Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

AUTOMATION OF RAILWAY GATE SYSTEM USING IOT

1
Kapu Ajay,2Telugu Sivasankar,3Telugu Raghava,4E Sharath Raj,5Y Diwakar Babu,
6
S Mohammad Aktar, 7S A Mansoor
123456
B.Tech Students,7Assistant Professor
Dept of ECE
Dr.K.V.Subbareddy Institute of Technology, Kurnool

Abstract – Majority of the people like to travel

in trains because it is affordable comfortable and
fastest mode of transportation. In spite of large
usage of railways, It is still not developed in
technology in certain areas like level crossings.
level crossing gates are still manually operated
and many unmanned railway gates are present.
Railway gates are mainly used to save the road
users to prevent accidents from occurring. In
every level crossing there are so many of the
railway accidents are occurring due to the
carelessness and lack of experienced workers.
The main objective of this project is to control
and operate the railway gate automatically and
prevent accidents to save precious human lives.
It helps to prevent accidents from occurring and
reduce the manual labour. Here, we use Arduino
and IR sensor.IR sensor use the IR transmitter to
pass the arrival of train information, IR receiver
receives the information and pass it to the micro
controller. Arduino use the DC motor to close or
open the gate. RFID Reader takes the
information of station and its gives to the
registered users.
I. INTRODUCTION
Railroad is one of the transient mode
which has an important role in moving
passengers and freights. However railroad
accidents are more dangerous than other
transportation accidents in terms of severity and
death rate etc. Now-a-days India is the country
which having world’s largest railway network.
Over hundreds of railway running on track every Fig: Road Accidents at Railway gate control
day. As we know that it is surely impossible to Railway safety is a crucial aspect of rail
stop, the running train at instant is some critical operation the world over. Malfunctions resulting
situation or emergency arises. Train accidents in accidents usually get wide media coverage
having serious repercussions in terms of loss of even when the railway is not at fault and give to
human life injury, damage to railway property. rail transport, among the uninformed public, an
This includes the collision of trains at level undeserved image of inefficiency often fueling
crossings. calls for immediate reforms. This paper is aimed
at helping the railway administrations concerned
to strengthen their safety culture and develop the
monitoring tools required by modern safety

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

management. Railroad intersections are very the human mistakes which occur while operating
unique, special, potentially dangerous and yet the gates a new automatic railway crossing
unavoidable in the World. Here two different system is developed using IoT. The second
entities with entirely different responsibilities, important problem in the manual railway
domains, performances come together and crossing system is that vehicles have to wait
converge for a single cause of providing a more time at railway crossings even if the train
facility to the road user. During the normal leaves the crossing station. In manual systems
operation also, there is every possibility of the gatekeeper will close the railway gates when
accidents occurring even with very little the train is at a distance of 10km from the station
negligence in procedure and the result is of very and open the railway gates after the train
high risk. The potential for accidents is made departed the station and it goes 10km away from
higher as the railways control only half the the crossing station. When the train leaves the
problem. The other half, meanwhile, cannot station there will be no chance of causing
really be said to be controlled by one entity, as accidents and the vehicles can go now. In order
even though traffic rules and road design to avoid the number of accidents occurring at
standards supposedly exist, the movements of railway crossings and reduce the maximum time
road users are not organized and monitored by delay at railway crossing we proposed a solution
one specific entity as rigidly as rail movements. which is used to automate the manual operations
The railway systems of Asia and the Pacific are of the railway crossing system using IoT. Our
no exception to this. Each year, accidents at System will provide a smart solution to the
level crossings not only cause fatalities or railway crossing system and provides a high
serious injuries to many thousands of road users accurate and reliable solution to operate the
and railway passengers, but also impose a heavy railway gates
financial burden in terms of disruptions of II.LITERATURE REVIEW
railway and road services and damages to The existing conventional signaling
railway and road vehicles and property. system most of the times relay on the oral
The railway systems in India and other communication through telephonic and
countries are the most commonly used mode of telegraphic conversations as input for the
transportation and it is also one of the low cost decision making in track allocation for trains.
modes of transportation. There are thousands of There is large scope for miscommunication of
rails running on track every day. In railway the information or communication gap due to the
systems it is impossible to stop some of the higher human interference in the system. This
critical situations or emergencies that occur miscommunication may lead to wrong allocation
during the running of the train. Every year of the track for trains, which ultimately leads to
nearly 20,000 people lose their lives in railway the train collision. The statistics in the
crossing accidents. The system which is used developing countries showing that 80% of worst
today by the Indian railways at the railway collisions occurred so far is due to either human
crossings is not reliable and safe. The railway error or incorrect decision making through
gates are manually operated by a gatekeeper miscommunication in signaling and its
when any communication mismatch occurs implementation. IR sensors are also used to
while sending the train status to the gatekeeper identify the cracks in the railway. IR sensors
this will lead to accidents at railway crossing. have limitations due to the geographic nature of
The present solution is not the best and efficient the tracks. The Anti collision device system also
way to handle railway gates and it is very error is found to be ineffective as it is not considering
prone. A railway crossing is an intersection of a any active inputs from existing Railway
road and a railway track. It requires human signaling system, and also lacks two ways
coordination to open and close the gates when communication capability between the trains and
the train arrives at the crossing station. Lack of the control centers or stations. Later
this proper communication to the gatekeeper geographical sensors have also been used which
about train arrival will lead to accidents and loss makes use of satellites for communication. But
of human life, loss of property. In order to avoid the system is costly and complicated to

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

implement. At present laser proximity detector is from the transgressions by road users (despite
used for collision avoidance, IR sensors the fact that in many countries the law gives it
identifies the cracks in the railway track and gate priority of passage over road users), it is the
control is done by manual switch controlled railway which also has to shoulder most of the
gate. But there is no combined solution for financial burden of providing this protection.
collision between trains, train derailment in Similarly, it is the railway, which has most of
curves and bends and the automatic control of the responsibility for educating road users on the
railway gate. safe use of its level crossings. Notwithstanding
Railway safety is a crucial aspect of rail this, it appears that in many regions, railways are
operation the world over. Malfunctions resulting ill-equipped to be in a position to monitor level
in accidents usually get wide media coverage crossing safety effectively and to take both
even when the railway is not at fault and give to corrective and pro-active measures to improve
rail transport, among the uninformed public, an the safety of their level crossing installations. 12
undeserved image of inefficiency often fueling In the rapidly flourishing country like ours, even
calls for immediate reforms. This paper is aimed though all the latest technologies are there train
at helping the railway administrations concerned collisions are occurring frequently.
to strengthen their safety culture and develop the The railway accidents are happening
monitoring tools required by modern safety due to the carelessness in manual operations or
management. Railroad intersections are very lack of workers. The other main reasons for the
unique, special, potentially dangerous and yet collisions of Train are: 1.Train Derailment in
unavoidable in the World. Here two different curves and bends,2.Running Train collisions
entities with entirely different responsibilities, with the Standing Train,3.Train Accidents in
domains, performances come together and Slopes,4.Mis- signaling due to fog or Mist.
converge for a single cause of providing a There is no fruitful steps have been taken so far
facility to the road user. During the normal in these areas. This paper deals about one of the
operation also, there is every possibility of efficient methods to avoid train Collision and
accidents occurring even with very little derailment. Also by using simple electronic
negligence in procedure and the result is of very components we tried to automate the control of
high risk. The potential for accidents is made railway gate in an embedded platform.
higher as the railways control only half the
problem. The other half, meanwhile, cannot III.DESIGN OF HARDWARE
really be said to be controlled by one entity, as This chapter briefly explains about the
even though traffic rules and road design Hardware. It discuss the circuit diagram of each
standards supposedly exist, the movements of module in detail.
ARDUINO UNO
road users are not organized and monitored by
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board
one specific entity as rigidly as rail movements. based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14
The railway systems of Asia and the Pacific are digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
no exception to this. Each year, accidents at PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic
level crossings not only cause fatalities or resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
serious injuries to many thousands of road users header, and a reset button. It contains everything
and railway passengers, but also impose a heavy needed to support the microcontroller; simply
financial burden in terms of disruptions of connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it
railway and road services and damages to with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
railway and road vehicles and property. A very The Uno differs from all preceding boards in
that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver
high number of these collisions are caused by
chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2
the negligence, incompetence or incapacity of (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a
road vehicle drivers, who by and large operate USB-to-serial converter. Uno board has a resistor
their vehicles in environments in which safety pulling the 8U2 HWB line to ground, making it
consciousness is practically non-existent. Since easier to put into DFU mode. Arduino board has the
it is the railway which must bear the following new features:
responsibility for ensuring that it is protected

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• 1.0 pin out: added SDA and SCL pins that 16 characters each. It displays all the alphabets,
are near to the AREF pin and two other new pins Greek letters, punctuation marks, mathematical
placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that allow symbols etc. In addition, it is possible to display
the shields to adapt to the voltage provided from the symbols that user makes up on its own. Automatic
board. In future, shields will be compatible both with shifting message on display (shift left and right),
the board that use the AVR, which operate with 5V appearance of the pointer, backlight etc. are
and with the Arduino Due that operate with 3.3V. considered as useful characteristics.
The second one is a not connected pin, that is
reserved for future purposes.
• Stronger RESET circuit.
• Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2.
"Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the
upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The Uno and
version 1.0 will be the reference versions of Arduino,
moving forward. The Uno is the latest in a series of
USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Fig: LCD
Arduino platform; for a comparison with previous BUZZER
versions, see the index of Arduino boards. Digital systems and microcontroller pins
lack sufficient current to drive the circuits like relays,
buzzer circuits etc. While these circuits require
around 10milli amps to be operated, the
microcontroller’s pin can provide a maximum of 1-
2milli amps current. For this reason, a driver such as
a power transistor is placed in between the
microcontroller and the buzzer circuit.

Fig: ARDUINO UNO

POWER SUPPLY:
The power supplies are designed to convert
high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low
voltage supply for electronic circuits and other devices. A
power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, WIFI MODULE:
each of which performs a particular function. A d.c
The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip with
power supply which maintains the output voltage
full TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability
constant irrespective of a.c mains fluctuations or load
produced by Shanghai-based Chinese manufacturer,
variations is known as “Regulated D.C Power Supply”.
Espressif Systems.[1]
The chip first came to the attention of
western makers in August 2014 with the ESP-
01 module, made by a third-party manufacturer, Ai-
Thinker. This small module allows microcontrollers
to connect to a Wi-Fi network and make simple
TCP/IP connections using Hayes-style commands.
However, at the time there was almost no English-
language documentation on the chip and the
Fig: Block Diagram of Power Supply commands it accepted.[2] The very low price and the
fact that there were very few external components on
LCD DISPLAY the module which suggested that it could eventually
A model described here is for its low price be very inexpensive in volume, attracted many
and great possibilities most frequently used in hackers to explore the module, chip, and the software
practice. It is based on the HD44780 microcontroller
(Hitachi) and can display messages in two lines with

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on it, as well as to translate the Chinese RFID tags are used in many industries. For
documentation.[3] example, an RFID tag attached to an automobile
The ESP8285 is an ESP8266 with 1 MiB of built-in during production can be used to track its
flash, allowing for single-chip devices capable of progress through the assembly line; RFID-
connecting to Wi-Fi.[4] tagged pharmaceuticals can be tracked through
The successor to these microcontroller chips is
warehouses; and implanting RFID microchips in
the ESP32. livestock and pets enables positive identification
of animals.
SERVO MOTOR
A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear
actuator that allows for precise control of
angular or linear position, velocity and
acceleration.[1] It consists of a suitable motor
coupled to a sensor for position feedback. It also
requires a relatively sophisticated controller,
often a dedicated module designed specifically
for use with servomotors.
IR SENSOR Servomotors are not a specific class of motor,
Infrared is a energy radiation with a frequency although the term servomotor is often used to
below our eyes sensitivity, so we cannot see it refer to a motor suitable for use in a closed-loop
Even that we can not "see" sound frequencies, control system.
we know that it exist, we can listen them. Servomotors are used in applications such
as robotics, CNC machinery or automated
manufacturing.

Even that we can not see or hear infrared, we IV. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
can feel it at our skin temperature sensors. This chapter deals with working and
When you approach your hand to fire or warm circuits. It can be simply understood by its block
element, you will "feel" the heat, but you can't diagram &circuit diagram.
see it. You can see the fire because it emits other BLOCK DIAGRAM:
types of radiation, visible to your eyes, but it
also emits lots of infrared that you can only feel
in your skin.

RFID (Radio-frequency identification)

Radio-frequency identification (RFID)
uses electromagnetic fields to automatically
identify and track tags attached to objects. The
tags contain electronically-stored information.
Passive tags collect energy from a nearby RFID
reader's interrogating radio waves. Active tags
have a local power source (such as a battery) and
may operate hundreds of meters from the RFID
reader. Unlike a barcode, the tag need not be
within the line of sight of the reader, so it may Fig block diagram
be embedded in the tracked object. RFID is one SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
method of automatic identification and data  AURDUINO UNO
capture (AIDC).[1] HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
 Power supply

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 ARDUINO gates. Whenever the ultrasonic sensor detects the

 IR SENSOR train it will update the train status to the IoT
 wifi cloud platform. If the arrival ultrasonic sensor
 LCD detects the train then the train status is updated
WORKING: as 1 by the NodeMcu in cloud. If departure
We proposed a reliable System which can ultrasonic sensor detects train then the train
reduce the number of accidents occurring at status is updated as 0 in cloud by NodeMcu.
railway level crossingsand reduce the time
which the vehicles have to wait at crossing V.CONCLUSION
stations. In our system we use 2 ir sensors and a
pair of ir sensors are used to detect the train Automated railway crossing system using IoT is
arrival in both the directions and the other pair an effective and best solution to the problems
of sensors are used to detect train departure in occuring in the manual system used by the
both the directions. In India there are many types Indian railways. This System provides high
of rails travelling on the railway track daily like benefits to the road users and railway
goods, passenger and express etc , the maximum management. This system reduces the accidents
speed of a train is approximately 97Km/Hr and which are occured at railway crossings and
the minimum speed of a train is approximately reduces the waiting time of vehicles at railway
50 Km/Hr . By considering all the trains types crossing to maximum extent. As this system
and train speeds the Ideal distance to detect the does not need any human resources it can be
train by Ultrasonic sensors is about 6Km to 7Km implemented in any remote areas and rural areas
from the crossing station and similarly the Ideal where there is no railway gate keeper. The
distance to detect the train departure by proposed system uses the servo motors to lift the
ultrasonic sensor is about 2Kms to 3Kms from gates and these are very reliable and accurate to
the railway crossing. The System is composed of lift or down the gate by the specified angle
ir sensors, Servo Motors, LED Signals , Buzzer , rotation. Finally we will conclude that the
Arduino Microcontroller and NodeMcu Wi-Fi proposed system will have high reliability, high
module. The Ultrasonic sensors are used to performance and low cost compared to the
detect the train arrival and departure. The Servo existing system which is presently in use.
Motors are used to open and close the railway Register user get alert of station name when the
gates. The LED lights are used as traffic signals train arrived to the station through APP.
at railway crossing and the Buzzer signal is used
to warn the vehicles about the train REFERENCES
arrival.Through RFID station information will [1] Dr. Velayutham R, Sangeethavani. T,
get the register user through wifi. It will display Sundaralakshmi.K, “Controlling Railway gates
on Mobile net App. using smart phones by tracking trains with
The proposed system uses the ultrasonic sensor GPS”, International Conference on circuits
to detect the train arrival and which is to be power and Computer Technologies, 2017.
placed at a distance of 7 kms from the railway [2] E Amarnatha Reddy,Ilaiah Kavati,K
crossing , when the train is detected by the Srinivas Rao, G Kiran Kumar, ”A Secure
arrival sensor and it sends signal to Railway Crossing System Using IoT”,
microcontroller to perform the following International Conference on Electronics,
operations sequentially, the passengers at the Communication and Aerospace
level crossing are warned with buzzer signal and Technology,2017.
the LED signal turns to RED and the the railway [3] M. Duraishanmugapriyan, ”Automatic
gates to closed. In the same way when the train Railway Gate Controlling System”, 2nd
leaves the station the departure sensor detects International conference on emerging trends in
the train departure and it sends a signal to the engineering technology,science and
microcontroller to perform the following management, may 2017.
operations sequentially , stops the buzzer signal , [4] Hnin Ngwe Yee Pwint,Zaw Myo Tun, Hla
turns Green LED signal and opens the railway Myo Tun, ”Automatic Railway gate control

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system using Microcontroller”, International

Journal of science, Engineering and Technology
Research, May 2014.
[5] Acy M. Kottalil, Abhijith M M,Abbhilash L
J. , Ajith Babu, ”Automatic Railway Gate
Control System”, International journal of
advance research on electrical electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering vol 3 issue 2, feb
2014.
[6] R. Karthik, Aby K.Thomas, “Automated
Train Control System with real time tracking
facility base on GPS and On board Disaster
prevention network”, volume 3 issue 4, April
2014

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