DOUBLE INDICATOR TITRATION – APPLICATION 1

CONTINUOUS – REAGENTS; HCl and aqueous Na2CO3

1. A is dilute HCl of unknown concentration.
B is 0.100 mol/dm3 of Na2CO3 solution.
(a) Put A into the burette and perform the following exercises. Pipette 25.00cm3 portions
of B into a conical flask, add 2 or 3 drops of the phenolphthalein indicator and titrate
against A until the pink or the purple color becomes colorless, add 2 or 3 drops of the
methyl orange indicator and titrate against A until the color changes from yellow to
orange. Repeat the exercise till consistent titre values are obtained. Tabulate your
burette readings and calculate the average volume of the acid used in each.
(b) Write down equations that occurred in both endpoints?
(c) Calculate the concentration of A in mol/dm3?

DOUBLE INDICATOR TITRATION – APPLICATION 1

DISCONTINUOUS – REAGENTS; HCl and aqueous Na2CO3
2. A is dilute HCl of unknown concentration.
B is 0.100 mol/dm3 of Na2CO3 solution.
(a) Put A into the burette and perform the following exercises. Pipette 25.00cm3 portions
of B into a conical flask, add 2 or 3 drops of the phenolphthalein indicator and titrate
against A. Repeat the exercise till consistent titre values are obtained. Tabulate your
burette readings and calculate the average volume of the acid used.
(b) Pipette another 25.00cm3 of B into a conical flask, add 2 or 3 drops of the methyl
orange indicator and titrate against A. Repeat the exercise till consistent titre values
are obtained. Tabulate your burette readings and calculate the average volume of acid
used
(c) Write down equations that occurred in both endpoints?
(d) Calculate the concentration of A in mol/dm3?
Until you have money to finance your temptations, don’t EVER brag about morals. TOO
MUCH is hidden in POVERTY.
ORTEGA
 DOUBLE INDICATOR TITRATION – APPLICATION 2
CONTINUOUS - REAGEANTS; HCl and a mixture of Na2CO3 AND NaHCO3
1. A is 0.100M HCl. B is a mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3.
Put A into the burette and titrate against 25.00cm3 portions of B using phenolphthalein indicator
until the pink color or the purple color is discharged or becomes colorless. Record the titre
value and add 2 or 3 drops of the methyl orange to the reaction mixture and continue till the
yellow color turns orange. Record the burette reading. Repeat the exercise to obtain consistent
titre values.
(a) Write the chemical equations to illustrate;
(i) phenolphthalein indicator;
(ii) Methyl orange indicator;
(b) Calculate the volume of HCl that neutralized
(i) The Na2CO3 during the phenolphthalein titration;
(ii) The NaHCO3 during the methyl orange endpoint;
(c) Calculate the concentration of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 in the mixture and hence the
percentage composition of each.
(e) A solution of a weak acid HCO3- and its conjugate base CO32- constitute a buffer with the
equilibrium reaction HCO3- + H2O → H3O+ + CO32-
Calculate the Ka and hence the Pka of HCO3- given that the PH of the solution A is 8.0.

2. 25.00cm3 portions of a solution containing Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 needed 22.50cm3 of a

solution of HCl of concentration 0.100mol/dm3 to decolourised phenolphthalein. On addition
of methyl orange, a further 28.50cm3 of the acid were needed to turn this indicator to its neutral
colour. Calculate;
(i) The concentration of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3;
(ii) The percentage composition of each substance in the mixture.

‘Make time to think CREATIVELY AND STRATEGICALLY, for thinking is the highest
paying job in every field’

ORTEGA
 DOUBLE INDICATOR TITRATION – APPLICATION 2

WASSCE 2022 – ALT A

1. A is 0.100mol/dm3 of HCl.
B is a solution containing a mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 per dm3.
(a) Put A into the burette and titrate it with 20.00cm3 or 25.00cm3 portion of B using
phenolphthalein as an indicator. At the endpoint, add 2 or 3 drops of methyl
oarnge indicator and continue the titration to the next endpoint.
Repeat the titration to obtain concordant titre values in each case.
Tabulate your results and calculate the average titres in each case.
The equations involved in the titration are;
Na2CO3 + HCl → NaHCO3 + NaCl
NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2
(b) From your results and the information provided, determine the volumes of HCl
which reacted completely with the;
(i) Na2CO3;
(ii) NaHCO3;
(c) Calculate the concentration of;
(i) Na2CO3 in B in mol/dm3;
(ii) NaHCO3 in B in mol/dm3

“If there is character, ugliness becomes beauty; if there is none, beauty becomes ugliness”
ORTEGA
 DOUBLE INDICATOR TITRATION – APPLICATION 2
DISCONTINUOUS - REAGENTS; HCl and (a mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3)
1.A is 0.10M solution of HCl.
B is a solution containing a mixture of anhydrous sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) and sodium
hydrogen trioxocarbonate (IV).
Put the acid in the burette and titrate against 25.00cm3 of B using phenolphthalein indicator.
Repeat the titration two or more times to obtain consistent readings.
Pipette another 25.00cm3 of B into another conical flask and titrate against the same acid
solution using methyl orange indicator. Repeat the titration two or more times to obtain
consistent readings.
Tabulate your burette readings separately and find the average titre for each. From your
results, Calculate;
(i) The concentration of both Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 in g/dm3;
(ii) The percentage of each compound in the mixture.
2. 25.00cm3 of a mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 was pipetted into a flask and titrated with
0.100M HCl using phenolphthalein indicator. The volume of acid that reacted to the endpoint
is 8.65cm3. A separate 25.00cm3 of the mixture was in turn titrated using a methyl orange as
indicator. The volume of the same acid that reacted to the endpoint was found to be
20.60cm3.
(a) What are the colour changes at the endpoint in;
(i) Phenolphthalein; (ii) Methyl orange.
(b) Write the equations for the reaction which occurred between HCl and
(i) Na2CO3; (ii) NaHCO3.
(c) Derive the equivalent volumes of acid that reacted with
(i) Na2CO3; (ii) NaHCO3
(d) From the average titre values obtained from the titration, calculate the concentration in
mol/dm3 and g/dm3 of
(i) Na2CO3; (ii) NaHCO3
(e) Calculate the percentage composition of; (i) Na2CO3; (ii) NaHCO3.
‘Everyone cares when it is too late’
ORTEGA
 DOUBLE INDICATOR TITRATION – APPLICATION 2
REVISED QUESTION
1.A is 0.100 mol/dm3 of HCl.

B is a solution containing a mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 per dm3.

(a) Put A into the burette and titrate it with 20.00cm3 or 25.00cm3 portion of B using
phenolphthalein as indicator. Repeat the titration two or more times to obtain
consistent readings.
Pipette another 25.00cm3 of B into another conical flask and titrate against the
same acid solution using methyl orange indicator. Repeat the titration to obtain
concordant titre values in each case.
Tabulate your results separately and calculate the average titres in each case.
The equations involved in the titration are;
Na2CO3 + HCl → NaHCO3 + NaCl
NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2
(b) From your results and the information provided, determine the volumes of HCl which
reacted completely with the;
(iii) Na2CO3;
(iv) NaHCO3;
(c) Calculate the concentration of;
(iii) Na2CO3 in B in mol/dm3;
(iv) NaHCO3 in B in mol/dm3

“You cannot heal from the same environment that made you sick”
ORTEGA
 DOUBLE INDICATOR TITRATION – APPLICATION 3
CONTINUOUS - REAGENTS; HCl and (a mixture of Na2CO3 and NaOH)
1. A is 0.200 mol/dm3 of HCl solution.
B is a mixture of Na2CO3 and NaOH solution.
(a) Put A into a burette and titrate it against 20.00cm3 or 25.00cm3 portions of B
using phenolphthalein indicator till the pink or the purple color becomes colorless.
Record the volume of HCl used.
(b) Of the colorless solution in (a) add 2 or 3 drops of methyl orange indicator and
titrate it with the acid till the solution changes from yellow to orange. In each case
repeat the titration and calculate the average tires.
(c) Write equation(s) for the reaction(s) that would have taken place at the
(i) Phenolphthalein endpoint;
(ii) Methyl orange endpoint.
(d) Calculate the concentration in mol/dm3 of (i) Na2CO3 and (ii) NaOH
(e) Calculate the concentration in g/dm3 of (i) Na2CO3 (ii) NaOH
(Na=23, C=12, O=16, H=1)

DUOBLE INDICATOR TITRATION – APPLICATION 3

DISCONTINUOUS - REAGENTS; HCl and (a mixture of Na2CO3 and NaOH)
1. A is 0.100 mol/dm3 of HCl solution.
B is a mixture of Na2CO3 and NaOH solution.
(a) Put A into the burette and perform the following exercises. Pipette 25.00cm3 portions
of B and titrate it against A using phenolphthalein indicator. Repeat the titration to
obtain consistent titre values.
Pipette another 25.00cm3 portions of B into a different conical flask and titrate it
against A using methyl orange as indicator. In each case, repeat the titrations to
obtain consistent results.
(b) Write equation(s) for the reaction(s) that would have taken place at the;
(iii) Phenolphthalein endpoint;
(iv) Methyl orange endpoint.
(c) Calculate the concentration of Na2CO3 and NaOH in mol/dm3 and in g/dm3 in B.
(d) Determine the percentage composition of each Na2CO3 and NaOH in the sample used
in preparing B.
‘Be there for others, but never leave YOURSELF behind’

ORTEGA
 DOUBLE INDICATOR TITRATION – APPLICATION 4

REAGENTS; A mixture of (H3PO4 and HCl) and NaOH

1. A is a solution containing unknown concentration of H3PO4 and HCl.

B is a 0.100 mol/dm3 NaOH solution.
(a) Put B in the burette and perform the following exercise;
(i) Pipette 25.00cm3 of A into the conical flask and titrate it against B
using methyl orange indicator, record the volume of the base used
to neutralize the acid. Add 2 or 3 drops of the phenolphthalein
indicator and continuously titrate it against the volume of the base
in the burette. Repeat the titration to obtain consistent titre values.
(b) Write equation(s) for the reactions that take place at the two endpoints
during the titration.
(c) Calculate the concentration in A of (i) H3PO4 (ii) HCl
(d) What volume of B will be needed to convert the Na2HPO4 to Na3PO4 after
the phenolphthalein endpoint?
(e) Calculate the mass ratio of the HCl to H3PO4 in A?
(H=1.0, O=16, P=31.0, Cl=35.5)

2. A is a solution containing unknown concentration of H3PO4 and HCl.

B is a 0.100 mol/dm3 NaOH solution.
(f) Put B into the burette and perform the following exercise;
(ii) Pipette 25.00cm3 of A into the conical flask and titrate it against B
using methyl orange indicator. Repeat the exercise until consistent
titre values are obtained. Pipette another 25.00cm3 of A into
another conical flask and titrate it with the base using
phenolphthalein as an indicator. Repeat the exercise until
consistent titre values are obtained.
(g) Write equation(s) for the reactions that take place at the two endpoints
during the titration.
(h) Calculate the concentration in A of (i) H3PO4 (ii) HCl

‘Growing up in extremely violent environment explains why evil seems

normal to some people’

ORTEGA