Motion

Speed and velocity

Distance and displacement are
different
 Speed
The measurement of how fast an
object moves is speed
What is the formula to calculate
speed?
Distance
Speed =
Time
The SI unit of distance is m and
the SI unit of time is s
The SI unit of speed is m/s
 Uniform Speed
When a moving object doesn’t
change its speed, we say that the
speed is uniform
This also means, that the object
travels the exact same distance
over equal time intervals

Let’s see how that would look to us

 Uniform Speed

0m 10m 20m 30m 40m 50m 60m

Consider a person walking at a constant
speed
If we took a photo of this person every
10 seconds, what would it look like?
 For
For uniform
What speed
would it
uniform it
it can
look like
speed is onbe any straight
a distance
always time
a straight
line
graph?
line

80
Distance

70
(m)

60

50
40
30

20

10

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Time (s)
 Non-uniform Speed

0m 10m 20m 30m 40m 50m 60m

What about a person who is not

walking at a constant speed?
If we took a photo of this person
every 10 seconds, what would it
look like?
 What
For would
non it look
uniform like on
speed, thea distance
distance time
time
What is thegraph?
main difference?
graph is NOT a straight line!

80
Distance

70
(m)

60

50
40
30

20

10

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Time (s)
 Speed
How does the distance time graph
look when we have ..

uniform speed? A straight line

Not a straight
Non uniform
line
speed?
So now you can just look at a
distance-time graph and say
whether it is uniform motion or non-
uniform speed!
 Speed

Can you think of examples of when

the speed of an object is uniform?
You can have a car going at uniform
speed if there are no reasons for the
car to slow down (traffic, signals
etc.) or speed up
Does that actually happen in real
life?
Not really.
 Speed
Even when we set out on a very
long journey, our speed keeps
changing.
Even birds and animals do not
always travel at a constant speed.
So, in real life, our speed is usually
non-uniform.
 Speed
So, when the speed is not the same
throughout, how do we calculate the
speed
We of
cananfind
object
the in a journey?
ratio of the total
distance travelled to the total time
taken
This ratio gives us the AVERAGE
SPEED
Total
Average
distance
speed = Total time
 Speed
Suppose a car travels 100 km in 2
hours, what is the average speed?
Average speed = 50 km/hr
Does this mean that the car
travelled at this speed the whole
time?
No. Sometimes, the car must have
gone faster than this and
sometimes it must have gone
slower than this.
 #Let’sDoThis
Go through the first solved
example in the textbook.
Try to solve it in the rough.
Could you do it easily?
 Speed, with direction
You know that distance travelled in a
certain direction is known as
displacement
In the same way, physicists are
interested in knowing speed in a
certain direction
This is known as velocity.
Therefore, when we talk about
velocity we need to know the speed
(which is the magnitude) and the
direction in which the object is
travelling.
 Velocity
How fast an object changes position
is measured by velocity
What is the formula to calculate
velocity?
Displacemen
Velocity (v)
t
= Time
The SI unit of distance is m and
the SI unit of time is s
The SI unit of velocity is m/s
 #Let’sDoThis
Go through the second
solved example in the
textbook. Try to solve it in
the rough. Could you do it
easily?
 #Let’sDoThis
Go through the third solved
example in the textbook.
Try to solve it in the rough.
Could you do it easily?
 #Let’sDoThis
Read the solved example
8.3 on page 102. Try to
solve it in the rough. Could
you do it easily?
 Constant and Changing
Velocity
We need two things to describe velocity
So, only if both the things are constant,
then we can say that the velocity has not
changed.
Look at this data and say whether the body
is moving with constant velocity
Time Distance travelled Direction
9:00 am 0 km South west
9:10 am 10 km South west
9:20 am 20 km South
9:30 am 30 km West
9:40 am 40 km South west
9:50 am 50 km South west
 Constant and Changing
Velocity
No! This is not constant velocity.
Even though the speed did not change, the
direction did. So, the velocity is not
constant.
Look at this data and say whether the body
is moving with constant velocity
Time Distance travelled Direction
9:00 am 0 km South west
9:10 am 10 km South west
9:20 am 20 km South
9:30 am 30 km West
9:40 am 40 km South west
9:50 am 50 km South west
 Constant and Changing
Just like itsVelocity
hard to find objects
always moving at a constant speed,
its hard to find objects moving at a
constant velocity
So, we again have a concept called
average velocity that we use
Initial velocity + Final
Average velocity velocity
= 2
u+
Vav = v
2
Take note of the symbols for initial and final
velocity
 #Let’sDoThis
Try to answer the in-text
questions on this section
 Distinguish between speed and
velocity
Speed Velocity
Rate of change of Rate of change of
motion position

SI unit is m/s SI unit is m/s

Distance Displacement
Time Time
Denoted by V
Under what conditions is the magnitude
of average velocity of an object equal to
its average speed?
Think about the formula of speed and the
formula of velocity
Distanc Displaceme
e Velocity nt
Speed =
Time = Time
When we are considering the same path of
the same object, time will not change.
So speed and the magnitude of velocity of
an object will be the same when distance
and displacement are the same
 What does the odometer of an
automobile measure?
Think : Does the odometer increase when
you go forwards and decrease when you
go in reverse?
Think : Does the odometer care what
direction the automobile is going in?
So, is the odometer measuring distance or
displacement?
Distance
What does the path of an object look
like when it is in uniform motion?
Think : What does it mean to be in uniform
motion?
Think : What is constant in uniform
motion?
Think about the graph of uniform motion
and of non uniform motion
A straight line
 A signal from a spaceship reached the
ground station in 5 minutes. What was
the distance of the spaceship from the
ground station? The signal travels at the
speed of light : 3 x 10Think
8
m/s:
SS v = 3 x 108 m/s What do you have to find
t = 5 mins d out?
d=? Are all units in one
GS v t
system?
v = 3 x 108 t=5 = 5 x 60
= 300 s
m/s min s
d
v x t = 3 x 108 m/sx 300 s
=
= 9 x 107 km
= 9 x 1010 m
#DiaryEntry
Read the part of the
lesson taught, solve the
solved examples again
and also the inline
questions