General Physics (II) 期中考 I Mar.

29, 2024
試卷請註明、姓名、班級、學號，請遵守考場秩序
I.計算題(52 points) (所有題目必須有計算過程,否則不予計分)
1. (16 pts) As shown in Fig. 1, a circular ring with radius 𝒂 and centered at (0,0,2ℎ) carries a
+𝜆0 0 < 𝜃 < 𝜋
non-uniform charge distribution as follows: 𝜆 𝜃 = ൜ .
−𝜆0 𝜋 < 𝜃 < 2𝜋
(A) (6 pts) Find the electric field 𝐸 = (𝐸𝑥 , 𝐸𝑦 , 𝐸𝑧 ) at point 𝑃 0,0, ℎ . Express all your answers,
including part (B)-(C) below, in terms of 𝒂, 𝒉, 𝝀𝟎 , and 𝜺𝟎 .
(B) (4 pts) Find the electric potential 𝑉 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑉 0,0, ℎ at point 𝑃.
(C) (6 pts) Find the electric potential 𝑉 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑉 0, Δ𝑦, ℎ at point 𝑃′ at
(0, Δ𝑦, ℎ , where Δ𝑦 ≪ 1. Express your answer in terms of 𝒂, 𝒉, 𝝀𝟎 , 𝜺𝟎 , and 𝜟𝒚.
𝟏 𝒄
(Hint: for Δ𝑦 ≪ 1, we can have Δ𝑦 2 ≈ 0 and ≈ 𝟏 + 𝟐 𝜟𝒚, where 𝑐 is a constant.)
𝟏−𝒄𝜟𝒚

r(r’) = r[1- r’2/a2]

𝑧 (0,0,2ℎ) 𝑉(V)
y cylinder y sphere
− − − + +
− 𝑎 + 4
− −
+ + + +
(0,0, ℎ)𝑃 𝑃′(0, Δ𝑦, ℎ) x a a x 𝑥(m)
𝑦
𝜃 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
𝑥
4a 4a −4
Fig. 1 Fig. 2(b)
Fig. 2(a) Fig. 3
2.(a) (6 pts) As shown in Fig. 2(a), there is a uniform volume charge distribution (ρ>0) in the
region of -2a ≤ x ≤ 2a and infinite in the y- and z-axes. Determine the magnitude and the
direction of the electric field on the x-axis, in the range 0≤x≤4a.
(b) (14 pts) As shown in Fig. 2(b), an infinitely long cylindrical (圓柱) section with the z-axis
as its central axis and with radius 2a is removed from the slab in Fig. 2(a). Besides, a sphere
of radius a locates at (a, 0, 0) with volume charge density of ρ[1-r’2/a2], where r’ is the
distance to the center of the sphere. Determine the magnitude and the direction of the
electric field at points P (a, 0, 0) and Q (4a, 0, 4a). (Use Gauss’s Law, draw the Gaussian
surfaces, and write down the answer in terms of ρ, a, and ε0.)
3. (16 pts) Some charges are distributed on three 𝑦𝑧-planes located at 𝑥 = −1 m, 𝑥 = 0 m, and
𝑥 = 2 m, creating an electric potential 𝑉(𝑥) as shown in Fig. 3.
(A) (4 points) Find the electric fields 𝐸 in the four regions: 𝑥 < −1 m, −1 m < 𝑥 < 0 m,
0 m < 𝑥 < 2 m, and 𝑥 > 2 m.
(B) (6 points) Find the surface charge densities, denoted 𝜎1 , 𝜎2 , and 𝜎3 , on the three 𝑦𝑧-planes
from left to right.
(C) (6 points) Now, a dielectric with dielectric constant 𝐾 = 4 is placed in the region 0m <
𝑥 < 1m. Find the induced surface charge density on the surface of the dielectric near 𝑥 =
1 m.
II.選擇題(50 points)
1. (5 pts) As shown in Fig. 4, two thin rods are bent into arcs of circles with radii R1 and R2 (with
a total subtended angle of 2θ1 and 2θ2) carrying uniform charge per unit length λ1 and λ2,
respectively. There two rods are positioned facing with each other. Given R1=2R2, θ1=60o and
θ2=30o, if a test charge placed at the origin O remains static, what is the ratio λ1/λ2?
(A)−√3Τ2 (B) +√3Τ4 (C) +1Τ√3 (D) −√2Τ2 (E) +2Τ√3 (F) +1Τ√2 (G) −1Τ√3
(H) +1Τ√3 (I) +√3Τ2 (J) +√2Τ2 (K) −2Τ√3
 𝑸 +Q y
R1 z + +
λ2
θ2 O θ1 x 𝐴+2 y +
θ2 θ1 𝑑 𝑑 − R + R
R2 x
x 𝐵− 𝐵 + +
λ1 +
Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8
2.(5pts)A point charge 𝑸 sits at the corner of a cube, as shown in Fig. 5. The electrical flux
𝑸
through the shaded surface is 𝑥 ∙ 𝜀 , What is the value of 𝑥 ?
0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (J) 0
2 3 6 12
18 24 30
3.(5pts) As shown in Fig. 6, a molecule consists of an 𝑨+𝟐 ion and two 𝑩− ions, with A+2
carrying +2𝑒 charge at the origin and one 𝑩− at (d,0,0) and the other 𝑩− at (0,d,0), d<<1. Both
𝑩− ions carries the same charge of –𝑒. A charge distribution is also present in the system and
𝟐𝝈
generates an electric potential distribution 𝑽 𝒙 = 𝜺 𝒙 − 𝟐 . Let ∆𝑈 = 𝑈 − 𝑈𝑚𝑖𝑛 be the
𝟎
difference between the current potential energy and the minimum potential energy 𝑈𝑚𝑖𝑛 of the
𝒆𝒅𝝈
dipole in the E-field due to 𝑽 𝒙 , and let 𝒘 = ∆𝑼/( 𝜺 ). Which of the following is correct?
𝟎
(A) 0 ≤ 𝑤 < 1 (B) 1 ≤ 𝑤 < 3 (C) 3 ≤ 𝑤 < 5 (D) 5 ≤ 𝑤 < 10 (E) 10 < 𝑤
4.(5pts) An isolated and conducting sphere of radius R carries charge Q shown in Fig. 7. Find the
capacitance and the electrostatic potential energy of the system. (capacitance ; electrostatic
potential energy )
𝑄2 𝑄2 𝑄2 𝑄2 𝑄2
(A) 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 ; 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅
(B) 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 ; 8𝜋𝜀 𝑅 (C) 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 ; 4𝜋𝜀 𝑅 (D) 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 ; 8𝜋𝜀 𝑅 (E) 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 ; 16𝜋𝜀 𝑅
0 0 0 0
𝑄2 𝑄2 𝑄2 𝑄2 𝑄2
(F) 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 ; (G) 8𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 ; 4𝜋𝜀 𝑅 (H) 8𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 ; 8𝜋𝜀 𝑅 (J) 8𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 ; 16𝜋𝜀 𝑅 (K) 8𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 ; 32𝜋𝜀 𝑅
32𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 0 0 0 0
5. (5pts) As shown in Fig. 8, a neutral (電中性) conducting sphere S1 of radius of 4R has a
spherical cavity with radius 2R inside. The center of S1 is located at the origin, and the center
of the cavity is at (-R,0,0). Another conduction sphere S2 with radius R and total charge Q
(Q>0), is placed at the center of the cavity. i.e. (-R,0,0), which of the follow is the electric
potential distribution along the x-axis.
(A) V (B) V (C) V (D) V

x x x x
-4R -2R R -4R -2R R 4R
-4R -2R R 4R -4R -2R R 4R 4R
-3R -3R -3R -3R
V V
(E) (F) Q
V
x x
-4R 4R -4R -2R R 4R −Q
Fig. 9
-3R
6. (5 pts) A charged parallel-plate capacitor remains connected to a battery and is pulled apart to a
larger separation as shown in Fig. 9, which of the following statements about the charge on the
plate Q, the voltage between the plates V, the energy stored in the capacitor UC, and the total
energy stored in the entire system Utot (the energy of the battery plus that of the capcitor) is
correct?
(A) Q ↑, V ↑, UC ↑, Utot ↑ (B) Q ↓, V ↓, UC ↓, Utot ↓
(C) Q ↑, V stays the same, UC ↑, Utot stays the same
(D) Q ↓, V stays the same, UC ↓, Utot stays the same
(E) Q ↑, V stays the same, UC ↑, Utot ↓ (F) Q ↓, V stays the same, UC ↓, Utot ↑
(G) Q stays the same, V ↑, UC ↑, Utot ↑ (H) Q stays the same, V ↓, UC ↓, Utot ↓
 Multiple Choice Questions:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

E G C D F F H F M C

11 12 13 14 15 16

F B H H E F
Solution:
(A)
𝑧 (0,0,2ℎ)
𝑟Ԧ = 0,0, ℎ
− − − + +
− + 𝑟′
Ԧ = 𝑎 cos 𝜃 , 𝑎 sin 𝜃 , 2ℎ
− − + 𝑟′′
Ԧ = −𝑎 cos 𝜃 , −𝑎 sin 𝜃 , −ℎ (2 pts)
+ + +
𝑟′
Ԧ 𝑃 𝑟Ԧ ′′ = 𝑎2 + ℎ2
(0,0, ℎ) 𝑟Ԧ 𝑦
寫錯一個-1

𝜃
𝑥
1 𝜆 𝜃 𝑑ℓ ′′
𝑑𝐸 = 𝑟Ƹ (1 pt)
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟Ԧ′′ 2
1 𝜆 𝜃 𝑎𝑑𝜃
= −𝑎 cos 𝜃 , −𝑎 sin 𝜃 , −ℎ
4𝜋𝜀0 2 2 32
𝑎 +ℎ
2𝜋
−1 𝑎2
𝐸𝑥 = 3න cos 𝜃 𝜆 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 0
4𝜋𝜀0
𝑎2 + ℎ 2 0
2

−1 𝑎2 2𝜋 −1 𝑎2 𝜆0 𝜋 2𝜋 −1 𝑎2 𝜆0
𝐸𝑦 = 3 ‫׬‬0 sin 𝜃 𝜆 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 3 ‫׬‬0 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 − ‫ 𝜋׬‬sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 3
4𝜋𝜀0 4𝜋𝜀0 𝜋𝜀0
𝑎2 +ℎ2 2 𝑎2 +ℎ2 2 𝑎2 +ℎ2 2

2𝜋
−1 𝑎ℎ
𝐸𝑧 = 3න 𝜆 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 0
4𝜋𝜀0 (3 pts)
𝑎2 + ℎ2 2 0
寫錯一個-1
(B)
2𝜋
1 𝜆 𝜃 𝑑ℓ
𝑉 0,0, ℎ = න (2 pt)
4𝜋𝜀0 0 𝑟Ԧ ′′
𝑎 2𝜋 𝜆 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
= ‫׬‬0 1 =0
4𝜋𝜀0
𝑎2 +ℎ2 2 (2 pt)

(C) 2𝜋
1 𝜆 𝜃 𝑑ℓ 𝑟Ԧ = 0, ∆𝑦, ℎ
𝑉 0, ∆𝑦, ℎ = න
4𝜋𝜀0 0 𝑟Ԧ ′′ 𝑟′
Ԧ = 𝑎 cos 𝜃 , 𝑎 sin 𝜃 , 2ℎ
𝑎 2𝜋
𝜆 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑟′′
Ԧ = −𝑎 cos 𝜃 , ∆𝑦 − 𝑎 sin 𝜃 , −ℎ
= න 1 (1 pt) 𝑟Ԧ ′′ = 𝑎2 + ℎ2 + ∆𝑦 2 − 2𝑎∆𝑦 sin 𝜃
4𝜋𝜀0 0
𝑎2 + ℎ2 + ∆𝑦 2 − 2𝑎∆𝑦 sin 𝜃 2

2𝜋 (1 pt)
𝑎 1 𝜆 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
= 1න
4𝜋𝜀0
𝑎2 + ℎ2 2 0 2𝑎 sin 𝜃
1
2
(1 pt) 𝑧 (0,0,2ℎ)
1− 2 ∆𝑦 − − − +
𝑎 + ℎ2
−
+
𝑎 1 2𝜋
𝑎 sin 𝜃 − − +
= + + + +
4𝜋𝜀0 1න 1+ 2
𝑎 + ℎ2
∆𝑦 𝜆 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 (1 pt)
𝑎2 + ℎ 2 0
2
𝑟′
Ԧ 𝑃′
1 𝑎2 ∆𝑦 2𝜋
1 𝑎 2 𝜆0 𝑟Ԧ (0, Δ𝑦, ℎ) 𝑦
= 3 න sin 𝜃 𝜆 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 3 ∆𝑦 (2 pt)
4𝜋𝜀0 𝜋𝜀0
𝑎2 + ℎ2 2 0 𝑎2 + 2
ℎ 2 𝜃
𝑥
 2. (a) (6 pts) As shown in Fig. 2(a), there is a uniform volume charge distribution (ρ >0) in the region -
2a≤x≤2a, and infinite in the y- and z-axes. Determine the magnitude and the direction of the electric field
on the x-axis, in the range 0≤x≤4a.
(b) (14 pts) As shown in Fig. 2(b), an infinitely long cylindrical (圓柱) section with the z-axis as its central
axis and with radius 2a in the charge distribution is removed from the above slab shown in Fig. 2(a).
Besides, a sphere of radius a locates at (a, 0, 0) with volume charge density of
ρ[1-r’2/a2], where r’ is the distance to the center of the sphere. Determine the magnitude and the direction
of the electric field at points P (a, 0, 0) and Q (4a, 0, 4a). (Use Gauss’s Law, draw the Gaussian surfaces,
and write down the answer in terms of ρ, a, and ε0.)
(a) 1 For 0≤x ≤2a (b) P (a, 0, 0) y
Qencl
 E  dA = 0 1
E ( x) E ( x) E ( x) E ( x)
r A2 x
2 EA = , 1
0 -ρ x
rx
E ( x) = xˆ
0 1
For 2a<x ≤4a Ec 2 rl =
1
(− r ) r 2l 1
ra 0
r A4a Es ( P ) = xˆ −rr −ra
2 EA = , 1 0 1E = Ec ( P) = (1, 0, 0)
E ( x) E ( x) 0 c
2 0 2 0
1
ra
r 2a E ( P) = Es ( P) + Ec ( P) + Esp ( P) = (1, 0, 0) 1
E ( x) = xˆ 2 0
1 0 1 Esp ( P) = 0 1
1 a r '2
 0 0
1 Esp 4 r 2 = r (1 − )4 r '2 dr '
Q (4a, 0, 4a) 1 Ec 2 rl = (− r ) (2a) 2
2
0 a
−2 r a 2 8r a 3
Ec (r ) = rˆ 1 =
1 15 1
-ρ  0r 0

−2 r a 2 −ra 2r a3
Ec (Q) = xˆ = xˆ Esp (r ) = rˆ 1
 0 4a 2 0 1 15 0 r 2
r = (4a, 0, 4a) − (a, 0, 0) = (3a, 0, 4a)
2r a
r a 1879 8 1 2r a 3 4 ra 2 8
E (Q) = Es (Q) + Ec (Q) + Esp (Q) = ( , 0, ) Esp (Q) = ( , 0, ) =
Es (Q) = xˆ  0 1250 1875 ( , 0, )
 375 0 5 5  0 625 1875 1
Solution:
(A) (4 points) The electric field 𝐸 in each region is as follows:

∆𝑉 +4
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝐸𝑥 = − =− = −4 ; 𝑥 < −1 4 0 2 4
∆𝑥 +1
∆𝑉 0
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝐸𝑥 = − =− = +0 ; −1 < 𝑥 < 0 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3
∆𝑥 +1
∆𝑉 −4 +1 each
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝐸𝑥 = − =− = +2 ; 0<𝑥<2
∆𝑥 +2
∆𝑉 −4
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝐸𝑥 = − =− = +4 ; 𝑥>2
∆𝑥 +1 𝜎1 𝜎2 𝜎3

(B) (6 points) The charge densities on the three planes can be obtained as follows:

𝐴𝜎1
𝑥𝑥 ර 𝐸 ∙ 𝑑 𝐴റ = 4𝐴 + 0 = 4𝐴 = ⇒ 𝜎1 = 4𝜖0
𝐴1 𝜖0
𝐴𝜎2
𝑥𝑥 ර 𝐸 ∙ 𝑑 𝐴റ = 0 + 2𝐴 = 2𝐴 = ⇒ 𝜎2 = 2𝜖0 +2 each
𝐴2 𝜖0
𝐴𝜎3
𝑥𝑥 ර 𝐸 ∙ 𝑑 𝐴റ = −2𝐴 + 4𝐴 = 2𝐴 = ⇒ 𝜎3 = 2𝜖0
𝐴3 𝜖0
 𝐾=4

4 0 0.5 +2 2 4

𝐴 𝐴′

−𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑑 +𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑑
𝜎1 = 4𝜖0 𝜎2 = 2𝜖0 𝜎3 = 2𝜖0
+2

(C) (6 points) The induced surface charge density on the right side of the dielectric is +𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑑 :

𝐴(𝜎2 − 𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑑 )
𝑥𝑥 ර 𝐸 ∙ 𝑑 𝐴റ = 0 + 0.5𝐴 = 0.5𝐴 = ⇒ 𝜎2 − 𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 0.5𝜖0 ⇒ 𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 1.5𝜖0
𝐴 𝜖0

(C) or, +2

𝐴𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑑
𝑥𝑥 ර 𝐸 ∙ 𝑑 𝐴റ = −0.5𝐴 + 2𝐴 = 1.5𝐴 = ⇒ 𝜎𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 1.5𝜖0
𝐴′ 𝜖0