Chapter 20

Consumerism

Adkins v. Children’s Hospital (1923)

Equal Rights Amendment

Florence Kelley

Flapper girl:

Shorter dresses and different fashion, women are starting work, economically
independent, women gain the right to vote, might drink and even smoke,
challenging social expectations of women at the time, Equal Rights
Amendment is trying to pass, trying to get equal laws for both men and
women, does not pass, remove labor protection laws, laws protecting
minimum wage, restricting work hours, and even laws protecting widows,

Teapot Dome Scandal

Calvin Coolidge

Washington Naval Arms Conference (1922)

Schneck v. United States (1919)

“Clear and Present Danger”

Abrams v. United States (1919)

Fundamentalism

The Scopes Trial

Meyer v. Nebraska (1923)

The Johnson-Reed Act (1924)

New Negro Movement

Herbert Hoover

Causes of the Great Depression:

Black Monday, Stock Market on Wall Street declined in value, and starts to
crash, rampant stocks on margin, taking out loans to buy stocks, corrupt and
unsavory real state speculation, people selling land that had no value, US is
on the Gold Standard, Hoover does not interfere in Stock Market crash,
Hoover believed economy will fix itself, not an immediate fix and the Great
Depression starts, US economy starts to crash and financial institutions and
companies are hit very hard

Black Monday

Hoovervilles

Bonus March

Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930

Chapter 21

The Presidential Election of 1932

Franklin D. Roosevelt

The New Deal

“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself”

Bank holiday:

FDR wins, but is inaugurated in March 1932, financial system is teetering on

collapse when he becomes president, banks did not have any federal
protections, if a bank fails than you might lose your money, many banks
started collapsing as the Great Depression got worse, If the banks collapse
than society, government could potentially collapse, FDR’s first order of
business is to reform and help out banking system, He temporarily closes the
banks for eight days, and evaluates every bank and lets the “good” banks
reopen, financial solvent banks, FDIC is passed, insures people can get
money back, Glass-Steagall Act, dividing line between banks and investment
companies, “saved capitalism in eight days,” less banks fail after this,

The National Recovery Administration (NRA)

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA):

First New Deal, Trying to help farmers during the Great Depression, lower
prices and people are not buying your stuff, AAA was trying to have the
government buy some of the farmers’ crops and set production quotas,
trying to sell enough to help farmers, African Americans and sharecroppers
are not helped out by this law, ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court,
FDR is trying to appeal to farmers by passing these laws to help protect this
occupational group,
The Homeowners Loan Corporation

The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

Sit Down Strike

Huey Long

The Rural Electrification Agency (REA)

The Works Progress Administration (WPA)

The Wagner Act of 1935

The Social Security Act of 1935

Fireside chats

The critiques of the New Deal

The New Deal Coalition

“Court packing”

“Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work”

The Scottsboro Case

Chapter 22

The lead up to World War II

Isolationism

The 1940 Presidential Election

The Lend-Lease Act of 1941

Pearl Harbor

The Battle of Midway

Island Hopping

D-Day

The Relationship Between Big Business and Federal Government during WW2

The “Good War”

The Four Freedoms

Women and World War 2

Henry Luce:

Magazine Magnate, Time and Life, and businessman, US public wanted to

stay out of WW2 before Pearl Harbor, Not the US’s problem, Wanted the US
to become involved in international affairs, more power economically,
businesses can sell their goods to more markets, Nazi Germany and Axis
stands in the way of this economic trade, Democracy and “freedom”
American Values can be exported and helps the reputation of the US if they
get involved, Luce’s vision has parallels to the start of the Cold War with the
US justifying more involvement in foreign affairs,

Vice President Henry Wallace:

FDR’s VP during WW2 (1940-1944), Argues against Luce’s American Century,

Century of the Common Man, wants more US involvement, everyone,
particularly the working class across the world, democracy and other
American values, wants to end monopolistic power and more economic
equitable, and try to end world poverty and hunger and other societal ills,
more cooperation with nations, Wallace gets removed because he’s more
progressive, and Harry Truman becomes president and embraces more of
Luce’s vision for foreign policy,

The Zoot Suit Riots

Executive Order 9066

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)

Double V Campaign

The Manhattan Project

The Yalta Conference (1945)

The United Nations

Chapter 23

The Long Telegram

The Truman Doctrine

Containment

The Marshall Plan

The Berlin Blockade

NSC-68

The Korean War

Walter Lippmann

Decolonization

“Hearts and minds”

“Jazz Diplomacy”

Totalitarianism

The Fair Deal

Operation Dixie

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947

The Commission on Civil Rights

The 1948 Presidential Election

The Second Red Scare

McCarthyism

Julius and Ethel Roesenberg:

Being Communist Spy and giving atomic bombs secrets to the Soviets, less
evidence, Julus was a spy but no proof that his wife knew about anything, not
very well, McCarthyism is popular, public persecution of any communists or
even suspected communists, big fear that communism will spread
domestically, Senator Joseph McCarthy promotes this theory,
anticommunism is pervasive, executed for being spies, limitations to civil
liberties during the early Cold War to dissenting groups like communists, not
a lot of communists but it is a massive fear,

The Army-McCarthy Hearings

Anticommunism

Essay Questions

1.
Why did many Americans describe the 1920s as the “Roaring 20s?” What
groups benefited from the 1920s? What were some of the groups that did not
benefit from this time period? What event ultimately ended this era?
Describe some of the social, political, and economic trends that embodied
this specific period of US history in your essay.

2.

How did the Second World War (1939-1945) permanently alter the lives of
Americans? Consider the following questions for your essay: What were the
political, economic, and social conditions in the United States before the war?
How did the United States become involved in the conflict? What were some
of the ideological justifications for fighting the conflict? What were some of
the contradictions between this ideology and the on-the-ground realities of
the time?

WW2 and Political: WW2 helped cause the rise of anticommunism in politics
because of the rise of the Soviet Union, African Americans in the North
started to vote, Democrats, Truman becomes more involved with civil rights,
many African Americans are still discriminated against and can’t vote and
face violence in places like the South,

WW2 and Economic: Get out of the Great Depression, To fight a war,
weapons, money, people need to fight and go into factories, young men
primarily fight, women start to go into factories, African Americans, Hispanic
Americans also recruited, racial discrimination still a big deal in factories, US
Government needs to create relationships with big business and labor unions
and employees, wanted to prevent strikes, reducing taxes and giving hem
subsidizes, help a lot of people, and could even argue it creates a burgeoning
middle class,

WW2 and Social:

African Americans wanted to gain more civil rights during WW2, African
American men fought in the war, racially segregated, birth of Civil Rights
Movement, Early Cold War can help African Americans, Segregation looks
really bad on foreign policy perspective because US is trying to attract
African and Asian nations to their side, more African Americans voting and
involved in the political and social lives to demand racial equality,

Ideological Justifications: FDR wants to fight for democracy, wants the Four
Freedoms, fighting against the Nazis and Axis, authoritarian nations,
contradictions about the Four Freedoms, women give up their jobs, no legal
protections of equal rights, Japanese Americans get interned, US fighting the
Japanese and surprise attack on Pearl Harbor helps to spread this prejudice,