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IPv 4

IPv4 is essential for logical addressing in computer networks, providing unique 32-bit addresses to devices. It helps identify both the network and specific devices using subnet masks, and is categorized into classes for different network sizes. Despite its importance, IPv4 has limitations due to a finite number of addresses, leading to the need for IPv6.

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12 views2 pages

IPv 4

IPv4 is essential for logical addressing in computer networks, providing unique 32-bit addresses to devices. It helps identify both the network and specific devices using subnet masks, and is categorized into classes for different network sizes. Despite its importance, IPv4 has limitations due to a finite number of addresses, leading to the need for IPv6.

Uploaded by

tech4fresherss
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IPv4 in Logical Addressing

IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) is a fundamental part of the logical addressing system in
computer networks. It ensures that data can travel from one device to another over a network. Let's
break this down simply:

1. What is Logical Addressing?


Logical addressing is the system used to assign unique identifiers (addresses) to devices on a
network. Unlike physical addresses (like MAC addresses tied to hardware), logical addresses are
flexible and can change based on the network configuration.
In IPv4, the logical address is a 32-bit number assigned to each device.

2. How does an IPv4 Address Look Like?


An IPv4 address is usually written in a format called dotted decimal notation, like this:

192.168.1.1

Each part (called an octet) represents 8 bits and ranges from 0 to 255.

3. How Does IPv4 Help in Networking?


IPv4 addresses are used to identify both:
• The network a device belongs to.
• The host (specific device) within that network.
This is achieved using subnet masks that divide the address into:
• Network ID: Identifies the network.
• Host ID: Identifies the device within the network.

4. How Is IPv4 Used?


When data is sent over a network:
• Source Address: The IPv4 address of the sender.
• Destination Address: The IPv4 address of the recipient.
Routers use these addresses to forward data across networks until it reaches the right device.

5. Classes of IPv4 Addresses


IPv4 addresses are grouped into classes to define large or small networks:
• Class A: Large networks (e.g., 10.0.0.0).
• Class B: Medium-sized networks (e.g., 172.16.0.0).
• Class C: Small networks (e.g., 192.168.0.0).
• Class D: For multicast.
• Class E: Reserved for research.

6. Private and Public Addresses


• Private IPv4 Addresses: Used within a local network, not routable on the internet.
• Examples: 192.168.x.x, 10.x.x.x
• Public IPv4 Addresses: Unique and used on the internet.

7. Limitations of IPv4
IPv4 has only about 4.3 billion unique addresses. With the growth of the internet, this led to IPv4
exhaustion, this leads to the development of IPv6.

Summary
IPv4 is a key part of logical addressing, allowing devices to communicate on networks by providing
unique, structured addresses. It ensures data is correctly routed between the source and destination
in a networked environment.

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