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AutoCAD is a CAD software developed by Autodesk that supports 2-D and 3-D design, widely used across various engineering disciplines including civil, mechanical, and electrical. It utilizes coordinate systems for object placement, employing absolute and relative coordinates for drawing lines and shapes. The document provides examples of using different coordinate systems to create drawings in AutoCAD.

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12 views8 pages

1

AutoCAD is a CAD software developed by Autodesk that supports 2-D and 3-D design, widely used across various engineering disciplines including civil, mechanical, and electrical. It utilizes coordinate systems for object placement, employing absolute and relative coordinates for drawing lines and shapes. The document provides examples of using different coordinate systems to create drawings in AutoCAD.

Uploaded by

Mr. Y. Pratap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction:

AutoCAD is a software application for computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting. AutoCAD stands
for Automated Computer-Aided Design. The software supports both 2-D and 3-D formats. The
software is developed by Autodesk, Inc.

Use of AutoCAD in civil discipline:


AutoCAD is useful in all fields of engineering and technologies.
In the civil field, AutoCAD is used to draw the following:
Floor plans

Floor plan is the architectural drawings of the building that shows the location and size of rooms,
doors, windows, stairs, tables and other necessary items.

Use of AutoCAD in mechanical discipline:


In the mechanical field, AutoCAD is used to help you create, modify, and document the drawings of
machine components such as shafts, keys, brakes, clutches etc.

Use of AutoCAD in electrical discipline:


In the electrical field, AutoCAD is studied to draw the followings:
1) Electrical Layout
2) Wiring Diagram

Electrical layouts are architectural drawings of the building that shows and identifies the electrical
devices.
Wiring (connection) diagram shows the connection of an installation of electrical component
devices.

The AutoCAD Coordinate System


In AutoCAD, all objects drawn on the screen are placed there based on the co-ordinate systems. In
the AutoCAD 2D coordinate system, units are measured horizontally in terms of X and vertically in
terms of Y.

Types of Coordinate System:


There are two types of coordinate system used in AutoCAD.
1) Absolute coordinate
2) Relative coordinate

1) Absolute coordinate :
In absolute coordinate entry method, coordinate points are entered relative to the origin (0,0). A 2-D
point can be determined in terms of X, Y. The coordinate point X, Y = (9, 6) means that the point is
9 units to the right of the origin and 6 units above the origin. The point X, Y = (-10,-4) is 10 units to
the left and 4 points below the origin, as shown in figure 1.

Figure 1: The four quadrants and X, Y coordinates signs

2) Relative coordinate :
In relative coordinate entry method, coordinate points are entered relative to the previous point.
The @ symbol is entered before each set of coordinate.

Relative coordinate has two types.


a. Relative Rectangular Coordinate
b. Relative Polar Coordinate

a. Relative Rectangular Coordinate :


A relative rectangular coordinate is a point located from a previously selected point in horizontal (X)
and vertical direction (Y). To enter a relative coordinate, enter the first point using absolute
coordinate, then enter the next coordinate point with the @ symbol. For example: @10,6 means the
point is 10 units away in horizontal direction and 6 units away in vertical direction from the previous
point.
b. Relative Polar Coordinate:
A polar coordinate is a point in the coordinate system that is determined by a distance and an angle.
In polar coordinate entry method, a line with some units of length is drawn at an angle with respect
to positive x-axis. For example: @20<45 means a line of length 20 units is drawn at an angle of 45
degrees with respect to positive x-axis relative to the previous point.

Drawing a Line in AutoCAD using different Coordinate Systems:


If you want to draw a line in AutoCAD, you can do it in the following ways:
i. At the command line type: LINE (or) L and press the ENTER key.
ii. Select the line icon from the DRAW panel.

In AutoCAD, a line is defined by its two end points.

Example 1: To draw the following horizontal line in AutoCAD having its end points at (20,30)
and (80,30).

Enter the following command entries at the command window.

Command: line or l
LINE Specify first point: 20,30
Specify next point or [Undo]: 80,30
Specify next point or [Undo]: *Press Enter* or *Press Escape*
Example 2: To draw the following diagram (considering it as a series of lines) using Absolute
coordinates system.

Enter the following command entries at the command window.

Command: line or l
LINE Specify first point: 40,60
Specify next point or [Undo]: 100,60
Specify next point or [Undo]: 100,80
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 60,80
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 60,100
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 40,100
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 40,60 or close or c

Note: Close command will draw the line from the current position to the starting or first point.

Example 3: To draw the following diagram using Relative rectangular coordinates system.
Enter the following command entries at the command window.

Command: line or l
LINE Specify first point: 100,100
Specify next point or [Undo]: @90,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,15
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-25,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,20
Specify next point o r [Close/Undo]: @-30,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,20
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-35,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-55 or close or c

Example 4: To draw the following diagram using relative polar coordinates.

Point 70, 90 is mentioned as the start point and the subsequent lines are drawn in anti-clockwise
direction. Following command entries must be entered to draw the above shape in AutoCAD.
Command: line
LINE Specify first point: 70,90
Specify next point or [Undo]: @130,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @43<69
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @120,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @70<30
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,100
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @80<135
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-60,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-70
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @100<135
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-45,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @80<225
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-45,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @90<315
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c
Exercise

Q.1: Write the command entries to draw the following diagram in AutoCAD using Absolute
coordinates system.

Q.2: Write the command entries to draw the following diagram in AutoCAD using Relative
rectangular coordinates system (Figure is symmetrical).
Q.3: Write the command entries to draw the following diagrams in AutoCAD using Relative polar
coordinates system.

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