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 30 78.07 Thailand Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 95 57.44

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 48 47.05 C. Governance pillar 42 71.32

1st sub-pillar: Access 36 75.03 1st sub-pillar: Trust 44 69.09
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 62 64.63 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 59 60.09
1.1.2 Handset prices 88 49.31 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 52 86.50
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 10 62.00 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 24 71.24 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 60 88.89 3.1.4 Internet shopping 36 58.54
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 11 85.43 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 54 69.96
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 35 99.90 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 61 51.90
2nd sub-pillar: Content 69 24.56 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 65 83.93
1.2.1 GitHub commits 80 4.55 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 66 47.57
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 72 2.68 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 64 65.79 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 77 66.38
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 31 25.22 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 36 74.90
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 47 41.57 3.3.1 E-Participation 18 77.91 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 28 77.07 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 8 98.84 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 37 54.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 60 63.94
1.3.3 Robot density 32 8.10 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 65 66.51
1.3.4 Computer software spending 45 26.60 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 54 67.30
B. People pillar 32 50.49 D. Impact pillar 60 55.41
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 13 67.31 1st sub-pillar: Economy 74 30.72
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 8 58.25 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 64 0.22 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 53 60.50 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 22 70.78 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 60 59.08 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 48 50.87
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 56 91.41 4.1.4 ICT services exports 128 0.99 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 30 78.07
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 76 33.67 4.2.1 Happiness 48 68.61
2.2.1 Firms with website 86 36.17 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 13 93.39 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 72 1.45 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 57 72.24
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 25 64.80 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 46 72.20
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 38 32.24 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 95 57.44
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 32 50.50 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 27 85.48
2.3.1 Government online services 47 75.28 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 65 23.39 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 27 53.44 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 96 70.09 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 37 49.49 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 86 75.51 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 32 23.80 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 117 36.09 ○

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 201

Country/Economy Profiles

Trinidad and Tobago

Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 106 36.48
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 103 29.31 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 83 59.07
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 121 7.54 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 111 21.32
B. People pillar 120 24.58
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 123 23.80
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 98 28.76
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 114 21.17
C. Governance pillar 93 48.44
1st sub-pillar: Trust 103 28.81
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 81 64.01
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 87 52.49

D. Impact pillar 110 43.59

1st sub-pillar: Economy 130 14.41
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 50 71.75 Trinidad and Tobago High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 125 44.61
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 103 29.31 C. Governance pillar 93 48.44

1st sub-pillar: Access 83 59.07 1st sub-pillar: Trust 103 28.81
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 103 44.40 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 84 45.86
1.1.2 Handset prices 63 65.74 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 115 22.17
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 94 18.44 3.1.3 Online access to financial account NA NA
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 72 18.41
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 93 66.78 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 81 64.01
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 75 46.28
2nd sub-pillar: Content 121 7.54 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 41 88.10 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 85 4.24 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 107 18.44 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 78 2.21 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 120 23.29 ○ 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 72 67.24 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 123 0.40 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 87 52.49
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 111 21.32 3.3.1 E-Participation 117 22.09 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 46 84.90 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 114 22.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 86 50.48
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 72 20.40 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments NA NA
B. People pillar 120 24.58 D. Impact pillar 110 43.59
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 123 23.80 1st sub-pillar: Economy 130 14.41
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 118 1.72 ○ 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 79 0.00 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 117 35.58 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 82 45.88 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 108 19.19 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 111 2.86
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 50 71.75
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 98 28.76 4.2.1 Happiness 53 66.60 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 109 18.39 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 52 82.09 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 114 39.14 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 78 61.34
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale NA NA 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 125 44.61
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 114 21.17 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 57 74.19 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 101 43.55 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 48 35.43
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 76 18.98 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 103 65.81
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 131 0.00 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 108 0.98 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 36 80.24 ●

202 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Tunisia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 96 41.57
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 71 42.34 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 71 64.05
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 77 22.03 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 49 40.92
B. People pillar 94 36.75
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 56 50.83
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 94 29.94
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 97 29.48
C. Governance pillar 91 49.41
1st sub-pillar: Trust 81 40.11
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 95 59.84
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 94 48.27

D. Impact pillar 122 37.79

1st sub-pillar: Economy 111 21.27
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 119 39.79 Tunisia Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 109 52.32

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 71 42.34 C. Governance pillar 91 49.41

1st sub-pillar: Access 71 64.05 1st sub-pillar: Trust 81 40.11
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 69 62.47 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 83 46.00
1.1.2 Handset prices 81 53.79 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 53 86.25 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 80 26.32 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 110 9.35 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 60 88.89 3.1.4 Internet shopping 71 18.86
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 57 72.43 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 95 59.84
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 49 80.42 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 92 38.30
2nd sub-pillar: Content 77 22.03 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 92 70.00
1.2.1 GitHub commits 60 8.77 ● 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 63 48.19
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 76 2.32 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 96 53.53 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 71 67.71
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 34 23.52 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 94 48.27
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 49 40.92 3.3.1 E-Participation 67 53.49
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 64 60.45 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 79 65.35
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 78 35.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 82 51.44
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 95 42.99 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 44 26.82 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 110 28.07 ○
B. People pillar 94 36.75 D. Impact pillar 122 37.79
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 56 50.83 1st sub-pillar: Economy 111 21.27
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 66 12.26 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 60 0.31
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 33 71.37 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 78 48.73
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 77 48.41 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 104 22.09 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 82 71.27 4.1.4 ICT services exports 64 13.94
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 119 39.79
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 94 29.94 4.2.1 Happiness 104 29.23 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 70 49.47 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 129 18.25 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 38 11.36 ● 4.2.3 Income inequality 46 75.32 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 80 46.82 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 58 68.50 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 76 12.12 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 109 52.32
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 97 29.48 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 85 61.29
2.3.1 Government online services 85 56.13 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 71 14.06 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 59 30.93 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 118 51.28 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 100 17.58 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 66 80.12
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 49 13.28 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 68 66.34

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 203

Country/Economy Profiles

Türkiye
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 58 52.65
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 39 50.26 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 9 81.72
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 46 34.78 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 72 34.27
B. People pillar 40 47.33
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 38 54.90
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 56 37.61
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 34 49.47
C. Governance pillar 54 64.28
1st sub-pillar: Trust 49 62.81
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 77 65.05
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 56 64.97

D. Impact pillar 96 48.75

1st sub-pillar: Economy 66 32.26
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 120 39.79 Türkiye Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 44 74.20
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 39 50.26 C. Governance pillar 54 64.28

1st sub-pillar: Access 9 81.72 1st sub-pillar: Trust 49 62.81
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 5 97.66 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 47 70.46
1.1.2 Handset prices 69 61.87 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 15 97.50 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 18 48.94 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 54 48.73
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 44 97.11 3.1.4 Internet shopping 59 34.54
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 13 84.73 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 77 65.05
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 85 42.28
2nd sub-pillar: Content 46 34.78 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 21 93.45
1.2.1 GitHub commits 65 7.32 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 68 47.52
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 51 7.47 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 26 73.71 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 114 42.01 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 21 50.64 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 56 64.97
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 72 34.27 3.3.1 E-Participation 18 77.91 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 50 65.59 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 83 61.83
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 102 27.50 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 47 69.95
1.3.3 Robot density 37 5.47 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 89 55.38 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 25 38.51 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 72 59.78
B. People pillar 40 47.33 D. Impact pillar 96 48.75
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 38 54.90 1st sub-pillar: Economy 66 32.26
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 11 47.24 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 35 4.44
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 93 41.55 ○ 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 11 78.76 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 64 57.68 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 66 39.83
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 39 95.43 4.1.4 ICT services exports 91 6.01 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 10 32.62 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 120 39.79
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 56 37.61 4.2.1 Happiness 86 50.45 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 71 48.70 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 127 25.12 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 66 2.45 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 100 47.81 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 20 66.27 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth NA NA
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 37 33.03 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 44 74.20
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 34 49.47 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 52 75.81
2.3.1 Government online services 24 84.53 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 37 51.44
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 74 76.07
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 46 43.69 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 23 89.84 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 35 20.19 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 32 83.07

204 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Uganda
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 118 32.90
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 119 22.63 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 119 32.32
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 99 17.15 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 118 18.41
B. People pillar 124 20.00
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 120 26.81
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 132 6.42
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 101 26.77
C. Governance pillar 100 46.47
1st sub-pillar: Trust 86 36.62
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 97 58.67
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 103 44.11

D. Impact pillar 113 42.52

1st sub-pillar: Economy 96 25.64
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 99 52.20 Uganda Low-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 115 49.72

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 119 22.63 C. Governance pillar 100 46.47

1st sub-pillar: Access 119 32.32 1st sub-pillar: Trust 86 36.62
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 113 35.55 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 117 28.41 ○
1.1.2 Handset prices 125 24.95 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 79 70.00 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 119 6.70 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 67 38.40 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 118 17.10 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 92 9.67
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 34 77.30 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 97 58.67
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 99 36.51
2nd sub-pillar: Content 99 17.15 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 59 84.52 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 107 1.62 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 98 28.82
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 121 0.13 ○ 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 97 52.84 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 112 43.51
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 48 14.00 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 103 44.11
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 118 18.41 3.3.1 E-Participation 87 39.54
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 102 51.47
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 75 36.00 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 123 23.56 ○
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 126 0.82 ○ 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 70 61.87 ●
B. People pillar 124 20.00 D. Impact pillar 113 42.52
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 120 26.81 1st sub-pillar: Economy 96 25.64
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 82 7.91 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system NA NA 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 81 47.65
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 131 0.09 ○ 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 100 25.29
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 80 72.44 4.1.4 ICT services exports 99 3.97
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 99 52.20
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 132 6.42 4.2.1 Happiness 107 28.37
2.2.1 Firms with website 120 4.35 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 57 80.15 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 45 8.42 ● 4.2.3 Income inequality 95 52.19
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services NA NA 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 108 44.00
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 96 6.47 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 115 49.72
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 101 26.77 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 110 32.26
2.3.1 Government online services 96 46.61 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 57 31.33 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 71 77.78 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies NA NA 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 126 33.41 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 98 2.39 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 106 43.67

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 205

Country/Economy Profiles

Ukraine
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 43 55.32
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 44 48.96 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 69 65.49
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 41 37.69 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 40 43.71
B. People pillar 28 51.83
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 4 77.28
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 69 34.67
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 57 43.53
C. Governance pillar 56 63.14
1st sub-pillar: Trust 51 62.15
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 78 64.48
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 61 62.78

D. Impact pillar 51 57.34

1st sub-pillar: Economy 16 52.82
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 90 59.28 Ukraine Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 89 59.93
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 44 48.96 C. Governance pillar 56 63.14

1st sub-pillar: Access 69 65.49 1st sub-pillar: Trust 51 62.15
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 54 69.66 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 44 72.60
1.1.2 Handset prices 77 55.29 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 85 65.92
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 12 59.84 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 36 62.11
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 109 33.13 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 45 47.97
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 43 75.02 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 78 64.48
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 89 40.24 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 41 37.69 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 86 75.00
1.2.1 GitHub commits 39 26.18 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 80 39.06 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 56 5.24 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 12 77.28 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 70 68.11
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 24 42.04 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 61 62.78
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 40 43.71 3.3.1 E-Participation 57 59.31
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 52 65.04 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 41 87.08
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 62 40.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 76 54.33
1.3.3 Robot density 55 0.09 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 81 59.21 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 4 69.19 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 81 53.97
B. People pillar 28 51.83 D. Impact pillar 51 57.34
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 4 77.28 1st sub-pillar: Economy 16 52.82
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country NA NA 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 45 1.45
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 25 75.99 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 48 59.19
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 68 55.90 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 35 57.85
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 2 99.96 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 5 92.77 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 90 59.28
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 69 34.67 4.2.1 Happiness 101 32.94 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 58 58.42 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 85 67.38
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 62 3.80 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 3 96.14 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 56 52.73 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 84 58.91
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 52 23.74 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 89 59.93
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 57 43.53 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 52 75.81
2.3.1 Government online services 34 79.53 ● 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 42 42.25
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 23 55.39 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 63 79.49
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 71 34.08 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 113 57.60 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 78 5.12 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 104 44.97 ○

206 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

United Arab Emirates
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 28 62.79
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 21 59.51 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 4 84.96
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 63 26.11 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 8 67.46
B. People pillar 12 60.74
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 2 77.80
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 61 36.63
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 11 67.79
C. Governance pillar 50 66.58
1st sub-pillar: Trust 54 58.03
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 74 66.17
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 33 75.55

D. Impact pillar 33 64.31

1st sub-pillar: Economy 33 41.28
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 17 84.28 United Arab Emirates High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 60 67.37

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 21 59.51 C. Governance pillar 50 66.58

1st sub-pillar: Access 4 84.96 1st sub-pillar: Trust 54 58.03
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 10 88.54 ● 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 61 58.34
1.1.2 Handset prices 1 100.00 ● 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 8 98.08 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 45 37.43 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 55 46.91
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 1 100.00 ● 3.1.4 Internet shopping 60 28.78
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 15 83.77 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 74 66.17
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 29 72.31
2nd sub-pillar: Content 63 26.11 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 75 79.76 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 51 13.25 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 9 83.27 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 46 8.82 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 13 76.94 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 130 20.50 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 73 5.42 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 33 75.55
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 8 67.46 3.3.1 E-Participation 18 77.91
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 3 99.14 ● 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 31 91.47
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 10 79.50 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 21 85.82
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 31 70.21
1.3.4 Computer software spending 57 23.74 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 87 52.36 ○
B. People pillar 12 60.74 D. Impact pillar 33 64.31
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 2 77.80 1st sub-pillar: Economy 33 41.28
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 37 27.15 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 31 5.70
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 7 86.13 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 33 65.32
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 1 100.00 ● 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 11 79.94
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 25 97.94 4.1.4 ICT services exports 63 14.15 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 17 84.28
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 61 36.63 4.2.1 Happiness 22 78.49
2.2.1 Firms with website NA NA 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 32 86.63
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 42 10.96 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 8 94.09 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 33 61.30 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 32 81.35
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 29 37.64 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 60 67.37
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 11 67.79 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 27 85.48
2.3.1 Government online services 12 89.10 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 46 36.99 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 20 57.54 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 74 76.07 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 2 97.73 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 99 67.91 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 26 26.77 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 19 91.50

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 207

Country/Economy Profiles

United Kingdom
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 8 73.57
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 5 71.38 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 10 81.48
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 3 72.55 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 16 60.11
B. People pillar 7 64.01
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 49 51.81
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 4 66.17
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 4 74.05
C. Governance pillar 14 82.88
1st sub-pillar: Trust 21 80.52
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 25 82.05
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 5 86.08

D. Impact pillar 8 76.02

1st sub-pillar: Economy 12 59.75
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 22 81.45 United Kingdom High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 4 86.85
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 5 71.38 C. Governance pillar 14 82.88

1st sub-pillar: Access 10 81.48 1st sub-pillar: Trust 21 80.52
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 25 82.08 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 21 83.82
1.1.2 Handset prices 12 96.12 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 2 99.50 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 34 41.44 ○ 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 33 64.59 ○
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 29 98.83 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 19 74.18
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 8 88.91 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 25 82.05
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 13 84.79
2nd sub-pillar: Content 3 72.55 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 7 95.83 ●
1.2.1 GitHub commits 18 58.86 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 29 69.11
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 10 63.00 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 25 73.95 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 85 60.53 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 7 94.38 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 5 86.08
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 16 60.11 3.3.1 E-Participation 6 95.34 ●
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 16 84.70 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 5 99.42 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 8 82.25 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 12 90.87
1.3.3 Robot density 23 15.34 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 46 68.70 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 15 58.16 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 19 76.06
B. People pillar 7 64.01 D. Impact pillar 8 76.02
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 49 51.81 1st sub-pillar: Economy 12 59.75
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 17 43.80 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 18 35.38
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 28 74.46 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 9 79.42
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 13 72.66 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 4 89.24 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 27 34.97
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 26 16.31 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 22 81.45
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 4 66.17 4.2.1 Happiness 25 76.93
2.2.1 Firms with website 15 82.00 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 38 84.69 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 9 47.30 4.2.3 Income inequality 35 78.66 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services NA NA 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 27 86.78
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 3 69.22 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 4 86.85
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 4 74.05 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 5 95.16 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 17 87.39 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 13 64.95
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 6 71.31 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 15 96.58
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 7 84.88 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 14 91.89
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 11 52.61 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 16 92.78

208 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

United States
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 1 78.96
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 1 82.24 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 2 86.46
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 1 76.03 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 1 84.24
B. People pillar 2 72.97
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 18 62.05
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 1 76.87
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 2 79.98
C. Governance pillar 9 86.53
1st sub-pillar: Trust 6 90.27
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 19 85.34
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 9 83.96

D. Impact pillar 11 74.12

1st sub-pillar: Economy 2 77.34
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 73 66.10 United States High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 29 78.92

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 1 82.24 C. Governance pillar 9 86.53

1st sub-pillar: Access 2 86.46 1st sub-pillar: Trust 6 90.27
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 24 82.70 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 2 94.60 ●
1.1.2 Handset prices 18 93.55 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 1 100.00 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 14 57.42 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 15 80.30
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 48 95.41 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 9 86.19
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 7 89.68 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 19 85.34
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 18 81.46
2nd sub-pillar: Content 1 76.03 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 31 89.88
1.2.1 GitHub commits 14 64.55 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 6 89.11
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 9 65.42 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 23 74.16 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 78 66.26 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 1 100.00 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 9 83.96
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 1 84.24 3.3.1 E-Participation 10 90.70
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 4 98.65 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 35 89.92
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 1 100.00 ● 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 7 93.51
1.3.3 Robot density 11 38.30 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 18 71.79
1.3.4 Computer software spending 1 100.00 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 34 73.90
B. People pillar 2 72.97 D. Impact pillar 11 74.12
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 18 62.05 1st sub-pillar: Economy 2 77.34
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 3 81.82 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 1 100.00 ●
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 12 82.22 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 2 98.08 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 52 60.77 ○ 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 2 95.35 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 58 15.93 ○
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 17 23.39 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 73 66.10
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 1 76.87 4.2.1 Happiness 33 73.90
2.2.1 Firms with website 36 69.25 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 107 58.77 ○
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 13 38.25 4.2.3 Income inequality 92 55.78 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 1 100.00 ● 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 42 75.47
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 1 100.00 ● 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 29 78.92
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 2 79.98 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 10 91.94
2.3.1 Government online services 9 92.31 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 17 62.90
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 16 65.46 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 38 88.03
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 1 100.00 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 81 76.97 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 3 62.14 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 31 83.60

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 209

Country/Economy Profiles

Uruguay
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 53 53.40
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 66 43.49 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 58 67.11
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 62 26.36 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 61 37.01
B. People pillar 45 46.02
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 23 58.34
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 75 33.67
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 45 46.05
C. Governance pillar 55 64.12
1st sub-pillar: Trust 57 54.06
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 34 78.53
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 71 59.78

D. Impact pillar 43 59.96

1st sub-pillar: Economy 76 30.59
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 31 77.05 Uruguay High-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 48 72.23
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 66 43.49 C. Governance pillar 55 64.12

1st sub-pillar: Access 58 67.11 1st sub-pillar: Trust 57 54.06
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 48 72.74 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 57 60.44
1.1.2 Handset prices 43 82.12 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 72 75.17
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 52 35.29 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 57 44.55
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 101 47.84 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 55 36.09
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 103 64.65 ○ 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 34 78.53
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 1 100.00 ● 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 39 64.77
2nd sub-pillar: Content 62 26.36 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 93 69.64 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 42 22.82 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 31 67.86 ●
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 43 9.59 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 33 72.05 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 14 90.37 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 107 0.97 ○ 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 71 59.78
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 61 37.01 3.3.1 E-Participation 61 58.14
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 48 65.74 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 74 69.00
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 104 27.00 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 63 61.78
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 14 74.24 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 75 18.28 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 104 35.76 ○
B. People pillar 45 46.02 D. Impact pillar 43 59.96
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 23 58.34 1st sub-pillar: Economy 76 30.59
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 81 8.81 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 52 0.79
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 44 62.74 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 89 44.30 ○
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 42 63.48 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 95 27.62 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 22 98.31 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 16 49.65 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 31 77.05
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 75 33.67 4.2.1 Happiness 24 77.02 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 44 64.71 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 23 89.72 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 50 5.88 4.2.3 Income inequality 87 57.58 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 78 47.80 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 48 71.26
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 65 16.29 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 48 72.23
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 45 46.05 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 27 85.48 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 52 73.93 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 47 36.17
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 15 67.89 ● 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 48 84.62
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 69 34.49 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 35 86.48
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 64 7.88 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 41 77.85

210 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Uzbekistan
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 81 44.87
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 72 41.57 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 63 66.49
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 78 21.78 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 63 36.43
B. People pillar 91 37.51
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 72 48.02
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 101 27.72
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 74 36.80
C. Governance pillar 90 49.53
1st sub-pillar: Trust 75 42.12
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 127 36.67
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 49 69.80

D. Impact pillar 85 50.87

1st sub-pillar: Economy 110 21.57
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 26 78.91 Uzbekistan Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 111 52.15

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 72 41.57 C. Governance pillar 90 49.53

1st sub-pillar: Access 63 66.49 1st sub-pillar: Trust 75 42.12
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 55 68.14 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 72 49.07
1.1.2 Handset prices 123 27.75 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 77 71.08
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 9 64.07 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 62 42.25
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 92 61.99 3.1.4 Internet shopping 105 6.09 ○
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 18 82.06 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 127 36.67
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 43 94.92 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 101 35.10
2nd sub-pillar: Content 78 21.78 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 132 2.14 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 92 3.23 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies NA NA
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 100 0.82 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 61 66.31 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 120 34.42 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 43 16.76 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 49 69.80
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 63 36.43 3.3.1 E-Participation 55 60.46
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 70 57.94 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 45 84.97 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.3 Availability of local online content NA NA
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 77 62.99
1.3.4 Computer software spending 80 14.91 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 45 70.79 ●
B. People pillar 91 37.51 D. Impact pillar 85 50.87
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 72 48.02 1st sub-pillar: Economy 110 21.57
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 40 24.12 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 79 0.00 ○
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 78 49.78 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 56 56.82
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 108 18.16 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy NA NA
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 1 100.00 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 83 7.90
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 26 78.91
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 101 27.72 4.2.1 Happiness 41 70.89 ●
2.2.1 Firms with website 112 12.82 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 11 93.55 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 25 81.75 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 62 51.45 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 76 62.80
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 59 18.88 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 111 52.15
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 74 36.80 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 57 74.19
2.3.1 Government online services 57 71.71 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 81 5.79 ○
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 50 36.18 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 74 76.07
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 63 37.11 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 118 52.78 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 100 2.20 ○ 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 52 73.71

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 211

Country/Economy Profiles

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of )

Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 104 36.84
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 106 28.47 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 103 44.13
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 107 14.26 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 98 27.02
B. People pillar 110 29.01
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 71 48.23
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 116 24.25
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 126 14.56
C. Governance pillar 105 43.19
1st sub-pillar: Trust 78 40.29
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 123 40.79
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 93 48.49

D. Impact pillar 101 46.67

1st sub-pillar: Economy 126 16.71
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 84 60.72 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of ) Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 76 62.59
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 106 28.47 C. Governance pillar 105 43.19

1st sub-pillar: Access 103 44.13 1st sub-pillar: Trust 78 40.29
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 102 44.86 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 93 42.03
1.1.2 Handset prices 86 50.29 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 109 27.08
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 37 40.90 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 26 70.06 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 122 9.79 ○ 3.1.4 Internet shopping 66 21.98 ●
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 44 74.80 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 123 40.79
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 133 0.00 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 107 14.26 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 84 75.95
1.2.1 GitHub commits 94 3.09 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 118 6.64 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 93 1.24 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 87 75.00

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 100 51.38 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 108 46.35
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 99 1.31 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 93 48.49
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 98 27.02 3.3.1 E-Participation 130 10.47 ○
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 100 33.15 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 56 81.21 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 129 10.75 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 110 31.73
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 26 37.16 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 46 70.54 ●
B. People pillar 110 29.01 D. Impact pillar 101 46.67
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 71 48.23 1st sub-pillar: Economy 126 16.71
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 91 5.56 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 75 0.02
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 76 50.53 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 70 51.35
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 90 40.26 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 115 13.66 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 33 96.57 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 118 1.79
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 84 60.72
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 116 24.25 4.2.1 Happiness 77 57.15
2.2.1 Firms with website 74 43.42 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 89 64.71
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality NA NA
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 122 5.08 ○ 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 83 59.85
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale NA NA 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 76 62.59
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 126 14.56 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 57 74.19 ●
2.3.1 Government online services 125 23.25 ○ 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 63 79.49 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 111 8.20 ○ 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 121 47.15 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 52 12.22 ● 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 97 48.09

212 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Viet Nam
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 45 54.96
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 41 49.27 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 32 76.21
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 42 36.59 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 68 35.02
B. People pillar 38 47.97
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 12 67.99
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 93 30.12
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 49 45.80
C. Governance pillar 67 58.03
1st sub-pillar: Trust 48 65.54
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 101 57.56
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 90 50.99

D. Impact pillar 31 64.58

1st sub-pillar: Economy 20 47.02
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 27 78.80 Viet Nam Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 58 67.93

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 41 49.27 C. Governance pillar 67 58.03

1st sub-pillar: Access 32 76.21 1st sub-pillar: Trust 48 65.54
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 60 65.68 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 54 64.22
1.1.2 Handset prices 93 45.51 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 32 94.58 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 4 72.06 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 43 57.18
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 37 98.26 3.1.4 Internet shopping 47 46.19
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 12 84.90 ● 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 101 57.56
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 46 90.84 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 94 37.93 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 42 36.59 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 102 66.43 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 56 9.91 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 49 56.34
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 73 2.45 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 7 83.13 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 127 27.09 ○
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 20 50.88 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 90 50.99
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 68 35.02 3.3.1 E-Participation 71 52.33
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 33 76.56 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 117 38.65 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 67 38.50 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 65 61.06
1.3.3 Robot density 43 2.60 ○ 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 79 60.63 ○
1.3.4 Computer software spending 63 22.42 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 98 42.27 ○
B. People pillar 38 47.97 D. Impact pillar 31 64.58
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 12 67.99 1st sub-pillar: Economy 20 47.02
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 14 46.09 ● 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 38 67.74 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 25 69.86 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 40 63.76 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 22 65.99 ●
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 44 94.34 4.1.4 ICT services exports 93 5.22
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 27 78.80
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 93 30.12 4.2.1 Happiness 44 69.56
2.2.1 Firms with website 89 34.47 ○ 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 3 98.43 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 58 4.20 ○ 4.2.3 Income inequality 66 69.15
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 39 58.55 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 61 67.68
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 53 23.23 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 58 67.93
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 49 45.80 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 82 62.90
2.3.1 Government online services 75 61.14 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 35 54.00
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 49 36.46 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 52 83.76
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 13 78.29 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 67 79.82
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education 66 7.33 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 102 45.39 ○

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 213

Country/Economy Profiles

Yemen
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 133 20.24
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 127 14.96 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 130 13.74
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 80 21.40 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 132 9.74
B. People pillar 131 13.96
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 131 11.47
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 130 8.15
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 111 22.27
C. Governance pillar 132 18.86
1st sub-pillar: Trust 132 6.29
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 133 26.94
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 131 23.37

D. Impact pillar 128 33.17

1st sub-pillar: Economy 94 25.99
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 127 32.79 Yemen Upper-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 130 40.73
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 127 14.96 C. Governance pillar 132 18.86

1st sub-pillar: Access 130 13.74 1st sub-pillar: Trust 132 6.29
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 132 1.24 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 131 12.80 ○
1.1.2 Handset prices 132 2.50 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 132 0.00 ○
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 115 8.37 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 107 11.12
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 124 3.24 3.1.4 Internet shopping 123 1.22
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 128 53.38 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 133 26.94
1.1.6 Internet access in schools NA NA 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 132 3.01 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 80 21.40 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 133 0.00 ○
1.2.1 GitHub commits 120 0.40 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 119 1.89 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 123 0.12 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 119 50.00

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 82 60.78 ● 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 41 79.78 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 32 24.28 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 131 23.37
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 132 9.74 3.3.1 E-Participation 124 17.45
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 107 16.23 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 126 23.59 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 130 7.75 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 114 29.09
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use NA NA
1.3.4 Computer software spending 104 5.24 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments NA NA
B. People pillar 131 13.96 D. Impact pillar 128 33.17
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 131 11.47 1st sub-pillar: Economy 94 25.99
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 113 2.32 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 113 27.32 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 100 40.40 ●
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 122 4.78 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 112 16.57
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate NA NA 4.1.4 ICT services exports 48 21.02 ●
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 127 32.79
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 130 8.15 4.2.1 Happiness 125 7.65
2.2.1 Firms with website 118 6.53 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 124 35.27
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 44 9.78 ● 4.2.3 Income inequality 69 67.61 ●
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services NA NA 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 110 43.30 ●
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale NA NA 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 130 40.73
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 111 22.27 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 119 20.97
2.3.1 Government online services 123 26.98 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 133 0.00 ○
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 101 17.55 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 11 92.84 ●
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 114 37.77

214 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Zambia
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 115 33.97
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 122 17.70 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 114 34.60
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 127 1.79 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 122 16.69
B. People pillar 97 35.61
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 104 36.74
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 73 33.94
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 76 36.14
C. Governance pillar 106 42.48
1st sub-pillar: Trust 92 34.81
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 94 60.32
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 120 32.31

D. Impact pillar 117 40.10

1st sub-pillar: Economy 113 21.00
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 116 40.49 Zambia Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 92 58.81

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 122 17.70 C. Governance pillar 106 42.48

1st sub-pillar: Access 114 34.60 1st sub-pillar: Trust 92 34.81
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 108 40.44 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 115 29.25
1.1.2 Handset prices 122 28.42 ○ 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 80 68.92 ●
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 111 9.91 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 65 39.10 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 95 58.31 3.1.4 Internet shopping 121 1.97 ○
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 101 64.74 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 94 60.32
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 84 5.81 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 100 35.60
2nd sub-pillar: Content 127 1.79 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 97 68.69
1.2.1 GitHub commits 117 0.61 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 110 14.01 ○
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 124 0.10 ○ 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 1 100.00 ●

1.2.3 Mobile apps development NA NA 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 31 83.30 ●
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 76 4.64 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 120 32.31
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 122 16.69 3.3.1 E-Participation 89 36.05
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies NA NA 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 119 36.39 ○
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 90 31.25 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 126 21.39 ○
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 94 43.91
1.3.4 Computer software spending 117 2.14 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 115 23.83 ○
B. People pillar 97 35.61 D. Impact pillar 117 40.10
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 104 36.74 1st sub-pillar: Economy 113 21.00
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 86 6.33 4.1.1 ICT patent applications NA NA
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 81 47.18 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 93 42.19
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 114 11.05 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 110 18.90
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 69 82.42 4.1.4 ICT services exports 116 1.91
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 116 40.49
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 73 33.94 4.2.1 Happiness 122 11.07 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 65 52.50 ● 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 53 81.22 ●
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 113 29.56 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 91 44.38 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 126 28.78 ○
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 106 4.95 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 92 58.81
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 76 36.14 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 100 43.55
2.3.1 Government online services 109 38.26 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 80 74.36 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 72 34.02 ● 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 120 50.80
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 78 58.98 ●

NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness. 215

Country/Economy Profiles

Zimbabwe
Rank Score
(Out of 133) NRI
100
Network Readiness Index 121 30.33
80
Pillar/sub-pillar Rank Score 60

A. Technology pillar 116 23.60 40

1st sub-pillar: Access 120 30.94
20
2nd sub-pillar: Content 104 14.92 Impact Technology
0
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 102 24.93
B. People pillar 104 31.82
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 103 37.90
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 103 26.96
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 94 30.59
C. Governance pillar 115 38.65
1st sub-pillar: Trust 106 27.78
2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 125 40.11
Governance People
3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 96 48.06

D. Impact pillar 133 27.26

1st sub-pillar: Economy 133 10.08
2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 128 32.16 Zimbabwe Lower-middle-income countries
3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 131 39.55
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Network Readiness Index in detail

Indicator Rank Score Indicator Rank Score

A. Technology pillar 116 23.60 C. Governance pillar 115 38.65

1st sub-pillar: Access 120 30.94 1st sub-pillar: Trust 106 27.78
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 127 15.57 ○ 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 108 33.94
1.1.2 Handset prices 120 29.54 3.1.2 Cybersecurity 102 36.50
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 59 32.40 ● 3.1.3 Online access to financial account 66 38.56 ●
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 116 19.06 3.1.4 Internet shopping 120 2.11 ○
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 95 66.54 2nd sub-pillar: Regulation 125 40.11
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 80 22.55 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 129 14.55 ○
2nd sub-pillar: Content 104 14.92 3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 106 65.48
1.2.1 GitHub commits 113 0.98 3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies NA NA
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 97 0.95 3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 119 50.00 ○

1.2.3 Mobile apps development 103 47.94 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 122 30.41
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 57 9.80 ● 3rd sub-pillar: Inclusion 96 48.06
3rd sub-pillar: Future Technologies 102 24.93 3.3.1 E-Participation 119 20.94
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 90 42.08 3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 85 60.15 ●
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 127 12.25 ○ 3.3.3 Availability of local online content 116 27.64
1.3.3 Robot density NA NA 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 12 75.11 ●
1.3.4 Computer software spending 71 20.45 ● 3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 76 56.47 ●
B. People pillar 104 31.82 D. Impact pillar 133 27.26
1st sub-pillar: Individuals 103 37.90 1st sub-pillar: Economy 133 10.08
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country 106 2.79 4.1.1 ICT patent applications 74 0.06
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 61 57.36 ● 4.1.2 Domestic market scale 115 35.77
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 119 6.55 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 124 0.00 ○
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 66 84.89 ● 4.1.4 ICT services exports 96 4.49
2.1.5 AI talent concentration NA NA 2nd sub-pillar: Quality of Life 128 32.16
2nd sub-pillar: Businesses 103 26.96 4.2.1 Happiness 124 8.56 ○
2.2.1 Firms with website 101 27.94 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 103 61.00
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI NA NA 4.2.3 Income inequality 110 32.65 ○
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 84 45.78 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 129 21.22 ○
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 93 7.17 3rd sub-pillar: SDG Contribution 131 39.55
3rd sub-pillar: Governments 94 30.59 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 101 41.94
2.3.1 Government online services 114 31.97 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education NA NA
2.3.2 Data Capabilities NA NA 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women's economic opportunity 58 82.05 ●
2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies 79 29.20 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 131 0.00 ○
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher education NA NA 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 121 31.24

216 NOTE: ● Indicates a strength and ○ a weakness.

Since network readiness is a
multi-dimensional concept,
the Network Readiness Index
(NRI) is a composite index
constructed with three levels.
The primary level consists of
four pillars that make up the
fundamental dimensions of
network readiness. Each of the
fundamental pillars divides
into additional sub-pillars that
constitute the second level.
 The Network Readiness Index 2024 Country/Economy
Appendix
ProfilesI

218
Appendix I:
Technical Notes
Structure of the
The third level of the NR1 2024 consists of 54 indicators.
31 indicators are hard/quantitative data, 12 are index/

Network Readiness
composite indicator data, and 11 are survey/qualitative
data.

Index Table A-I.2 outlines the complete structure of the NRI with
its respective pillars, sub-pillars, and indicators.
Since network readiness is a multi-dimensional concept,
the Network Readiness Index (NRI) is a composite index

Adjustments to the
constructed with three levels. The primary level consists of
four pillars that make up the fundamental dimensions of

Network Readiness
network readiness. Each of the fundamental pillars divides
into additional sub-pillars that constitute the second level.

Index model in 2024

Table A-I.1 shows both levels.

The third level consists of individual indicators distributed

across the different sub-pillars and pillars of the primary Table A-I.3 provides a summary of adjustments to the NRI
and secondary levels. All indicators used within the NRI 2024 framework. A total of four indicators were replaced,
belong to a pillar and a sub-pillar. four indicators were removed. The methodology of three
indicators was revised, methodology changed at source for
For record-keeping, a three-digit code identifies each two indicators, indicator name changed for one indicator,
indicator. The first digit refers to the primary pillar, the and the indicator code changed for five indicators. Overall,
second digit concerns the secondary sub-pillar, and the a total of nineteen indicators underwent adjustments
third denotes the indicator itself. For instance, the digital this year. Additionally, the definition was adjusted for one
code 1.2.3 refers to an individual indicator (Mobile apps indicator.
development) located within the first primary pillar
(Technology) and the secondary sub-pillar (Content).

Table A-I.1 Network Readiness Index 2024 two top levels and composition

Primary Level Technology People Governance Impact

Secondary Level Access Individuals Trust Economy
Content Businesses Regulation Quality of life
Future technologies Governments Inclusion Sustainable development goal
(SDG) contributions

Table A-I.2 Network Readiness Index 2024 pillars, sub-pillars, and indicators

A. Technology pillar B. People pillar

1.1 Access 2.1 Individuals
1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic within the country
1.1.2 Handset prices 2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system
1.1.3 FTTH/Building internet subscriptions 2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 2.1.4 Adult literacy rate
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 2.1.5 AI talent concentration
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 2.2 Businesses
1.2 Content 2.2.1 Firms with a website
1.2.1 GitHub commits 2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services
1.2.3 Mobile applications development 2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 2.3 Governments
1.3 Future Technologies 2.3.1 Government online services
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 2.3.2 Data Capabilities
1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 2.3.3 Government promotion of investment in emerging technologies
1.3.3 Robot density 2.3.4 R&D expenditur e by governments and higher education
1.3.4 Computer software spending 219
Appendix I

C. Governance pillar D. Impact pillar

3.1 Trust 4.1 Economy
3.1.1 Secure internet servers 4.1.1 ICT patent applications
3.1.2 Cybersecurity 4.1.2 Domestic market scale
3.1.3 Online access to a financial account 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy
3.1.4 Internet shopping 4.1.4 ICT services exports
3.2 Regulation 4.2 Quality of Life
3.2.1 Regulatory quality 4.2.1 Happiness
3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices
3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 4.2.3 Income inequality
3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth
3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 4.3 SDG Contribution
3.3 Inclusion 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being
3.3.1 E-participation 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education
3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 4.3.3 SDG 5: Women’s economic opportunity
3.3.3 Availability of local online content 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities
3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Table A-I.3 Adjustments to the Network Readiness Index 2024

Variable code NRI 2023 Adjustment New code NRI 2024

1.2.1. GitHub commits Methodology changed at source 1.2.1. GitHub commits

1.3.1. Adoption of emerging technologies Changed methodology 1.3.1. Adoption of emerging technologies

2.1.4. Tertiary enrollment Indicator Removed

2.1.5. Adult literacy rate Code Changed 2.1.4. Adult literacy rate

2.1.6. AI talent concentration Code Changed 2.1.5. AI talent concentration

2.2.2. GERD financed by business enterprise Indicator Replaced 2.2.2. Number of venture capital deals invested
in AI
2.2.3. Knowledge intensive employment Indicator Removed

2.2.4. Annual investment in Code Changed 2.2.3. Annual investment in telecommunication

telecommunication services services
2.2.5. GERD performed by business Indicator Replaced 2.2.4. Public cloud computing market scale
enterprise
2.3.2 Publication and use of open data Indicator Replaced 2.3.2 Data Capabilities

2.3.3. Government promotion of investment Changed methodology 2.3.3. Government promotion of investment in
in emerging technologies emerging technologies
3.1.3. Online access to financial account Methodology changed at source 3.1.3. Online access to financial account

3.2.3. Regulation of emerging technologies Changed methodology 3.2.3. Regulation of emerging technologies

4.1.1. High-tech and medium-high-tech Indicator Removed

manufacturing
4.1.2. High-tech exports Indicator Removed

4.1.3. PCT patent applications Indicator Replaced 4.1.1. ICT patent applications

4.1.4. Domestic market size Code and Name Changed 4.1.2. Domestic market scale

4.1.5. Prevalence of gig economy Code Changed 4.1.3. Prevalence of gig economy

4.1.6. ICT services exports Code Changed 4.1.4. ICT services exports

220
 Country and data
coverage
The inclusion of countries and indicators relies on the
double threshold approach. Only countries that could
provide data for at least 70% of all indicators earned
inclusion to the NRI. In addition, countries needed to pass a
sub-pillar level data availability of at least 40% for coverage.
With the exception of 1.3.3 Robot density and 2.1.5 AI talent
concentration, indicators with data available for at least
50% of all countries gained inclusion to the NRI.

This year, initiatives were undertaken to augment the

coverage percentage to 69.92% for 1.1.6, 42.11% for
1.3.3. and to 35.34% for 2.1.5, acting as a forward-leaning
response to the recommendations posited by the JRC
in preceding audits of the NRI. The drive behind these
Designed by Freepik enhancements is twofold: to integrate both indicators
more comprehensively, and to preserve them due to
their contextual and theoretical significance within the

Computation of the NRI

NRI framework. The latter is pivotal as it aligns perfectly
with the inherent objectives and principles of the NRI
framework, adding layers of depth and relevance to the
The computation of the NRI utilizes successive aggregations evolving model. This augmentation is not merely numerical
of scores from both the indicator level (i.e., the most but is instrumental in refining the essence and effectiveness
disaggregated level) and the overall NRI score. Due to of the framework in capturing the nuanced dimensions of
correlation, weights for four indicators were adjusted networked readiness. The incorporation of these indicators
from 1 to 0.5. These include 4.2.3 Income inequality, 4.2.4 substantiates the framework’s adaptability and resilience,
Healthy life expectancy at birth, 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health fortifying its position as a robust tool for nuanced analysis
and Well-Being, and 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and in an ever-evolving landscape. Missing values received a
Communities. All other 50 indicators have a weight of 1 “N/A” label and did not count within the computation of
each. scores.

The weighted arithmetic mean aggregates (i) the individual

indicators within each sub-pillar; and unweighted
arithmetic mean aggregates (ii) the sub-pillars within each
pillar, and (iii) the pillars comprising the overall index.

Computation is based on data for all indicators, including

confidential data related to indicator 1.2.2 (Internet
domain registrations) that ZookNIC kindly provided on the
condition of confidentiality. Keeping with this request only
scores are provided for this indicator this year.

221
Appendix I

Treatment of series with Normalisation

outliers To make the indicators comparable for data aggregation,
they must go through a process of normalization. The NRI
Outliers in an indicator can affect ranking results with bias. applies the Min-max normalization method to ensure all
It is prudent to detect and remove all outliers before the values fall into the [0, 100] range/. For indicators where
normalization of scores. An applied rule-of-thumb where higher values indicate higher outcomes the following
an absolute value of skewness greater than 2 or a kurtosis normalization formula is applied:
greater than 3.5 indicates the presence of outliers.[i]

The treatment of outliers occurs mainly in two ways. First,

indicators with no more than five outliers are winsorized,
whereby the value affecting the distribution assigns to
the next highest/lowest value method. The winsorization For indicators where higher values imply worse outcomes
process continues until the reported skewness and/or the following reverse normalization formula is applied:[v]
kurtosis fall within the ranges specified above.

Second, indicators with at least six outliers are transformed

by natural logarithms according to the following formula:
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Initially, a natural logarithmic transformation with base 1 is

applied. If this does not correct the skewness and kurtosis,
a base 10 logarithmic transformation is attempted. If
necessary, a base 100 logarithmic transformation is applied
as a final step.

Third, if the logarithmic transformation is ineffective for

certain indicators, the Yeo-Johnson transformation is
applied using the following formula:

For the NRI 2024, outliers were detected in nineteen

indicators. Ten indicators[ii] had fewer than six outliers;
and seven indicators [iii] had six outliers or more and
were treated through logarithmic transformation and two
indicators [iv] had six outliers or more and were treated
through Yeo-Johnson transformation.

222
Caveats on the year-
data over time. Changes in the definition of variables or in
the data collection process could create movements in the

to-year comparison of
rankings that are unrelated to performance.

rankings
A detailed economy study based on the NRI database
and the economy profile over time, along with analytical
groundwork that includes that of actors and decision-
The NRI compares the performance of national digital makers in the realm of digital transformation, yields the
readiness across countries/economies and presents the best results in terms of monitoring a country/economy’s
changes in country/economy rankings over time. network readiness as well as for identifying possible
improvement channels.
It is important to note that scores and rankings are not
directly comparable between one year and another.
Each ranking reflects the relative position of a particular
economy based on the conceptual framework, the data
coverage and the sample of countries/economies of
that specific NRI edition, and also reflects changes in the References
underlying indicators at source and in data availability.
Groeneveld, R. A. & Meeden, G. (1984). Measuring
• A number of factors influence the year-on-year rankings skewness and kurtosis. Journal of the Royal Statistical
of an economy: Society, Series D (The Statistician), 33, 391–399.
• the actual performance of the economy in question;
• adjustments made to the NRI framework (changes in OECD & EC JRC (2008). Handbook on constructing
indicator composition and measurement revisions); composite indicators: Methodology and user guide. Paris:
• data updates, the treatment of outliers and missing OECD, available at http://www.oecd.org/std/42495745.
values; and pdf
• the inclusion or exclusion of economies in the sample.
[i] Adopted from Groeneveld & Meeden (1984)
Additionally, the following characteristics complicate the
time-series analysis based on simple NRI rankings or scores: [ii] 1.2.1 GitHub commits (1 data point winsorized,
top), 1.2.2 Internet domain registrations (3, top), 1.2.4
Missing values: The NRI produces relative index scores, AI scientific publications (5, top), 1.3.3 Robot density
which means that a missing value for one economy affects (1, top), 2.1.5 AI talent concentration (3, top), 2.2.2
the index score of other economies. Because the number of Number of venture capital deals invested in AI (5, top),
missing values decreases every year, this problem reduces 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use (3, bottom), 4.1.1 ICT
over time. patent applications (4, top), 4.1.4 ICT services exports
(3, top), 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy (1,
Reference year: The data underlying the NRI do not refer top).
to a single year but to several years, depending on the
latest available year for any given variable. In addition, the [iii] 1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions (log
reference years for different variables are not the same for 1), 1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth (log 1),
each economy, due to measures to limit the number of 1.2.3 Mobile apps development (log 1), 2.1.1 Mobile
missing data points. broadband internet traffic within the country (log 1),
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale (log 10),
Normalization factor: Most NRI variables are normalized 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers (log 1), 4.1.2 Domestic
using GDP, population, or other factor with the intention market Scale (log 1).
of enabling cross-economy comparability. However, this
implies that year-on-year changes in individual indicators [iv] 1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile
may be driven either by the variable (numerator) or by its network (λ 11.83), 2.2.3 Annual investment in
normalization factor (denominator). telecommunication services (λ 0.07).

Consistent data collection: Measuring the change in year- [v] For the NRI 2024 reverse normalisation was needed
on-year performance relies on the consistent collection of for three indicators: 4.2.3 Income inequality, 4.3.4
SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy and 4.3.5 SDG 11:
Sustainable Cities and Communities.

223
 The Network Readiness Index 2024 Country/Economy
Appendix
ProfilesII

224
Appendix II:
Sources and Definitions
 1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet
subscriptions
Fibre-to-the-home/building Internet subscriptions (% of
GDP) | 2022
Fibre-to-the-home/building Internet subscriptions refers to
the number of Internet subscriptions using fibre-to-the-home
or fibre-to-the-building; at downstream speeds equal to; or
greater than; 256 kbit/s. This should include subscriptions
where fibre goes directly to the subscriber’s premises or

1st pillar: Technology

fibre-to-the-building subscriptions that terminate no more
than 2 metres from an external wall of the building. Fibre-to-
the-cabinet and fibre-to-the-node are excluded. Reporting
1.1 Access occurs as a percentage of an GDP per capita, PPP.

1.1.1 Mobile tariffs Source: International Telecommunication Union, ITU DataHub,

(https://datahub.itu.int/). Data Year: 2013–2022.
Mobile tariffs sub-index | 2023
The Mobile Tariffs indicator refers to the Mobile tariffs 1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G
sub-index included in the Affordability pillar of the Mobile mobile network
Connectivity Index published by the GSM Association.
The sub-index relates to the cost of three separate basket Percentage of the population covered by at least a 3G
profiles that are distinguished in part by usage allowance mobile network | 2023
(100 MB, 500 MB, and 1 GB per month, respectively). Tariffs The following indicator refers to the percentage of
are given as a percentage of monthly GDP per capita. The inhabitants within range of at least a 3G mobile-cellular
primary source for the data is Tarifica (https://tarifica.com/). signal, irrespective of whether or not they are subscribers.
Values are calculated by dividing the number of inhabitants
Source: GSM Association, The GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index 2024 covered by at least a 3G mobile-cellular signal by the total
(http://www.mobileconnectivityindex.com). Data Year: 2023. population and multiplied by 100.

1.1.2 Handset prices Source: International Telecommunication Union, ITU DataHub,

(https://datahub.itu.int/). Data Year: 2022–2023.
Cost of cheapest Internet-enabled device (% of monthly
GDP per capita) | 2023 1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth
As one of the indicators included in the Affordability pillar
of the Mobile Connectivity Index published by the GSM International Internet bandwidth (Mbit/s) | 2023
Association, the Handset prices indicator relates to the International Internet bandwidth refers to the total used
cheapest smartphone or feature phone that allows user capacity of international Internet bandwidth in megabits
access to the Internet. The primary source for the data is per second (Mbit/s). Calculations only include the total
Tarifica (https://tarifica.com/). usage capacity of all Internet exchanges (locations
that exchange Internet traffic) that offer international
Source: GSM Association, The GSMA Mobile Connectivity bandwidth. If capacity is asymmetric and there is more
Index 2024 (http://www.mobileconnectivityindex.com). Data incoming (downlink) than outgoing (uplink) capacity, then
year: 2023. the incoming (downlink) capacity is provided.

Note: Significant revisions to data from African economies

observed this year in ITU’s database. Source: International
Telecommunication Union, ITU DataHub, (https://datahub.itu.
int/). Data Year: 2017–2023.

225
 1.2.2 Internet domain registrations
Appendix II

Generic Top-Level Domains (gTLDs) and Country Code

Top-Level Domains (ccTLDs) (per thousand population,
15–69 years old) | 2023
The sum of Generic top-level domains (TLDs) and country-
code TLDs as a proportion of thousand population, 15-69
years old. A top-level domain (TLD) encompasses various
categories maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA) for internet use. Generic TLDs cover five
generic domains (.biz, .info, .org, .net, and .com), excluding
sponsored domains such as .name or .pro, and all new
generic TLDs. Country-code TLDs are assigned to specific
economies, countries, or territories and represent total
domain registrations within each country-code TLD, with
exceptions for ccTLDs licensed for global commercial
use. For confidentiality reasons, only normalized values
are reported; while relative positions are preserved,
magnitudes are not.
Photo by Srattha Nualsate

Source: Global Innovation Index Database, WIPO 2024.

ZookNIC Inc (www.zooknic.com); and United Nations,
1.1.6 Internet access in schools Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Division, World Population Prospects 2024 (April 2024 update)

Proportion of primary schools with access to Internet for (https:// population.un.org/wpp). Data years: 2021–2023.
pedagogical purposes (%) | 2022
The Internet access in schools indicator refers to the 1.2.3 Mobile apps development
share of primary schools with access to the Internet via
fixed narrowband, fixed broadband, or mobile networks. Global downloads of mobile apps (per billion PPP$ GDP,
Internet for pedagogical purposes refers to web access two-year average) | 2022
and communications services through various devices that Global downloads of mobile apps, by origin of the
enhance the teaching and learning of pupils. headquarters of the developer/firm, scaled by PPP$ GDP
(billions). Global downloads are compiled by data.ia, public
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, UIS.Stat (http://data. data sources and the company’s proprietary forecast model
uis.unesco.org/). Data years: 2012-2023. based on data from Google Play Store and iOS App Store
in each country. Since data for China are not available for
1.2 Content Google Play Store and only for iOS App Store, data from
China are treated as missing and classified as “n/a.”.
1.2.1 GitHub commits
Source: Global Innovation Index Database, WIPO 2024.
GitHub commits pushes received and sent (per million data.ia (a Sensor Tower company) (www.data.ai/en); and
population, 15–69 years old) | 2023 International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook
GitHub is the world’s largest host of source code, and a Database, October 2023 (www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/
commit is the term used for a saved change on this platform. weo- database/2023/October). Data Year: 2021–2023
One or more commits can be saved (or pushed) to projects
(or repositories). Thus, “GitHub commit pushes received and 1.2.4 AI scientific publications
sent” refers to the sum of the number of batched changes
received and sent by projects on GitHub that are publicly Total number of AI scientific publications, fractional
available within a specific economy. Automated activity counts (as % of GDP per Capita PPP) | 2023
resulting in non-productive commits is excluded. The AI scientific publications indicator measures the
total number of AI publications in Elsevier per economy.
Source: Global Innovation Index Database, WIPO 2024. Any paper with a field of study categorized as “artificial
GitHub (https://github.com); and United Nations, Department intelligence” and “machine learning” according to the
of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) taxonomy is measured.
Population Prospects 2024 (April 2024 update) (https:// Results from other fields of study, such as “natural language
population.un.org/wpp). Data Year: 2023 processing”, “speech recognition”, and “computer vision” are
included if they also belong to the “artificial intelligence” or
the “machine learning” fields of study. As such, the results
226
are likely to be conservative. Tagging occurs through a “In your country, to what extent do companies invest in
concept detection operation. The Microsoft Academic emerging technologies (e.g., Internet of Things, advanced
Graph (MAG) is a heterogeneous graph containing scientific analytics and artificial intelligence, augmented virtual
publication records and citation relationships between reality and wearables, advanced robotics, 3D printing)?” [1 =
each publication from authors, institutions, journals, not at all; 7 = to a great extent].
conferences, and fields of study (Sinha et al., 2015; Wang
et al., 2019). Reporting occurs as a percentage of GDP per Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
capita, PPP. 2017–2018 (http://reports.weforum.org). Data years: 2017-2018.

Source: OECD.AI Policy Observatory (https://oecd.ai). Data 1.3.3 Robot density

year: 2022-2023.
Number of robots in operation per 10,000 employees in
1.3 Future technologies the manufacturing industry | 2023
Robot density refers to the estimated number of
1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies multipurpose industrial robots per 10,000 persons
employed in the manufacturing industry (ISIC rev.4: C). The
Average answer to survey questions concerning the level International Federation of Robotics (IFR) collects country-
adoption of key technologies: Information processing level data on the operational stock of industrial robots and
(AI, big data, VR and AR) and Robots and autonomous for certain countries computes robot densities. The annual
systems | 2023 World Robotics report publishes computed robot densities.
The annual World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Data for Hong Kong is sourced from IFR database 2023.
Survey (EOS) gathers information from business leaders
on topics with scarce or non-existent data. It is part of the Source: Data on robot density and operational stock of
effort to supplement The Global Competitiveness Report in industrial robots for 2023 kindly provided by the International
assessing issues that drive national competitiveness. Federation of Robotics, IFR (https://ifr.org). Data on
employment in manufacturing in the countries for which
The Adoption of emerging technologies indicator IFR has not computed robot densities are sourced from the
refers to a simple average of the average answer of two International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT (https://ilostat.ilo.
similarly-worded question posited by the EOS regarding org/). Data year: 2023; Data for HKG pertains to 2022.
level of adoption of key emerging technologies (Artificial
intelligence, big data, VR, AR, Robots and autonomous 1.3.4 Computer software spending
systems): “In your country, how common is the adoption of
the following key technologies [1 = Not adopted at all; 7 = Total computer software spending (% of GDP) | 2023
Greatly adopted]: Information processing (AI, big data, VR Computer software spending refers to the total value
and AR)” “In your country, how common is the adoption of of purchased or leased packaged software, including
the following key technologies [1 = Not adopted at all; 7 = operating systems, database systems, programming
Greatly adopted]: Robots and autonomous systems” tools, utilities, and applications. The indicator excludes
expenditures for internal software development and
Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey outsourced custom software development. The data
2023. (http://reports.weforum.org). Data year: 2023. combines actual figures and estimates. Reporting occurs as
a percentage of an economy’s GDP.
1.3.2 Investment in emerging
technologies Source: Global Innovation Index Database, WIPO 2024. S&P
Global, Market Intelligence (www.marketplace.spglobal.com/
Average answer to a survey question concerning the en/datasets). Data Year: 2023.
extent that companies invest in emerging technologies.
| 2018
The annual World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion
Survey (EOS) gathers information from business leaders
on topics with scarce or non-existent data. It is part of the
effort to supplement The Global Competitiveness Report in
assessing issues that drive national competitiveness.

The Investment in emerging technologies indicator refers to

the average answer of a similarly-worded question posited
by the EOS regarding five different emerging technologies
(Artificial intelligence, Robotics, App- and web-enabled
markets, Big data analytics, and Cloud computing):
227
Appendix II

2nd pillar: People

2.1 Individuals
2.1.1 Mobile broadband internet traffic
within the country
Mobile-broadband internet traffic (within the country); in
exabytes | 2023 Photo by Michelangelo Buonarroti
Mobile-broadband Internet traffic (within the country)
refers to broadband traffic volumes originated within the
country from 3G networks or other more advanced mobile- 2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks
The Network Readiness Index 2024

networks; including 3G upgrades; evolutions or equivalent

standards in terms of data transmission speeds. Traffic should Number of active social media users (% of population) |
be collected and aggregated at the country level for all 3G 2024
or more advanced mobile networks within the country. The Use of virtual social networks indicator refers to the
Download and upload traffic should be added up and penetration of active social media users expressed as a
reported together. Traffic should be measured at the end-user percentage of the total population. Original data comes
access point. Wholesale and walled-garden traffic should be from a variety of sources, including company statements
excluded. The traffic should be reported in exabytes. and reports in reputable media.

Source: International Telecommunication Union, ITU DataHub, Source: We Are Social and Hootsuite Global Digital
(https://datahub.itu.int/). Data Year: 2017–2023. Report 2024 (https://wearesocial.com/uk/blog/2024/01/
digital-2024/). Data Year: 2024
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate
Average answer to the question: In your country,
to what extent is the workforce proficient in the following Adult literacy rate (%) | 2022
skills? Technology skills [1 = Not at all; 7 = To a great The Adult literacy rate indicator defines the percentage
extent] | 2024 of the population aged 15 years and over who can read,
The annual World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion write, and understand short, simple statements about their
Survey (EOS) gathers information from business leaders everyday life.
on topics with scarce or non-existent data. It is part of the
effort to supplement The Global Competitiveness Report in Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, UIS.Stat (http://data.
assessing issues that drive national competitiveness. uis.unesco.org/). Data years: 2012-2023.

The ICT skills indicator refers to the average answer of a

similarly-worded question posited by the EOS regarding
the digital skills of a country: “In your country, to what
extent is the workforce proficient in the following skills?”
“Technology skills” [1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent].

Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2024 (http://reports.weforum.org). Data years: 2023 - 2024.

228
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals
invested in AI
AI talent concentration | 2022
A LinkedIn member is considered AI talent if they have Number of venture capital deals invested in AI (per billion
explicitly added AI skills to their profile and/or they are PPP$ GDP) | 2023
occupied in an AI job. The counts of AI talent are used to This indicator refers to the number of Deal with respect to
calculate talent concentration metrics. For example, AI Venture Capital Investments in AI. The data is reported per
talent concentration at the country level is calculated using billion PPP$ GDP.
the counts of AI talent vis-a-vis the counts of LinkedIn
members in that country. As such, AI talent concentration An AI start-up is considered to be a private company
metrics may be influenced by a country’s LinkedIn coverage that researches and delivers all or part of an AI system or
and should be used with caution. For example, as of 2021 researches and delivers products and services that rely
1 in every 10 LinkedIn members in India is classified as AI significantly on AI systems. The definition of an AI system
talent, which is a result of LinkedIn’s biased coverage in that follows that of the OECD principles: “An AI system is a
country. machine-based system that is capable of influencing the
environment by making recommendations, predictions,
Since it also encompasses LinkedIn members with AI job or decisions for a given set of objectives. It does so by
titles – as opposed to only LinkedIn members with AI skills utilising machine and/or human-based inputs/data to
on their profiles – AI talent is considered to be a more i) perceive real and/or virtual environments; ii) abstract
comprehensive measure than AI skills. such perceptions into models manually or automatically,
and iii) use Model Interpretations to formulate options for
To enhance data coverage, the NRI 2023 values for China outcomes.” A data start-up is considered to be a private
(2021) and Colombia (2021) were reintroduced due to the company that provides solutions for large volumes of data,
absence of these values in this year’s OECD.AI platform. through data gathering, storing, or analysis.

Source: OECD.AI Policy Observatory (https://oecd.ai). Data Start-ups are identified as AI or data start-ups based on
year: 2021-2022. Preqin’s cross-industry and vertical categorisation, as well as
on OECD’s automated analysis of the keywords contained in
2.2 Businesses the description of the company’s activities.

2.2.1 Firms with website Deals reported as being “Secondary Stock Purchase”,
“Mergers” or “Add-ons” were excluded from the analysis
Firms with website (% of total) | 2023 because those deals do not correspond to the financing of
The data for the Firms with website indicator consists of start-ups, i.e. where the money goes to those start-ups to
enterprise surveys conducted by the Organisation for develop themselves, but to a secondary market transaction
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and where the money goes directly from one investor to
the World Bank. Data supplied by the OECD informs OECD another investor.
countries, accession countries, or key partners, while all
other country data sources the World Bank. Source: OECD.AI Policy Observatory (https://oecd.ai). Data
Year: 2017–2023.
Source: OECD, ICT Access and Use by Businesses, OECD
Telecommunications and Internet Statistics database (https://
doi.org/10.1787/9d2cb97b-en); World Bank, Enterprise Surveys
(www.enterprisesurveys.org). Data years: 2009-2023. Burkina
Faso, Cabo Verde, and Mauritius use data from 2009.

229
 2.2.3 Annual investment in 2.2.4 Public cloud computing market
Appendix II

telecommunication services scale

Annual investment in telecommunication services Public cloud computing market scale (in billion US$) |
(US$) | 2022 2023
The Annual investment in telecommunication services A public cloud is defined as the digital infrastructure
indicator refers to the investments made within the and computing resources that are managed by a service
financial year by entities that provide telecommunication provider. Examples of public cloud computing resources
networks and/or services (including fixed mobile and include virtual machines, storage, and services, all of
Internet services and the transmission of TV signals). which are available for purchase with flexible (e.g., pay
Investments are considered any spent funds on the as you go and subscription) business models. The Public
acquisition and upgrading of assets (usually referred to as Cloud market refers to the companies that provide these
CAPEX) less disinvestment owing to disposals. Fixed assets cloud computing resources and services to individuals,
include tangible assets such as buildings and networks businesses, and organizations. Structure: The Public
and intangible assets such as computer software and Cloud market is structured into five markets based on
intellectual property. the type of service models provided by the companies.
The Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) market covers
The indicator corresponds to the gross fixed capital the resources and services related to the data center
formation concept defined in the System of National infrastructure. The Platform as a Service (PaaS) market
Accounts 2008. The indicator also includes expenditures covers the resources and services related to the virtual
on initial installations and additions to existing installations environments used for software development. The
where the usage is expected over an extended period of Software as a Service market (SaaS) market covers the
time. It excludes expenditures on fees for operating licenses resources and services related to software applications
The Network Readiness Index 2024

and the use of radio spectrum. All values are notated in US$. that can be accessed via a web browser. The Business
Process as a Service (BPaaS) market covers the resources
Source: International Telecommunication Union, ITU DataHub, and services related to the various business processes such
(https://datahub.itu.int/). Data Year: 2013–2022. as finance and accounting, human resources, customer
service, and supply chain management, all delivered
through the cloud. The Desktop as a Service (DaaS) market
covers the resources and services related to virtual desktop
environments, which are accessible from any device with
an internet connection. Additional Information: The public
cloud market comprises revenue, revenue change, average
spend per employee, and key player market shares as key
performance indicators. Only revenues that are generated
by primary vendors at the manufacturer price level either
directly or through distribution channels (excluding
value-added tax) are included, and revenues generated by
resellers are excluded. Revenues are generated through
both online and offline sales channels and include
spending by consumers (B2C), enterprises (B2B) as well as
governments (B2G). Key players of the public cloud market
include companies such as Amazon (Amazon web services),
Microsoft (Azure), Google (Cloud), and IBM (Cloud).

Source: AWS/Telecom Advisory Services, 2024, IDC, Statista

Market Insights, Financial Statements of Key Players, National
statistical offices. Data Year: 2023–2024.

Photo by Srattha Nualsate

230
2.3 Governments The following indicator refers to the simple mean of the
average answer of a similarly-worded question posited by
2.3.1 Government online services the EOS regarding a Government’s support to AI adoption:

Government Online Service Index | 2022 “In your country, to what extent is the public
The Online Service Index (OSI) is a component of the sector promoting adoption of AI among local
E-Government Development Index. The OSI is a composite businesses? [1 = Not at all; 7 = To a great extent]”
indicator that assesses how well governments use
technology to deliver public services at the national level. It Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
is based on a survey of national websites and e-government 2024 (http://reports.weforum.org). Data Year: 2024
policies, with scores normalized to a range of 0 to 1. In
the 2022 edition, the OSI is now calculated based on five 2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments
weighted sub-indices: services provision (45%), technology and higher education
(5%), institutional framework (10%), content provision (5%),
and e-participation (35%), with the overall score calculated Gross domestic expenditure on R&D performed by
from the normalized values of each sub-index. government and higher education institutions
(% of GDP) | 2021
Source: Global Innovation Index Database, WIPO 2024. The following indicator refers to the combined expenditure
Division for Public Institutions and Digital Government by governments and higher education institutions on
(DPIDG) of the United Nations Department of Economic and research and development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP.
Social Affairs (UNDESA), E-Government Survey 2022 (https:// The government sector comprises all central, regional,
publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E- and municipal government units. It excludes all public
Government-Survey-2022). Data Year: 2022 enterprises (public enterprises fall under the business
enterprise category). Higher education institutions include
2.3.2 Data Capabilities an organization whose primary focus is on providing
formal tertiary education (i.e. levels 5–8 of the International
Global Data Barometer | 2021 Standard Classification of Education, ISCED). The definition
Capabilities is one of the four pillars, or areas of assessment, of R&D expenditure involves all current expenditure plus
of the Global Data Barometer. This indicator assesses gross fixed capital expenditure for R&D performed by
a country’s ability to effectively create, manage, and government and higher education institutions, no matter
utilize data, focusing on the presence of access, skills, the source of funds.
infrastructure, institutions, and intermediaries. It measures
the extent to which a country’s civil service is trained Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistic, UIS.Stat (http://data.uis.
in data practices, the existence of open data initiatives, unesco.org/). Data years: 2013-2022.
support for data reuse, and the robustness of data activities
at the sub-national level. The indicator draws upon both
secondary data and targeted primary indicators to evaluate
these dimensions.

Source: Global Data Barometer Research Handbook (2021),

(https://globaldatabarometer.org/research/). Data Year: 2021

2.3.3 Government promotion of

investment in emerging technologies
Average answer to survey questions “In your country, to what
extent is the public sector promoting adoption of AI among
local businesses?” [1 = Not at all; 7 = To a great extent] | 2024

The annual World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion

Survey (EOS) gathers information from business leaders
on topics with scarce or non-existent data. It is part of the
effort to supplement The Global Competitiveness Report in
assessing issues that drive national competitiveness.

231
Appendix II

3rd pillar: Governance

3.1 Trust
3.1.1 Secure Internet servers
Secure Internet servers (per million population) | 2020 Photo by Michelangelo Buonarroti
Secure Internet servers are servers that use encryption
technology in Internet transactions.
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (http:// 3.1.4 Internet shopping
data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-
indicators). Data years: 2020. People who used the Internet to buy something online in
the past year (%) | 2021
3.1.2 Cybersecurity The Internet shipping indicator refers to the percentage of
respondents aged 15 years and older who have used the
Global Cybersecurity Index | 2022 Internet in the past year to purchase goods and services
The Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) measures the level online. The data sources a triennial survey carried out in
of cybersecurity commitments made by individual more than 140 economies.
countries. It is a composite index consisting of 25 indicators
distributed across five main pillars: (1) Legal Measures, Source: World Bank, Global Findex Database (https://
(2) Technical Measures, (3) Organizational Measures, (4) globalfindex.worldbank.org/). Data years: 2017-2022.
Capacity Building Measures, and (5) Cooperation Measures.
Scores are standardized to a scale of 0–1.

Source: ITU (2021) Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) 2024 3.2 Regulation
(https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/hdb/d-hdb-gci.01-
2024-pdf-e.pdf). Data Year: 2022. 3.2.1 Regulatory quality
3.1.3 Online access to financial account Regulatory quality indicator | 2022
The regulatory quality indicator captures the perception of
People who use a mobile phone or the internet to make a government’s ability to formulate and implement sound
payments, buy things, or to send or receive money policies and regulations that permit and promote private
using a financial institution account (% with a financial sector development. Scores are standardized to a scale
institution account, age 15+)| 2021 from -2.5 (worst) to 2.5 (best).
Among respondents with a financial institution account,
the percentage of respondents who report using a mobile Source: Global Innovation Index Database, WIPO 2024. World
phone or the Internet to make payments, buy things, or to Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators (www.govindicators.
send or receive money using a financial institution account org). Data Year: 2022
within the past 12 months.

Source: World Bank, Global Findex Database (https://

globalfindex.worldbank.org/). Data Year: 2021–2022

232
3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content
ICT Regulatory Tracker | 2022 Average answer to the question: What does the legal
The ICT regulatory environment indicator is based on the ICT framework to protect Internet users’ privacy and their
Regulatory Tracker composite index that provides a measure data stipulate? | 2023
of the existence and features of ICT legal and regulatory The Privacy protection by law content indicator refers
frameworks. The index covers 50 indicators distributed to responses on privacy protection given by multiple
across four pillars: (1) Regulatory Authority, (2) Regulatory country experts on a 0-4 scale. With disagreement and
Mandate, (3) Regulatory Regime, and (4) Competition measurement error taken into account, aggregated
Framework. Scores are standardized to a scale of 0–2. responses compute a probability distribution over country-
year scores on a standardized interval scale. Point estimates
Source: International Telecommunication Union (ITU), ICT are the median values of each distribution for every
Regulatory Tracker (https://www.itu.int/net4/itu-d/irt/). Data country-year. The scale of a measurement model variable
year: 2022. is similar to a normal (“Z”) score (e.g. typically between -5
and 5, with 0 approximately representing the mean for all
3.2.3 Regulation of emerging country-years in the sample), though it does not necessarily
technologies follow a normal distribution. Data only includes estimates
based on at least four ratings.
Average answer to survey questions concerning how
adequately regulated are the emerging technologies and Source: Mechkova, Valeriya, Daniel Pemstein, Brigitte Seim,
their applications | 2020 and Steven Wilson, (2024) Digital Society Project Dataset v2
The annual World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion (http://digitalsocietyproject.org). Data years: 2019-2023.
Survey (EOS) gathers information from business leaders
on topics with scarce or non-existent data. It is part of the
effort to supplement The Global Competitiveness Report in
assessing issues that drive national competitiveness.

The Legal framework’s adaptability to emerging

technologies indicator refers to the simple mean of the
average answer of a similarly-worded question posited by
the EOS regarding emerging technologies: “In your country,
how adequately regulated are the emerging technologies
and their applications (e.g., artificial intelligence, robotics,
digital platforms)? [1=Not adequately at all—there are
many regulatory grey area and loopholes; 7= Adequately—
regulation is adequate for all emerging technologies and
their applications]”

Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

2020 (http://reports.weforum.org). Data Year: 2020.

3.2.4 E-commerce legislation

Global Cyberlaw Tracker | 2021
The E-commerce legislation indicator refers to a country’s
adoption of e-commerce legislation. The Global Cyberlaw
Tracker provides information on whether a country has
adopted legislation or has a draft law pending adoption
within four areas: electronic transactions, consumer
protection, privacy and data protection, and cybercrime.
Scores range from 0 (no legislation) to 4 (adopted
legislation in all four areas).

Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

(UNCTAD), Global Cyberlaw Tracker (https://unctad.org/en/
Pages/DTL/STI_and_ICTs/ICT4D-Legislation/eCom-Global-
Legislation.aspx). Data year: 2021. Designed by Freepik

233
 3.3 Inclusion 3.3.3 Availability of local online content
Appendix II

3.3.1 E-Participation Average answer to the question: In your country, to what

extent are Internet content and services tailored to the
E-Participation Index | 2022 local population (e.g. in the local language, meeting local
The E-Participation Index (EPI) is a measure of citizen demand)? (1 = Not at all; 7 = To a great extent] | 2019
engagement in public policy making through The annual World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion
e-government programs. It’s a supplement to the United Survey (EOS) gathers information from business leaders
Nations E-Government Survey that assesses how well on topics with scarce or non-existent data. It is part of the
governments use online services to provide information, effort to supplement The Global Competitiveness Report in
interact with stakeholders, and engage in decision-making. assessing issues that drive national competitiveness.
Scores range from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating
greater e-participation. The index questions are periodically Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey
updated to reflect changes in e-government trends and (http://reports.weforum.org). Data years: 2018-2019.
technologies. In the 2022 Survey, the e-participation
questions were further expanded to reflect current trends 3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use
and modalities on how governments engage their people
in public policy-making, implementation and evaluation Difference between female and male population in using
the Internet | 2023
Source: Global Innovation Index Database, WIPO 2024. The Gender gap in Internet use indicator refers to the share
Division for Public Institutions and Digital Government of women and men in a country that use the Internet.
(DPIDG) of the United Nations 287 Department of Economic Scores are calculated as the ratio of the share related to
and Social Affairs (UNDESA), E-Government Survey 2022 the female population over the share related to the male
The Network Readiness Index 2024

(https:// publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/ population.

UN-E-Government-Survey-2022). Data Year: 2022
Source: International Telecommunication Union, ITU DataHub,
3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital (https://datahub.itu.int/). Data Year: 2014–2023.
payments
3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments
Difference between rich and poor income groups that
made or received digital payments in the past year (% Difference between the rural population and the total
age 15+) | 2021 population that made or received digital payments in the
The following indicator refers to the share of the poorest past year (% age 15+) | 2017
40% and the richest 60% income groups in a country The following indicator refers to the share of the rural
that made or received digital payment within the past 12 population against a country’s total population that made
months. Made digital payments include the use of “mobile or received digital payments within the past 12 months.
money, a debit or credit card, or a mobile phone to make a Made digital payments include the use of “mobile money, a
payment from an account, or report using the internet to pay debit or credit card, or a mobile phone to make a payment
bills or to buy something online.” Received digital payments from an account, or report using the internet to pay
include receiving money “directly from or into a financial bills or to buy something online.” Received digital payments
institution account or through a mobile money account.” include receiving money “directly from or into a financial
Final scores express the ratio of the share related to the institution account or through a mobile money account.”
poorest 40% over the share related to the richest 60%. Final scores express as a ratio the share related to the rural
population over the share related to the total population.
Source: World Bank, Global Findex Database (https://
globalfindex.worldbank.org/). Data years: 2014-2022. Source: World Bank, Global Findex Database (https://
globalfindex.worldbank.org/). Data year: 2017-2021.

234
 4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy
Average answer to the question: In your country, to what
extent is the online gig economy prevalent? [1 = Not at
all; 7 = To a great extent] | 2019
The annual World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion
Survey (EOS) gathers information from business leaders
on topics with scarce or non-existent data. It is part of the
effort to supplement The Global Competitiveness Report
in assessing issues that drive national competitiveness.

4th pillar: Impact

The gig economy refers to a labor market specific to digital
platforms and work arrangements focused on short-term
contracts and task-based work.

Source: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

4.1 Economy 2017–2020 (http://reports.weforum.org). Data year: 2019.

4.1.1 ICT patent applications 4.1.4 ICT services exports

Number of ICT applications filed under the Patent Telecommunications, computers, and information
Cooperation Treaty (PCT) (per million population) | 2020 services exports (% of total trade) | 2022
This indicator refers to the count of applications filed under Telecommunications, computer and information services
the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) in the technology exports as a percentage of total trade according to the
domain of information and communication technologies Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification
(ICT) by priority date and inventor nationality. The count EBOPS 2010, coded SI: Telecommunications, computer, and
is given per million people in the country’s population. information services. Values are based on the classification
The classification of ICT-related patents is based on the of the sixth (2009) edition of the International Monetary
International Patent Classification (IPC), as described in Fund’s Balance of Payments and International Investment
Inaba and Squicciarini (2017). Position Manual and Balance of Payments database.

Source: OECD, Patent Database (http://www.oecd.org/ Source: Global Innovation Index Database, WIPO 2024. WTO
sti/inno/intellectual-property-statistics-and-analysis. | Statistics – Global Services Trade Data Hub. Trade in Services
htm). Population data sourced from World Bank, World by Mode of Supply dataset (www.wto.org/english/res_e/
Development Indicators (http://data.worldbank.org/data- statis_e/services_trade_data_hub_e.htm). Data Year: 2022
catalog/world-development-indicators). The IPC classification
is discussed in Inaba, T. and M. Squicciarini (2017), ICT: A new
taxonomy based on the international patent classification.
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers No.
2017/01. Paris: OECD Publishing (https://doi. org/10.1787/
ab16c396-en). Data Year: 2019–2020

4.1.2 Domestic market scale

Domestic market scale as measured by GDP, bn PPP$ |
2023
The domestic market size is measured by GDP based on
the PPP valuation of country GDP, in current international
dollars (billions).

Source: Global Innovation Index Database, WIPO 2024.

International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook
Database, October 2023 (www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/
weo-database/2023/October). Data Year: 2022–2023.

Photo by cottonbro studio: 235

 4.2 Quality of Life 4.2.3 Income inequality
Appendix II

4.2.1 Happiness Gini index | 2021

The Gini index is a measure of income inequality within
Happiness score (life ladder) | 2023 an individual economy. At a technical level, it is based on
Happiness refers to the national average response to the a Lorenz curve that “plots the cumulative percentages of
following survey question included in the Gallup World total income received against the cumulative number of
Poll: “Please imagine a ladder, with steps numbered from recipients.” The Gini index also refers to the area between
0 at the bottom to 10 at the top. The top of the ladder the Lorenz curve and the (hypothetical) line of perfect
represents the best possible life for you and the bottom equality. The scale of the Gini index ranges from 0 (perfect
of the ladder represents the worst possible life for you. On equality) to 100 (perfect inequality).
which step of the ladder would you say you personally feel
you stand at this time?” The indicator is also known as the Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (http://
Cantril life ladder, life ladder, or subjective well-being. data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-
indicators). Data Year: 2013–2023
Note: The data for Oman is an average of value from 2011, as
reported by the Gallup World Poll, and the updated 2024 value 4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth
provided by Gallup Inc.
Healthy life expectancy at birth (years) | 2021
Source: The Gallup World Poll, sourced from Helliwell, J. F., The Healthy life expectancy at birth indicator expresses
Layard, R., Sachs, J. D., De Neve, J.-E., Aknin, L. B., & Wang, the “average number of years that a person can expect to
S. (Eds.). (2024). World Happiness Report 2024. University of live in ‘full health’ by taking into account years lived in less
Oxford: Wellbeing Research Centre. (https://worldhappiness. than full health due to disease and/or injury.” The number
The Network Readiness Index 2024

report/). Data for Oman for 2024 kindly provided by Gallup of years lost due to ill health in a country is estimated by
Inc. Data Year: 2014–2024. the disability rate per capita (adjusted for independent
comorbidity) broken down by age and sex.
4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices
Source: World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory
Freedom to make life choices score | 2023 (GHO) Database (https://www.who.int/gho). Data year: 2021.
Freedom to make life choices refers to the national average
response to the following survey question included in the 4.3 SDG Contribution
Gallup World Poll: “Are you satisfied or dissatisfied with your
freedom to choose what you do with your life?” 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being
Note: The data for Oman is an average of value from 2011, Universal health coverage | 2021
as reported by the Gallup World Poll, and the updated 2024 The following indicator refers to the Universal health
value provided by Gallup Inc. coverage (UHC) service coverage index and is one of the
official indicators related to SDG 3: Ensure healthy lives and
Source: The Gallup World Poll, sourced from Helliwell, J. F., promote well-being for all at all ages (indicator 3.8.1). The
Layard, R., Sachs, J. D., De Neve, J.-E., Aknin, L. B., & Wang, UHC service coverage index encompasses essential health
S. (Eds.). (2024). World Happiness Report 2024. University of services that include reproductive, maternal, newborn
Oxford: Wellbeing Research Centre. (https://worldhappiness. and child health, infectious diseases, service capacity
report/). Data for Oman for 2024 kindly provided by Gallup and access, and non-communicable diseases among the
Inc. Data Year: 2012–2024. general and the most disadvantaged population. Scores
report on a scale of 0–100 and compute the geometric
mean of 14 tracer indicators related to health service
coverage. The tracer indicators on service coverage
compile into four components: (1)Reproductive, maternal,
newborn and child health, (2) Infectious diseases, (3)
Noncommunicable diseases (4) Service capacity and access.

Source: World Health Organization. Tracking universal

health coverage: 2021 Global Monitoring Report. Geneva,
WHO 2021. (https://iris.who.int/bitstream/hand
le/10665/374059/9789240080379-eng.pdf?sequence=1)
Sourced from United Nations, Open SDG Data Hub (http://
www.sdg.org). Data Year: 2021

236
4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
PISA scales in reading, mathematics and science | 2022 Energy intensity | 2021
PISA is the OECD’s (Organisation for Economic Co-operation The Affordable and Clean Energy indicator refers to the
and Development) Programme for International Student energy intensity level of primary energy (defined in
Assessment. PISA measures 15-year-olds’ ability to use megajoules per constant 2011 purchasing power parity
their reading, mathematics and science knowledge GDP) and is an official indicator related to SDG 7: Ensure
skills. Results from PISA indicate the quality and equity access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern
of learning outcomes attained around the world. The energy for all (indicator 7.3.1).
2022 PISA survey is the eighth round of the triennial
assessment. The indicator is built using the average of the Source: Energy Balances, UN Statistics Division (2021) and IEA
reading, mathematics and science scores for each country. (2021), World Energy Balances. Sourced from United Nations,
PISA scores are set in relation to the variation in results Open SDG Data Hub (http://www.sdg.org). Data year: 2021.
observed across all test participants in a country. There is,
theoretically, no minimum or maximum score in PISA; 4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and
rather, the results are scaled to fit approximately normal Communities
distributions, with means around 500 score points and
standard deviations around 100 score points. China did Urban safety and sustainability | 2019
not participate in the 2022 PISA Survey. As a result, China’s Two indicators capture the safety and sustainability of cities:
scores correspond to their 2018 PISA results and are only urban pollution and household. Urban pollution officially
based on the provinces/municipalities of Beijing, Shanghai, relates to SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements
Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The 2022 scores for Azerbaijan inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable (indicator 11.6.2)
correspond only to the capital Baku. and is measured by the annual mean concentration of fine
particulate matter in urban areas less than 2.5 microns
Source: Global Innovation Index Database, WIPO 2024. OECD in diameter. Mortality rate attributed to household and
Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) ambient air pollution is indicator 3.9.1 in the SDG and it
(www.oecd.org/pisa). Data Year: 2015–2022. further measures mortality attributable to the joint effects
of household and ambient air pollution can be expressed as
4.3.3 SDG 5: Women’s economic : Number of deaths Death rate Death rates are calculated by
opportunity dividing the number of deaths by the total population (or
indicated if a different population group is used, e.g.
Women Business and the Law Index Score (scale 1-100) | children under 5 years). Evidence from epidemiological
2024 studies have shown that exposure to air pollution is linked,
Women, Business and the Law tracks progress toward legal among others, to the important diseases taken into account
equality between men and women in 190 economies. in this estimate: Acute respiratory infections (estimated
Data are collected with standardized questionnaires to for all ages ); Cerebrovascular diseases in adults (estimated
ensure comparability across economies. Questionnaires are above 25 years); Ischaemic heart diseases in adults
administered to over 2,000 respondents with expertise in (estimated above 25 years); Chronic obstructive pulmonary
family, labor, and criminal law, including lawyers, judges, disease in adults (estimated above 25 years); and Lung
academics, and members of civil society organizations cancer in adults (estimated above 25 years).
working on gender issues. Respondents provide responses
to the questionnaires and references to relevant laws Source: World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory
and regulations. The Women, Business and the Law team (GHO) Database (https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/
collects the texts of these codified sources of national indicators/). Data year: 2019.
law - constitutions, codes, laws, statutes, rules, regulations,
and procedures - and checks questionnaire responses for
accuracy. Thirty-five data points are scored across eight
indicators of four or five binary questions, with each
indicator representing a different phase of a woman’s
career. Indicator-level scores are obtained by calculating the
unweighted average of the questions within that indicator
and scaling the result to 100. Overall scores are then
calculated by taking the average of each indicator, with 100
representing the highest possible score.

Source: World Bank: Women, Business and the Law 2024.

(https://wbl.worldbank.org/). Data Year: 2024.

237
 Appendix III: JRC Statistical
Profiles
Appendix
Country/Economy III

Audit of the 2024 Network

Readiness Index
Camarasan, M.
Kovacic, M.
Ravanos, P.
Smallenbroek, O
The Network Readiness Index 2024

238
Introduction
The European Commission’s Competence Centre on
Composite Indicators and Scoreboards (COIN) at the Joint
Research Centre (JRC) has been invited for the fourth time
The Network Readiness Index (NRI) was first published in to audit the index. As in the previous three editions, the
2002 by the World Economic Forum as part of the Global present JRC-COIN audit focuses on the statistical soundness
Information Technology Report. Over the last two decades, of the multi-level structure of the index as well as on the
the NRI has provided a holistic view of how economies can impact of key modelling assumptions on the results.
deploy technology to enhance development and global The independent statistical assessment of the NRI 2024
competitiveness. provided by the JRC-COIN guarantees the transparency
and reliability of the index for both policymakers and other
The overall structure of the NRI exhibited some changes stakeholders, thus facilitating more accurate priority setting
compared to that of the NRI 2023 but it has remained and policy formulation in the respective field.
quite similar: The index consists of four pillars (Technology,
People, Governance, and Impact) that make up the The JRC assessment of the NRI 2024 discussed in this report
fundamental dimensions of network readiness. Each of the focuses on two main areas: the statistical coherence of the
fundamental pillars is divided into additional sub-pillars, framework and the impact of key modelling assumptions.
which are further subdivided into a total of 54 indicators. The statistical assessment examines the adequacy of
The current version of the index has been subject to a aggregating indicators into pillars and pillars into the
few adjustments. In particular, four indicators have been overall index.
removed from the NRI in this edition of the index, and
four others have been replaced by new indicators that fit Similar to previous NRI reports, the JRC-COIN analysis
better in the conceptual framework of digital readiness. complements the reported country rankings for the NRI
Furthermore, the weight of four indicators has been index 2024 with simulated intervals to better demonstrate
reduced to improve the NRI correlation structure. Each the robustness of these rankings given the modelling
pillar has the same weight in the computation of the decisions made by the NRI developers. Additionally, the
index. All pillars are composed of three sub-pillars that JRC-COIN analysis includes an evaluation of the added
are weighted equally. The number of indicators making value of the NRI 20242 and a measurement of its distance to
up each sub-pillar varies from four to six. Although they the best-practice frontier of network readiness using data
are equally weighted in their respective sub-pillars, the envelopment analysis.
different number of indicators within sub-pillars results
into a different contribution of each individual indicator in
the overall index. The inclusion of countries and indicators
relies on a double threshold approach (70% coverage at
the pillar level, and 40% coverage at the sub-pillar level),
resulting in a total of 133 countries. Compared to the 2023
edition of the Index, four more countries were included,
while five were excluded.

Designed by Freepik
239
Appendix III

Apart from that, four indicators were replaced in order to

improve the conceptual coherence of the framework:

• Former indicator 2.2.2 “GERD financed by business

enterprises” has been replaced by the “Number of venture
capital deals invested in AI”; former indicator 2.2.5 “GERD
performed by business enterprise has been replaced by
“Public cloud computing market scale”;
• former indicator 2.3.2 “Publication and use of open data”
has been replaced by “Data Capabilities”; and
• former indicator 4.1.3 “PCT patent applications” has been
replaced by “ICT patent applications”.

The replacements were the result of constructive

discussions, in which it was decided that the replacement
indicators align better with the concept of digital readiness
than the old indicators which they replaced. These changes
in the framework highlight the meticulous work by the
developers in continuously improving the NRI framework
Photo by Anete Lusina: and keeping it up to date with novel changes in the flied of
digital readiness. Additional minor modifications include
some methodology and name changes that took place

Conceptual framework
in a reduced number of indicators. The last column of
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Table 1 provides a summary of adjustments to the NRI 2024

framework.
Establishing a well-defined and transparent conceptual
framework is a critical initial phase in the construction of Even though the aim of this statistical audit is not to
a composite indicator. The NRI 2024 is a multidimensional address the conceptual relevance of the indicators
index that encompasses four main pillars: Technology, underpinning the framework, it is worth noting that
People, Government, and Impact. Each pillar is then divided the developers have used a parsimonious approach by
into three sub-pillars, each with varying numbers of selecting a rather balanced number of indicators across
indicators (from four to six). In total, the NRI 2024 consists of pillars and sub-pillars.
54 indicators.

The structure of the NRI 2024 is summarized in Table 1.

The choice of indicators was guided by their conceptual
relevance, existing literature, expert input, and coverage Establishing a well-defined
across countries.
and transparent conceptual
Compared to the previously analysed version of the index framework is a critical initial
in 2023, the conceptual framework has been constructively
phase in the construction of a
revised. Out of the 58 indicators in NRI 2023, four
indicators were removed. This decision was informed by a composite indicator. The NRI
constructive discussion which reached the conclusion that 2024 is a multidimensional
these indicators align more closely with innovation than
with digital readiness. These indicators were: index that encompasses four
main pillars: Technology, People,
• 2.1.4-Tertiary enrolment
• 2.2.3-Knowledge intensive employment Government, and Impact. Each
• 4.1.1-High-tech and medium-high-tech manufacturing pillar is then divided into three
• 4.1.2-High-tech exports
sub-pillars, each with varying
numbers of indicators (from
four to six). In total, the NRI 2024
consists of 54 indicators.

240
Table 1 Conceptual Framework of the NRI 2024

Pillar Sub-pillar Indicator Last year available Note

1. Technology 1.1 Access 1.1.1 Mobile tariffs 2023
1.1.2 Handset prices 2023
1.1.3 FTTH/building Internet subscriptions 2022
1.1.4 Population covered by at least a 3G mobile network 2023
1.1.5 International Internet bandwidth 2023
1.1.6 Internet access in schools 2023
1.2 Content 1.2.1 GitHub commits 2023 Changed methodology
1.2.2 Internet domain registrations 2023
1.2.3 Mobile apps development 2023
1.2.4 AI scientific publications 2023
1.3 Future 1.3.1 Adoption of emerging technologies 2023 Changed methodology
Technologies 1.3.2 Investment in emerging technologies 2018
1.3.3 Robot density 2023
1.3.4 Computer software spending 2023
2. People 2.1 Individuals 2.1.1 Active mobile broadband subscriptions 2023
2.1.2 ICT skills in the education system 2024
2.1.3 Use of virtual social networks 2024
2.1.4 Adult literacy rate 2023
2.1.5 AI talent concentration 2022
2.2 Businesses 2.2.1 Firms with website 2023
2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested in AI 2023 Replaces ‘GERD financed
by business enterprise’
2.2.3 Annual investment in telecommunication services 2023
2.2.4 Public cloud computing market scale 2024 Replaces ‘GERD
performed by business
enterprise’
2.3 Governments 2.3.1 Government online services 2022
2.3.2 Data Capabilities 2021 Replaces ‘Publication
and use of open data’
2.3.3 Government promotion of investments in emerging 2024 Changed methodology
technologies
2.3.4 R&D expenditure by governments and higher 2022
education
3. Governance 3.1 Trust 3.1.1 Secure Internet servers 2020
3.1.2 Cybersecurity 2022
3.1.3 Online access to financial account 2022 Changed methodology
3.1.4 Internet shopping 2022
3.2 Regulation 3.2.1 Regulatory quality 2022
3.2.2 ICT regulatory environment 2022
3.2.3 Regulation of emerging technologies 2020 Changed methodology
3.2.4 E-commerce legislation 2021
3.2.5 Privacy protection by law content 2023
3.3 Inclusion 3.3.1 E-Participation 2022
3.3.2 Socioeconomic gap in use of digital payments 2022
3.3.3 Availability of local online content 2019
3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use 2023
3.3.5 Rural gap in use of digital payments 2021
4.1.1 ICT patent applications 2020 Replaces ‘PCT patent
applications’
4.1.2 Domestic market scale 2023 Name Changed
4.1.3 Prevalence of gig economy 2019
4.1.4 ICT services exports 2022
4.2 Quality of Life 4.2.1 Happiness 2024
4.2.2 Freedom to make life choices 2024
4.2.3 Income inequality 2023
4.2.4 Healthy life expectancy at birth 2021
4.3 SDG 4.3.1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being 2021
Contribution 4.3.2 SDG 4: Quality Education 2022
4.3.3 SDG 5: Women’s economic opportunity 2024
4.3.4 SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy 2021
4.3.5 SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities 2019

Source: Developers of the index and the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.

241
Appendix III

Data quality and

of this kind, as they are already being treated exceptionally
by the developers in terms of data coverage. However, the

availability
incidence of missing values in these two indicators is well
above the suggested limit of 40%.

Timeliness In light of these concerns, JRC – COIN suggests the

replacement or the exclusion of these indicators from
The NRI 2024 draws on annual data, up to 2024. Whenever future editions of the index - if data coverage cannot
data are missing for a country-indicator pair, the developer be improved - since their role in the composite may
followed the rule of the last available year, replacing be unpredictable. Overall, and apart from the two
missing values with previous year values. The main year aforementioned indicators, data availability has improved
used for each indicator is presented in the last column compared to the previous edition of the index. There is an
of Table 1. JRC-COIN suggests that data points up to additional indicator i2.2.2 “Number of venture capital deals
five years old be used to ensure proper timeliness. The invested in AI” for which missing data are slightly above
majority of the indicators in the NRI 2024 consider data the 40% limit. Therefore JRC-COIN recommends that it
from 2023 or 2022. There are four indicators with should be also monitored closely with the aim of improving
relatively older data, namely i.1.3.2 “Investment its coverage in future editions of the index. Moreover,
in emerging technologies”, i.3.3.3 “Availability JRC-COIN suggests monitoring the coverage and continue
of local online content”, i.4.1.3 “Prevalence of efforts to improve the coverage of the following indicators
gig economy”, and i.4.3.5 “SDG 11: Sustainable (% of missing values in parenthesis):
Cities and Communities”, in which all values are
relative to 2019 or 2018. In addition, 57.9% of • i4.1.1 ICT patent applications (33.8 %);
the values in indicator i3.3.5 “Rural gap in use of • i4.3.2 SDG4 Quality education (37.6%).
The Network Readiness Index 2024

digital payments” refer to 2017. As a consequence,

JRC-COIN suggests having a special focus on the The audit also examined the presence of outliers that
timeliness of these five indicators. could potentially bias the effect of the indicators on the
aggregates. JRC-COIN recommends an approach for outlier
Treatment of missing data identification based on the values of skewness and kurtosis,1
i.e., when the variables simultaneously have an absolute
Regarding data coverage, the general practice is to skewness higher than 2.0 and a kurtosis higher than 3.5.
establish a threshold above which an indicator is excluded
from the framework. For the NRI 2024 development, The developers, following the approach suggested by
the inclusion of countries and indicators is based on the JRC-COIN, detected outliers in 19 indicators, 10 of which
“double threshold” approach. In terms of country coverage, had fewer than six outliers and nine had six or more outliers.
this means that only countries with data available for at Prior to normalisation, these were treated according to the
least 70% of all indicators are included in the NRI 2024. following three-way rule:
In addition, countries need to pass a sub-pillar level data
availability of at least 40%. Compared to the previous indicators with no more than five outliers were winsorised
edition of the NRI, five countries were excluded due to (10 indicators);2
not passing these thresholds (Eswatini, Guinea, Gambia,
Lebanon, and Tajikistan), while four countries were included indicators with six or more outliers were transformed
(Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Trinidad and Tobago, and Yemen), by natural logarithms using the following mathematical
resulting in a total of 133 countries. formula:

In terms of indicator coverage, only indicators with

availability of at least 50% of countries are included in the
NRI 2024 with two exceptions, namely the indicator “AI
talent concentration” (i2.1.5) characterized by a very high
incidence of missing values (65%) and “Robot density”
(i.1.3.3) with available data for 42% of the countries.
where x_i refers to the raw value of indicator x for country
In previous statistical assessments of the NRI conducted by I and x_i to the treated value of that indicator for the
JRC-COIN, a threshold of 33% missing values was suggested same country. In this step, a base of 1 was applied for six
for including indicators in the NRI framework. However, indicators (i1.1.3. FTTH/building Internet subscriptions,
it was suggested that a looser threshold of 40% missing i1.1.5. International Internet bandwidth, i1.2.3. Mobile apps
countries could also be implemented to accommodate development, i2.1.1. Mobile broadband internet traffic
the inclusion of indicators representing a very specific and within the country, i3.1.1. Secure Internet servers, i4.1.2.
central concept. Indicators i2.1.5 and i1.3.3 are most likely Domestic market scale);
242
For one indicator (i2.2.4. Public cloud computing market coherence, it may be beneficial for the developers to
scale) in which a base of 1 did not correct skewness and provide clear rationale for the added value of these two
kurtosis, a base of 10 was used; indicators in the NRI conceptual framework, recognising
their limited ability to distinguish between the best- or the
Finally, for two indicators (i2.2.3. Annual investment in worst performing countries On the other hand, indicator
telecommunication services, i1.1.4. Population covered i2.2.3. (Annual investment in telecommunication services)
by at least a 3G mobile network) for which logarithmic is measured in absolute monetary units. This largely
transformation with a base of 1, 10 or 100 did not correct explains the very high kurtosis for this indicator, given
skewness and kurtosis, the Yeo-Johnson transformation was that larger countries such as the USA, China, and India are
applied using the following mathematical formula: naturally investing considerably larger amounts of money
into telecommunication services. The JRC-COIN suggests
denominating this indicator by a variable capturing country
size such as the total amount of investments, or GDP, to
mitigate these issues.

as in this case the values of both indicators were positive. Normalisation

The approach followed by developers to treat the outliers The indicators are rescaled to a 0-100 scale using the
is in line with the best practices suggested by JRC-COIN, well-established formula of MIN-MAX, with higher values
and the additional steps in this edition of the Index follow denoting better performances. This is a common and
up suggestions by JRC-COIN in previous Audits in 2021, usually desired practice in the construction of composite
2022, and 2023 (Caperna and Kovacic, 2022; Ravanos, indicators. The normalisation is conducted using all of the
Kovacic and Caperna, 2023), In the previous edition of the countries for which data are available in order to reflect
Index, three such indicators were highlighted (i2.2.4. Public more closely the global situation for each indicator. The
cloud computing market scale, i2.2.3. Annual investment reverse normalization formula is applied to indicators
in telecommunication services, 1.1.4. Population covered where higher values imply worse outcomes. As in the
by at least a 3G mobile network) which in the current previous editions of the index, reverse normalisation was
edition were treated by the developers in the additional needed for three indicators: i4.2.3 (“Income inequality”),
Steps 3 and 4 described above. The updated treatment i4.3.4 (“SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy”) and i4.3.5
process performed by the developers ensured none of the (“SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities”). Summary
normalised indicators in this edition of the index have an statistics of normalised indicators are given in Table 2.
absolute skewness higher than 2.0 and a kurtosis higher
than 3.5 (Table 2).

JRC-COIN recognises the effort put in by the developers

to treat outliers. The need for special treatment for these
three indicators highlights their potentially problematic
structure. For example, the negative skewness and high
kurtosis of indicator i1.1.4. Population covered by at
least a 3G mobile network (in percentage) are caused
by many values in the upper end of the distribution and
very few low values. In particular, 99 out of 133 values for
this indicator (74.4%) are within the range of 95%-100%
(the latter meaning total coverage of the population by a
3G mobile network). This high concentration suggests a
limited ability of this indicator to discriminate across the
best-performing countries. The opposite holds for indicator
i2.2.4. (Public cloud computing market scale), which
appears to be relevant only for a few highly industrialised
countries currently active in the cloud computing market
(USA, UK, China, Japan, and a few EU countries). 67.7%
of the countries with non-missing data for this indicator
have a market scale ranging from 0 to 1 (for comparison,
the highest value for the indicator is 361.94 for the USA).
In effect, the indicator has a limited ability to differentiate
across the worst-performing countries. Taking into account
that the development of any composite indicator entails
an intricate balance between conceptual and statistical Designed by Freepik

243
 Table 2 Summary statistics of normalised indicators included in the NRI 2024
Appendix III

Indicator N Missing (%) Mean Min Max Std Skew Kurt

i1.1.1 133 0 60.5 0 100 23.1 -0.572 -0.263
i1.1.2 133 0 62.6 0 100 25.8 -0.289 -0.9
i1.1.3 128 3.8 31.8 0 100 18.8 0.644 0.573
i1.1.4 133 0 71.9 0 100 33.5 -1.01 -0.474
i1.1.5 133 0 70.5 0 100 12 -1.46 8.43
i1.1.6 93 30.1 68.1 0 100 36.3 -0.673 -1.08
i1.2.1 131 1.5 21.1 0 100 26.9 1.45 1.07
i1.2.2 133 0 15.5 0 100 24.7 2.01 3.39
i1.2.3 124 6.8 62.3 0 100 16.1 -1.36 3.12
i1.2.4 132 0.8 19.6 0 100 27.5 1.75 2.11
i1.3.1 110 17.3 62 0 100 21.6 -0.459 0.0823
i1.3.2 131 1.5 44 0 100 21.3 0.586 -0.285
i1.3.3 56 57.9 19.5 0 100 22.7 1.86 4.02
i1.3.4 130 2.3 24.3 0 100 20.5 1.03 0.652
i2.1.1 130 2.3 19.2 0 100 19.8 1.6 2.87
i2.1.2 117 12 57.4 0 100 19.2 -0.246 -0.284
i2.1.3 132 0.8 47.8 0 100 24.5 -0.589 -0.727
i2.1.4 104 21.8 82.2 0 100 22.5 -1.86 3.31
i2.1.5 47 64.7 25.9 0 100 26 1.98 3.53
i2.2.1 125 6 51.3 0 100 25.9 -0.21 -0.952
The Network Readiness Index 2024

i2.2.2 79 40.6 21.2 0 100 27.3 2.04 3.4

i2.2.3 123 7.5 53.5 0 100 14.9 0.116 2.12
i2.2.4 127 4.5 23.1 0 100 19.7 1.11 1.03
i2.3.1 132 0.8 62.1 0 100 22.7 -0.425 -0.752
i2.3.2 93 30.1 39.8 0 100 21.6 0.325 -0.563
i2.3.3 114 14.3 42.9 0 100 23.2 0.562 -0.401
i2.3.4 114 14.3 17.9 0 100 19.7 1.72 3.11
i3.1.1 133 0 56.2 0 100 23.9 -0.0894 -1.03
i3.1.2 132 0.8 67.4 0 100 30.8 -0.753 -0.856
i3.1.3 120 9.8 45.1 0 100 26.4 0.228 -1.03
i3.1.4 127 4.5 35.6 0 100 29.8 0.533 -1.1
i3.2.1 133 0 52 0 100 21.9 0.123 -0.694
i3.2.2 133 0 77.7 0 100 17.5 -1.78 4.87
i3.2.3 120 9.8 50.4 0 100 23.9 -0.0751 -0.755
i3.2.4 132 0.8 87.7 0 100 19.9 -1.82 3.48
i3.2.5 133 0 65.6 0 100 21.6 -0.663 -0.0492
i3.3.1 132 0.8 53.2 0 100 24.3 -0.0111 -0.984
i3.3.2 129 3 70.5 0 100 23.2 -0.624 -0.401
i3.3.3 132 0.8 59.1 0 100 23.8 -0.247 -0.859
i3.3.4 108 18.8 61.7 0 100 18.6 -1.93 3.83
i3.3.5 124 6.8 58.4 0 100 20.4 -0.825 0.12
i4.1.1 88 33.8 17.7 0 100 30.1 1.81 2.12
i4.1.2 133 0 53.3 0 100 17.4 0.0285 0.289
i4.1.3 124 6.8 44.5 0 100 22.3 0.282 -0.482
i4.1.4 133 0 20.9 0 100 23.1 1.78 3.12
i4.2.1 131 1.5 55.3 0 100 24.6 -0.57 -0.572
i4.2.2 131 1.5 72.2 0 100 19.6 -1.18 1.48
i4.2.3 118 11.3 67.7 0 100 19.5 -0.89 0.847
i4.2.4 131 1.5 64.4 0 100 21.2 -0.374 -0.371
i4.3.1 131 1.5 64.5 0 100 25.1 -0.77 -0.521
i4.3.2 83 37.6 42.4 0 100 23 0.0611 -0.861
i4.3.3 133 0 75.7 0 100 20.5 -1.38 2.25
i4.3.4 132 0.8 74.7 0 100 19.1 -1.74 3.52
i4.3.5 132 0.8 63.8 0 100 22.8 -0.347 -0.649

Note: The cells with the percentage of missing values exceeding 35%, as well as those with the values of skewness and kurtosis simultaneously exceeding the threshold are highlighted
244 in blue
 More particularly, correlation analysis is used to assess the
extent to which the observed data supports the conceptual
framework. Within each level of the index, there should
ideally be positive and statistically significant correlations.
The JRC-COIN recommends a correlation threshold of 0.3
above which the correlation is considered high enough to
say that two elements share a significant amount of their
variability. The framework should avoid redundancy, which
can be identified by very high correlations (>=0.92), which
may result in double counting (and thus over-weighting) of
the same phenomenon.

In this section, we report the correlations between

indicators in the same pillar, between indicators and their
aggregates (sub-pillar, pillars, and NRI 2024), and finally
between sub-pillars, pillars and the NRI 2024 index.

Correlation analysis between indicators

and aggregates
Photo by Google DeepMind

Figure 1 shows the correlation coefficients between

indicators within the same pillar. Boxes within each pillar

Statistical coherence
identify indicators grouped into respective sub-pillars. The
majority of the correlations within the “Technology pillar”
(i1), as well as in the respective sub-pillars, are positive and
The assessment of statistical coherence consists of a multi- above the threshold level (0.30). Exceptions are: (i) within
level analysis of the correlations of indicators, a comparison the “Access” (i1.1) sub-pillar, the correlation of i.1.1.3 (“FTTH/
of NRI 2024 rankings with their constituent Pillars, as well building Internet subscriptions”) is above the suggested
as an assessment of the impact of changes in the structure threshold only with the indicators i1.1.1 (“Mobile tariffs”)
and weights of the NRI on its statistical coherence.3 and 1.1.5 (“International Internet bandwidth”); and (ii)
within the “Content” (i1.2) sub-pillar, i.1.2.4 (“1.2.4 AI
Correlation analysis scientific publications”) is not sufficiently correlated with
any of the other indicators, as can be gauged by the empty
The statistical coherence of an index should be considered cells which signify correlations not significantly different
a prerequisite but not a sufficient condition for a sound from zero. This evidence may suggest that the i1.1.3 and
index. Given that the statistical analysis relies heavily i.1.2.4 indicators do not fully cooperate with the others
on correlations, the degree of correspondence of every in their respective sub-pillars, which could reduce their
index to a real-world phenomenon needs to be critically impact on the aggregates to which they belong in the
addressed by developers and experts, because “correlations following aggregation steps. As can be seen by Figure 2,
do not necessarily represent the real influence of the this is indeed the case: the correlation between i.1.1.3 and
individual indicators on the phenomenon being measured” its corresponding pillar and NRI 2024 is relatively low (0.42
(OECD and JRC, 2008).4 This influence relies on the interplay and 0.35 respectively), and the same holds for i.1.2.4, which
between both conceptual and statistical soundness. For this has a relatively low correlation coefficient of 0.43 with its
reason, the degree of coherence between the conceptual corresponding pillar and a borderline correlation of 0.30
framework and the statistical structure of the data is an with NRI 2024. An additional low correlation exists between
important factor for the reliability of an index. The most i1.3.3 (“Robot density”) and i1.3.4 (“Computer software
sound and reliable metrics combine a strong relation spending”) of the “Future Technologies” (i1.3) sub-pillar,
between the underlying phenomenon being measured but since this is the only insignificant correlation among
and the conceptual structure of the metric developed indicators of this sub-pillar, it has a lower effect on the
to measure it, and a good statistical coherence within sub-pillar’s coherence.
this conceptual structure, demonstrated by strong and
balanced correlations between aggregated metrics, and
a sufficient flow of information from indicators to their
aggregates and to the overall index.

245
Appendix III

As for the “People pillar” (i2), analysis of the correlation its aggregates is however stronger (see Figure 2), but that
structure leads to two remarks: First, the correlation with the NRI is weaker that the remaining indicators of the
structure for two indicators within the “Individuals” “Economy” sub-pillar (0.37 vs 0.57 or more for the other
sub-pillar (i2.1) (i.2.1.4 “Adult literacy rate” and i2.1.5 “AI three indicators). Within the sub-pillar “SDG Contribution”
talent concentration”) is weak and often not significantly (i4.3), the indicator i4.3.4 (“SDG 7: Affordable and Clean
different from zero (empty cells). Moreover, these two Energy”) and 4.3.5 (“SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and
indicators are negatively correlated with each other. This Communities”) correlate weakly with the other indicators,
suggests that the two are related to each other but in in a but not in a critical way.
conflicting way, which weakens the coherence within this
sub-pillar since these two indicators may “cancel out” to a JRC-COIN suggests to keep monitoring the indicators with
large extent, preventing information (variability) contained weak and statistically insignificant correlations for future
in them from reaching their aggregates. A similar relation index editions. For the newly added indicator i.2.2.2, the
between these indicators has been also observed in the developers should monitor whether the weak correlation
two previous editions of the index. However, the negative with the other indicators persists and, in that case, consider
association between the two indicators is weaker in this the possibility of replacing it with some conceptually similar
edition (-0.44 vs -0.54 in the NRI 2023, see Ravanos et al., indicator. In addition, JRC-COIN would like to reiterate its
2023). The correlation structure between the indicators previous suggestions (Caperna and Kovacic, 2022, Ravanos,
in Pillar 2 and their aggregates (Figure 2), shows that the Kovacic and Caperna, 2023) to pay particular attention
performance of i2.1.5 is generally good at the sub-pillar and to indicator i2.1.6 especially regarding its negative and
pillar level, while its association with the overall index is statistically significant correlation with the indicator
relatively weaker (correlation 0.35). The improvement of the i.2.1.5. JRC-COIN acknowledges the developer’s efforts to
relation between i.2.1.5 and NRI is slight (their correlation improve the coverage of this indicator, which, however,
in NRI 2023 was 0.33), but highlights a path of continuous still results low. Therefore, we would suggest considering
The Network Readiness Index 2024

improvements over the last three editions of the NRI. As in its substitution with another, conceptually equivalent
the previous editions of the index, it is worth noting that indicator with better coverage.
the interpretation of these results should be taken with
caution since the share of missing values associated to this
indicator is extremely high (64.7%). However, discussed
improvements may be linked to the developer’s efforts in
improving the coverage of this indicator (see the discussion
in Section 3).

Second, within the “Businesses” sub-pillar (i.2.2) indicator

2.2.2 (“Number of venture capital deals invested in AI”) is
not significantly correlated with any of the other indicators.
Similarly to the discussion above, this suggests that this
indicator may not be well represented in higher aggregates.
From Figure 2 we see that the performance of i2.2.2 is
generally good at the sub-pillar and pillar level, while its
association with the NRI is relatively weaker (correlation
0.44), compared to at least 0.61 for the other indicators of
sub-pillar i.2.2). The relationship between indicators within
sub-pillar i2.3 “Governments” is quite satisfactory.

Most of the correlations between indicators within pillar

3 “Governance” fall within the [0.3, 0.92] range, , and no
indicator is negatively correlated with the other elements
of the respective sub-pillar, which suggests that most
of the sub-pillars in this pillar are statistically consistent.
In general, a good correlation structure is presented
within the “Impact” (i4) pillar (which underwent several
modifications in this edition of the index) as well. However,
JRC-COIN notes the following: within the “Economy”
sub-pillar (i4.1), the association between the indicator i4.1.4
(“ICT services exports”) and the other three indicators is
generally weak or not statistically different from zero. In this
new structure of sub-pillar 4.1., this represents 50% (3/6) of
the correlation coefficients. The association of i.4.1.4 with Designed by Freepik
246
Figure 1 Correlation between indicators in the same pillar

Technology pillar (i1) People pillar (i2)

i1.1.1 0.77 0.36 0.69 0.53 0.75 0.62 0.47 0.66 0.25 0.68 0.63 0.32 0.5 i2.1.1 0.2 0.35 0.25 0.34 0.78 0.74 0.46 0.44 0.36 0.34

i1.1.2 0.77 0.18 0.64 0.34 0.71 0.7 0.6 0.58 0.64 0.63 0.42 0.49 i2.1.2 0.2 0.53 0.24 0.45 0.42 0.3 0.47 0.52 0.51 0.71 0.59

i1.1.3 0.36 0.18 0.23 0.61 0.26 0.65 0.32 0.23 0.27 i2.1.3 0.35 0.53 0.73 0.72 0.4 0.5 0.72 0.63 0.43 0.47
i1.1.4 0.69 0.64 0.23 0.38 0.71 0.46 0.37 0.47 0.49 0.49 0.34 0.28
i2.1.4 0.25 0.24 0.73 -0.44 0.57 0.28 0.61 0.51 0.23 0.25
i1.1.5 0.53 0.34 0.61 0.38 0.44 0.39 0.51 0.54 0.39 0.31
i2.1.5 0.34 -0.44 0.47 0.33 0.58
i1.1.6 0.75 0.71 0.71 0.44 0.57 0.48 0.68 0.7 0.6 0.41 0.37
i2.2.1 0.45 0.72 0.57 0.36 0.47 0.67 0.56 0.25 0.51
i1.2.1 0.62 0.7 0.46 0.57 0.78 0.53 0.66 0.71 0.55 0.54
i2.2.2 0.42 0.47 0.27 0.48 0.31 0.51
i1.2.2 0.47 0.6 0.37 0.48 0. 78 0.43 0.58 0.59 0.3 0.49
i2.2.3 0.78 0.3 0.4 0.33 0.36 0.89 0.57 0.55 0.36 0.51
i1.2.3 0.66 0.58 0.26 0.47 0.39 0.68 0.53 0.43 0.22 0.64 0.48 0.36 0.34
i2.2.4 0.74 0.47 0.5 0.28 0.47 0.89 0.64 0.68 0.49 0.68
i1.2.4 0.25 0.65 0.51 0.22 0.32 0.28 0.43
i2.3.1 0.46 0.52 0.72 0.61 0.67 0.27 0.57 0.64 0.8 0.45 0.58
i1.3.1 0.68 0.64 0.32 0.49 0.54 0.7 0.66 0.58 0.64 0.32 0.8 0.69 0.5
i2.3.2 0.44 0.51 0.63 0.51 0.56 0.48 0.55 0.68 0.8 0.41 0.63
i1.3.2 0.63 0.63 0.23 0.49 0.39 0.6 0.71 0.59 0.48 0.28 0.8 0.49 0.54
i2.3.3 0.36 0.71 0.43 0.23 0.25 0.31 0.36 0.49 0.45 0.41 0.58
i1.3.3 0.32 0.42 0.34 0.41 0.55 0.3 0.36 0.69 0.49

i1.3.4 0.5 0.49 0.27 0.28 0.31 0.37 0.54 0.49 0.34 0.43 0.5 0.54 i2.3.4 0.34 0.59 0.47 0.25 0.58 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.68 0.58 0.63 0.43

i1.1.1 i1.1.2 i1.1.3 i1.1.4 i1.1.5 i1.1.6 i1.2.1 i1.2.2 i1.2.3 i1.2.4 i1.3.1 i1.3.2 i1.3.3 i1.3.4 i2.1.1 i2.1.2 i2.1.3 i2.1.4 i2.1.5 i2.2.1 i2.2.2 i2.2.3 i2.2.4 i2.3.1 i2.3.2 i2.3.3 i2.3.4

Correlation OK Weak Negative

Correlation OK Weak

Governance pillar (i3) Impact pillar (i4)

i3.1.1 0.65 0.76 0.86 0.8 0.54 0.75 0.5 0.38 0.76 0.75 0.81 0.52 0.52 i4.1.1 0.3 0.54 0.4 0.6 0.49 0.64 0.3 0.52

i3.1.2 0.65 0.57 0.63 0.64 0.48 0.73 0.49 0.72 0.59 0.73 0.24 0.33 i4.1.2 0.3 0.49 0.36 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.32

i3.1.3 0.76 0.57 0.9 0.69 0.46 0.66 0.34 0.24 0.65 0.72 0.67 0.43 0.5 i4.1.3 0.54 0.49 0.23 0.45 0.26 0.37 0.55 0.52 0.52 0.18 0.46
i3.1.4 0.86 0.63 0.9 0.78 0.47 0.74 0.41 0.32 0.75 0.75 0.8 0.46 0.54
i4.1.4 0.23 0.25 0.18 0.33 0.31 0.28 0.22 0.21 0.23
i3.2.1 0.8 0.64 0.69 0.78 0.57 0.82 0.46 0.44 0.72 0.64 0.79 0.43 0.44
i4.2.1 0.4 0.36 0.45 0.25 0.53 0.34 0.75 0.8 0.47 0.43 0.22 0.69
i3.2.2 0.54 0.48 0.46 0.47 0.57 0.48 0.37 0.36 0.47 0.4 0.46 0.29 0.28
i4.2.2 0.26 0.18 0.53 0.34 0.4 0.27 0.33
i3.2.3 0.75 0.73 0.66 0.74 0.82 0.48 0.38 0.19 0.74 0.59 0.87 0.23 0.42
i4.2.3 0.37 0.33 0.34 0.52 0.31 0.43 0.18 0.26
i3.2.4 0.5 0.49 0.34 0.41 0.46 0.37 0.38 0.29 0.44 0.38 0.49 0.39 0.19
i4.2.4 0.6 0.39 0.55 0.31 0.75 0.34 0.52 0.85 0.69 0.35 0.39 0.78
i3.2.5 0.38 0.24 0.32 0.44 0.36 0.19 0.29 0.3 0.24 0.19 0.28
i4.3.1 0.49 0.39 0.49 0.28 0.8 0.4 0.31 0.85 0.72 0.41 0.26 0.78
i3.3.1 0.76 0.72 0.65 0.75 0.72 0.47 0.74 0.44 0.3 0.62 0.74 0.39 0.42
i4.3.2 0.64 0.39 0.52 0.47 0.43 0.69 0.72 0.46 0.47
i3.3.2 0.75 0.59 0.72 0.75 0.64 0.4 0.59 0.38 0.24 0.62 0.65 0.43 0.59

i3.3.3 0.81 0.73 0.67 0.8 0.79 0.46 0.87 0.49 0.19 0.74 0.65 0.47 0.44 i4.3.3 0.3 0.22 0.43 0.27 0.18 0.35 0.41 0.46 0.22 0.28

i3.3.4 0.52 0.24 0.43 0.46 0.43 0.29 0.23 0.39 0.28 0.39 0.43 0.47 0.2 i4.3.4 0.18 0.21 0.22 0.39 0.26 0.22 0.24

i3.3.5 0.52 0.33 0.5 0.54 0.44 0.28 0.42 0.19 0.42 0.59 0.44 0.2 i4.3.5 0.52 0.32 0.46 0.23 0.69 0.33 0.26 0.78 0.78 0.47 0.24 0.24

i3.1.1 i3.1.2 i3.1.3 i3.1.4 i3.2.1 i3.2.2 i3.2.3 i3.2.4 i3.2.5 i3.3.1 i3.3.2 i3.3.3 i3.3.4 i3.3.5 i4.1.1 i4.1.2 i4.1.3 i4.1.4 i4.2.1 i4.2.2 i4.2.3 i4.2.4 i4.3.1 i4.3.2 i4.3.3 i4.3.4 i4.3.5

Correlation High OK Weak Correlation OK Weak

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.

Note: Numbers represent the Pearson correlations coefficients. Good correlations (i.e., Pearson correlation coefficients between 0.30 and 0.92) are highlighted in green. Weak correlations
(lower or equal than 0.30) are written in grey. Statistically insignificant correlations are those with the Pearson correlation coefficients lower than 0.17 and are displayed as empty cells.

247
 Figure 2 Correlations between indicators and their aggregates (sub-pillars, pillars and index)
Appendix III

Technology pillar (i1) People pillar (i2)

i1.1.1 0.9 0,84 0.84 i2.1.1 0.59 0.58 0.47

i1.1.2 0.83 0.81 0.86 i2.1.2 0.51 0.7 0.72

i1.1.3 0.48 0.42 0.35 i2.1.3 0.77 0.79 0.81

i1.1.4 0.85 0.69 0.7

i2.1.4 0.79 0.69 0.68
i2.1.5 0.69 0.6 0.35
i1.1.5 0.61 0.57 0.51
i2.2.1 0.8 0.71 0.75
i1.1.6 0.88 0.8 0.8
i2.2.2 0.57 0.47 0.44
i1.2.1 0.88 0.78 0.82
i2.2.3 0.68 0.67 0.61
i1.2.2 0.78 0.66 0.64
i2.2.4 0.77 0.77 0.76
i1.2.3 0.7 0.71 0.69
i2.3.1 0.85 0.84 0.88
i1.2.4 0.52 0.43 0.3
i2.3.2 0.85 0.8 0.85
i1.3.1 0.86 0.87 0.85 i2.3.3 0.75 0.66 0.62
i1.3.2 0.86 0.82 0.8 i2.3.4 0.81 0.76 0.77
i1.3.3 0.75 0.69 0.69 Sub pillar Pillar Index

i1.3.4 0.73 0.69 0.63

The Network Readiness Index 2024

Sub pillar Pillar Index

Correlation OK

Correlation High OK Weak

Governance pillar (i3) Impact pillar (i4)

i3.1.1 0.9 0.91 0.89 i4.1.1 0.81 0.75 0.76

i3.1.2 0.82 0.79 0.78 i4.1.2 0.59 0.46 0.57

i3.1.3 0.9 0.84 0.77 i4.1.3 0.79 0.69 0.74

i3.1.4 0.95 0.92 0.88

i4.1.4 0.56 0.47 0.37
i4.2.1 0.91 0.8 0.76
i3.2.1 0.89 0.88 0.85
i4.2.2 0.75 0.54 0.42
i3.2.2 0.71 0.61 0.52
i4.2.3 0.52 0.48 0.46
i3.2.3 0.8 0.84 0.89
i4.2.4 0.8 0.84 0.84
i3.2.4 0.66 0.57 0.54
i4.3.1 0.68 0.79 0.85
i3.2.5 0.63 0.41 0.3
i4.3.2 0.83 0.79 0.84
i3.3.1 0.85 0.84 0.84
i4.3.3 0.7 0.52 0.45
i3.3.2 0.85 0.79 0.74 i4.3.4 0.59 0.42 0.34
i3.3.3 0.86 0.88 0.92 i4.3.5 0.65 0.72 0.74
i3.3.4 0.63 0.55 0.46 Sub pillar Pillar Index

i3.3.5 0.69 0.57 0.5

Sub pillar Pillar Index
Correlation High Ok

Correlation High OK Weak

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.

Note: Numbers represent the Pearson correlations coefficients. Good correlations (i.e., Pearson correlation coefficients between 0.30 and 0.92) are highlighted in green. Weak correlations
(lower or equal than 0.30) are written in grey.

248
 The highest aggregation steps displayed in Figure 3 and
Figure 4 between pillars and from pillars to NRI, also
display some very high correlations. In particular, there
are seven correlation coefficients between 0.89 and 0.91,
which appear between sub-pillars and their aggregates
in Pillars 1, 2, and 3. High statistical reliability among the
main components can be the result of redundancy of
information. Overall, NRI 2024 indicator, pillars, and sub-
pillars seem to be measuring similar phenomena, at least
for the Pillars1, 2, and 3. The correlation analysis suggests
that the exclusion of some elements from the framework
is expected to have a small effect on the final result.
In this edition of the index, the developers undertook
modifications of the index structure by removing and
replacing some indicators (see the discussion in Section 3)
but these modifications (i) were based on conceptual
grounds, and (ii) concerned the structure of sub-pillars
for which correlations with aggregates shown below are
not very high. In light of the issues related to statistical
Photo by Shuaizhi Tia coherence and the risk of redundancy, JRC-COIN would
suggest a further reduction of indicators for future editions
of the index.
Correlations between sub-pillars, pillars
and NRI 2024 Finally, Figure 5 shows the correlation between the pillars
and between the pillars and NRI 2024. This is the most
The correlation between the aggregates represents the important level of aggregation because it represents
most important element of the analysis of statistical the statistical coherence of the overall concept being
coherence as it reflects the relations between the concepts measured. All correlations are significant and positive
defined by the aggregates’ structure. In general, the (> 0.30). The correlation between “Technology” (i1) and
evidence from Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5 suggests that “People” (i2) pillars is very close to the 0.92 threshold,
all four pillars appear to be consistent, with the sub-pillars suggesting that there may be some risk of redundancy at
being well correlated with each other. The NRI 2024, the pillar level. This issue does not appear to be alleviated
therefore, has a generally satisfactory correlation structure, at the index level, where correlations between the two
as evidenced by strong correlations between the sub- Pillars (i1 and i2) and the NRI are even higher (0.96 and 0.94
pillars, pillars, and the index. What is evident from Figure 3 respectively), well exceeding the redundancy threshold
is that the correlation between sub-pillars of the “People” (set at 0.92). Also, the remaining two pillars show very high
pillar is slightly less balanced compared to that of the other correlations with the index. This is not surprising evidence
three sub-pillars, but since no correlation is too high (above given the high correlations between sub-pillars, pillars, and
the 0.92 threshold), this is evidence that no sub-pillar index reported in Figure 4. Although not a critical issue for
among those in Pillar 2 is excessively represented in Pillar 2. the reliability of the NRI, this should be taken into account
in the Index’s upcoming revisions.
Nevertheless, a note of caution is necessary. Two of the
three sub-pillars within the “Governance” Pillar appear to
be extremely correlated with the Pillar itself. This holds for
sub-pillars “Trust” (i3.1) and “Inclusion” (i3.3), which have
high correlations (exceeding 0.92) with the “Governance”
Pillar, suggesting that there may be a risk of redundancy
at the pillar level. This is only partly mitigated at the index
level (Figure 4), where one of the two pillars (i3.3) shows
a positive correlation that does not exceed the 0.92 set
threshold.

249
 Figure 3 Correlations between sub-pillars in the same pillar
Appendix III

Technology pillar (i1) People pillar (i2)

i1.1 0.72 0.67 i2.1 0.52 0.59

i1.2 0.72 0.72 i2.2 0.52 0.72

i1.3 0.67 0.72 i2.3 0.59 0.72

The Network Readiness Index 2024

i1.1 - i1.2 i1.3 i1.1 - i1.2 i1.3

Correlation OK Correlation OK

Governance pillar (i3) Impact pillar (i4)

i3.1 0.79 0.89 i4.1 0.49 0.51

i3.2 0.79 0.75 i4.2 0.49 0.58

i3.3 0.89 0.75 i4.3 0.51 0.58

i1.1 - i1.2 i1.3 i1.1 - i1.2 i1.3

Correlation OK Correlation OK

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.

Note: Numbers represent the Pearson correlations coefficients. Good correlations (i.e., Pearson correlation coefficients between 0.30 and 0.92) are highlighted in green, pink, yellow and
orange

250
Figure 4 Correlations between sub-pillars, pillars and NRI 2024

Technology pillar (i1) People pillar (i2)

i1.1 0.9 0.9 i1.1 0.81 0.68

i1.2 0.91 0.86 i1.2 0.86 0.83

i1.3 0.88 0.82 i1.3 0.91 0.91

Pillar Index Pillar Index

Correlation High Ok Correlation High Ok

Governance pillar (i3) Impact pillar (i4)

i1.1 0.97 0.93 i1.1 0.8 0.77

i1.2 0.89 0.83 i1.2 0.86 0.78

i1.3 0.94 0.91 i1.3 0.82 0.76

Pillar Index Pillar Index

Correlation High Ok Correlation Ok

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2023. Correlations between pillars and NRI 2024
Note: Numbers represent the Pearson correlations coefficients. Good correlations (i.e., Pearson correlation coefficients between 0.30 and 0.92) are highlighted in green, pink, yellow and
orange

251
 Figure 5 Correlations between pillars, and between pillars and NRI 2024
Appendix III

i1.1 0.89 0.88 0.86 0.96

i1.2 0.89 0.85 0.84 i1.1 0.96

i1.3 0.88 0.85 0.86 i1.2 0.96

0.86 0.84 0.86 i1.3 0.95

Pillar Index Pillar Index

Correlation Ok Correlation High

The Network Readiness Index 2024

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024. Correlations between pillars and NRI 2024
Note: Numbers represent the Pearson correlations coefficients. Good correlations (i.e., Pearson correlation coefficients between 0.30 and 0.92) are highlightedin blue

Impact of modifications in the NRI Within sub-pillar i2.2, two indicators were replaced and
structure on correlations one indicator was removed. Comparing with the previous
edition of the index, this appears to have affected the
The structure of the NRI 2024 underwent some correlation structure within the sub-pillar slightly adversely
modifications compared to that of the NRI 2023, with four but not critically. In particular, the newly added indicator
indicators being replaced by new ones and four indicators i.2.2.2 “Number of venture capital deals invested in AI” has
being removed. The changes with respect to removal and low or insignificant correlations with the other indicators
replacement of indicators are concentrated in sub-pillars of the sub-pillar, while the replaced indicator (“GERD
i2.2. “Businesses” and i4.1. “Economy”. The rationale financed by business enterprise”) was adequately (i.e.,
between these changes related to discussions about the above 0.3 and below 0.92) correlated with other indicators
conceptual fit of the changed indicators. In addition, the within the i2.2 pillar. The newly added indicator i.2.2.4
weights of four indicators of the “Impact” Pillar (i4) (i4.2.3 “Public cloud computing market scale” has a less balanced
“Income inequality”, i4.2.4 “Healthy life expectancy at correlation structure with the other indicators of the
birth”, i4.3.1 “SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being”, and sub-pillar compared to its predecessor (“GERD performed
i4.3.5 “SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities”) were by business enterprise”, i.2.2.5 at the time), and it is highly
reduced, departing from the equal weighting scheme correlated with indicator 2.2.3. “Annual investment in
within sub-pillars i4.2. and i4.3. This was conducted to telecommunication services” (correlation 0.89). However,
improve the correlation structure within these sub-pillars this does not result in indicators i.2.2.3 and i.2.2.4 being
and with higher aggregates. The discussion in the section over-represented in the new sub-pillar i.2.2, as we can see
aims to examine the impact of these modifications on the from the correlations in Figure 2. Correlations between
correlation structure of the NRI. For the first part concerning indicators and their aggregates (sub-pillars, pillars
indicator removals and replacements, we compare and index). The new indicator i.2.2.2 is slightly under-
the current structure of the NRI as presented in the represented compared to other indicators in the final NRI
previous sub-section with the previous edition structure 2024 but its correlation with NRI is 0.47, suggesting that
(Ravanos, Kovacic and Caperna, 2023). For the second under-representation is not critical.
part concerning the change in weights, we compare the
current correlation structure of the “Impact” Pillar with a
counterfactual scenario in which equal weights are applied
to all indicators.
252
Within sub-pillar “Economy” (i4.1), one indicator was Figure 6 shows the correlation of indicators of the
replaced and two indicators were removed. Comparing “Economy” Pillar with their aggregates and the correlations
with the previous edition of the index, this appears to have across the three sub-pillars in the “Economy” Pillar under
weakened the coherence within this sub-pillar but not a counterfactual scenario where all the indicators within
critically. Particularly, the removal of former indicators i4.1.1. the “Economy” pillar received equal weights. Comparing
High-tech and medium-high-tech manufacturing and i4.1.2. these with the respective numbers in Figure 2 and Figure
High-tech exports has reduced the number of strong and 3 we see that the reduction of weights of indicators i4.3.1
positive correlations within this sub-pillar, since these two “SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being” and i4.3.5 “SDG 11:
indicators were strongly and positively correlated with all Sustainable Cities and Communities” has resulted in a lower
other indicators in the “Economy” sub-pillar in the NRI 2023. correlation of them with the sub-pillar i4.3 compared to the
The indicator i.4.1.4. “ICT services exports” remains part of counterfactual scenario where weights were not reduced,
the sub-pillar in the NRI 2024 edition, resulting in a limited and this has eventually resulted in a more balanced
number of strong and positive correlations within the sub- representation of all the five indicators in their aggregate
pillar. However, the representation of all indicators in higher i4.3. On the other hand, the change in the weights of
aggregates (see Figure 2. Correlations between indicators indicators i4.2.3 “Income inequality” and i4.2.4 “Healthy life
and their aggregates (sub-pillars, pillars and index) remains expectancy at birth” has had a slight effect of the opposite
strong, with the exception of indicator i.4.1.4. direction, as the representation of indicators within the sub-
pillar i4.2 in Figure 2 is slightly more unbalanced (and with
Overall, the correlation analysis confirms that the removal one indicator -i.4.2.1- having a very high correlation with
and replacement of indicators on conceptual grounds in the sub-pillar) compared to the counterfactual scenario
the Economy sub-pillar did not have an adverse impact on depicted in Figure 6. However, the reduction of weights
the statistical coherence of the NRI. JRC-COIN suggests to also results in a more balanced representation of the three
keep monitoring the performance of the indicators with sub-pillars in the “Economy” pillar and in the resulting
weak correlations (i.e., i.2.2.2 and i.4.1.4) and, if possible, NRI compared to the counterfactual scenario. Thus, the
consider alternative indicators that would improve the statistical analysis suggests that the change in weights
correlation structure within the respective sub-pillars (i.e., had in general a slight positive effect on the correlation
i2.2 and i4.1). structure within the “Economy” pillar.

Figure 6 Correlation structure within Pillar 4 with equal weights applied to the indicators of sub-pillars 4.1. and 4.3.

i4.1.1 0.81 0.76 0.77

i4.1.2 0.59 0.47 0.57
i4.1 0.8 0.77
i4.1.3 0.79 0.7 0.74
i4.1.4 0.56 0.47 0.37
i4.2.1 0.88 0.8 0.76
i4.2.2 0.67 0.5 0.41
i4.2.3 0.64 0.51 0.47 i4.2 0.88 0.81
i4.2.4 0.86 0.88 0.85
i4.3.1 0.83 0.82 0.85
i4.3.2 0.82 0.8 0.84
i4.3.3 0.63 0.48 0.44
i4.3 0.88 0.84
i4.3.4 0.52 0.4 0.34
i4.3.5 0.8 0.76 0.75
Sub pillar Pillar Index Pillar Index

Correlation OK Correlation Ok

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.

Note: Numbers represent the Pearson correlations coefficients. Good correlations (i.e., Pearson correlation coefficients between 0.30 and 0.92) are highlighted in blue.

253
 Principal components analysis of the NRI
Appendix III

Figure 7 illustrates the projections of the pillars onto the

2024 plane spanned by the first two principal components in
a “factor map”. The correlation between each pillar and
A further step in the analysis of statistical coherence the principal component is given by the projection of
is principal component analysis (PCA). The aim of the NRI 2024 vector onto the component axis. The pillars
principal component analysis is to assess to what extent trajectories are very close to each other, suggesting
the conceptual framework is confirmed by statistical that there may be some risk of redundancy at the index
approaches. The desired outcome is to observe only one level, which offers a significant room for simplification in
principal component with an eigenvalue greater than 1, accordance with the evidence obtained in the correlation
and able to explain more than 70% of the total variance. analysis.
The achievement of these thresholds suggests the presence
of a common, unidimensional phenomenon underlying the Additional PCA analysis was conducted at the pillar level.
four pillars of the NRI. These results confirm the presence of a single latent
dimension in each of the four pillars (one component with
The four pillars share a single statistical dimension that an eigenvalue greater than 1 and ranging from 2.6 to 2.1)
summarizes a very high share (89.81%) of the total variance that captures between 87.5% (“Governance” pillar) and
(Table 3). In addition, the four loadings (correlation 68.4% (“Impact” pillar) of the total variance in the three
coefficients) of these pillars are almost equal (0.96 to underlying sub-pillars. The respective factor maps are
0.94). This similarity suggests that the four pillars make presented in Figure 8 and are in line with the results of the
roughly equal contributions to the variation of the NRI correlation analysis.
2024 (ranging from 25.5% to 24.5%). The second principal
component is much less influential since it accounts for
only 4.23% of the total variance.
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Table 3 Eigenvalues and explained variance for the first ten principal components

PC Eigenvalue % of variance Cumulative % of variance

PC1 3.59 89.81 89.81

PC2 0.17 4.23 94.05

PC3 0.14 3.46 97.51

PC4 0.10 2.49 100.00

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.

Figure 7 Factor map of the four pillars and comparison with the overall NRI 2024

PCA graph of variables

1.0

0.5

i3
Dim 2 (3.15%)

0.0 NRI
i1

i2

-0.5

-1.0

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0

Dim 1 (91.49%)

254 Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.

Figure 8 Factor maps of the relationship between sub-pillars and their respective pillar

Technology pillar (i1) People pillar (i2)

PCA graph of variables PCA graph of variables

1.0 1.0

i2.1
0.5 0.5
i1.1
Dim 2 (10.94%)

Dim 2 (17.02%)
i1.2 i2
0.0 NRI 0.0 NRI
i1
i2.3

i1.3 i2.2
-0.5 -0.5

-1.0 -1.0

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Dim 1 (91.49%) Dim 1 (74.05%)

Governance pillar (i3) Impact pillar (i4)

PCA graph of variables PCA graph of variables

1.0 1.0

i4.1
0.5 0.5
i3.2
Dim 2 (17.52%)
Dim 2 (9.05%)

0.0 NRI 0.0 i4 NRI

i3

i4.3
i3.1

-0.5 i3.3 -0.5

i4.2

-1.0 -1.0

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Dim 1 (87.49%) Dim 1 (68.44%)

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024

255
 Added value of the NRI 2024 Impact of modelling
Appendix III

The main objective of this section is to further investigate assumptions on the NRI
the added value of sub-pillars by exploring whether
the four pillars reveal aspects of countries’ network 2022 results
readiness that are not observed by the final ranking .
Uncertainty analysis
Table 4 presents the differences in country rankings
between the NRI and each of its four sub-pillars. These The NRI, as with any other composite indicator, is
results suggest that the percentage of countries where partially the result of certain methodological decisions
the NRI 2024 rankings differ by 15 to 30 positions with taken during development. A fundamental step in the
respect to the pillars ranges from 14.3% in the case of pillar statistical analysis of a composite indicator is to assess
i1 (“Technology”) to 18% in the case of pillar i2 (“People”). the effect of such modelling assumptions on the country
In other words, NRI 2024 rankings depict aspects of rankings. Despite the efforts in the development process,
countries’ network readiness that do not emerge from each there is an unavoidable subjectivity (or uncertainty) in
of the four single pillars for at least 14% of the countries the resulting choices. The effect of this subjectivity can
considered. Notice also that the share of countries with be explored by comparing the results obtained under
shifts larger than 30 positions is in general negligible and alternative modelling assumptions. The literature on this
is larger for the “Impact” pillar. This suggests that there is topic5 suggests assessing the robustness of the index by
enough variation between the NRI and the pillar rankings means of a Monte Carlo simulation and by applying a
to reveal aspects of countries’ network readiness that do multi-modelling approach. This also assumes “error-free”
not emerge from a single pillar, but not so much variation data as possible errors have already been corrected in the
to suggest a lack of concordance between the NRI and any preliminary stage of the index construction before the
The Network Readiness Index 2024

of its pillars. audit.

Even though the presence of a strong correlation among The Network Readiness Index analysed in this document
the four aggregates of the NRI does not necessarily is the outcome of several modelling choices including,
represent an issue calling for immediate action, it points among other things: (i) the underlying theoretical
towards opportunities for simplification in the index framework; (ii) the indicators selected; (iii) the treatment
structure. Therefore, to improve readability, JRC-COIN of potential outliers, (iv) the imputation of missing values;
would suggest considering the possibility of excluding (v) the weights assigned; and (vi) the aggregation method.
some elements of the index in future editions without Some of these choices may be based on expert opinion
jeopardising the integrity of the pillars or the overall index. or other consideration driven by statistical analysis or the
need to ease communication or draw attention to specific
issues.

Table 4 Distribution of differences between pillars and NRI 2024 rankings

Shift respect to NRI Technology People Governance Impact

More than 30 positions 1.50% 2.30% 0.80% 5.30%
Between 15 and 30 positions 14.30% 18.00% 15.00% 15.80%
6 to 15 positions 36.10% 39.80% 42.10% 39.10%
Up to 5 positions 42.90% 36.80% 36.10% 32.30%
0 positions 5.30% 3.00% 6.00% 7.50%

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.

256
This section aims to examine the impact of varying Weights. The Monte Carlo simulation conducted by the
some of these assumptions within a range of plausible JRC-COIN comprised 1 000 runs of different sets of weights
alternatives by means of an uncertainty analysis. The for the four pillars. The weights are the result of a random
objective is therefore to try to quantify the uncertainty in extraction based on uniform continuous distributions
the ranks of NRI 2024, which can demonstrate the extent to centred in the reference values (0.25) plus or minus 20% of
which countries can be differentiated by their scores and these values.
ranks. The modelling issues considered in the robustness
assessment of the NRI 2024 are: As summarised in Table 5, four models were tested
comparing the different aggregation formulas, the different
• the aggregation formula; and imputation methods and applying the 1,000 runs of
• the pillars’ weights. different sets of weights resulting in a total of 2,000 runs of
simulations.
The following paragraphs deal with each of these in turn.
The results obtained from the robustness analysis are
Aggregation formula. The developers of the NRI 2024 graphically summarised in Figure 9, which presents the
opted for the arithmetic aggregation formula with an equal countries’ median ranks (blue dots) and 95% intervals
weight given to each of the four pillars, which implies computed across the 2,000 Monte Carlo simulations.
perfect compensability across the pillars, allowing for an Countries are ordered from best to worst according to their
outstanding performance in some aspects to completely NRI 2024 rank and for each country, the error bars (grey
balance the weaknesses in others and vice-versa. In lines) represent the 95% interval across all 2000 simulations,
other words, arithmetic averaging treats countries with that is, from the 5th to the 95th percentile of the country’s
outstanding high and low results in the same way as it rank among all the simulations.
treats a more “balanced” countries showing average results.

To assess the impact of this compensability issue, the JRC-

COIN relaxed the strong perfect substitutability assumption
inherent in the arithmetic average and considered instead
the geometric average, which is a partially compensatory
approach that rewards economies with balanced profiles
and motivates economies to improve in the NRI pillars in
which they perform poorly, and not just in any NRI pillar.
The comparison of the two aggregation approaches is thus
able to highlight countries with unbalanced profiles, which
are assessed more favourably by arithmetic averaging
compared to geometric averaging.

Table 5 Alternative assumptions considered in the analysis

Reference Alternative

I. Aggregation formula Arithmetic average Geometric average

II. Weighting system Equal weights Varying

Technology 0,25 U [ 0.2; 0.3 ]
People 0,25 U [ 0.2; 0.3 ]
Governance 0,25 U [ 0.2; 0.3 ]
Impact 0,25 U [ 0.2; 0.3 ]

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.

257
 Figure 9 Robustness analysis: NRI 2024 rank vs median rank and 95% intervals.
Appendix III

21
NRI’s intervals of simulated ranks

HUN

41 THA BGR
IND
IND ORUU
TUR
OMN

61
SYC
ALBGHA
UZB EGY TUN
81
LKA
SEN

101
LAO CMR

121

1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 121 131

Country rank
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.

The NRI 2024 ranks are shown to be representative of a The information contained in Table 6 can also be used to
plurality of scenarios and satisfactorily robust to changes provide more detailed information about the countries’ NRI
in modelling assumptions. Considering the median rank rankings. By comparing a country’s nominal rank with the
across the simulated scenarios as being representative interval provided one can identify countries for which the
of these scenarios and comparing it with the (nominal) modelling choices in NRI development are more favourable
NRI 2024 rank, we find that the two are quite close (less (those for which the nominal ranking coincides with the
than four positions away) for the majority (94 out of 133 interval’s upper bound) and countries which are relatively
or 70.7%) of the considered countries. This suggests that less favoured by those choices (those for which the nominal
NRI 2024 is a satisfactorily reliable and stable summary ranking coincides with the interval’s lower bound). There
measure, and that a country’s NRI rank sufficiently are 25 countries for which the NRI rank coincides with
represents a wide range of alternative scenarios for the the simulated interval’s upper bound7, suggesting that
majority of the countries. Only for three countries does the their rank would most likely worsen if the NRI modelling
NRI rank differ from the median Monte-Carlo rankings by assumptions are changed. On the other hand, there are
more than 10 positions (Indonesia, Seychelles, and Tunisia). 22 countries8 which would most likely see their ranking
improving if some modelling assumptions of the NRI were
Furthermore, the majority of the countries’ ranks (113 out of to change, since their NRI rank coincides with the interval’s
133) vary ten or less positions across simulations. There are lower bound. Both these groups of countries are relatively
20 countries6 showing a simulated interval larger than ten evenly spread across the NRI ranking, meaning that the NRI
positions. These countries are labelled with their acronyms methodological choices do not tend to benefit countries
in Figure 9. These intervals are however smaller than 20 with higher or lower NRI ranks more than others.
positions for all countries but one (Seychelles). The NRI
ranking of these countries should therefore considered with
some caution, particularly for Seychelles.

Table 6 reports the NRI 2024 country ranks along with the
simulated intervals (the central 95 percentiles observed
among the 2,000 scenarios) for full transparency and
information, in order to better appreciate the robustness
of these ranks to the computation methodology and to
facilitate analysis of the behaviour of specific countries in
response to perturbations.
258
Table 6 NRI 2024 ranks and 95 percent confidence intervals

ISO Index interval ISO Index interval ISO Index interval

USA 1 [1-1] SVK 46 [38-46] BIH 90 [89-93]
SGP 2 [2-8] SRB 47 [44-49] RWA 91 [90-96]
FIN 3 [3-5] IDN 48 [47-63] CIV 92 [92-94]
SWE 4 [2-5] IND 49 [47-62] JAM 93 [84-94]
KOR 5 [3-7] OMN 50 [49-63] PRY 94 [93-100]
NLD 6 [5-10] BHR 51 [49-53] LKA 95 [84-95]
CHE 7 [6-8] CRI 52 [48-55] TUN 96 [79-97]
GBR 8 [5-9] URY 53 [51-53] PAK 97 [95-101]
DEU 9 [2-9] CHL 54 [49-57] CPV 98 [95-99]
DNK 10 [10-11] BGR 55 [41-55] SLV 99 [99-105]
CAN 11 [9-11] GRC 56 [46-57] DZA 100 [98-102]
JPN 12 [11-12] ROU 57 [46-58] SEN 101 [90-101]
ISR 13 [13-14] TUR 58 [46-58] BOL 102 [100-102]
NOR 14 [13-16] HRV 59 [55-59] TZA 103 [99-103]
AUS 15 [15-15] MUS 60 [56-60] VEN 104 [104-111]
FRA 16 [13-17] KAZ 61 [61-70] GTM 105 [105-110]
CHN 17 [16-18] MEX 62 [61-67] TTO 106 [105-114]
EST 18 [18-25] PHL 63 [63-69] HND 107 [106-108]
IRL 19 [19-22] COL 64 [57-66] LAO 108 [104-115]
AUT 20 [17-20] MNE 65 [58-66] NPL 109 [103-109]
BEL 21 [20-22] ARM 66 [60-67] KHM 110 [109-113]
NZL 22 [20-25] KWT 67 [67-71] BEN 111 [107-111]
LUX 23 [22-28] GEO 68 [65-68] NGA 112 [103-113]
ESP 24 [19-24] ARG 69 [65-69] CMR 113 [103-114]
ISL 25 [24-31] MDA 70 [70-79] BWA 114 [112-117]
ITA 26 [21-27] SYC 71 [70-98] ZMB 115 [113-116]
CZE 27 [23-27] ZAF 72 [69-73] NIC 116 [114-118]
ARE 28 [27-31] KEN 73 [63-74] NAM 117 [109-117]
HKG 29 [27-30] JOR 74 [70-74] UGA 118 [117-118]
PRT 30 [25-30] AZE 75 [75-82] MWI 119 [119-121]
LTU 31 [31-33] MAR 76 [71-77] MLI 120 [119-122]
POL 32 [29-32] MKD 77 [75-81] ZWE 121 [118-122]
MLT 33 [32-33] PAN 78 [74-79] ETH 122 [119-122]
SVN 34 [34-35] IRN 79 [73-81] LSO 123 [123-127]
SAU 35 [35-39] DOM 80 [79-88] MRT 124 [123-126]
MYS 36 [36-37] UZB 81 [80-91] MDG 125 [124-125]
LVA 37 [36-45] ECU 82 [77-83] MOZ 126 [123-126]
QAT 38 [37-39] PER 83 [81-89] BFA 127 [125-128]
CYP 39 [38-43] ALB 84 [73-84] AGO 128 [127-128]
THA 40 [40-52] EGY 85 [82-93] SLE 129 [129-131]
RUS 41 [41-46] KGZ 86 [84-88] TCD 130 [130-133]
HUN 42 [33-44] GHA 87 [72-88] COD 131 [129-131]
UKR 43 [39-45] MNG 88 [83-89] BDI 132 [131-132]
BRA 44 [43-51] BGD 89 [83-90] YEM 133 [130-133]
VNM 45 [38-46]

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.

259
 Sensitivity analysis
Appendix III

The results suggest that the aggregation formula does

not significantly affect the NRI 2024 ranks. In particular,
Complementary to the uncertainty analysis, sensitivity the average change in ranks9 between the two scenarios
analysis has been used to identify which of the modelling is roughly equal to one rank position (1.02), suggesting
assumptions have the highest impact on certain country that, on average, a country gains or losses on average
ranks. about one rank position when the geometric aggregation
is applied instead of the arithmetic one. This result is a
Figure 10 compares the ranks derived from NRI 2024 direct consequence of the very strong correlation structure
with those that would have been obtained by changing described in Section 4. In essence, when the Pillars are so
the aggregation procedure from arithmetic to geometric strongly correlated, it is unlikely to have countries with very
mean for the final aggregation of the four Pillars to the unbalanced values across the Pillars. Only for two countries
NRI. This comparison permits us to examine the extent to there is a difference in ranks larger than 3 positions:
which the variability in the rank intervals is originating from Nicaragua, which loses four positions when the geometric
the modelling assumption underlying the aggregation average is used, and Cambodia, which gains four positions.
procedure or by the weights’ perturbation. When countries
are placed under the main diagonal their values are worse
in rank positions when computed with the geometric
mean. This is probably the case of countries penalised by
the geometric mean because of their unbalanced profiles.
One such example is Nicaragua, which is ranked 116th when
the arithmetic aggregation is used, and 120th when the
geometric aggregation is employed.
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Figure 10 Sensitivity Analysis: Comparison of ranks according to arithmetic and geometric mean.

11

21

31
Rank with geometric mean

41

51

61

71

81

91

101

111

121

131

1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 121 131

Rank with Arithmetic mean

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.

260
Best-practice frontier
preclude the possibility of an economy achieving a perfect
score by assigning a zero weight to pillars in which it is

in the NRI by data

relatively weaker: for each economy, the share of each pillar
score (i.e., the pillar score multiplied by the DEA weight

envelopment analysis
over the total score) has upper and lower bounds of 10
percent and 40 percent, respectively. The DEA score is then
measured as the weighted average of all four network
This section aims to examine the following question: Is readiness pillar scores, where the weights are the economy-
there a way to benchmark economies’ multidimensional specific DEA weights, compared to the best performance
performance on network readiness without imposing a among all other economies with those same weights. The
fixed and common set of weights to the four pillars of the DEA scores, ranging between 0 (lowest) and 1 (highest) can
NRI - Technology, People, Governance, Impact – which may be interpreted as a measure of the “distance to the best-
not be fair to a particular country/economy? practice frontier.” Particularly, the inverse of these scores is
interpreted as the percentage increase that a country needs
Several network readiness-related policy issues at the to make in each of the four NRI pillars in order to reach this
national level entail an intricate balance between global best-practice frontier.
priorities and economy-specific strategies. In addition,
some countries may be facing harsher “environmental” Table 7 presents the pillar shares and DEA scores for the
conditions than others, which may prevent their network top 25 economies in the NRI 2024, next to the NRI 2024
readiness strategies from being as effective as designed, ranks. All pillar shares are in accordance with the starting
while others may benefit from some particular factor or point of granting leeway to each economy when assigning
condition that enables policies related to connectivity to be shares, while not violating the upper and lower bounds (10
more effectively applied. Comparing the multidimensional percent and 40 percent). The pillar shares are quite diverse,
performance on network readiness by subjecting all the reflecting the different national strategies for network
133 economies included in the NRI to a fixed and common readiness. These pillar shares serve also to reflect different
set of weights of the four NRI pillars may hinder universal economies’ comparative advantage in certain NRI pillars
acceptance of the index on the grounds that the particular vis-à-vis all other economies and all pillars. For example,
weighting scheme selected to compute the Index might three countries – the United States of America, Singapore,
not be fair to certain economies, for reasons such as those and Finland- obtain a perfect DEA score of 1.00 and hence
highlighted above. A useful alternative to the fixed and they are all on the best-practice frontier when it comes to
common weight scheme is to give to each country the network readiness. In the case of the United States, this is
”benefit-of-the-doubt” to select the aggregation weights achieved by assigning the maximum possible share (40
that better reflect the underlying conditions that may percent) of its DEA score to the Technology and Governance
be affecting connectivity policy implementation, and, pillars, while 10 percent of the USA’s DEA score comes from
to some extent, the countries’ own choices to target a the People and Impact pillars. Having somewhat different
particular network readiness dimension over others. This strengths, Finland has assigned 40 percent of its DEA score
is conducted through data envelopment analysis (DEA), to the Governance and Impact pillars, while the remaining
a performance evaluation method widely applied in real 10 percent of its DEA score comes from respectively the
decision-making settings, in which each country is assigned Technology and People pillars. This most favourable
a set of endogenously determined weights that maximize allocation of weights across the four Pillars enables Finland
its overall NRI score within a given dataset of countries. to reach the maximum possible DEA score of one and be
designated as one of the best-practice countries by DEA,
In this type of analysis, the assumption of fixed pillar while it was ranked 3rd by the NRI index. The top three
weights common to all 133 economies is relaxed, whereby countries are closely followed by Sweden (0.99), Republic
country-specific weights that maximize a country’s of Korea (0.99) and Netherlands (0.97) in terms of efficiency.
network readiness score are determined endogenously Figure 11 plots the distribution of the DEA and the NRIS
by a special form of DEA which is known as the Benefit- scores. The two alternative methods for obtaining the NRI
of-the-Doubt” (BoD) model.10 In theory, each country/ composite index are quite close to each other for all 133
economy is free to decide on the relative contribution of economies (Pearson correlation of 0.998).
each network readiness pillar to its score, so as to achieve
the best possible score in a computation that reflects its
own performance across network readiness dimensions.
In practice, the DEA method assigns a higher (or lower)
contribution to those pillars in which a country/economy
is relatively strong (or weak). This is effectively done by
comparing the country with other sample countries having
a similar mix of performance across the four NRI pillars.
Reasonable constraints are applied to the weights to
261
Appendix III

Table 7 Pillar shares and efficiency scores for the top 25 economies in the NRI 2024

Pillar

Best-practice Best-practice
NRI Difference
Technology People Governance Impact frontier score frontier rank
rank NRI rank
(DEA) (DEA)
United States of America 0,40 0,10 0,40 0,10 1,00 1 1 0
Singapore 0,10 0,22 0,34 0,34 1,00 1 2 1
Finland 0,10 0,10 0,40 0,40 1,00 1 3 2
Sweden 0,19 0,10 0,31 0,40 0,99 4 4 0
Republic of Korea 0,10 0,40 0,10 0,40 0,99 4 5 1
Netherlands 0,18 0,10 0,40 0,32 0,97 6 6 0
Switzerland 0,23 0,10 0,27 0,40 0,96 7 7 0
United Kingdom 0,22 0,10 0,28 0,40 0,95 9 8 -1
Germany 0,22 0,10 0,28 0,40 0,95 9 9 0
Denmark 0,17 0,10 0,40 0,33 0,96 7 10 3
Canada 0,18 0,10 0,40 0,32 0,94 12 11 -1
Japan 0,10 0,40 0,10 0,40 0,93 13 12 -1
Israel 0,10 0,40 0,10 0,40 0,95 9 13 4
Norway 0,17 0,10 0,40 0,33 0,92 14 14 0
The Network Readiness Index 2024

Australia 0,10 0,19 0,40 0,31 0,92 14 15 1

France 0,10 0,20 0,40 0,30 0,89 19 16 -3
China 0,10 0,40 0,10 0,40 0,90 16 17 1
Estonia 0,10 0,18 0,40 0,32 0,90 16 18 2
Ireland 0,10 0,10 0,40 0,40 0,90 16 19 3
Austria 0,17 0,10 0,40 0,33 0,87 22 20 -2
Belgium 0,17 0,10 0,40 0,33 0,87 22 21 -1
New Zealand 0,10 0,10 0,40 0,40 0,88 20 22 2
Luxembourg 0,15 0,10 0,40 0,35 0,88 20 23 3
Spain 0,10 0,19 0,40 0,31 0,86 24 24 0
Iceland 0,10 0,19 0,40 0,31 0,85 25 25 0

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.

Note: The results are based on the “Benefit-of-the Doubt” model, a special form of Data Envelopment Analysis. Pillar shares are expressed in percentages, bounded by 0.10 and 0.40
for all four pillars of network readiness - Technology, People, Governance, Impact. Instead, in the NRI 2024, the four pillars each have a fixed weight of 0.25. Darker colors represent a
higher contribution of those pillars to the overall DEA score as a result of an economy’s stronger performance in those pillars, which may help to provide evidence for economy-specific
strategies. Economies are ordered by their Best-practice Frontier score.

262
Table 8 presents the arithmetic average of the weights sets provide different kinds of information to the user. The
chosen by the countries in the BoD model for each of the BoD-derived weights are data-driven and hence represent a
four NRI pillars and the weights used by the NRI, which “positive” view of the country performance. In other words,
are common across countries and pillars and hence they show “what is” or how country performance fares
equal to 0.25 for all countries. By comparing these two on average across the four pillars. The weights reflect the
sets of weights we see that, if countries are given the fact that countries tend to score, on average, better in the
“benefit-of-the-doubt” to choose the weights (and subject “Impact” and “Governance” pillars compared to the other
to reasonable restrictions), they place on average larger two. On the other hand, the equal NRI weights reflect a
weights to the “Impact” and the “Governance” pillars normative view of performance. In other words, they show
compared to the equal weighting scheme of the NRI, and “what should be” according to expert views. Equal weights
relatively smaller weights to the “Technology” and “People” reflect the views that adequate network readiness is
pillars. This does not mean that one of the weight sets achieved with a balanced performance across the different
should be preferred over another, but rather that the two dimensions ofnetworkreadiness

Table 8 Pillar weights in the NRI and DEA

Pillar
Technology People Governance Impact
Nominal NRI weights 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25
Average DEA weights 0,17 0,21 0,29 0,33
Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.
Note: The DEA results are based on the “Benefit-of-the Doubt” model, a special form of Data Envelopment Analysis. Weights are normalized by dividing with their sum for each country
and then averaged.

Figure 11 NRI 2024 scores and DEA “distance to the best-practice frontier” scores

1.0

DEA score
NRI (rescaled

0.8
NRI 2023 (rescaled) and DEA score

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

Countries/Economies

Source: European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2024.

Note: For comparison purposes, the NRI scores were rescaled by dividing them by the result of the best performer in the overall NRI 2024 (the United States).

263
Appendix III

Conclusions
The JRC statistical audit complements the extensive work
carried out by the developers of the NRI 2024 to suggest
improvements in terms of data characteristics, structure
and methods used. The analysis aims to ensure the
transparency of the index methodology and the reliability
of the results.

The NRI 2024 represents a sound index in terms of statistical

consistency and uncertainty in ranking. It demonstrates
that ICT deployment is a multifaceted phenomenon where
technology, users, and several aspects of ICT regulation
go hand in hand. The index framework underwent certain
changes where indicators have been removed or replaced
on the basis of their limited association with the concept
of digital and network readiness. These changes highlight
the developer’s determination in revising the index to keep
Photo by Google DeepMind up with current changes in the field of ICT deployment. The
data coverage of the framework is generally satisfactory.
Most indicators contain an acceptable level of missing
values. Nevertheless, four indicators are characterized
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The JRC statistical audit by a high presence of missing values, two of which are
well above the suggested exceptional limit of 40%. The
complements the extensive work developer’s approach is not to impute missing values,
carried out by the developers which is a common practice in relevant contexts and
of the NRI 2024 to suggest justified on grounds of transparency and replicability.
However, JRC-COIN suggests paying particular attention
improvements in terms of data to the aforementioned indicators in future editions of
characteristics, structure and the index and consider replacing them if improving their
country coverage proves difficult.
methods used. The analysis aims
to ensure the transparency of The index is statistically well balanced with respect
to its indicators, sub-pillars, and pillars. Correlations
the index methodology and the between each pillar and the respective sub-pillar are
reliability of the results. mostly significant and positive. Most of the indicators are
meaningfully correlated with the index and relative pillars.
JRC-COIN suggests that the developers keep monitoring
the performance of problematic indicators i.2.2.2 and
i.4.1.4 and, if possible, consider searching for alternative
indicators in future editions of the index, which would
improve the correlation structure within sub-pillars i2.2 and
i4.1. The very strong correlations between some NRI 2024
components and between the four pillars and the index
may be a sign of redundancy of information in the NRI
2023. This possibility is further confirmed by the analysis
of added value of the NRI 2024 rankings. The suggestion
is to use the index’s very stable and correlated structure to
explore and open up to the simplification of the framework
or to some even more specific aspects of the network
economy.

264
An analysis of the effect that changes in the NRI structure
(indicators removal and replacement) had on the References
correlation structure of the NRI revealed that the statistical
coherence of the index was not affected critically affected. Becker, W., G. Caperna, M. Del Sorbo, H. Norlén, E.
However, JRC-COIN suggests closely monitoring the Papadimitriou, and M. Saisana, (2022). COINr: An R
indicators within sub-pillar i.2.2. (and especially the newly package for developing composite indicators. Journal
added indicator i.2.2.2) since its correlation has relatively of Open Source Software, 7(78), 4567, https://doi.
weakened. Similarly, an assessment of changes in the org/10.21105/joss.04567
weights of four indicators in this edition of the NRI revealed
that they resulted in a relatively more balanced correlation Caperna, G., and M. Kovacic. (2022). JRC Statistical
structure within sub-pillar 4.1. Audit of the 2022 Network Readiness Index.
JRC131574.
Finally, JRC-COIN analysed the robustness of the index with
respect to the selected weights and aggregation formula Charnes, A., W.W. Cooper, and e. Rhodes. (1978).
at pillar level. The results of the uncertainty analysis show Measuring the efficiency of decision-making units.
that NRI 2024 is a reliable summary measure and that the European Journal of Operational Research, 2, 429–444.
majority of the country rankings are robust to changes in
modelling assumptions. The rankings of a limited number Cherchye, L., W. Moesen, N. Rogge, T. Van Puyenbroeck,
of countries should however interpreted with some caution. M. Saisana, M. et al. (2008). Creating composite
indicators with DEA and robustness analysis: The case
All things considered, the present JRC-COIN audit of the Technology Achievement Index. Journal of
findings confirm that the NRI 2024 is a reliable tool with Operational Research Society, 59, 239–51.
a statistically coherent framework and acknowledge the
important efforts made by the developers’ team this year to Groeneveld, R. A. and G. Meeden. (1984). Measuring
adjust and improve its conceptual structure. The suggestion Skewness and Kurtosis. The Statistician 33: 391–99.
is to open up the discussion for a further refinement which
will also be based on the grounds of further improving OECD/EC JRC (Organisation for Economic Co-
statistical coherence by reducing the risk of redundancy. operation and Development/European Commission,
Joint Research Centre). (2008). Handbook on
Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and
User Guide. Paris: OECD.

Ravanos, P., Kovacic, M., and G. Caperna. (2023). JRC

Statistical Audit of the 2023 Network Readiness Index.
JRC135847.

Saisana, M., B. D’Hombres, and A. Saltelli. (2011).

‘Rickety Numbers: Volatility of University Rankings and
Policy Implications’. Research Policy 40: 165–77.

Saisana, M., A. Saltelli, and S. Tarantola. (2005).

‘Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis Techniques as
Tools for the Analysis and Validation of Composite
Indicators’. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society A
168 (2): 307–23.

Van Puyenbroeck, T., Montalto, V. and Saisana, M.

(2021) Benchmarking culture in Europe: A data
envelopment analysis approach to identify city-
specific strengths. European Journal of Operational
Research 288 (2), 584-597.

Photo by Google DeepMind

265
Appendix III

About Portulans
Institute
Co-founded in 2019 by Soumitra Dutta and Bruno Lanvin,
the Portulans Institute (PI) is an independent nonprofit,
nonpartisan research and educational institute based in
Washington DC.

Our Mission
Portulans Institute’s areas of expertise include technology
competitiveness, innovation readiness, and people and
global talent. Our mission includes:

• To develop cross-community knowledge and dialogue

on how people, technology, and innovation contribute to
sustainable and inclusive growth.
• To inform policymakers by producing independent,
data-based research.
• To collaborate with private sector leaders in driving a
The Network Readiness Index 2024

The Portulans Institute aims to business agenda that invests in people, technology and
innovation.
provide them with the best available • To host and co-organize events and conferences on
data and analysis, and the directions the above issues affecting human-centric sustainable
that they need. This is why our logo economic prosperity.

combines a compass and pi, which is Where Our Name and Logo Come From
not only a powerful number found in
Portulans (or portolans) are ancient nautical maps, first
geometry, algebra, physics, and arts, made in the 13th century in the Mediterranean basin and
but also an infinite series of digits, later expanded to include other regions. The word portolan
comes from the Italian portulano, meaning “related to
with no pre-written rule telling us ports or harbors,” and which since at least the 17th century
what the next one might be. designates “a collection of sailing directions,” In these maps,
only a few harbors were visible, and much of the coastlines
were hypothetical.

This is how we see our mission: In an uncertain world, much

is yet to be explored, and many opportunities have yet
to be identified. Like the navigators of the 16th century,
modern leaders have to make decisions on the basis of
imperfect information and incomplete maps.

The Portulans Institute aims to provide them with the best

available data and analysis, and the directions that they
need. This is why our logo combines a compass and pi,
which is not only a powerful number found in geometry,
algebra, physics, and arts, but also an infinite series of
digits, with no pre-written rule telling us what the next one
might be.

Learn more at:

www.portulansinstitute.org and
www.networkreadinessindex.org

266
 About Saïd Business
School, University of
Oxford
We aspire to be a world-class business school community,
embedded in this world-class University, tackling world-scale
problems.

The talents and efforts of our faculty, students, alumni

and staff have translated into accomplishments that
demonstrate that we are achieving our aim. The people
at Oxford Saïd are exceptional, not only as measured
conventionally but in the depth of their character. Our
ideas, produced through rigorous research, are measurably
Photo by Tiffany Jae changing the way leaders think and act, and in so doing,
helping make businesses more effective and principled. By
bringing young and experienced leaders to Oxford Saïd,
whether as undergraduates or MBAs, or as CEOs or Nobel
We educate people for successful laureates, we are at the centre of the most important issues
of the day.
business careers and, as a
community, we seek to harness our Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford blends the
collective expertise and knowledge best of new and old.

to help solve pressing global issues We educate people for successful business careers and, as
such as demographic change, a community, we seek to harness our collective expertise
and knowledge to help solve pressing global issues such
natural resource scarcity and as demographic change, natural resource scarcity and
technological challenges. technological challenges.

267
Appendix III

About Brazilian
National Confederation
of Industry (CNI)
The Brazilian National Confederation of Industry (CNI) is
the main representative institution of Brazilian industry. It
serves as the apex body within the industrial trade union
system and, since its foundation in 1938, it has defended
the interests of the national industry. It also acts as the main
interlocutor with the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary,
besides several entities and organizations in Brazil and
abroad.

It represents 27 state federations of industry and 1.306

Photo by Draga Work on Unsplash trade unions, to which around 900 thousand industries
are affiliated. It is directly in charge of the Social Service of
Industry (SESI), the National Service of Industrial Training
(SENAI) and Euvaldo Lodi Institute (IEL). Together, these
The Network Readiness Index 2024

CNI has played a leading role in three organizations form the Industry System, which yet
assembles the state-level industry federations and trade
society, promoting debate, and unions.
building consensus on key national
issues. Especially concerning those Since its establishment, CNI has played a leading role in
society, promoting debate, and building consensus on key
matters that have strong influence national issues. Especially concerning those matters that
on the development of Brazilian have strong influence on the development of Brazilian
industry and economy, such as the digital transformation.
industry and economy, such as the
digital transformation. In addition, CNI promotes national industry research,
innovation, and technological development. Moreover, it
supports initiatives that promote the self-recognition, social
development, and professional training of the worker.

These actions are based on studies, technical researches,

consultations and constant dialogues with industry
federations and trade unions, national sectoral associations,
forums, and business councils.

268
About AWS

Since 2006, Amazon Web Services (AWS) has been the

world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted
cloud. AWS has been continually expanding its services
to support virtually any workload, and it now has more
than 240 fully featured services for compute, storage,
databases, networking, analytics, machine learning and
artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), mobile,
security, hybrid, virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR),
media, and application development, deployment, and
management. These services are offered in 102 Availability
Zones within 32 geographic regions, with announced plans
for 15 more Availability Zones and five more AWS Regions
in Canada, Germany, Malaysia, New Zealand, and Thailand.
Millions of customers—including the fastest-growing
startups, largest enterprises, and leading government Photo by AWS

agencies—trust AWS to power their infrastructure, become

more agile, and lower costs.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) has been

the world’s most comprehensive and
broadly adopted cloud. AWS has been
continually expanding its services
to support virtually any workload,
and it now has more than 240 fully
featured services for compute, storage,
databases, networking, analytics,
machine learning and artificial
intelligence (AI), Internet of Things
(IoT), mobile, security, hybrid, virtual
and augmented reality (VR and AR),
media, and application development,
deployment, and management.

269
 The Network Readiness Index 2024 Country/Economy
The NRI 2024
Profiles
Team

270270
The NRI 2024 Team
The NRI 2024
Core Team

Bruno Lanvin William Dutton

Co-editor and Co-author Director, Portulans Institute

Bruno Lanvin is a co-founder and Bill Dutton is an Oxford Martin Fellow,

Senior Advisor of Portulans Institute. supporting the Global Cyber Security
He is also co-editor of the Global Capacity Centre of the Department
Soumitra Dutta Innovation Index (GII) published of Computer Science, and a Senior
Co-editor and Co-author in partnership with the World Fellow at the Oxford Internet Institute,
Intellectual Property Organization - at the University of Oxford. He is also
Soumitra Dutta is co-founder and WIPO. a Visiting Professor in Media and
President of Portulans Institute. He Communication at the University of
is also the founder and co-editor Bruno is a Distinguished Fellow at Leeds.
of the Global Innovation Index INSEAD and the President of IMD’s
(GII) published in partnership with Smart City Observatory. Initially a Until 2018, Bill was the Quello
the World Intellectual Property mathematician and a specialist of Professor of Media and Information
Organization - WIPO. Since 1 June international trade, his research Policy at Michigan State University,
2022 Soumitra is the dean of Saïd and publications have focused on where he was Director of the Quello
Business School at the University of information technology, innovation Center. Prior to that, he was the
Oxford. and talent strategies. He has over OII’s Founding Director (2002-11),
forty years of experience in advising a Fellow of Balliol College and the
Previously, he was a Professor governments and large corporations, first Professor of Internet Studies at
of Management and the former including twenty years at the United Oxford University (2002-2014). Before
founding dean of the Cornell SC Nations and ten at the World Bank. his appointment to Oxford in 2002,
Johnson College of Business. Prior he was a Professor in the Annenberg
to joining Cornell in 2012, he was on Since 2001, Bruno Lanvin has been School for Communication at the
the faculty and leadership team of co-authoring The Global Information University of Southern California,
INSEAD. Prof. Dutta is an authority Technology Report (NRI), the Global where he continues as an Emeritus
on technology and innovation Innovation Index Report (GII), and Professor. While at USC, Bill was a
policy and has engaged in a number the Global Talent Competitiveness Fulbright Scholar 1986-87 at Brunel,
of multi-stakeholder initiatives to Index (GTCI), the Smart City Index UK, and was National Director of the
shape global, regional, and industry Report, and of the award-winning UK’s Programme on Information and
agendas. book ‘Sixteen Shades of Smart’. His Communication Technologies (PICT)
latest book ‘The Future is Young’ was from 1993 to 1996, also at Brunel.
He is the co-editor and author of published in July 2022.
The Global Information Technology His recent publications on the
Report, published by the World A frequent speaker at high-level social aspects of information and
Economic Forum. Mr. Dutta is on the meetings, he has been a member communication technologies include
global boards of Sodexo and Dassault of numerous boards for many Society on the Line (Oxford University
Systèmes and is a member of the years, including those of ICANN, Press, 1999), Transforming Enterprise,
Shareholder Council of Chicago- IDA-Infocomm, GovTech, IP-Watch, co-edited (MIT Press, 2005), World
based ZS Associates. He serves on the AAID, Kazakhstan’s Presidential Wide Research: Reshaping the Sciences
advisory boards of several business Board on ICT Strategy, and the Bin and Humanities, co-edited with P.
schools, including HEC, Montreal; Rashid Foundation for Government Jeffreys (MIT Press, 2011), the Oxford
ESADE, Barcelona; and ESCP, Paris. He Innovation. Handbook of Internet Studies (OUP,
has co-founded two firms, including 2013), Society and the Internet, 2nd
Fisheye Analytics, which WPP group Edition, co-edited with Mark Graham
acquired. He is currently Chair of (OUP 2019), and editor of A Research
the Board of Directors of the Global Agenda for Digital Politics (Elgar 2020
Business School Network. forthcoming). He is currently writing a
book on the Fifth Estate. 271
The NRI 2024 Team

Rafael Escalona Reynoso Mariam Chaduneli Sylvie Antal

CEO, Portulans Institute Lead Project Manager Digital Strategy Manager

Rafael Escalona Reynoso has been Mariam Chaduneli is a Policy Research Sylvie is a Policy Research and
Senior Research Associate and Data and Management Associate who Communications Associate with prior
Scientist for Portulans Institute since has worked extensively on research experience in digital privacy issues
2020. Before joining the Portulans and policy analysis in the area of relating to minors and vulnerable
Team he was the Lead Researcher at technology policy, emerging threats populations, as well as in consumer
The Global Innovation Index (GII) from and digital rights. education and technology for
2013 to 2020. international development. She is an
Mariam is in charge of monitoring advocate for ethical, inclusive, and
His previous professional experience relevant national and international innovative solutions and policies that
was as a member of the Trade and policy developments and producing make digital experiences safer and
Foreign Investment Advisory Board research relating to digital policy, more effective for all populations.
The Network Readiness Index 2024

at the office of the President of innovation readiness, and digital

Mexico and as Economic, Science transformation. She is also responsible At PI, she is responsible for
and Technology Policy Advisor to the for coordinating long-term research monitoring relevant policy
Senate of Mexico (LVIII Legislature). projects, communications, and developments, assisting with
As part of the congressional advisory administrative work across key focus research, developing communication
group, he led research on the areas for PI. She is the lead project strategy and content, and
economic effects of international manager for the Network Readiness coordinating the Fellowship program.
biosafety regulations on Mexico’s Index (NRI) published in partnership
basic research, industry, and trade with Saïd Business School, University Sylvie holds a bachelor’s degree
and directed comparative analyses of Oxford. in information science from the
on international food and drug safety University of Michigan’s School
policies and regulations. Mariam has a master’s degree in of Information, where she was a
Innovation, Technology, and the Law member of Tech for Social Good,
His research experience at Cornell from the University of Edinburgh and a master’s degree in Human-
University includes comparative focusing on the interplay of law, Computer Interaction. Prior to
studies between Mexico and Spain’s technology, and human rights. Prior joining Portulans, she interned at
National Systems of Innovation to obtaining the UK Government’s the US Federal Communications
and regulatory aspects of modern Chevening Scholarship for her master’s Commission, and the Family Online
biotechnology and the biosafety studies, she was a Chief Project Safety Institute in Washington DC.
of genetically modified organisms Manager in the Ministry of Internal
(GMOs), and on the reach and scope Affairs of Georgia where she gained
of intellectual property rights (IPRs) hands-on experience initiating and
in the information technologies era. managing international projects with
He holds a PhD in Regional Planning public and private sector organizations
with concentrations on Science and operating on a national, regional
Technology Studies and Risk Analysis, and international level. She is also
Communication, and Policy and a the co-founder of Lawformer, a legal
Master of Public Administration with a technology platform that simplifies
concentration in Science, Technology, routine legal tasks for lawyers and law
and Infrastructure Policy from Cornell students.
University. He also holds a Bachelor of
Arts in Economics from Universidad
Panamericana in Mexico.

272
 Shailja Bang Abdellah Bouhamidi Rajat Kumar
Head of Research Data Scientist Research Assistant

Shailja Bang Shah is a Thematic Analytics consultant, founder of Rajat Kumar is a digital transformation
Research Analyst and has experience Science Data Value Ltd., a consulting and innovation management
in leading and managing Composite practice focused on providing specialist who has worked extensively
Index projects. At Portulans Institute, expertise in data management, on policy research, digital rights, and
she is responsible for project aggregation and analytics, and sustainable development initiatives
management, research, policy on developing, delivering and across South Asia. Rajat specialises in
analysis, and communications integrating solutions to capture developing and implementing digital
support for an upcoming data and produce actionable transformation strategies, managing
composite index in association insights in relation to growth and innovation programs, and conducting
with VinUniversity. She is also the markets; organizational excellence policy research. He is currently a
Co-Author and Lead Researcher for and engagement; risk analysis and Policy Research Associate at the
the Emerging Markets Economic management; and sustainable Portulans Institute.
Growth and ESG (EMI D-ESG) Country impact.
Ranking, a composite index published As an independent consultant, he
and created by the Emerging Markets With a background in Operations leads strategic projects catalysing
Institute (EMI) at Cornell SC Johnson Research, an MBA from Cornell digital innovation ecosystems across
College of Business. University, and more than eight the Global South, collaborating
years of hands-on experience in with international organisations,
Previously, she has worked with digital transformation, analytics and government bodies, and civil society
J.P. Morgan in geopolitical and big data, Abdellah has helped 25 organisations. His work involves
macroeconomic research, where she organizations across 12 industries find analysing policy frameworks,
covered market-moving events like and activate levers for growth and assessing digital readiness, and
the implications of the COVID-19 sustainable ROI. designing intervention strategies for
pandemic, the consequences of sustainable digital transformation.
unconventional monetary policy,
outlook for the 2020 US elections, Rajat is pursuing advanced studies
and the evolving U.S.-China trade in Management and Innovation,
tensions. building on his previous degrees
in Psychology, and Sustainable
She is a qualified Chartered Development. Prior to his current
Accountant (India) with a bachelor’s role, he led digital transformation at
in commerce from the Narsee the Friedrich Naumann Foundation,
Monjee College of Commerce and where he led the organisation’s
Economics (University of Mumbai). technology portfolio across South
She is a partner at Imperium Partners, Asia. His experience spans over a
a research firm which specializes in decade, managing complex digital
Thematic Research. transformation projects, overseeing
substantial program budgets, and
developing strategic partnerships
with key stakeholders in the
technology, rights and innovation
sectors.

273
The NRI 2024 Team

Our Technical
development of the professional began his career at the World Bank
services business, particularly in the and also worked at the US Federal

Advisory Board
public sector, before moving into Trade Commission. He serves as a
private consulting in 2024. technical advisor to the Network

(2024)
Readiness Index, on the advisory
Chris is married to Gagan Sansoha, council of the Connect Humanity
a Canadian biomedical scientist and Fund, has co-authored several reports
they enjoy spending their free time on technology and development and
walking their golden retriever Lockie presented around the world on efforts
on the beautiful hills and coastline of to close the digital divide.
Edinburgh in Scotland where they live.

Chris Ferguson
Technical Advisor

Chris Ferguson is one of the original Elena Kvochko

senior management team that built Technical Advisor
the UK’s Government Digital Service John Garrity
(GDS) from 2011 onwards. Chris was Technical Advisor Elena Kvochko is Chief Trust Officer
The Network Readiness Index 2024

brought in to establish the Identity working in the field of cybersecurity

Assurance Programme and was John Garrity is Chief of Party for and started with SAP in 2020. She
involved in the development of GDS’s USAID/Philippines’ Better Access and is a former COO of cybersecurity
first wave of products and services, Connectivity (BEACON) activity, a technologies at Bank of America,
from GOV.UK to the Digital Service USD 33m USAID program to improve CISSP, CEH. She also served as a
Standards and IT Spend Controls. digital connectivity infrastructure, technology, cybersecurity, and
In January 2015, Chris became the the ICT enabling environment, business operations executive.
Director responsible for the formation and cybersecurity capacity in the Kvochko is a Certified Information
and leadership of the GDS Digital Philippines. His background is as Security Professional (CISSP) and
Group comprising GOV.UK, GOV.UK an economist, policy advisor and Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH). She
Verify, the Government-as-a-Platform project manager with twenty years was named one of the Top 100 CIOs
Programme and the Service Design of experience working on economic and is a member of the Wall Street
Team. development issues in the public Journal CIO Council. Kvochko was
sector at the state, federal and named one of Fortune magazine’s
In his time at GDS, Chris was the international levels, and in the private Most Powerful Women International,
Chair of the cross-government sector. His focus is on digital inclusion one of the “Leading CIOs Who Happen
Digital Leaders network and Head programs, universal access policy and to Be Female” by CIO Magazine, and
of the Digital Profession across HM last-mile connectivity deployments Business Role Model of the Year by
Government. In March 2021, Chris to foster effective universal Internet Women in IT. She is also a published
was appointed to be the Chair of adoption for inclusive growth and author and an inventor with patents
cross-government COVID-19 Digital poverty alleviation. pending in security, privacy, and
Taskforce as the pandemic took digital payments technology.
hold, tasked with delivering targeted Previously, he was an independent
support to departments, coordinating consultant to public sector and
cross-government efforts and liaising private sector organizations on digital
with industry. infrastructure development, including
the Asian Development Bank, UNDP
Chris has previously worked for and Philippines, the UN Broadband
alongside several other Government Commission, the UN ITU, UNICEF,
departments, including the Home UNESCAP, among others. He was
Office, where his roles focused mainly Senior Connectivity Advisor in the US
on counter-terrorism and national Global Development Lab at USAID and
security in the UK and overseas. before that spent ten years at Cisco,
In October 2021, Chris became in emerging market strategy and
the Managing Director of Scott global technology policy/government
274 Logic where he led the growth and affairs based in Washington, D.C. He
 evaluation through counterfactual
methods. In her 25 years of work at
the JRC, she has contributed to EU
policy formulation and legislation
in a wide range of areas from social
rights and fairness to innovation and
competitiveness, from enterprises and
firms to state aid, from employment to
culture and creativity, from cohesion
Irene Mia to sustainable development. She
Technical Advisor has been working at the JRC since
1998, where she obtained a prize
Dr Mia is an experienced professional as ‘best young JRC scientist of the
(economist by training) with a year’ in 2004, and together with her
successful 20 year track-record in team she won the ‘JRC policy impact
economic and policy research and award’ for the Social Scoreboard of
on engaging with policy-makers and the European Pillar of Social Rights in
senior corporate leaders. Dr Mia has 2018. Both prizes were awarded by EU
expertise in managing large teams Commissioners. She collaborates, by
with proven strategic, financial, auditing performance indices, with over
planning and team building skills. 150 international organisations and
Dr Mia holds a PHD in International world-class universities, including the
Economic and Trade Law from United Nations, the OECD, Transparency
L. Bocconi University and MA in International, Oxfam, the World
Latin American studies from the Economic Forum, INSEAD, the World
Institute for Latin American Studies, Intellectual Property Organization, Yale
London University. Before her recent University, Columbia University, and
appointment as Senior Fellow for Harvard University.
Latin America at the International
Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), Dr Michaela has given hundreds of
Mia was the Global Editorial Director lectures around the world, including a
for Thought Leadership at Economist TEDx-talk. She is a highly cited scientist
Group, Economist Intelligence Unit. with over 23,000 citations in Scholar
Google, and co-author/co-editor of
three books: 2021 Data science for
economics and finance: Methodologies
and applications (Springer Nature),
2008 OECD/JRC Handbook on
Constructing Composite Indicators,
2008 Global Sensitivity Analysis-The
Primer (Wiley).

Michaela Saisana
Technical Advisor

Michaela Saisana is Head of the Unit

“Science for Modelling, Monitoring
and Evaluation” at the European
Commission’s Joint Research Centre
(JRC) in Italy. She oversees the
activities of 60 scientists working
on country benchmarking and
performance monitoring through
composite indicators and scoreboards,
survey methods and questionnaire
design, quality assurance of models,
multi-criteria decision analysis for EU
impact assessments, and on EU policy 275
The NRI 2024 Team

Advisory Board
(2024)

Diego Molano
Advisor

Diego Molano is an international

Tawfik Jelassi consultant on digital transformation
Advisor of companies and governments.
He was the minister of information
Dr. Tawfik Jelassi was appointed and communication technologies
Hessa Al-Jaber UNESCO Assistant Director-General (ICT) of Colombia from 2010 to
Advisor for Communication and Information 2015. He transformed his country
on 1st July 2021. In this position, he with his policy plan “Vive Digital,”
Dr. Hessa Al-Jaber is the chairperson is responsible for the Organization’s which aims to reduce poverty
of Trio Investment, a technology programmes on building inclusive and create jobs using technology.
investment company that invests in knowledge societies, leading digital Mr. Molano has a long career
innovative technology that addresses transformation, strategizing the role in the technology industry and
some of the most pressing health of ICT in education, and fostering has had responsibilities in more
The Network Readiness Index 2024

problems in the MENA region. As freedom of expression. than 20 countries. He has been a
an expert in technology, media, board member of international
and telecom practice, her focus is Dr. Jelassi holds a Ph.D. doctorate in organizations and corporations in the
the impact of a digital economy in information systems from New York telecommunications, TV, radio, and
productivity and competitiveness. University (USA) and postgraduate postal services sectors. He is currently
Dr. Hessa was the former and the diplomas from the University of senior advisor to the Inter-American
first-ever Minister of Information and Paris Dauphine (France). Dr. Jelassi Development Bank, senior advisor
Communication Technology in Qatar. has extensive experience in higher to McKinsey & Co. in Washington DC.
Prior to becoming a minister, Dr. education, scientific research, and Mr. Molano is an electronics engineer
Hessa held the position of Secretary information & communication and economist from Xavier University
General of the Supreme Council of technologies. He held academic, in Colombia and holds an MBA from
Information and Communication corporate and government leadership IMD in Switzerland.
Technology since its inception in 2005. positions in Europe, the USA, and
Dr. Al Jaber was a member of United Tunisia.
Nations ITU Broadband Commission
for Sustainable development and a Among others, he was Programme
member at the Network of Global Director and Professor of Strategy
Agenda Councils of the World and Technology Management at
Economic Forum (WEF). Dr. Al Jaber IMD Business School in Lausanne
is currently the Chairperson of Qatar (Switzerland, 2015 – June 2021).
Satellite Company, and Malomatia, Prior to that, he served as Minister of
in addition to being a member of Higher education, Scientific Research
several boards including Volkswagen and Information & Communication
(AG) Supervisory Board in Germany, Technologies in the democratic
Qatar University’s Board of Regents, transition government of Tunisia
Qatar Museums Authority’s Board. Dr. (2014 – 2015). Prior appointments
Hessa holds a Bachelor of Science in included being Chairman of the Board
Engineering from Kuwait University, of Directors of Ooredoo Telecom
and a Master’s Degree and Ph.D in Tunisia, Dean at Ecole Nationale
in Computer Science from George des Ponts et Chaussées (Paris),
Washington University, Washington, and Professor & Chairman of the
DC. Technology Management Department
at INSEAD (Fontainebleau).

276
 Mona Abou Hana Osman Sultan Jacques Bughin
Advisor Advisor Advisor

Mona is PwC Middle East Chief Osman Sultan brings 35 years of Jacques is currently teaching business
People Officer and a member of the leadership, rich with achievements strategy and an investor and board
leadership team, responsible for in the telecom sector. His vast member in a variety of ventures.
formulating and delivering the firm’s knowledge and expertise in the field Dr. Jacques Bughin was a director
people strategy. She is also a partner as early as the pre-Internet period in McKinsey’s Brussels office and
in PWC’s consulting practice working placed him as one of the pioneers supported clients in their Media &
with governments and the public in Europe, the US, Japan, and the Entertainment, Corporate Finance,
sector. She specialises in strategy entire MENA region. His distinguished and Strategy Practices, in addition
and policy formulation and focuses achievements ranked him as one of to co-leading the Digital Economy
on national planning, innovation & the most powerful executives in the Initiative. He also acted as director of
entrepreneurship ecosystems as well worldwide telecom industry twice on the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI),
as upskilling strategies to ready the the “GTBPower100 List” in both 2010 the firm’s business and economics
workforce for the digital world. Mona and 2011. research arm. He worked for McKinsey
also leads PwC Middle East Digital for 28 years. Prior to joining McKinsey,
Upskilling Program. Mona holds a Sultan has developed several Jacques was a consultant with Arthur
BA in Economics from the American strategies that helped produce the Andersen Consulting and received
University of Beirut and MBA from profound transformations that the a PhD in economics, operations
INSEAD. She is fluent in English, telecom and information sectors have research, and strategy from Université
Arabic and French. Some of her been creating in our lives. Sultan has Catholique de Louvain in Belgium.
publications include: been a board member for various
institutions in the telecom industry, Jacques has led numerous research
Building the Data Economies of the Future: Tomorrow’s
Data Economies Shaped by the Youth of Today. Inspire technology space, and academic efforts on global economic trends
and Orchestrate: Innovation-Driven Government;
Innovation in the UAE: From First Foundations to world. incl. the advisory board of the such as globalization, productivity,
“Beyond Oil”; Middle East & North Africa Talent Mohammed bin Rashid School of and inclusive growth, as well as on the
Competitiveness Index
Communications (MBRSC), the Global impact, opportunities, and challenges
Blockchain Advisory Council of the WEF, of technology including big data, the
the Board of Endeavor UAE, and many future of work and skills, and AI. He
others. His latest book ‘The Future is has authored 50+ articles published
Young’ was published in July 2022. in titles including Harvard Business
Review, and Sloan Management
Review, as well as in academic
journals and is quoted regularly in
leading international media.

277
The NRI 2024 Team

media and satellite sectors. He led experience in the global IT sector,

end-to-end multinational teams in international business, and corporate
long-term, large-scale privatizations, restructuring, with a background in
international expansion, mergers strategic planning, international sales
and acquisitions, growth acceleration and marketing, and finance. Ms. St.
and strategy-based transformation Amour has served on a number of
programs. international boards.

He is a visiting professor in
Karim Michel Sabbagh Technology and Innovation
Advisor Management and member of the
Academic Council for Écoles des Ponts
Karim Michel Sabbagh led global Business School in France. He holds
technology-centric businesses an MS in Technology Management
as CEO, investor and advisor from Columbia University (New
covering space-based multi-orbit York), a DBA in International Business
communication networks, terrestrial Management from the International
communication networks, ultra- School of Management (Paris), and Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås
secure communications, cyber an MBA and BBA from the American Advisor
security, digital transformation, AI and University of Beirut.
applied analytics. He is presently the Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås is a Senior
Managing Director of E-Space & Lead Associate with the Council on
for Europe and the Middle East. Economic Policies. She also holds
The Network Readiness Index 2024

a position as visiting professor at

Prior, he was the CEO of the Örebro University in Sweden. Prior
DarkMatter Group where he led the to that she was leading the OECD’s
restructuring of the company and work on services trade policy analysis,
oversaw its holistic transformation developing the Services Trade
from a fluid start-up to a leading and Restrictiveness Indices and database
highly influential firm with a focus on and related analytical activities
digital transformation and applied Lynn St. Amour (2005-2019). She also spent two years
analytics, cyber security and ultra- Advisor at the research department at the
secure communications. WTO (2002-2004).
Lynn St. Amour is President and
This successful trajectory led to CEO of Internet Matters, an Internet Before joining international
multiple private equity buyouts in consulting company, and is active organizations, Hildegunn conducted
2019.Karim was also the President in matters of Internet development research, teaching, policy analysis,
and CEO of SES (Société Européenne and governance. She served as the and policy advice at Norwegian
des Satellites), the world-leading UN Internet Governance Forum – and South African universities and
satellite operator. He led the Multistakeholder Advisory Group research institutes. She spent one
strategy-based transformation of (IGF-MAG) Chair (2016 – 2019). From year as a visiting scholar at Stanford
SES, overseeing the evolution of the 2001 to 2014, she was President and University, USA. She also led a
company’s strategy and execution CEO of the Internet Society (ISOC), long-term project providing technical
and its elevation to become the a global non-profit organization assistance on macroeconomic
leading provider of satellite-enabled dedicated to the open development, modelling and policy analysis to the
communications solutions in the evolution, and use of the Internet. Tanzanian government.
video, fixed data, mobility, and She joined the Internet Society in
government markets. Over the course 1998 as Executive Director of its Hildegunn holds a PhD in economics
of the transformation, SES rose to the Europe, Middle East, and Africa from the University of Bergen,
no.1 position globally. operations, after previously holding Norway. Her research interest lies
senior positions in Europe and the at the interface between digital
He also served as a Senior Partner United States with AT&T and Digital technology, services trade, and jobs in
and global practice leader for Equipment Corporation. She is the services sectors; areas where she
communications, media & technology Co-Chair, World Economic Forum, has published extensively.
at Booz&Co (previously Booz Allen Digital Economy and Society Systems
Hamilton). At Board and CEO Initiative.
levels, he has shaped and served
the strategic agenda of global She is a graduate of the University
278 players in the communications, of Vermont and has extensive
Endnotes
1 Groeneveld, R. A. and Meeden, G., ‘Measuring Skewness and Kur- 7 Azerbaijan, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, Denmark, El Salvador, Estonia,
tosis’, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series D, vol. 33, pp. Finland, Guatemala, Ireland, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lesotho,
391–399, 1984. Lithuania, Malaysia, Malawi, Moldova, Philippines, Russia, Saudi
2 i1.2.1 GitHub commits, i1.3.3 Robot density, i4.3.4 SDG 7: Afford- Arabia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovenia, Thailand, Venezuela
able and Clean Energy, i1.2.2 Internet domain registrations, i2.1.5 8 Angola, Argentina, Benin, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, Croatia,
AI talent concentration, i3.3.4 Gender gap in Internet use, i4.1.4 Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Germany, Nepal,
ICT services exports, i4.1.1 ICT patent applications, i1.2.4 AI scien- Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Poland, Portugal,
tific publications, i2.2.2 Number of venture capital deals invested Senegal, Spain, Tanzania, Türkiye, Yemen
in AI. 9 Saisana, M., A. Saltelli, and S. Tarantola. 2005. ‘Uncertainty and Sen-
3 The statistical analysis in this audit has been performed with the sitivity Analysis Techniques as Tools for the Analysis and Validation
COINr tool. For more details, see: Becker et al., (2022). COINr: An of Composite Indicators’, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society A
R package for developing composite indicators. Journal of Open 168 (2): pp. 307–323.
Source Software, 7(78), 4567. 10 Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes, 1978; Cherchye et al., 2008; Van
4 OECD/EC JRC (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and De- Puyenbroeck et al., 2021.
velopment/European Commission, Joint Research Centre). 2008. 11 Amazon Web Services (AWS) is one of the Knowledge Partners of
Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology the NRI 2024.
and User Guide. Paris: OECD. 12 AWS Impact in Ireland,” Indecon International Economic Consul-
5 Saisana, M., B. D’Hombres, and A. Saltelli. 2011. ‘Rickety Numbers: tants, 2023.
Volatility of University Rankings and Policy Implications’. Research 13 AWS Impact Study Germany. The importance of AWS for the Ger-
Policy, 40: pp. 165–177; Saisana, M., A. Saltelli, and S. Tarantola. man Economy,” iWConsult, 2022
2005. ‘Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis Techniques as Tools for
14 The Contribution of Cloud to Economic Growth in the Middle East
the Analysis and Validation of Composite Indicators’, Journal of the
and North Africa,” Telecom Advisory Services LLC, 2023
Royal Statistical Society A 168 (2): pp. 307–323.
6 Albania, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Egypt, Ghana, Greece, Hungary,
India, Indonesia, Kenya, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Oman,
Romania, Senegal, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tunisia, Türkiye,
Uzbekistan

279
Country/Economy Profiles

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Country/Economy Profiles

About the Network Readiness Index

Published by Portulans Institute Origins: The Network Readiness Index inclusivity and impact on SDG goals
and Saïd Business School, University (NRI) was first published in 2002 and were included into the model. The
The Network Readiness Index 2024

of Oxford, the 2024 NRI is the sixth provided a holistic framework for NRI framework provides a simple
edition of a renewed NRI model, assessing the multi-faceted impact of yet holistic view of how economies
reflecting how technology and ICT on society and the development can leverage the power of digital
people need to be integrated within of nations. Until 2016, the NRI was technologies while building
an effective governance structure part of the Global Information sustainable and inclusive futures.
in order to have the right impact Technology Report (GITR) published
on our economy, society and the by the World Economic Forum (WEF),
environment. Multiple countries Cornell University, and INSEAD. The
use the NRI to design their digital NRI anticipated various aspects All editions of the NRI are available at
strategies, connecting Technology that would become critical in the www.networkreadinessindex.org
with People and Governance for following years. Early on, it identified
Impact. three essential stakeholders for © 2024 by Portulans Institute.
ICT: individuals/society, businesses,
The 2024 edition of the NRI is and governments, and it included ISBN: 979-8-89660-972-8
dedicated to the theme of Building elements of ICT application that were
a Digital Tomorrow: Public-Private novel for the time.
Investments and Global Collaboration
for Digital Readiness. It draws At a time when the primary concerns
attention to the role of PPPs in our in ICT revolved around infrastructure
increasingly interconnected world. issues, the NRI provided a forward-
looking and holistic perspective
Recognizing the pervasiveness on the application of ICT within
of digital technologies in today’s national economies. The NRI rapidly
networked world, the index is developed into a global benchmark
grounded in four fundamental for the application and utilization of
dimensions: Technology, People, ICT. Many economies utilized the NRI
Governance, and Impact. This to design their ICT strategies, and the
holistic approach means that the NRI was used and frequently quoted
NRI covers issues ranging from by leaders from the public and private
future technologies such as AI and sectors.
the Internet of Things to the role
of the digital economy in reaching In a major redesign of the NRI
the Sustainable Development Goals framework in 2019, current topical
(SDGs). concerns of trust, governance,

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