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Verification of Ohm

The document outlines an experiment to verify Ohm's Law, which states that current is directly proportional to voltage in a conductor at constant temperature. The procedure involves measuring current and voltage across an unknown resistor, plotting a V-I graph, and determining resistance from the slope. The results confirmed Ohm's Law with a mean resistance of 5.00 Ω, validating the relationship between voltage and current.

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12 views9 pages

Verification of Ohm

The document outlines an experiment to verify Ohm's Law, which states that current is directly proportional to voltage in a conductor at constant temperature. The procedure involves measuring current and voltage across an unknown resistor, plotting a V-I graph, and determining resistance from the slope. The results confirmed Ohm's Law with a mean resistance of 5.00 Ω, validating the relationship between voltage and current.

Uploaded by

senthilsrd123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Verification of Ohm’s Law

INTRODUCTION:

Ohm's Law is one of the fundamental principles in electrical science. It states


that the current flowing through a conductor between two points is directly
proportional to the voltage across the two points, provided the temperature
remains constant. The law is mathematically expressed as:

V = I \times R

= Potential difference (volts)


= Current (amperes)
= Resistance (ohms)

This experiment helps us to understand the relationship between voltage and


current and how resistance plays a role in an electric circuit.

AIM:

To verify Ohm’s law and hence determine the unknown resistance of the
given material of the wire.
APPARATUS:

1. A battery (DC source)


2. Ammeter
3. Voltmeter
4. Rheostat (variable resistor)
5. Plug key
6. Coil of unknown resistance
7. Connecting wires

PROCEDURE:

1. The circuit is connected as per the circuit diagram.

2. The plug key is inserted and the rheostat is adjusted so that a definite
amount of current (I) flows in the circuit. This value of current is recorded.

3. As the current flows through the unknown resistance a potential difference


is developed which is read from the voltmeter (V).

4. The procedure is again adjusted to a different value of current (I) and the
corresponding (V) values are noted down.
5. The procedure is repeated for at least 5–6 current readings and for voltage
also.
6. Draw a column table with readings of I and V and tabulate.

7. Graph of V vs I is drawn. A straight line is obtained.

8. The slope of the graph is found out. The slope gives the resistance (R)
of the unknown resistance.

DESCRIPTION OF MATERIALS USED

1. Battery (DC Power Supply):

A battery is the source of electrical energy for the experiment. It provides a


constant direct current (DC) that flows through the circuit, enabling
measurement of voltage and current. It may be a dry cell battery or a
regulated DC power supply, depending on availability.

2. Ammeter:
The ammeter is used to measure the electric current flowing through the
circuit. It is always connected in series with the circuit components to ensure
that the entire current passes through it.

3. Voltmeter:
A voltmeter is used to measure the potential difference (voltage) across the
unknown resistor. It is connected in parallel across the component so that it
does not alter the actual voltage drop.

4. Rheostat (Variable Resistor):

The rheostat is used to control and vary the amount of current flowing in
the circuit. By adjusting the sliding contact of the rheostat, the resistance
in the circuit can be increased or decreased smoothly.

5. Plug Key (Switch):


A plug key functions as a simple switch to start or stop the flow of current in
the circuit. When the plug is inserted, the circuit is complete, and when
removed, the circuit breaks.

6. Unknown Resistor (R):

This is the main component under study. The resistance of this wire or
resistor is unknown, and its value is determined through Ohm’s Law by
measuring current and voltage.

7. Connecting Wires:
Insulated copper connecting wires are used to make electrical connections
between the battery, ammeter, voltmeter, resistor, and other components in
the circuit. They must be of good quality to avoid resistance losses.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

OBSERVTIONS
1. Range of Voltmeter = 0 – 5 V
2. Range of Ammeter = 0 – 1 A
3. Least count of Voltmeter (1 Div) = 0.1 V
4. Least count of Ammeter (1 Div) = 0.01 A
5. E.M.F of the Battery = 6 V

OBSERVATION TABLE

Ob. Potential Difference Current Resistance Mean Resistance


No. V volt I amp V/I=RΩ RΩ
1. 1.2V 0.24A 5Ω
2. 1.8V 0.36A 5Ω
3. 2.4V 0.48A 5Ω 5Ω
4. 3.0V 0.60A 5Ω
5. 3.6V 0.72A 5Ω

GRAPH: Obtain value of ‘R’ via slope of ‘V’ vs ‘I’ = 5Ω


CONCLUSION

The experiment was successfully conducted to verify Ohm’s Law, which


states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to
the applied voltage, provided physical conditions remain constant. The V-I
graph obtained was a straight line passing through the origin, confirming this
relationship. The resistance calculated from multiple readings remained
constant, and the mean resistance was found to be 5.00 Ω. Thus, the results
validate Ohm’s Law and confirm that the conductor used obeys it under the
given conditions.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1. NCERT Physics Textbook for Class 12


2. Comprehensive Laboratory Manual in Physics – Laxmi Publications
3. School Laboratory Records and Manuals
4. Online resources from cbseacademic.nic.in

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