THAMSANQA MOTHA

240626942
20/03/24
GROUP B1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT .................................................................................................................... 3
APPARATUS AND COMPONENTS ........................................................................................................ 4
PRACTICAL CIRCUIT LAYOUT .............................................................................................................. 4
PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................................................. 5
RESULTS .................................................................................................................................................... 5
CALCULATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 7
DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................................. 8
WHAT YOU REALIZED ON EXPERIMENT 1? ................................................................................. 8
WHAT NEW SKILLS DID YOU DEVELOP IN EXPERIMENT 1? ................................................... 9
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................... 11
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 11

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AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

The aim is to verify Ohm’s Law with the use of a breadboard and
experimentally observing the relationship between resistance,
voltage and current, also to identify resistors with the use of colour
coding, lastly to also familiarise myself with using a multimeter and
DC power supply to measure current, resistance and voltage

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 APPARATUS AND COMPONENTS

• Breadboard
• Resistors
• Multimeter
• Variable DC power supply

PRACTICAL CIRCUIT LAYOUT

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 PROCEDURE
1. Identify the required resistors with the aid of a colourcoding chart

2. Prepare the circuit

• Make sure that the circuit consists of the resistor you want to measure
and that its connected to the power supply

3. Set multimeter to measure current

• Turn the dial on your multimeter to the current measurement setting.
Ensure that its set to measure at an appropriate range to avoid
blowing the fuse.

4. Connect the multimeter in series with the resistor

• Connect one cable of the multimeter in series with the resistor and
connect the other cable to the power supply.

5. Read and record the measured current

6. Repeat the same procedure for the other two resistors

RESULTS
COLOUR CODES
120Ω 5% BROWN RED BROWN GOLD
390Ω 5% ORANGE WHITE BROWN GOLD
560Ω 5% GREEN BLUE BROWN GOLD

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 MEASURED RESISTANCE

120Ω 120Ω

390Ω 388Ω

560Ω 553Ω

VOLTAGE(SUPPLY) 3Vdc 5Vdc 9Vdc

120Ω I-CALCULATE 25mA 41.67mA 75mA

120Ω I-MEASURED 24.1mA 41.7mA 76.3mA

390Ω I-CALCULATE 7.69mA 12.82mA 23.08mA

390Ω I-MEASURED 7.7mA 12.9mA 23.2mA

560Ω I-CALCULATE 5.36mA 8.93mA 16.07mA

560Ω I-MEASURED 5.3mA 9mA 16.1mA

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 CALCULATIONS
𝑣
OHM'S LAW: 𝐼 =
𝑅

FOR 120Ω
3V:
3
:𝐼= = 25𝑚𝐴
120

5V:
5
:𝐼= = 41.667𝑚𝐴
120

9V:
9
::𝐼= = 75𝑚𝐴
120

FOR 390Ω
3V:
3
:𝐼= = 7.69𝑚𝐴
390

5V:
5
:𝐼= = 12.821𝑚𝐴
390

9V:
9
:𝐼= = 23.077𝑚𝐴
390

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FOR 560Ω
3V:
3
:𝐼= = 5.357𝑚𝐴
560

5V:
5
:𝐼= = 8.929𝑚𝐴
560

9V:
9
::𝐼= = 16.071𝑚𝐴
560

DISCUSSION

WHAT YOU REALIZED ON EXPERIMENT 1?

I've noted that the results obtained from measurements and

calculations in Experiment 1 closely align. This suggests that Ohm's
Law holds true: given a resistor and voltage, we can accurately
predict the current using this law. Additionally, I observed that
connecting resistors in series maintains a constant current, as
there's only one path for current flow. Conversely, when resistors
are connected in parallel, the voltage across each resistor remains
constant. Furthermore, I noticed a direct relationship between
voltage and current; as voltage increases, so does the current.
These observations underscore the fundamental principles
governing electrical circuits and reaffirm the applicability of Ohm's
Law in our experiments.

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 WHAT NEW SKILLS DID YOU DEVELOP IN
EXPERIMENT 1?

I learnt how to use colourcoding to find the resistors. The 1st band is the
first number of the resistor, the 2nd band is the second number of the
resistor we are looking for, the 3rd band is the multiplier of the resistor and
the 4th band is the tolerance of the resistor.
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I've been learning about electricity and how to measure it using tools like a
multimeter. Here's what I've discovered:
First, to measure how strong electricity is (voltage), I connect the
multimeter in parallel with the part of the circuit I'm interested in. But I have
to be careful – the multimeter's voltage scale needs to be higher than the
circuit's voltage.
Next, to measure how much electricity is flowing (current), I set the
multimeter to the right setting and ensure it can handle the amount of
electricity in the circuit.
I've also figured out how to measure resistance, which is like measuring
how hard it is for electricity to flow through something. I set the multimeter
to measure resistance and make sure its setting is higher than what I'm
measuring.
In addition to using the multimeter, I've learned how to use a breadboard.
It's like a platform that makes it easy to connect different parts of a circuit
together.
Lastly, I've learned to use a power supply to provide electricity to the circuit.
By controlling the electricity flow, I can accurately measure voltage.

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 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, Ohm's Law is a handy tool for calculating how much

electricity flows through a resistor based on its voltage and resistance.
When resistors are in series, they all share the same flow of electricity, but
each might have a different voltage. In parallel, they all have the same
voltage, but the flow of electricity through each can vary.
Remember, the amount of electricity flowing through a resistor depends on
both its voltage and resistance. If the flow of electricity increases, it's
because the voltage has gone up, the resistance has decreased, or both.
Understanding these basics helps us make sense of electrical circuits in a
simpler way.

REFERENCES

• Face to Face interview (Lecture) with Dr Akuru

• https://byjus.com/physics/ohms-law/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVL6oNhBzNA

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