MCQ on research methodology

1. What is the first step in the research process?

o A) Data collection
o B) Literature review
o C) Identifying the research problem
o D) Analysis
o Answer: C
2. Which of the following is NOT a part of the research process?
o A) Formulating a hypothesis
o B) Data interpretation
o C) Writing a novel
o D) Collecting data
o Answer: C
3. In which step of the research process do you determine the methods for data
collection?
o A) Data Analysis
o B) Research Design
o C) Literature Review
o D) Conclusion
o Answer: B
4. What is a hypothesis?
o A) A proven fact
o B) An educated guess
o C) A statistical analysis
o D) A conclusion
o Answer: B
5. Which of the following is essential for a research proposal?
o A) Budget
o B) Literature review
o C) References
o D) All of the above
o Answer: D

Sampling

6. What is sampling in research?

o A) Collecting data from the entire population
o B) Selecting a subset of individuals from a population
o C) Analyzing data
o D) Writing a report
o Answer: B
7. Which of the following is a probability sampling method?
o A) Convenience sampling
o B) Snowball sampling
o C) Stratified sampling
o D) Quota sampling
o Answer: C
8. What is the main advantage of random sampling?
 o A) It is easy to conduct
o B) It eliminates bias
o C) It is inexpensive
o D) It guarantees a representative sample
o Answer: B
9. Which sampling method involves selecting participants based on specific
characteristics?
o A) Purposive sampling
o B) Cluster sampling
o C) Systematic sampling
o D) Simple random sampling
o Answer: A
10. What is sample size determination based on?
o A) Researcher's preference
o B) Budget constraints
o C) Desired level of precision and variability
o D) Time available
o Answer: C

Research Proposal

11. What is the purpose of a research proposal?

o A) To collect data
o B) To outline the research plan and gain approval
o C) To present findings
o D) To conduct analysis
o Answer: B
12. Which section of a research proposal provides the background of the study?
o A) Methodology
o B) Literature Review
o C) Conclusion
o D) Data Analysis
o Answer: B
13. What should be included in the methodology section of a research proposal?
o A) Hypothesis
o B) Data collection methods
o C) Budget
o D) Timeline
o Answer: B
14. Which of the following is NOT typically included in a research proposal?
o A) Research objectives
o B) Data analysis plan
o C) Research findings
o D) Ethical considerations
o Answer: C
15. What is a literature review?
o A) A summary of research findings
o B) An analysis of the research problem
o C) A review of existing research related to the topic
 o D) A detailed methodology
o Answer: C

Types of Research

16. What type of research seeks to explain relationships between variables?

o A) Descriptive research
o B) Correlational research
o C) Experimental research
o D) Qualitative research
o Answer: B
17. Which type of research is primarily exploratory?
o A) Experimental
o B) Descriptive
o C) Qualitative
o D) Quantitative
o Answer: C
18. What is cross-sectional research?
o A) Research that collects data at one point in time
o B) Research that follows subjects over time
o C) Research that compares different populations
o D) Research that uses experimental techniques
o Answer: A
19. Which type of research is designed to test a hypothesis?
o A) Qualitative research
o B) Descriptive research
o C) Experimental research
o D) Case study research
o Answer: C
20. What is action research mainly focused on?
o A) Scientific exploration
o B) Solving specific problems
o C) Purely theoretical investigation
o D) Historical analysis
o Answer: B

Questionnaire

21. What is the purpose of a questionnaire?

o A) To collect qualitative data
o B) To collect quantitative data
o C) To provide a structured data collection tool
o D) Both B and C
o Answer: D
22. Which type of question allows for open-ended responses?
o A) Closed-ended question
o B) Multiple choice question
o C) Likert scale question
o D) Open-ended question
 o Answer: D
23. What is a Likert scale?
o A) A type of open-ended question
o B) A scale that measures attitudes or opinions
o C) A method for random sampling
o D) A type of qualitative research
o Answer: B
24. Which of the following is an advantage of using questionnaires?
o A) High response rate
o B) Cost-effective
o C) In-depth responses
o D) Immediate feedback
o Answer: B
25. What should be avoided when designing a questionnaire?
o A) Leading questions
o B) Clear instructions
o C) Simple language
o D) Logical flow
o Answer: A

Additional Questions

26. What is the primary goal of descriptive research?

o A) To establish cause and effect
o B) To describe characteristics of a population
o C) To test a hypothesis
o D) To explore new areas
o Answer: B
27. Which method is often used in qualitative research?
o A) Surveys
o B) Experiments
o C) Interviews
o D) Observations
o Answer: C
28. What does a pilot study help with?
o A) Final data collection
o B) Testing the feasibility of the study
o C) Analyzing data
o D) Writing the final report
o Answer: B
29. Which of the following is a qualitative research method?
o A) Surveys
o B) Experiments
o C) Focus groups
o D) Statistical analysis
o Answer: C
30. What type of sampling uses a fixed interval to select participants?
o A) Random sampling
o B) Systematic sampling
 o C) Stratified sampling
o D) Cluster sampling
o Answer: B
31. What is the significance of the literature review in research?
o A) It identifies gaps in existing research
o B) It summarizes the findings of the study
o C) It presents the research methodology
o D) It is not important
o Answer: A
32. In which type of research do researchers manipulate one variable to see its effect
on another?
o A) Correlational research
o B) Experimental research
o C) Descriptive research
o D) Case study research
o Answer: B
33. What is the main characteristic of qualitative research?
o A) It uses numerical data
o B) It focuses on exploring feelings and opinions
o C) It requires large sample sizes
o D) It is always objective
o Answer: B
34. Which of the following is a disadvantage of surveys?
o A) They can reach a large audience
o B) They can be conducted quickly
o C) They may suffer from low response rates
o D) They are cost-effective
o Answer: C
35. What is an example of a closed-ended question?
o A) "What do you think about this topic?"
o B) "How satisfied are you with our service? (Very satisfied, Satisfied, Neutral,
Unsatisfied, Very Unsatisfied)"
o C) "Describe your experience."
o D) "What are your favorite colors?"
o Answer: B
36. Which of the following is a common type of qualitative data collection?
o A) Surveys
o B) Experiments
o C) Interviews
o D) All of the above
o Answer: C
37. What does "sampling bias" refer to?
o A) Selecting a representative sample
o B) Errors in data analysis
o C) Over-representation or under-representation of certain groups
o D) A random selection of participants
o Answer: C
38. What is the main purpose of using a coding scheme in qualitative research?
o A) To analyze quantitative data
 o B) To categorize and interpret responses
o C) To collect data
o D) To design questionnaires
o Answer: B
39. What does "generalizability" refer to in research?
o A) The ability to apply findings to a broader population
o B) The accuracy of data collection
o C) The complexity of the research design
o D) The ease of analyzing data
o Answer: A
40. What is the focus of correlational research?
o A) Establishing causation
o B) Describing phenomena
o C) Exploring relationships between variables
o D) Conducting experiments
o Answer: C
41. Which of the following is a limitation of qualitative research?
o A) Depth of understanding
o B) Subjectivity in interpretation
o C) Flexibility in data collection
o D) Rich data
o Answer: B
42. What is a major ethical consideration in research?
o A) Sample size
o B) Data analysis methods
o C) Informed consent
o D) Questionnaire design
o Answer: C
43. In mixed-methods research, which two types of data are combined?
o A) Qualitative and quantitative
o B) Primary and secondary
o C) Experimental and observational
o D) Objective and subjective
o Answer: A
44. What is the main function of a research question?
o A) To provide a hypothesis
o B) To guide the research process
o C) To summarize findings
o D) To analyze data
o Answer: B
45. Which of the following is a quantitative research method?
o A) Case studies
o B) Surveys with numerical ratings
o C) Focus groups
o D) Ethnography
o Answer: B
46. What does "operationalization" refer to in research?
o A) Defining variables in measurable terms
o B) Analyzing data
 o C) Writing a literature review
o D) Conducting interviews
o Answer: A
47. What type of research uses case studies to explore a phenomenon?
o A) Quantitative research
o B) Qualitative research
o C) Experimental research
o D) Survey research
o Answer: B
48. What is a common method for ensuring reliability in a questionnaire?
o A) Increasing the length of the questionnaire
o B) Pilot testing the questionnaire
o C) Using complex language
o D) Randomly selecting participants
o Answer: B
49. What type of data is primarily collected through open-ended survey questions?
o A) Qualitative data
o B) Quantitative data
o C) Mixed data
o D) Statistical data
o Answer: A
50. Which of the following is an example of a research design?
o A) Experimental design
o B) Data analysis
o C) Literature review
o D) Survey development
o Answer: A