Scribd
Upload
25 views4 pages

Motion Notes 1

The document covers fundamental concepts of motion in physics, including definitions of rest and motion, types of motion (rectilinear, uniform, and non-uniform), and the distinction between vector and scalar quantities. It explains key terms such as distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration, along with their respective formulas and units. Additionally, it discusses graphical representations of motion, equations of motion, and uniform circular motion, highlighting the importance of centripetal force.

Uploaded by

Mari Floof
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views4 pages

Motion Notes 1

The document covers fundamental concepts of motion in physics, including definitions of rest and motion, types of motion (rectilinear, uniform, and non-uniform), and the distinction between vector and scalar quantities. It explains key terms such as distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration, along with their respective formulas and units. Additionally, it discusses graphical representations of motion, equations of motion, and uniform circular motion, highlighting the importance of centripetal force.

Uploaded by

Mari Floof
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

PHYSICS NOTES-GRADE IX

CHAPTER – MOTION

Object at rest:
Object is said to be at rest if its position doesn’t change with time or with respect to fixed
reference point.
Eg: The passengers sitting in a moving bus are said to be at rest with respect to driver of the same
bus.

Object in Motion:
Object is said to be in motion if its position changes with time or with respect to fixed reference
point.
Eg: The passengers sitting in a moving bus are said to be in motion with respect to an observer
standing outside the bus.

Motion along a Straight Line:


When an object moves along a straight line, the motion of the object is called rectilinear
motion.
Eg: motion of a car on highway.

Vector and Scalar Quantities:


Vector is a quantity which has both magnitude and direction.
Eg: Displacement, velocity, acceleration etc.
Scalar is quantity which has only magnitude and no direction.
Eg: mass, distance travelled, temperature, time etc.

Distance travelled:
Length of path covered by an object.
SI unit of distance travelled is metre (m).It is a scalar quantity.
It cannot be a negative value, it is always positive.

Displacement:
The shortest distance between initial and final position.
Si unit of displacement is metre (m). It depends on direction of motion. It is a vector quantity.
Displacement can be zero or negative. Displacement is zero if the object returns to its initial
position.

Note: Magnitude of displacement is always equal to or less than distance travelled.


Displacement is equal to distance travelled when an object moves in a straight line without
changing its direction.
Uniform Motion and Non – Uniform Motion
If a body covers equal distance in equal interval of time, then its motion is said to be in uniform
motion.
If a body covers unequal distance in equal interval of time, then its motion is said to be non-
uniform motion.

Speed:
Speed is defined as the ratio of distance travelled to time taken.

Speed =
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑

𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

SI unit of speed is m/s or ms-1. Speed is a scalar quantity. It can have only positive value.
When the body travels at varying speeds during a journey, then average speed is calculated as the
ratio of the total distance travelled to the total time taken.

Average speed =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

Velocity (v):
Velocity of a body is defined as rate of change of displacement.

Velocity =
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

SI unit of displacement is m/s or ms-1. Velocity is a vector quantity.


In case the velocity of the object is changing at a uniform rate (Uniform acceleration), then
average velocity is given by

𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦+𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦


Average velocity= = 𝑢+𝑣
2 2

Acceleration (a):
Acceleration is defined as the ratio of change in velocity to time
taken. SI unit of acceleration is ms-2. It is a vector quantity.
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑣 −𝑢
Acceleration, a= =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡

Uniform Acceleration and Non-uniform Acceleration:


The acceleration of the body is said to be uniform if its velocity changes by equal amount in equal
intervals of time.
The acceleration of a body is said to be non-uniform if change in velocity in equal interval of
time is not the same.
Distance time graph:
A graph in which distance is plotted along y-axis and time is plotted along x -axis.
Slope of the Distance time graph gives the value of speed or velocity.

Distance - Time
Graph
Distance Time Graph for Uniform motion
Objectat rest: (Uniform Speed )

Velocity Time graph:


A graph in which velocity is plotted along y- axis and time is plotted along x -axis.
Slope of the Velocity time graph gives acceleration.
Area under velocity- time graph give displacement or distance travelled.

Velocity- time
graph
Object moving with Object moving with Object moving with
constant velocity constant constant acceleration and
acceleration with certain initial velocity
Equations of Motion by Graphical Method:
When an object moves along a straight line with uniform acceleration, it is possible to relate its
velocity, acceleration during motion and the distance covered by it in a certain time interval by a
set of equations known as the equations of motion. There are three such equations. These are:
v = u + at
s = ut + ½at2
2as=v2 – u2
where u is the initial velocity of the object which moves with uniform acceleration a for time t,
v is the final velocity, and s is the distance travelled by the object in time t.

Uniform Circular Motion:

When an object travels along the circular path of constant radius with
constant speed then its motion is called as uniform circular motion.
In uniform circular motion, velocity of a particle is not constant,
because the direction of velocity changes at every point, therefore the
motion is accelerated.
Centripetal force is the net force that acts on an object to keep it moving
along a circular path.
If an object takes t seconds to go once around the circular path of
radius r, then speed is given by

Speed = 2𝜋𝑟
𝑡

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy