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TN 223 Lecture 6

The document provides an introduction to the Fourier Transform, including its definition, frequency spectra, and the Fourier Transform of periodic signals. It explains how aperiodic signals can be transformed into the frequency domain and presents formulas for the Fourier Transform and its inverse. Additionally, it discusses the relationship between time-domain and frequency-domain representations of signals, along with examples and quizzes for practical understanding.

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15 views16 pages

TN 223 Lecture 6

The document provides an introduction to the Fourier Transform, including its definition, frequency spectra, and the Fourier Transform of periodic signals. It explains how aperiodic signals can be transformed into the frequency domain and presents formulas for the Fourier Transform and its inverse. Additionally, it discusses the relationship between time-domain and frequency-domain representations of signals, along with examples and quizzes for practical understanding.

Uploaded by

ff5352235
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TN 207

FOURIER TRANSFORM

LECTURE #6
INTRODUCTION
Lecture #6 Outline
► Fourier Transform Definition
► Frequency Spectra
► Fourier Transform of Periodic signal.
Fourier Transform Definition

a periodic signal xT  t  with


► Consider 0

fundamental period T0 .
Fourier Transform Definition

► Anaperiodic signal X(t) of finite durationxt 0 for t T


can be defined from xT  t  as x  t   lim xT  t 
0 T0  0
Fourier Transform Definition

►xT0  t 
is represented by a complex exponential
Fourier series x  t    c e  T0

n
jn 0t

n

1 t0 T0 1 
cn   xT0  t e  jn0t
dt   x  t e jn0t dt
T0 t0 T0 

► We define a function X   as

1
X     x  t  exp   jt dt  cn  X  n0 

T0
Fourier Transform Definition

► The Fourier series of xT  t  can be rewritten as


0

follows.

1
xT0  t  
2

n 
X  n0  e jn0t0

The signal is then expressed as



1
x  t   lim xT0  t  
T0  2

n 
X  n  e jnt 
Fourier Transform Definition


► Thus x t  
1
2  X   exp  jt  d


► The frequency-domain function X   is the


Fourier transform of the signal i.e. X    F  x  t 
► The time-domain function x  t  is the inverse
Fourier transform of the function X   i.e.
x t   F 1
 X  
Fourier Transform Definition

► Summary

1
x t    X   exp  jt  d
2 

x t    X  f  exp  j 2 ft  df


X     x  t  exp   jt  dt

Frequency Spectra

► X(t) and X   constitute a Fourier transform


pair, i.e. x  t   X   x  t   X  f 
► The Fourier transform X   is in general
complex and can be expressed in polar form
X    X   e
j   

► The continuous amplitude spectrum of the


signal x  t  is a plot of X   versus the angular
frequency.
Frequency Spectra

► The continuous phase spectrum of the signal


X(t) is a plot of    versus the angular
frequency.
► Example: Find the Fourier transform and
magnitude spectrum of a rectangular pulse
defined as 1, t T
x t   
0, elsewhere
sin T 
► Answer: X    2T
T
Frequency Spectra

Consider the signal x  t   e


 at
► Example: u(t)
a. Sketch the signal X(t)
b. Find the Fourier Transform of X(t)
c. Sketch the spectrum of this signal.
Fourier Transform of Periodic signal

► In the preceding section we developed the


Fourier transform of aperiodic signal by
considering the behavior of Fourier series of
periodic signal as To   .
► The Fourier coefficient of a periodic signal
xTo (t ) obtained from samples of an envelope
is equal to the Fourier transform of aperiodic
signal
1 t0 T0 1  1
cn   xT0  t e  jn0t
dt   x  t e
 jn0t
dt  X (nw)
T0 t0 T0  To
Fourier Transform of Periodic signal

► Where X(w) is the Fourier Transform of aperidic


signal X(t).
► Thus The Fourier Transform of periodic
signal xTo (t ) with single impulse area 2 at w wo
Is
X ()  2   o 
► To determine signal xTo (t ) for this Fourier
Transform we can 
apply.
1
X (t )   2      e j t
d  o
e j t

2
o

Fourier Transform of Periodic signal

► IfX(w) is the form of linear combination of


impulse equally spaced in frequency. Then

X ( )   2 c    n 
n 
n o

  
1
► And
X (t)   
2 n 
2 cn 
   noe jt
d  
n
cne jnt

► Thus the Fourier transform of periodic signal


with Fourier coefficient Cn is a train of impulse
occurring at harmonically related frequency for
which the area of impulse at n  is 2  c n o
Fourier Transform of Periodic signal

► Example: Find the Fourier Transform of


periodic signal below.

Solution: s i n n  o T1
cn 
 n
A n d its F o u r ie r T r a n s fo r m is

2 s i n n  o T1
X ( )  
n  n
   n o 
Fourier Transform of Periodic signal

► Sketch of X(w)

► Quiz:Find and sketch the Fourier Transform of


periodic signal x ( t )     t  n T 
To

n 

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