GUIDELINES FOR STUDENT-RESEARCHERS

IN WRITING THESIS

A. GENERAL FORMATTING GUIDELINES

1. Paper: Use only a white, A4-sized paper, 80 gsm. No special paper may be used in
any part of the document, even for photo documentations, graphics, and illustrations.

2. Use of Header: Use the official header of Rafael Lentejas Memorial School of
Fisheries in the content pages (Chapters 1 to 4) and appendices/supplemental pages of
the research manuscript, except only for the Title Page of the research manuscript.

3. In-text Citation and Reference List: Use APA (American Psychological

Association) 7th Style Edition for in-text citations and in writing the reference list.

4. Font: Use only the Times New Roman 12 points for the entire research manuscript.
No other font may be used, even for the preliminary and appendices sections of the
entire research manuscript, except for the scanned documents that are necessary to be
attached in the appendix section of the research manuscript. However, the researcher
can adjust the font size of the text in his/her table/s if necessary to avoid splitting the
tabular presentation.

5. Margination: Use 1.5 inches for the left margin and 1.0 inch for the top, right, and
bottom margins.

6. Body Text Alignment: Use only the “Justified alignment” in writing your body of the
paper or paragraphs except for the Chapter titles of the research manuscript that are
“Center aligned” and sub-heading titles of every section of the research manuscript are
“Left aligned.”

7. Spacing: Use a “single space” in writing the paragraphs in the body sections of the
research manuscript. Strictly no additional spacing is required between paragraphs.
However, a “double space” will be used to separate the introductory paragraph of the
major Chapters and their sub-sections.

8. Indention: Use a 0.5 inch or one (1) complete for every paragraph.

9. Pagination: Place the page number of every page of the research manuscript at the
“bottom right” of the manuscript. Use the Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv…) for the
pagination of the Preliminary Pages, while Hindu Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4…) will
be used in the Content Pages and Appendices of the research manuscript.

10. Formatting of Tables, Pictures, and Illustrations: Label every table, picture, and
illustration properly. Write the title of each table on top, while the title of the picture
and illustration is at the bottom.
THE BASIC OUTLINE OF CHAPTERS AND SECTIONS OF THE RESEARCH
MANUSCRIPT
Cover Page
Title Page
Approval Sheet
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Introduction
Theoretical
Framework
Conceptual Framework
Statement of the Problem
Statement of Hypothesis
Scope and Delimitation
Significance of the Study
Review of Related Literature
Chapter 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Respondents and Sampling Procedure
Research Locale
Research Instrumentation
Validation and Reliability of Instrument
Data Gathering Procedure
Data Analysis
Chapter 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results Discussion
Chapter 4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
Recommendations
References
Appendices
Bionote
 Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introduction
This section of the research study provides an overview and context of the research
problem. Using statistical evidence, it also establishes the arguments for the problem's
presence in the international, national, and local arenas. This section is referred to as the
study's background in qualitative research, based on the phenomenological assumption that
qualitative research discovers and answers problems in a naturalistic manner or as they
naturally evolve. Lastly, the researcher addresses the research gap addressed by the study in a
detailed purpose statement of the study.
This section contains the following: a general overview of the research problem,
justifications for the existence of the problem in the international, national, and local
setting, and a purpose statement. Moreover, the introduction must contain only not more
than five (5) paragraphs.

Theoretical Framework
This section covers the foundational theories for the study. It establishes the
framework by which the study summarizes the theoretical foundations that underlie the
problem's existence. One primary theory will serve as the study's foundation, with one or two
secondary theories providing support. The establishment of a theoretical framework is
preceded by the process of synthesis, in which individual concepts are combined to make a
cohesive argument.

Conceptual Framework
This section of the research paper mounts the framework and procedure for conducting
the research inquiry. It is technically known as the diagram or the study's process flow. It
displays how variables are related using an appropriate paradigm using the relationship among
study variables. In order to develop a comprehensive grasp of their paradigm, researchers
must identify links among the study's variables.

Statement of the Problem

This part serves as the backbone of the study, and once it is clear, all the other parts of
the Thesis follow. The research is based on the parallelism principle, which says that the
Statement of the Problem should be used as a starting point. This is where the general purpose
statement is, which tells what the overall goal or purpose of the study is. Next, it is broken
down into specific questions based on the general-purpose statement. These questions are
called "specific questions." These questions address the differences between casual
comparative (test of significant difference) and correlational (test of significant relationship)
research. The last part of the specific questions is where recommendations and/or program
changes that were thought necessary during the study are made. For qualitative research, this
is called the "Research Objectives," where questions are turned into specific goals, turning
questions into orders.
Statement of Hypothesis
This section of the research process describes the study's comparative and correlative
characteristics. This is equivalent to testing the null hypothesis at the 0.05 level of acceptance
or margin of error using the negating statements using “no” or “not.”

Scope and Delimitation

This section of the study provides an explanation of the local setting as well as the
persons who participated in the research. In addition to this, it provides responses to the
questions of "who," "what," "when," "where," and "why," but it does not address the issue of
"how," which narrows the scope of the study.

Significance of the Study

This section presents the possible new knowledge that can contribute by the study to
the overarching bodies of knowledge in which findings and results shall be disseminated for
wide- reaching acknowledgment and recognition, and benefits and/or individuals who take
part in the course of an study shall be established. The researcher shall discuss the significance
of the study as follows: (1) promotion of value and social relevance; (2) contribution to
nation-building; (3) contribution to the existing body of knowledge (in the field); and
continuous improvement of the teaching-learning process.

Review of Related Literature

This segment discusses the study's research depth and explains to the reader how their
work interacts with existing research and what new insights it will bring. In doing so, the
researcher establishes the discourses, explications, explications, and arguments of
relevant sources of information that they have synthesized. The flow of the discussion must be
anchored on the major variables of the study.
A literature review may largely consist of a summary of relevant sources. However, in
the social sciences, a literature review typically includes an organizational structure and
incorporates summary and synthesis, frequently within specified conceptual categories. A
summary is a recap of the main material of the source. In contrast, synthesis is a
reorganization or reshuffling of that information to inform how you propose to examine a
research issue. The analytical features of a literature review may: (1) Give a new
interpretation of old material or combine new and old interpretations; (2) Trace the intellectual
progression of the field, including major debates; (3) Depending on the situation, evaluate the
sources and advise the reader on the most pertinent or relevant research; or (4) Typically in
the conclusion of a literature review, identify research gaps in how a problem has been
investigated to date. This part comes in different types: content review, theoretical review,
methodological review, integrative review, self-review, and historical review.
Moreover, the works of literature included in this part shall be composed of at least thirty
(30) citations. For example, it might be composed of ten (10) international, ten (10) national,
and ten (10) local settings of the relevant studies. Only published materials (primarily
literature) are allowed to be used in this section which are journals indexed by Scopus, ISI,
Web of Science, Thompson-Reuters, and other internationally recognized indexations or
indexing companies and other materials published from reputable refereed journals.
 Chapter 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the processes and procedures employed by the researcher in
crafting this research study.

Research Design
This section of the research study describes the researcher's particular research
approach used to conduct the study. Depending on the study type, the researcher will
structurally establish a design they can employ for data collection and analysis. Therefore, the
study design in this section must be defined, described, and explained well by the researcher.

Respondents and Sampling Technique

This section describes, classifies, and categorizes the individuals and participants in
the study. The researcher discusses the criteria for selecting and identifying the target
respondents. Further, the researcher describes the personal variabilities of the individuals
involved in going through the rigors of conducting the study. In qualitative research, people
may not be necessarily involved in the study at times, and other subjects may be the focus or
source of analysis, hence, changing research respondents to research participants.
After identifying the participants in the study, sampling techniques will be used to
determine the precise number of participants. Depending on the study's context, sampling
procedures may fall within either probability domains or other categories. A sample size
calculator, particularly for quantitative research, can be used to determine the sample,
particularly if the population is too vast. In qualitative research, the phenomenological-
interpretivism principle limits the researcher's ability to choose the research sample.

Research Locale
This section of the study specifies and provides a clear description of the study's
environment. This focuses on this social context by describing the research setting's
typological and geographic boundaries. It explains a certain distance measurement,
geographic locations, and social and economic descriptions.

Research Instrumentation
For quantitative research, research instruments are of the foremost relevance because it
serves as the primary data sources for analysis. Research instruments might be in various
forms, such as a questionnaire, survey, checklist, interview schedule, field notes, and other
data collection techniques. The researcher may adopt or adapt an instrument from the
available existing protocol provided with proper citation of its source to acknowledge the
work of the previous author/s. The researcher shall describe the parts and contents of his/her
instrument and how the respondents/participants will respond to the said instrument/tool.

Validation and Reliability of Instrument

After designing a research instrument, the researcher must validate the instrument.
Before the tool is administered, it must undergo face validity, in which its content and
structure are evaluated by panel members or some invited experts from the same field. Then,
the researcher must administer the instrument for the field test in order to conduct a
reliability
examination. In order to test the instrument's generalizability, the tool must be answered by
other groups of respondents of the same characteristics, may it from the same research locale
or another place. Finally, the instrument's level of reliability shall be determined using
Cronbach's Alpha test of reliability or another similar test.

Data Gathering Procedure

This section of the research study describes the flow in the conduct of the study. This
process must be specified when asking permission from concerned individuals and offices in
pursuit of data gathering, crafting the questionnaire, and ending with the analysis and
interpretation of data. Then, the researcher shall expound on how the data gathering will be
done, like fielding the questionnaire, interview, focus group discussion, observation,
document analysis, and other techniques appropriate to the study.
Data Analysis
This section represents the most important phase of the research study. Quantitative
research is centered on locating statistical methods that correspond to the type of variables
your study includes. This section covers and specifies the statistical analysis and data
interpretation requirements based on descriptive and inferential statistical methods. For
perceptions, acceptance, and manifestations of variables among the mean and standard
deviation of respondents, personal variables, frequency, percentage distribution, and ranking
may be used. Statistical techniques for testing significant differences may be applied for
casually compared characteristics. For correlative characteristics, statistical approaches for
testing significant connections may be applied. In qualitative research, however, no additional
statistical methods are required for data interpretation or response analysis. As a basis for
interpretation, thematic analysis of the corpus of utterances is employed.
 Chapter 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This section displays the study's findings after the researcher analyzed the data
collected by presenting the significant results and discussing the study.
Results for Quantitative Research:
In this kind of research, data are displayed in tabular format. The Statement of the
Problem sequence must be considered when organizing their presentation. For example, if the
first question in such a part asks about personal variables from the study that were profiled,
the first table must also include information about the profile. In order to analyze data for this
kind of research and produce specific results, statistical methods are used to assess the level of
acceptance of the test of significant difference and the link between and among variables.
Data from tabular information must be presented and analyzed before interpretation is done.
Based on the interpretations, the researcher will now develop an inference of what the data
suggest in relation to the hypothesis put forth at the beginning of the study.

Discussion
In the discussion section of the Thesis, the researcher interprets and explains the
salient or significant findings and results of the study. Although, in contrast to the results
section, the researcher shall only provide and describe the analysis's findings, the discussion
section provides context for the research (whether qualitative or quantitative). In the
discussion section, the researcher shall elaborate on and evaluate the research findings and
discuss their significance and implications. Furthermore, the discussion of the significant
findings of the study shall be corroborated by the related literature and compared the results
and interpretations with related published work and theories.

Results and Discussions for Qualitative Research:

This type of research presents its data in a paragraphical form. The structure of the
problem statement will determine the order of their presentation. For example, suppose the
first question in such a section begins with a description of the study's personal variables. In
such a circumstance, the first paragraph of the conversation should also address the profile.
This sort of research use themes and coding, termed Thematic Analysis, to discover the in-
depth significance of the occurrences of the investigated phenomena. After the data from
paragraphical information has been presented and analyzed, interpretation must be produced.
However, each interpretation must be supported by a corpus of authentic statements or
utterances transcribed using the researcher's various data collection methods. The researcher
will now develop an implication of what the data mean based on the interpretations.
 Chapter 4
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the study's conclusions and recommendations after rigorously
examining the collected data and discussing the study's results section in the previous chapter.
Conclusions
This section of the study provides an overall summary of the study's findings. The
researcher is advised to conclude their studies with a single line that captures the validity of
their findings and outcomes. This section will be organized depending on the significant
results and discussion of the study.
Recommendations
This section of the study emphasizes the significance of the individuals identified or
entities in the significance section of the thesis manuscript. This emphasizes the viable
solutions to the identified problems that emerged during the study. This establishes the
longitudinal link between the current study and a series of studies that can be directed
cyclically.
 REFERENCES, APPENDICES, AND BIONOTE AS SUPPLEMENTAL PAGES
References
This section lists all of the sources that the researcher used to support his or her
Thesis, from the introduction through the discussion sections. The reference list must be
written in accordance with APA 7th Edition Style.

Appendices
The appendix is a section of a thesis containing additional information that may
contain graphics, tables, raw data, and other supporting information that does not belong in
the main body of the research paper. Each appendix should have its own title and
identification letters (Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C…). The numbering for any
tables or figures should start at the beginning of each new appendix. In addition, the
appendices as supplemental pages must include the following materials that are used in the
conduct of the study such as communication letters, a full copy of the research instruments, an
interview guide, FGD protocol, and some statistical results that are not included in the Results
section, and the researcher may include some selected photo-documentation that provides
evidence on the actual implementation of the study.

Bionote
The biographical note is a brief verbal “selfie" usually placed on the last page of the
thesis manuscript. The biographical note gives the reader key information about the author.
Only information about the researcher's position title and workplace, education, and skills
should be included in the bionote. It may also consider the most important information such
as personal or professional goals, values, skills and expertise, and interests and pastimes. It is
written in the paragraphical form and must not exceed 300 words.

THE PRELIMINARY PAGES

The preliminaries of the thesis manuscript comprise the title page, approval sheet,
abstract, acknowledgment, dedication, table of contents, list of tables, and list of figures. This
is usually done after the main content and supplemental pages of the thesis manuscript are
completely done.

Title Page
This page contains the title of the Thesis, degree, and specialization enrolled with, and
the researcher's name. See the sample title page in the appendices section of this manual.

Approval Sheet
An approval sheet for a thesis paper refers to the forms the author submits to the
thesis/research committee to receive approval for the work. See the sample title page in the
appendices section of this manual.
Abstract
An abstract is the summary of the major aspects of a paper that is composed of a
limited number of words ranging from 250 to 300 words only. It is usually one paragraph long
and should succinctly summarize why the research was conducted, how it was conducted,
what results were obtained, and what conclusions were drawn. In other words, an abstract
provides maximum information with minimum words, covering (1) short background of the
study; (2) the objective; (3) methodology; (4) salient results; and (5) conclusions and
recommendations of the study. Unlike an indicative summary, which describes what will be
covered in the paper (much like a table of contents), the abstract gives actual data and is
written in the simple past tense of the verb.

Acknowledgment
The acknowledgment section is an essential component of academic research
publications. It acknowledges the work of all contributors to the research paper. Here is how
you should credit your contributors. The information provided in the acknowledgments
section should be brief. It should consist only of individuals who are directly involved in the
study.

Dedication
The dedication part is where the researcher expresses thanks or credits others, typically
those who inspired or supported the researcher during the preparation of his/her research
paper and the completion of the study.

Table of Contents
The table of contents is where you list the chapters and major sections of the Thesis
alongside their page numbers. A clear and well-formatted table of contents is essential, as it
demonstrates to the reader that a quality paper will follow. See the sample title page in the
appendices section of this manual.

List of Tables and Figures

A list of figures and tables compiles all of the figures and tables that the researcher
presented in some sections of the Thesis, along with their corresponding page numbers. These
lists give the reader an overview of how the researcher used and presented figures and tables
in the Thesis.
DOCUMENTATION GUIDE USING AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL
ASSOCIATION (APA) STYLE 7th EDITION 2020
The School strictly adheres to the documentation of the research manuscript using the
APA 7th style and format. This is based on the American Psychological Association
Publication Manual (7th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
In-Text and Reference Citations
In the text of a research paper, if the author’s name is part of the narrative, include only the
year of publication in parentheses.

According to Smith (1998), the APA style is an easy citation format for first-time
learners. APA style is an easy citation format for first-time learners (Smith, 1998).

If citing a particular page or chapter of a document, include that information in parentheses.

APA style is an easy citation format for first-time learners (Smith, 1998, p. 203)

Author Type Parenthetical citation Narrative citation

One author (Gonzalez, 2019) Gonzalez (2019)
Two authors (Gonzalez & Jones, 2019) Gonzalez and Jones (2019)
Three or more authors (Gonzalez et al., 2019) Gonzalez et. al. (2019)
Group author with
abbreviation: First (American Psychological American Psychological
citation Association [APA], 2020) Association (APA,
2020)
Subsequent citations (APA, 2020) APA (2020)
Group author without (University of California, 2020) University of California
abbreviation (2020)
No author (“New drug,” 1993)
Use an abbreviated version of
the title.

Citations in Text with no page numbers:

If citing a particular part of a document which has no page numbers, include the paragraph
(para.) or section heading with the number of the paragraph.
Use paragraph number or section heading with the number of the paragraph.
(Myers, 2000, para. 5)
(Beutler, 2000, Conclusion section, para.1)

Citation of a work discussed in another (secondary) source:

In general it is expected that you seek out and use the original source of the information.
However, this is not always practical. To cite a secondary source, do the following.
In the Text:
Seidenberg and McClelland’s study (as cited in Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993)
…
Note: You will list the Coltheart reference in the reference list.

Creating a Reference List

At the end of the paper, in a section called “References,” full citations are listed in
alphabetical order. This is written in align-left, hanging indented, and single spacing format.

Example:
Smith, P. (1998). Learning to cite using APA Style. Journal of College Writing, 6, 60513.

Books:

By a Single Author

By Two or More Authors

DiFonzo, N., & Bordia, P. (2007). Rumor psychology: Social and organizational approaches.
American Psychological Association.

By a Corporate (Group) Author

American Sociological Association. (1975). Approaches to the study of social structure.
Free Press.

Edited Book
Rhodewalt, F. (Ed.). (2008). Personality and social behavior. Psychology Press.

No Author
The universal declaration of human rights. (1974). US Catholic Conference, Division of
Latin America.

Ebooks:

With a doi
Gillam, T. (2018). Creativity, wellbeing and mental health practice. Wiley
Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74884-9
Without a doi (Cite the same as a print book)
Lauwers, J., Opsomer, J. & Schwall, H. (Eds.). (2018). Psychology and the classics: a
dialogue of disciplines. De Gruyter.

From a website:
Sanger, M. (2000). Woman and the new race. Bartleby.com. http://www.bartleby.com/1013/
(Original work published 1920).

Chapters in Books:
Levi-Strauss, C. (1971). Totem and caste. In F.E. Katz (Ed.), Contemporary sociological
theory (pp. 82-89). Random House.

Article, Entry, or Chapter from an Online Reference Book (Encyclopedia, Dictionary,

Handbook):

Online with a doi:

Watkins, M. (2013). Mind-body problem. In H. Pashler (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the mind.
SAGE. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/978142257044.n191

Online with no doi:

Shevell, S. (2000). Color vision. In A. E. Pashler (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychology
(Vol.2, pp.182-186). Oxford University Press.

ERIC Documents:
Evans, V. (2016). An evaluation of CHAMPS for classroom management (ED581571). ERIC.
https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED581571

Journal Articles

Article without DOI or in print:

Scroggins, W.A. Thomas, S.L., & Morris, J.A. (2008). Psychological testing in
personnel selection, Part II: The refinement of methods and standard in employee
selection: Public Personnel Management, 37(2), 185-199.
Two or More Authors (up to 20 authors):
Klimonske, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organizations.
Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), 10-36.
doi:10.103/1061-4087.45.2.10

Note: If an article has 21 authors or more, list the first 19 authors, then insert ellipsis (…) and
then the last name and first initials of the last author.
Wolkchik, S.A., West, S.G., Sandler, I.N., Tein, J., Coastworth, D., Lengua, A., Ito, H.,
Ramirez, J., Jones, H., Anderson, P., Winkle, S., Short, A., Bergen, W., Weinworth, J.,
Ramos, P., Woo., L., Martin, B., Josephs, M., … Brown, Z. (2005). Study of brain.
Psychology Journal, 32(1), 1-15. doi:10.1037/1061-4087.45.1.11

Newspaper and Magazine Articles:

Online:
From a database (note: do not include database URL or name)

From a website, with no author:

It’s subpoena time. (2007, June 8). New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/08/opinion/08fri1.htm

Print:
Jones, S. (1997, October 19). Hit-and-run suspect commits suicide. New York Times, p. 17.

Magazine Article:

From a database or print:

Kluger, J. (2010, November 1). Keeping young minds healthy. Time, 176(18), 40-40.

From a website:
Heid, M. (2015, August 12). You asked: Why do I blush so much? Time.
http://time.com/3992760/blush-blushing/
Website:

Organization name as author (Group author):

National Institutes of Mental Health. (2015, may). Anxiety disorders.
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.
Note: When the author and the name of the website are the same, you don’t need to list it as
the name of the website.

No author, no date:
What psychology? (n.d.). BestPsychologyDegrees.com.
https://www.bestpsychologydegrees.com/what-is-psychology/
Notes:
 Only include a retrieval date if the information on the page is designed to change over
time.
 If you cite multiple webpages from a single website, you should create a separate
reference for each webpage. If you want to mention a website in its entirety, just
mention it in your text with the URL in parentheses; don’t include it in your
references.

Blog Posts:
Selingo, J. (2014, June 22). Reimagining the undergraduate experience: 4 provocative ideas.
Next. http://chronicle.com/blog/next/2014/06/22/reimagining-the-undergraduate-
experience-4-provocative-ideas/

Other Sources:
Test Reviews
Online
Newmann, D. L., & Rust, JO (1989). [Review of the test. ASSETS – A survey of students
educational talents and skills]. In J.C. Conoley & J.J. Kramer (Eds.). The tenth mental
measurements yearbook. Mental Measurements Yearbook with Tests in Print.

Charts, Tables, and Graphs

If you are reproducing a graphic, chart, or table, from some other source, you must
provide a special note at the bottom of the item that includes copyright information. If you are
submitting your work for publication or if your work is a dissertation or master's Thesis you
should also submit written permission along with your work. If your work is a paper
submitted for course work, permission is not necessary. In either case, begin the citation with
"Note."
Note: From “Experiences of peer aggression and parental attachment are correlated in
adolescence,” by R.M. Earl and N.R. Burns, 2009, Personality and Individual
Differences, 47, p. 751. Copyright 2009 by the authors. Reprinted with permission.

If permission is not sought, substitute “Permission not sought” in place “Reprinted with
permission.”

Video
DVD or HVS:
Stavely-Taylor, H. (Director). (2006). Introduction to designing experiments [Film:
DVD].
Uniview Worldwide; Cambridge Educational.

Streaming Online:

From a database:
BBC (Producer). (2014). Living with autism. [Film; Streaming Video]. Films on Demand.

From a website:
Lancaster, B. (Presenter). (2018, June 22). Behaviorial treatments for ADHD
[Video].
Michigan Medicine. Youtube. https://www/youtube/com/watch?v=iUggs8N_-nlo

Dissertations or Theses
Electronic Copy of a Thesis or Dissertation from a Database:
Rockey, R. (2008). An observational study of pre-service teacher’s classroom
management strategies (Publication No. 33035450 [Doctoral dissertation, Indiana
University of Pennsylvanaia]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

Electronic Copy of a Thesis or Dissertation from an Online Archive or Repository:

Gerena, C. (2015). Positive Thinking in Dance: The Benefits of Positive Self-Talk Practice
in Conjunction with Somatic Exercises for Collegiate Dancers [Master's Thesis,
University of California Irvine]. University of California, eScholarship.
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/lt39b6g3

Personal Communications:
Personal communications such as Emails, lectures, or conversations should be cited
as personal communications in text only (not in the reference list) in the following format:
R.J. Smith (personal communication, August 15, 2015)