MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION

PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Distance Protection - 7SL82

GENERAL INFORMATION

Nominal system voltage phase-phase 63 KV

Power system frequency 50 HZ
Minimum power factor 0.9
maximum short curcuit (3φmax) 40 KA
minimum short curcuit (3φmin) 19.54 KA
minimum short curcuit (1φmin) 17.07 KA
Transmission Angle 74.4 deg
Voltage transformer ratio (LINE) 63 / 110 KV/V
Voltage transformer ratio (BUS) 63 / 110 KV/V
Current transformer ratio 1200 / 1 A
I4 Current transformer ratio 1200 / 1 A
Current transformer data CLTPY
Line 1 – length 3.3 km
Maximum load current 928 % full load
Minimum operating voltage 85 % nominal voltage
Full load apparent power (S) 112.55 MVA
Line 1 – positive seq. impedance per km Z1 0.073922 +j 0.265319 Ω/Km
Line 1 – zero seq. impedance per km Z0 0.29177 +j 1.2287 Ω/Km
Next Shortest line - length 3.3 km
Next Shortest line- positive seq. impedance per km Z1 0.07392 +j 0.26532 Ω/Km
Next Shortest line- zero seq. impedance per km Z0 0.29177 +j 1.2287 Ω/Km
Next longest line - length 61.3 km
Next longest line- positive seq. impedance per km Z1 0.0645 +j 0.4057 Ω/Km
Next longest line- zero seq. impedance per km Z0 0.2807 +j 1.2287 Ω/Km
Busbar short circuit level 40 KA

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 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Application

The distance protection function is the most widely spread protection function in transmission and
subtransmission networks. It is also becoming increasingly important in distribution networks. The main reasons
for this are:
• Its independence on communication links between the line ends, because for its operation, it uses information
about the locally available currents and voltages.
• The distance protection forms a relatively selective protection system (non-unit protection system) in the power
network. This means that it can also operate as a remote back-up protection for other primary elements in the
network.
The basic requirements for modern line protection, such as speed, sensitivity and selectivity, with their strict
requirements for dependability and security (availability), are getting more stringent.

Impedance conversion

The setting in the relay are referred to the secondary values.

If Zprim is the primary ohms, the secondary values Z sec are calculated from the primary ones through the
impedance Transformer Factor Kimp that is calculated from the transformer ratios of the current
transformers and voltage transformers supplying the relay :

Zsec=(Usec / Uprim)*(Iprim / Isec)*Zprim

Zsec=(CTr / VTr)*Zprim

Zsec = Kimp * Zprim

Where : Kimp = CTr / VTr =

Kimp 1200
= = 2.10
572.7
CTr is the ratio between the primary rated current and the secondary rated current of the current
transformer that supplies the relay.
VTr is the ratio between the primary rated voltage and the secondary rated voltage of the voltage
transformer that supplies the relay.

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 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Distance Protection with Classic Method

Overview of Functions

The Distance protection (ANSI 21, 21N) function is available in 3 variants:

• Distance protection for grounded systems with 3-phase tripping
• Distance protection for isolated/resonant-grounded systems with 3-phase tripping
• Distance protection for grounded systems with 1-/3-pole tripping

The function Distance protection for grounded systems (ANSI 21 N):

• Is a form of selective short-circuit protection for lines and cables supplied from one or more end(s) in radial,
looped or meshed systems,
• Is used as backup protection for busbars, transformers and other lines
• Works only in systems with grounded neutral point
• Trips 1- or 3-pole
• Is suitable for use in all voltage levels

The function Distance protection for grounded systems can be placed in function groups that provide voltage and
current measured values as well as line parameters. The function Distance protection for grounded systems
consists of the following blocks:
• General
• Pickup method
• Distance zones (quadrilateral characteristic curve preconfigured)
• 1-pole/3-pole output logic

Application and Setting Notes - General Settings

Set the following settings under General in the function Distance protection for grounded systems. The
setting values are valid for all zones in the distance protection.

Parameter: Zone timer start

The Zone timer start parameter is used to determine the time at which the time delays of the zones start. If the
time delays of all zones start simultaneously, select on dist. pickup. In this case, if the fault type or measurement
loop selection changes, all time delays continue to run. Siemens recommends using this setting. If it is set to on
zone pickup, The time delay for the zone starts with zone pickup. If you need to coordinate the function with
other distance or overcurrenttime protection functions, select this setting.
Recommended setting value (_:2311:110) Zone timer start = on zone pickup

_:110 : Zone timer start : on zone pickup

Parameter: Dist. characteristic angle

The Dist. characteristic angle parameter allows you to set the inclination angle of the distance protection
characteristic curve. The inclination angle set here for the distance protection characteristic curve is applied to all
zones in the function.
Siemens recommends setting the Dist. characteristic angle parameter to the line angle.

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 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Calculate the line angle from the data of the positive-sequence impedance on the line to be protected:

Z1= R1 + j X1 = 0.074 + j 0.265

X1 0.265
Line angle= arctan( )= arctan( )= 74 deg
R1 0.074

_:107 : Dist. characteristic angle : 74 º

If you need to coordinate the function with other equipment, you can also set the inclination angle of the distance
protection characteristic differently.

Parameter: Ground-fault detection

The Ground-fault detection parameter determines the criteria used for ground-fault detection. If either the
residual-current criterion (3I0>) or the zero-sequence voltage criterion (V0>) leads to ground-fault detection,
select 3I0 or V0. For grounded systems, the OR operation of the criteria 3I0> and V0> is a reliable criterion for
ground-fault detection. The criteria complement one another. For a weak infeed, the zero-sequence current is low
and the zero-sequence voltage high. For a strong infeed, the conditions are reversed. Siemens recommends this
setting for grounded systems. If you wish to use both criteria for ground-fault detection (logical AND linking of
zero-sequence current and zero-sequence voltage criteria), select 3I0 and V0. If only the zero-sequence current
criterion is to be used for ground-fault detection, select 3I0 only. Recommended
setting value (_:2311:105) Ground-fault detection = 3I0 or V0

_:105 : Ground-fault detection : 3I0 or V0

Parameter: 3I0> threshold value

The 3I0> threshold value parameter is used to define the zero-sequence current limit for ground-fault detection.
The parameter 3I0> threshold value must be set to a value less than the lowest expected ground current in
ground faults on the protected feeder. For the distance protection to be triggered for external remote faults as
backup protection, set the 3I0> threshold value parameter to a more sensitive value than that necessary for
internal faults. Siemens recommends keeping the default setting of 0.10 A.
Based on IGMC requirements, it should be set to 300 A at 400 kv and 200 A at other voltage levels.

300 A at 400 kv 200 A at other voltage level

_:103 : 3I0> threshold value : 0.166666667 A

Parameter: V0> threshold value

The V0> threshold value parameter is used to define the zero-sequence voltage limit for ground-fault detection.
For ground faults in a grounded system, there is a zero-sequence voltage. The zero-sequence voltage drops as the
distance between the fault location and the measuring point increases. Siemens recommends keeping the default
setting of 1.66 V. If power-system unbalances can cause higher zero-sequence voltages to occur during operation,
increase the default setting.

Based on IGMC requirements, it should be set to 20% of Vn

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 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
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SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

3V0 = 0.2 * Vn = 12.70

_:102 : V0> threshold value : 12.70

Parameter: 3I0> Pickup stabilization

The 3I0 pickup stabilization parameter is used to set the inclination of the 3I0> characteristic curve for ground-
fault detection. Power-system unbalance (for example, untwisted lines) and current-transformer errors can cause
a residual current flow at the protection device in the case of higher phase currents, even if there is no ground
fault. The 3I0 pickup stabilization parameter is used to avoid ground activation. If no extreme power-system
unbalance and unusually large current-transformer errors are expected, Siemens recommends keeping the default
value of 0.10.

_:104 : 3I0> Pickup stabilization : 0.1

Parameter: Loop select. with ph-ph-g

The Loop select. with ph-ph-g parameter is used to determine which loops will be analyzed by the distance
protection in the event of double ground faults. You can restrict the analysis to certain loops. If you wish to
restrict analysis to certain loops, they must have the same direction.
In two-end feed to a shared fault resistance to ground, the phase-to-ground loop of the leading phase tends to over-
reach. If you set the parameter Loop select. with ph-ph-g = block leading phase, these loops will not be
analyzed.

_:108 : Loop select. with ph-ph-g : block leading phase

In a double line, ground faults may occur simultaneously on both lines. To avoid blocking of the internal fault
loop, the parameter Loop select. with ph-ph-g must be set to ph-gnd only or all for this application. In this case,
to ensure the selectivity of protection, reduce the range of the under-reaching zone.

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 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Pickup Method: Impedance Pickup

There are different pickup methods including Impedance pickup, Over current pickup, V/I pickup and V/I/Ф
pickup of which the more common is Impedance pickup method. In impedance pickup, the phase currents are
monitored. If the phase currents exceed the set Min. phase current thresh, the impedances between the phase-
to-phase loops are calculated. If a ground fault is detected, the impedances of the phase-to-ground loops are also
calculated. Impedance pickup includes the elimination of apparent impedance and – if activated – monitoring of
the load cutout.
Parameter: Min. phase-current thresh

Set the Min. phase-current thresh parameter to a very sensitive value (10 % of Irated). If the minimum phase
current is exceeded, the distance protection calculates the impedance. The sensitive setting allows you to ensure
the backup function of the distance protection in case of remote faults in other feeders. If the minimum phase
current in some short circuits – depending on system conditions – is not exceeded, you will have to take special
measures for the weak infeed. Siemens recommends using the default setting Min. phase-current thresh = 0.10
A.
Based on IGMC requirements, it should be set to 300 A at 400 kv and 200 A at other voltage levels.

_:101 : Min. phase-current thresh : 0.17

Load Cutout

The Load Cutout is set separately for phase-to-ground loops (ph-gnd) and phase-to-phase loops (ph-ph). Using
the parameters Use ph-g load cutout and Use ph-ph load cutout, you specify whether the load range is cut out
of the impedance level or not. The load cutout parameters are visible only if you set the parameters Use ph-g
load cutout = yes and Use ph-ph load cutout = yes.
Since there is no restraint current in the load, load conditions cannot lead to a ground pickup. In the event of a 1-
pole tripping of neighboring circuits, there may simultaneously be a ground pickup and an increased load current.
For these cases, the load cutout must be set for the ground characteristic.
In the impedance level, the load range must be separate from the tripping area of the distance zone. The zone may
only respond under fault conditions, not under load conditions. For the specific application, calculate the smallest
load impedance and the greatest load impedance angle under heavy load. Figure 1 depicts the load cutout.

Figure 1 : Load Cutout

The values should be set a little smaller (about 10 %) than the minimum load impedance expected. The minimum
load impedance results at maximum load current and minimum operating voltage. Based on IGMC requirements
it shoyld be calculated as follows:

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 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Uoperation min
R load min =
√3 * I load max

From General Information, the minimum operating voltage is 85 % of nominal system voltage,
and the maximum load current is 928 % of the full load apparent power.

U operation min = Decay factor * Nominal Voltage

= 0.85 * 63 = 53.55 KV

(U operation min)2
R load min = cos (Ф) *
Smax
2867.6025
= 0.9 * = 22.93 A(prim.)
112.55

To convert this to a secondary value, multiply it with the CT ratio / VT ratio for impedance conversion factor
(Kimp) to obtain the setting :

Rsec min = Kimp * Rprim min = 2.10 * 22.93 = 48.045 Ω(sec.)

the following is set:

when applying a security margin of 20%
R LOAD (ph-g) = security margin * Rsec min = 80% * 48.045 = 38.436 Ω(sec.)

_:105 : Use ph-ph load cutout : yes

_:106 : R Load cutout (ph-ph) : 38.44 Ω

Set the opening angle of the load cutout (parameters Angle load cutout (ph-ph) and Angle load cutout (ph-g) )
greater (approx. 5°) than the maximum occurring load angle (corresponding to the minimum power factor cos φ).
Based on IGMC requirements, it should be set to ±40º.

Angle load ph-ph = ømax + 15 = 25.84 + 15 = 40.84 º

_:107 : Angle Load cutout (ph-ph) : 40.84 º

When, with double lines, 2 line systems are on a single tower, there is a significant coupling between the 2 line
systems. In the event of a 1-pole tripping of neighboring circuits, increased load currents and coupled ground
currents can cause a ground pickup. This pickup can be prevented by separate setting of the load cutout for phase-
to-ground loops. During the 1-pole dead time on the parallel line, a significant ground current flows on the intact
line. This ground current is caused by the coupling in the zero-sequence system. The ground current during the 1-
phase pause on the parallel line must be taken into consideration when setting the R load cutout (ph-g) parameter.
For the ratio of Ignd on the healthy line to Imax in the 1-phase pause on the parallel line, the value
Ignd1pol:Pause/Imax is assumed. The line length as well as the source impedance and line impedance have an
influence on this ratio.

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 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

If you cannot determine the value using a system simulation, you can assume the following approximate values:

Long lines (about 200 km) Ignd1pol:Pause/Imax: approximately 0.4

Short lines (about 25 km) Ignd1pol:Pause/Imax: approximately 0.6

Finally the following formula will be used to calculate R load cutout (ph-g) parameter.

RL prim
RL prim (ph-gnd) =
1+(Ignd 1-phase_pause/Imax)*(1+kr)

The zero sequence compensation setting is applied so that the distance protection measures the distance to fault of all fault
types based on the set positive sequence reach. The factors Kr and Kx are used for residual compensation.

You can use the Kr and Kx parameters to set the residual compensation with scalar factors as follows:

1 R0 R1 Positive sequence Resistance Ω/km

Kr = * -1 = 0.98
3 R1 R0 Zero sequence Resistance Ω/km

1 X0 X1 positive sequence Reactance Ω/km

Kx = * -1 = 1.21
3 X1 X0 zero sequence Reactance Ω/km

Please pay attention that if the parameter Zone-spec. residu. comp. is set to yes in each specific zone, these
factors should be calculated with the zone data and entered at the related address. But if the parameter Zone-
spec. residu. comp. is set to no in each specific zone, the factors calculated as above are used for the entire
device.

_:104 : Kr : 0.98

_:105 : Kx : 1.21

Finally the R load cutout (ph-g) parameter would be calculated as follows:

_:102 : Use ph-g load cutout : yes

Ignd 1-phase_pause
= 0
Imax

RL prim
RL prim (ph-gnd) = = 38.436 Ω
1+(Ignd 1-phase_pause/Imax)*(1+kr)

Rsec(ph-gnd)=Kimp*Rprim min = 1.00 * 38.436 = 38.436 Ω(sec.)

_:103 : R Load cutout (ph-g) : 38.44 Ω

_:104 : Angle Load cutout (ph-g) : 40.84 º

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 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
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SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Zone with Quadrilateral Characteristic Curve

The zone handles the following tasks:

• Impedance calculation from the measured current and voltage values
• Placement of the impedance into the zone
• Generation of pickup and tripping for the zone
If the fault impedance of a loop lies well within the operating polygon of a distance zone, and the direction of the
impedance phasor matches the directional mode of the zone, the zone picks up. The loop information is converted
into phase-selective pickup indications. The phase-selective pickup indications of the zones are processed further
in the output logic of the distance protection and by external additional functions (for example, teleprotection
scheme).

Operating Polygon

The quadrilateral operate curve (operating polygon) of the zone is an inclined parallelogram in the R-X plane.
The operating polygon is defined by the parameters X reach, R (ph-ph), R (ph-g), and Zone-inclination angle. To
stabilize the polygon limits, the characteristics have a hysteresis of 5 %. If the fault impedance lies within a
polygon, the limits are increased by 5 % in all directions. Figure 2 shows an example with 4 zones for the
distance protection with quadrilateral operate characteristic.

Figure 2 : Operate Curve with Quadrilateral Characteristic Curve

Parameter: Blocked if diff.prot.active

The Blocked if diff.prot.active parameter is visible only when the Line differential protection function is
available in the application. Using the Blocked if diff.prot.active parameter, you establish whether the distance
protection zone is blocked or not as long as the Line differential protection function is active.
If the zone is switched on (parameter Mode = on) and the parameter Blocked if diff.prot.active = no is set, the
zone will run regardless of the line differential protection. If the zone picks up, it will generate an operate
indication after the time delay has elapsed. If the zone is switched on (parameter Mode = on) and the Blocked if
diff.prot.active = yes parameter is set, the zone is blocked as long as the line differential protection function is
working. If the line differential protection is blocked, then the zone is not blocked.

Recommended setting value (_:121) Blocked if diff.prot.active = no

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SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Parameter: Blk. w. inrush curr. detect.

The Blk. w. inrush curr. detect. parameter is visible only when the Inrush-current detection function is available
in the application. With the Blk. w. inrush curr. detect. parameter, you determine whether the distance-
protection zone is blocked or not during the detection of a transformer inrush current.

With the parameter Blk. w. inrush curr. detect. = yes set, the minimum pickup and operate time for this
distance-protection zone is about 1.5 system cycles even if no transformer inrush current is detected. Set the
parameter Blk. w. inrush curr. detect. = yes only if blocking based on inrushcurrent detection is absolutely
necessary.

_:27 : Blk. w. inrush curr. detect. : no

Parameter: Function mode

You can use the Function mode parameter to determine which measuring element the zone will work with.
Possible alternatives are ph-gnd and ph-ph, ph-gnd only and ph-ph only. If set to ph-gnd and ph-ph, the zone
works with phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase measuring elements. If set to ph-gnd only, the zone works only
with the phase-to-ground measuring element. If se to ph-ph only, the zone works only with the phase-to-phase
measuring element. Siemens recommends using the default setting. Recommended setting value (_:101) Function
mode = ph-gnd and ph-ph.

_:101 : Function Mode : ph-gnd & ph-ph

Parameter: Directional mode

You can use the Directional mode parameter to define whether the zone operates forward, reverse, or non-
directional. Set the parameter Directional mode for the specific application.

Parameter: 1-pole operate allowed

You can use the 1-pole operate allowed parameter to specify whether the zone is allowed to execute 1- pole
tripping or not. If the circuit breaker is capable of single-phase switching, then 1-pole tripping is allowed on
overhead lines. For practical use cases, only the 1st distance zone and the overreaching zone should be tripped 1-
pole. For the 1st distance zone and the overreaching zone, set the parameter 1-pole operate allowed = yes. For
all higher zones, set the parameter 1-pole operate allowed = no.

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 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
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SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Parameter: X reach

You can use the X reach parameter to set the limit of the polygon in the X direction. Determine the setting value
for the specific application.
First, create a time-grading schedule for the entire galvanically connected system. Enter the section lengths with
their reactances X in Ω/km into the time-grading schedule. The reactances X then define the range of the distance
zones.

Parameter: R (ph-g)

You can use the R (ph-g) parameter to set the boundary of the polygon in the R direction for phase-to ground
loops. The R radius for ground faults is calculated in a manner similar to that used for R (ph-ph) setting value for
phase-to-phase faults. For phase-to-ground faults, the fault resistance is greater than that for phase-to-phase
faults. For overhead lines, not only the arc resistance must be taken into consideration for a ground fault, but also
the tower-grounding resistance.

Parameter: R (ph-ph)

You can use the R (ph-ph) parameter to set the boundary of the polygon in the R direction for phase-to phase
loops. The R (ph-ph) setting value considers the fault resistance at the fault location. The fault resistance is added
to the impedance of the fault loop as an additional effective resistance. This fault resistance is, for example, the
arc resistance or the dissipation resistance of ground phases. Do not set the reserve resistance any larger than
necessary. For long, heavily loaded lines, the setting value may enter the load range. A configurable load cutout
prevents the pickup of the zone in the event of overload.

For overhead lines, the setting value is determined primarily by the arc resistance. No significant arc is possible
in cables. With very short cables, ensure that the arc flashover at the local cable box is included in the set
resistance for Zone 1.

Parameter: Operate delay (1-phase)

You can use the Operate delay (1-phase) parameter to set the grading time of the zone for 1-phase short
circuits. The Operate delay (1-phase) must be set for the specific application.

Parameter: Operate delay (multi-ph.)

You can use the Operate delay (multi-ph.) parameter to set the grading time of the zone for multiphase faults.
The Operate delay (multi-ph.) parameter must be set for the specific application.

Parameter: Zone-inclination angle

You can use the Zone-inclination angle parameter to set the angle by which the upper limit of the polygon is
inclined in the 1st quadrant.
Under no circumstances may Zone 1 respond in the event of external faults, since this represents a loss of
selectivity. To prevent the loss of selectivity, the limit of the X setting for Zone 1 is inclined downwards by the
set angle. The default angle of 0° is typically retained for greater distance zones.

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Parameter: Zone-spec. residu. comp.

You can use the Zone-spec. residu. comp. parameter to determine whether the zone operates with its own,
specific residual compensation factors or not. If set to no, the zone works with the residual compensation factors
set in the Line function group. If set to yes, the zone works with the specific residual compensation factors of the
zone.

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Z1

This zone is the fast operating and under reaching zone and is set as follows.

_:1 : Mode : on

_:109 : Directional Mode : forward

_:113 : Zone-inclination angle : 0.00 º

_:110 : Operate delay (1-phase) : 0.10 s

_:112 : Operate delay (multi-ph) : 0.10 s

_:114 : Zone-spec. residu. Comp. : no

_:11 : 1-pole operate allowed : no

X reach

X1line1 = X1 * line length = 0.26532 * 3.3 = 0.87555 Ω(prim.)

X(Z1)prim = 0.8 * X1Line 1 = 0.8 * 0.876 = 0.70044 Ω(prim.)

X(Z1)sec = Kimp * X(Z1)prim = 2.0952 * 0.7 = 1.468 Ω(sec.)

R reach

Based on IGMC requirements, this zone should be set as follows:

RZ1 = 5 XZ1 for XZ1 < 5 Ω

RZ1 = 25 for 5≤ XZ1 ≤ 75 Ω
RZ1 = XZ1/3 for XZ1 > 75 Ω

Since XZ1 = 1.468 ÷ 2.0952 = 0.7004422 Ω

RZ1 = 5 * 0.700 = 3.50221 RZ1 = 3.502 * 2.0952 = 7.3379655 Ω

_:102 : X reach : 1.47 Ω

_:104 : R (ph-ph) : 7.34 Ω

_:103 : R (ph-g) : 7.34 Ω

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Z2

This zone is the first over reaching zone and is set as follows.

_:1 : Mode : on

_:109 : Directional Mode : forward

_:113 : Zone-inclination angle : 0.00 º

_:110 : Operate delay (1-phase) : 0.40 s

_:112 : Operate delay (multi-ph) : 0.40 s

_:114 : Zone-spec. residu. Comp. : no

_:11 : 1-pole operate allowed : no

X reach

The first overreaching zone (normally zone2) must detect faults on the whole protected line. Considering the
different errors that might influence the measurement in the same way as for zone1, it is necessary to increase the
reach of the overreaching zone to at least 120% of the protected line. The zone2 reach can be even higher if the
fault infeed from adjacent lines at remote end are considerable higher than the fault current at the relay location.

X(Z2)prim = 1.2 * X1Line 1 = 1.2 * 0.876 = 1.05066 Ω(prim.)

X(Z2)sec = Kimp * X(Z2)prim = 2.0952 * 1.051 = 2.201 Ω(sec.)

The setting shall generally not exceed 80% of the following impedances:
The impedance corresponding to the protected line, plus the first zone reach of the shortest adjacent line. X(Z2) =
80% * ( X1line1 + X z1-next-shortest-line ).
If the setting exceeds above impedance, delay for Z2 must be set higher than delay for Z2 of next shortest line.

CTratio
80% ( X1 line1+ 80% * X next-shortest-line ) * = 0.80 * (0.8755527 + 0.8 * 0.875556) * 2.095= 2.642
VTratio

2.201 < 2.642 above criteria is fulfilled

R reach

Based on IGMC requirements, this zone should be set as follows:

RZ2 = 5 XZ2 for XZ2 ≤ 5 Ω

RZ2 = 25 + 0.5 XZ2 for 5< XZ2

Since XZ2 = 2.201 ÷ 2.0952 = 1.0506632 Ω

RZ2 = 5 * Xz2 = 5.25332 RZ2 = 5.253 * 2.0952 = 11.006948 Ω

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REV: Z

_:102 : X reach : 2.20 Ω

_:104 : R (ph-ph) : 11.01 Ω

_:103 : R (ph-g) : 11.01 Ω

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Z3

This zone is the second over reaching zone and is set as follows.

_:1 : Mode : on

_:109 : Directional Mode : forward

_:113 : Zone-inclination angle : 0.00 º

_:110 : Operate delay (1-phase) : 0.80 s

_:112 : Operate delay (multi-ph) : 0.80 s

_:114 : Zone-spec. residu. Comp. : no

_:11 : 1-pole operate allowed : no

X reach

The zone 3 elements would usually be used to provide overall back-up protection for adjacent circuits. The zone
3 reach (Z3) is therefore set to approximately 120% of the combined impedance of the protected line plus the
longest adjacent line (based on TAVANIR recommendations). A higher apparent impedance of the adjacent line
may need to be allowed where fault current can be fed from multiple sources or flow via parallel paths.

X(Z3) = 120% * (X1line 1 + Xnext longest line) = 1.2 * (0.8755527 + 24.86941) * 2.095 = 64.730 Ω (sec.)

R reach

Based on IGMC requirements, this zone should be set as follows:

RZ3 = 5 XZ3 for XZ3 ≤ 5 Ω

RZ3 = 25 + 0.5 XZ3 for 5< XZ3

Since XZ3 = 64.730 ÷ 2.0952 = 30.893955 Ω

RZ3 = 5 * Xz3 = 154.47 RZ3 = 154.47 * 2.0952 = 323.65096 Ω

_:102 : X reach : 64.73 Ω

_:104 : R (ph-ph) : 323.65 Ω

_:103 : R (ph-g) : 323.65 Ω

Page 16 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Z4

This zone is the reverse zone and is set as follows.

_:1 : Mode : on

_:109 : Directional Mode : reverse

_:113 : Zone-inclination angle : 0.00 º

_:110 : Operate delay (1-phase) : 1.20 s

_:112 : Operate delay (multi-ph) : 1.20 s

_:114 : Zone-spec. residu. Comp. : no

_:11 : 1-pole operate allowed : no

X reach

If instantaneous pickup (undelayed) is required in the reverse direction, the zone Z4 should be used for this
purpose, as only this zone ensures instantaneous pickup with the shortest device operating time for faults in the
reverse direction. This setting is also recommended in teleprotection BLOCKING schemes.
If Z4 is used as reverse zone following criterias must be considered:
The reverse zone is applicable for purposes of scheme communication logic, current reversal logic, weak-end-
infeed logic, and so on. The same applies to the back-up protection of the bus bar or power transformers. It is
necessary to secure, that it always covers the overreaching zone, used at the remote line terminal for the
telecommunication purposes.

We should consider the possible enlarging factor that might exist due to fault infeed from adjacent lines. Based
on IGMC requirements, the bellow equation can be used to calculate the reach in reverse direction. But the
minimum value should be 6 Ω at primary.

CTratio
X(Z4) = 210% * Xz3 * = 210% * 64.73 = 135.933 Ω (sec.)
VTratio

The setting shall generally exceed 120% of the following impedances:

The impedance corresponding to the second zone reach of the other side relay minus the protected line: 1.2 *
(X(Z2)rem-X1line 1).
X(Z2)rem= 120% (X1 line1) = 120% (0.8755527) = 1.051 Ω (prim.)

1.2 * (X(Z2)rem - Xline 1) = 1.2 * (1.05066324 - 0.8755527) * 0.440 Ω (sec.)

2.095 =
###### > 0.440 above criteria is fulfiled

Page 17 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

R reach

But based on IGMC requirements, this zone should be set as follows:

RZ4 = 5 XZ4 for XZ4 ≤ 5 Ω

RZ4 = 25 + 0.5 XZ4 for 5< XZ4

Since XZ4 = 135.933 ÷ 2.0952 = 64.877306 Ω

RZ4 = 25 + 0.5Xz4 = 57.4387 RZ4 = 57.439 * 2.0952 = 120.34765 Ω

_:102 : X reach : 135.93 Ω

_:104 : R (ph-ph) : 120.35 Ω

_:103 : R (ph-g) : 120.35 Ω

Page 18 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Z5

This zone is not needed in siemens relays but based on IGMC requirements is set as follows.

_:1 : Mode : off

_:109 : Directional Mode : non-directional

_:113 : Zone-inclination angle : 0.00 º

_:110 : Operate delay (1-phase) : 1.60 s

_:112 : Operate delay (multi-ph) : 1.60 s

_:114 : Zone-spec. residu. Comp. : no

_:11 : 1-pole operate allowed : no

X reach

Based on IGMC requirements, The zone 5 element would usually be used as fault detection zone. The zone 5
reach (Z5) is therefore set to approximately 150% of the combined impedance of the protected line plus 2 times
the longest adjacent line. The setting should be higher than 1.1 * Z3.

X(Z5) = 150% * (X1line 1 + 2*Xnext longest line) = 1.5 *(0.8755527 + 49.73882) * 2.095= 159.074 Ω (sec.)

R reach

Based on IGMC requirements, this zone should be set as follows:

RZ5 = 5 XZ5 for XZ5 ≤ 5 Ω

RZ5 = 25 + 0.5 XZ5 for 5< XZ5

Since XZ5 = 159.074 ÷ 2.0952 = 75.921559 Ω

RZ5 = 25 + 0.5Xz5 = 62.9608 RZ5 = 62.96 * 2.0952 = 131.91782 Ω

_:102 : X reach : 159.07 Ω

_:104 : R (ph-ph) : 131.92 Ω

_:103 : R (ph-g) : 131.92 Ω

Page 19 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

AR zone

The AREC zone works together with the Automatic reclosing function. In order for automatic reclosing to be
successful, short circuits on the entire transmission route to all line ends must be switched off at the same time
and with as little delay as possible. In addition, with distance protection, the AREC zone may be functioning as
an overreaching distance zone, for example, Zone Z1B, prior to automatic reclosing. After automatic reclosing,
the AREC zone is typically no longer in effect. For the relevant AREC cycle, short circuits up to the breakdown
point of the AREC zone can be switched off quickly. Before automatic reclosing, limited non-selectivity in favor
of fast simultaneous disconnection is acceptable. Automatic reclosing will be performed in any case. The normal
stages of the distance protection (Z1, Z2, etc.) are typically operated independently of the automatic reclosing
function. The automatic reclosing zone is available in the function library in DIGSI (in Line function group →
Distance protection → Zone types). If necessary you can insert the automatic reclosing zone into the Distance
protection function. The automatic reclosing zone can be controlled from the internal automatic reclosing
function and also externally via the automatic reclosing function type Operation with external automatic
reclosing function.

Operate with

You use the parameter Operate with to specify which distance zones will generate an operate indication when
pickup occurs while an automatic reclosing release is present. Typically, you use an overreaching distance zone.
This is called Z1B in the application templates. The selection texts for the parameter Operate with are identical
to the texts you assign during zone configuration in the Distance protection function.

Operate delay (1-phase)

The Operate delay (1-phase) parameter is used to set the tripping delay of the automatic reclosing zone for 1-
phase short circuits. Set the parameter Operate delay (1-phase) for the specific application. If the distance zone
selected with the parameter Operate with picks up and all release conditions are met, the distance zone trips with
the Operate delay (1-phase) set here.

_:102 : Operate delay (1-phase) : 0.00 s

Operate delay (multi-ph.)

You can use the Operate delay (multi-ph.) parameter to set the tripping delay for multi-phase short circuits. Set
the parameter Operate delay (multi-ph.) for the specific application. If the distance zone selected with the
parameter Operate with picks up and all release conditions are met, the distance zone trips with the Operate
delay (multi-ph.) set here.

_:103 : Operate delay (multi-ph) : 0.00 s

Effected by AR cycle

You use the parameter Effected by AR cycle to select the automatic reclosing cycle for the release of tripping. If
you wish to have a zone release in several automatic reclosing cycles, you must instantiate several automatic
reclosing zones and select a different automatic reclosing cycle for each zone. If you use the automatic reclosing
function with the operation with external reclosing system or automatic reclosing with adaptive dead time
(ADT) function type, you must retain the default setting 1. If the selected automatic reclosing cycle is only
parameterized for 1-pole tripping (indication (_:6601:308) AR only after 1p. trip), the automatic reclosing zone
only trips if this operate indication leads to a 1- pole trip command in the trip logic of the Circuit breakers
function group. If you do not use the Automatic reclosing function, you must delete the automatic reclosing zone
in the Distance protection function in order to ensure consistent parameterization in DIGSI.

_:101 : Effected by AR cycle : 1

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 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Blocked if 85-21 active

The Blocked if 85-21 active parameter is used to block the automatic reclosing zone with the teleprotection
method in effect. If the function teleprotection with distance protection is present and in effect, Siemens
recommends blocking the automatic reclosing zone. To do this, set the parameter Blocked if 85-21 active = yes.
If the parameter Blocked if 85-21 active = yes is set, the AR zone is active only if the teleprotection with
distance protection is no in effect (for example, in the case of a communication failure).

_:121 : Blocked if 85-21 active : yes

Mode

The function should be enabled at address:

_:1 : Mode : on

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 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Inrush-Current Detection

The function Inrush-current detection analyzes the trigger signal of the jump detection or the threshold value violation
of the function to be blocked in a start logic, and synchronizes the method of measurement. In order to securely record
the inrush processes, the function uses the Harmonic analysis method of measurement and the CWA method (current
wave shape analysis). Both methods work in parallel and link the results through a logical OR. If you wish to work
with only one process, deactivate the other method by way of the parameters Blocking with 2. harmonic or Blocking
with CWA. The main tasks of this function are as follows:
• Recognizes an inrush process on transformers
• Generates a blocking signal for protection functions that protect the transformer (protected object) or for protection
functions that are affected in undesirable ways when transformers are switched on
• Allows a sensitive setting of the protection functions
The following protection functions evaluate the blocking signal
• Overcurrent protection with a pickup value below the maximum inrush current
• Negative-sequence protection as sensitive backup protection for transformers
• Distance protection for impedance stages graded through the transformer

This function should be enabled at address:

_.1 : Mode : on

Operat.-range limit Imax

With the parameter Operat.-range limit Imax , you can specify at which current the inrush current detection is
blocked internally. The setting value must be above the maximum inrush current of the transformer. A practicable
value is 7.5 times the transformer rated current.

_.106 : Operat.-range limit Imax : 7.50 A

2nd harmonic content

With the parameter 2nd harmonic content, you can specify the pickup value of the harmonic analysis function. The
setting value of 15 % is practicable for most transformers.

_.102 : 2nd harmonic content : 15.00 %

Cross-blocking

The crossblock function influences the Harmonic Analysis process. If you have set the parameter Cross blocking to
yes, you will receive in the event of threshold-value violation a blocking indication for all 3 phase currents and the
measured or calculated zero-sequence current (l2nd harm / l1st harm). The crossblock function works via a timer. Set
parameters for the time depending on the expected duration factor via the parameter Cross-blocking time.
Recommended setting value by siemens is no. But if a subfunction of the inrush-current detection is identified in the
course of the closure trials during commissioning, set the parameter Crossblocking to yes .

_.112 : Crossblocking : no

Start flt.rec

With the Start flt.rec parameter, you determine whether a fault record should be started upon pickup of the inrush-
current detection. With the setting no, No fault recording starts with pickup.With the setting yes, The fault recording
starts with pickup. When the protection function is blocked by the inrush-current detection, a fault recording is started
nevertheless.

_.114 : Start flt.rec : yes

Page 22 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Stub Differential Protection

The Stub differential protection (ANSI 87STUB):

• Is a selective, 2-step short-circuit protection for a line stub that can be tripped by a disconnector switch. It is
important in 1 1/2 circuit-breaker layouts.
• Detects short circuits that lie between the current transformer and the feeder disconnector switch QB.
• Operates strictly phase-segregated and permits 3-pole instantaneous high-speed tripping
The stub differential protection operates on the basis of current comparison. To do this, the current transformers
that selectively limit the line range are connected to the device using 2 configured, 3-phase current measurement
locations. The feedback of the disconnector's position (open) activates the stub differential protection. Figure 3
depicts the area covered by Stub function.

Figure 3: Stub Differential Protection on a 1 1/2 Circuit-Breaker Layout

The stub-differential protection consists of 2 stages.

• The Stubdif stage works with very accurate measurement for maximum sensitivity.
• The Stubdif fast stage works in parallel with the Stubdif stage. A very fast algorithm enables tripping
decisions to be made very quickly in the event of high-current faults.
Both stages will be activated via a release binary input that reports the disconnector position (open) of the
feeder (stub).

Application and Setting Notes for the Stubdif Stage

The stage is enabled at address:

_:1 : Mode : off

Parameter: Threshold

The pickup threshold of the differential current is set using this parameter. The total current flowing into the
protection range during a short circuit is the important criterion. This is the overall fault current, regardless how
the ends of the protected object are divided.
Based on IGMC requirements, it should be set to 1.2 * line normal current and about 5% of the substation
maximum 3phase short circuit.
Iph>STUB= 1.2 * In = 1.2 * 1031.47 = 1237.77 A(prim.)

_:3 : Threshold : 1.03 A

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 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
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SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Parameter: Operate delay

In special cases, it can be advantageous to delay the tripping of the stub differential protection with an additional
time stage, for example for reverse interlocking. The time delay is started when an internal fault has been detected
Based on IGMC requirements, it should be set to 50 to 100 ms.

_:6 : Operate delay : 50.00 ms

Application and Setting Notes for the Stubdif Fast Stage

This parameter sets the pickup threshold of the differential current, which must be primarily equal on all ends of
the protection object.
This stage responds very quickly. For this reason, pickup during capacitive charging currents and inductive
magnetization currents (for transformers or shunt reactors) – including during switching procedures - must be
excluded. The pickup value should be set higher than the load current (max. 1.2·IN to 2·IN).

There is no clear recommendation by IGMC for this stage. In this regards, Siemens recommendation is applied
for this stage.

Iph>STUB= 2 * In = 2 * 1031.47 = 2062.94 A(prim.)

_:3 : Threshold : 1.72 A (Secondary)

The stage is enabled at address:

_:1 : Mode : off

Page 24 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Instantaneous Tripping at Switch onto Fault

The Instantaneous tripping at switch onto fault function serves for immediate tripping when switching onto a
fault. The function does not have its own measurement and must be linked to another protection function with the
pickup (measurement).

Application and Setting Notes

Parameter: Configuration

The Configuration parameter is used to define with which pickup of a protection function or protection stage
the Instantaneous tripping at switch onto fault function responds.
Normally, the pickups of protection functions and stages with high fault current are selected:
• Distance Protection
• Overcurrent protection (phase and ground)
• Directional time-overcurrent protection (phase and ground)
• Ground-fault protection for grounded systems
A specific protection stage is generally used. This can be one of the protection stages provided for the protection
application, which itself trips with a delay. An additional protection stage with settings optimized for this use
case, for example, increased threshold value and blocking of self-tripping, can also be used.

Parameter: Operate delay

When switching onto a fault, the tripping should usually be instantaneous. The tripping delay is therefore set
to 0.

_:6 : Operate delay : 0.00 sec

The function is enabled at address:

_:1 : Mode : on

Based on IGMC requirements, in addition to Distance function one over current function should be set for
SOTF. In this regards one Overcurrent protection, phases (ANSI 50) is considered for this purpose. This
function should be set to 2 * In with instantaneous operating time. In order to avoid the protection system
complexity, IGMC prefers not to use any earth faunction for this purpose.

_.101 : Emergency Mode : no for SOTF

Iph>= 2 * In= 1.719 A

T Iph>= 0.00 sec

_.3 : Threshold : 1.72 A Overcurrent protection, phases

_.6 : Operate delay : 0.00 (ANSI 50) for SOTF

Page 25 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Backup Time Overcurrent Protection

This relay features directional and non-directional phase and earth fault protection functions.
The Overcurrent protection, phases (ANSI 50/51) function is used in protection function groups. Depending on the
device, it is preconfigured by the manufacturer with 2 definite time-overcurrent protection stages (Definite-T stages)
and 1 inverse time- overcurrent protection stage (Inverse-T stage). A maximum of 4 definite time-overcurrent
protection stages, as well as 1 inverse time-overcurrent protection stage and 1 stage with a user-defined characteristic
curve can be operated simultaneously within this function. Apart from the time delay characteristic, the stages are
identical in structure.

The Overcurrent protection, ground function (ANSI 50N/51N) is used in protection function groups. 2 kinds of
functions are available for the 3-phase overcurrent protection:
• Overcurrent protection, ground – advanced (50N/51N OC-gnd-A)
• Overcurrent protection, ground – basic (50N/51N OC-gnd-B)
Only the function type Advanced is available in the devices of the line protection family. The function type Basic is
provided for standard applications. The function type Advanced offers more functionality and is provided for more
complex applications.
Both function types are pre-configured by the manufacturer with 2 Definite time-overcurrent protection stages and
with 1 Inverse time-overcurrent protection stage. In the function type Overcurrent protection, ground – advanced the
following stages can be operated simultaneously:
• Maximum of 3 stages Definite time-overcurrent protection – advanced
• 1 stage Inverse time-overcurrent protection – advanced
• 1 stage User-defined characteristic curve overcurrent protection
In the function type Overcurrent protection, ground – basic the following stages can be operated simultaneously:
• Maximum of 3 stages Definite time-overcurrent protection – basic
• 1 stage Inverse time-overcurrent protection – basic
The function type Advanced is implemented such that the emergency mode can act across all advanced overcurrent-
protection stages.
The Directional time-overcurrent protection, phases (ANSI 67) function is used in protection function groups 3-
phase current and voltage measurements. Depending on the device, it is preconfigured by the manufacturer with 2
directional definite time-overcurrent protection stages and 1 directional inverse time-overcurrent protection stage. A
maximum of 4 definite time-overcurrent protection stages, as well as 1 inverse time-overcurrent protection stage and 1
stage with a user-defined characteristic curve can be operated simultaneously within this function. Apart from the time
delay characteristic, the stages are identical in structure. The protection function is implemented so that the emergency
mode can act across all overcurrent-protection stages. The directional characteristic curve is set on the function level
and has a uniform effect on the stages. In this way, it is ensured that all stages of a function determine the same
direction. Every stage can be set to the forward or reverse direction. The process of direction determination is
independent of the direction-determination procedure of other functions (for example, distance protection, if this
function is permitted for the device and available).
The Ground-fault protection for high-resistance ground faults in grounded-neutral systems (ANSI 67N)
function is used in the Line protection function group. The function is preconfigured at the factory to have 2 stages
with definitetime delay (definite time-overcurrent protection stages). Within the function, maximum 6 definite time-
overcurrent protection stages can be operated as well as 1 inverse type. A maximum of 2 functions can be operated
within the function group. The following stage types are available:
• Ground-fault protection with definite-time delay (definite-time overcurrent protection)
• Ground-fault protection with definite-time delay according to IEC and ANSI (AMZ-3I0-IEC/ANSI)
• Ground-fault protection with definite-time delay with logarithmic inverse characteristics (AMZ-3I0-log)
• Ground-fault protection with zero-sequence power-dependent time delay (S0 inverse)
• Ground-fault protection with zero-sequence voltage-dependent time delay (V0 inverse)
The process for direction determination and phase selection is on the function level and has a uniform effect on the
stages. In this way, it is ensured that all stages of a function receive the same direction result. Each stage can be set
non-directional or directional – forwards or reverse. The process for direction determination is independent of the
direction determination for the distance protection.

Page 26 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

If the device-internal functions listed below are present in the device, these functions can influence the pickup values
and time delays of the stages or block the stages of the above mentioned functions (ANSI 50/51, 50N/51N, 67 and
67N). The stage can also be affected by an external source via a binary input signal.
• Automatic reclosing (AREC)
• Cold-load pickup detection
• Binary input signal
If the device is equipped with the Inrush-current detection function, the stages can be stabilized against tripping due to
transformer-inrush currents.

Emergency Mode

You use the Emergency mode parameter to define whether the stage operates as emergency overcurrent protection or
as backup overcurrent protection. With the setting Emergency mode = caused by main prot., emergency overcurrent
protection starts automatically when the main protection fails. This happens, for example, in the case of distance
protection when a short circuit occurs in the voltage-transformer secondary circuit or the voltage-transformer
secondary circuit is disconnected, or in the case of line differential protection where protection communication is
disconnected. This means that the emergency mode replaces the main protection as short-circuit protection. With the
appropriate parameterization (Emergency mode = caused by binary input), the emergency mode can also be
activated from an external source. If the overcurrent protection is set as backup overcurrent protection (parameter
Emergency mode = no), it operates independently of the main protection and thus in parallel. Backup overcurrent
protection can also serve as sole short-circuit protection when, for example, no voltage transformers are available for
an initial startup.

_.101 : Emergency Mode : caused by main prot. for 50/51

_.101 : Emergency Mode : caused by main prot. for 50N/51N

_.101 : Emergency Mode : no for 67

_.101 : Emergency Mode : no for 67N

Page 27 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Direction Determination for Directional time-overcurrent protection, phases (ANSI 67)

The direction is determined by calculating the phase angle between short-circuit current and reference voltage. To take
different system conditions and applications into account, the reference voltage can be rotated through an adjustable
angle (Rotation angle of ref. volt. parameter). This moves the vector of the rotated reference voltage close to the
vector of the short-circuit current. Consequently, the result of direction determination is as reliable as possible. Figure
4 illustrates the relationship based on a 1-phase ground fault in phase A. The short-circuit current IkA lags the short-
circuit voltage by the short-circuit angle φk. The reference voltage, in this case VBC for measuring element A, is
rotated positively (counterclockwise) by the setting value of the Rotation angle of ref. volt. parameter. In the
scenario illustrated here, the rotation is +45º. The rotated reference voltage defines the forward and reverse range; see
Figure 5. The forward range is calculated as ±88º around the rotated reference voltage Vref,rot. If the short-circuit
current vector is located in this range, the device decides on the forward direction. In the mirrored range, the device
decides on the backward direction. In the intermediate range, the direction is undetermined.

Fig.4 Rotation of the Reference Voltage, Phase-Measuring Element

Fig.5 Forward Characteristic of the Directional Function, Phase-Measuring Element

Page 28 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Direction Determination with Current/Voltage Zero-Seq. Variables/Transformer Neutral-Point Current

(ANSI 67N)

The forward and backward range is defined by the 2 parameters Angle forward β and Angle forward α (Figure 6). The
reference for the 2 angles that must be set is the positive real axis. The angles are defined positively in a mathematical
sense (that is, counter- clockwise). The range between the limit angle α, starting in a mathematically positive direction,
and the limit angle β is the forward range. The remaining range is the backward range. The direction is determined
from the measuring current IN and a reference voltage Vp. If no transformer neutral-point current is connected to the
device, the reference voltage Vp is the zero-sequence voltage V0. The zero-sequence voltage is calculated from its
definition equation. Depending on the device connection, it is measured or calculated. If a voltage input is connected
at the broken-delta winding Vdadn of a voltage-transformer set, the device will use this voltage with consideration of
the Matching ratio Vph / VN. Otherwise the device calculates the zero-sequence voltage from the phase-to-ground
voltages. If the neutral-point current IY of a grounded transformer (supply transformer) is connected, the reference
voltage VP is the sum of the zero-sequence voltage V0 and a variable proportional to the neutral-point current IY. This
corresponds to 20 V at the rated current. With the setting IY (neutral pt.) only, VP is only derived from the transformer
neutral-point current. To determine the direction, the device sets the measuring current IN (= -3I0) to the real axis. If
the phasor of the reference voltage VP is within the defined forward range, the device determines the direction as
forward. In other cases, the device determines the direction as backward. As a prerequisite for direction determination,
the adjustable minimum variables for the zero-sequence voltage or the transformer neutral-point current must be
exceeded (parameters Min. zero-seq. voltage V0 and Min. neutral-point curr. IY). If the device detects a fault in the
voltage-transformer secondary circuit, the direction determination is prevented with V0. If the transformer neutral-
point current is connected to the device, the direction can be determined via this.

Fig.6 Phasor Diagram for Direction Determination with Zero-Sequence Variables

Page 29 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Short Circuit calculation for Over-current protection function (ANSI 50/67)

Based on IGMC requirements, the maximum short circuit current for phase faults should be calculated as follows:

1.1 * Usource
Ifault =
√3*Ztot

Vs
Zs =
sqrt(3) * Is

63
Zs =
1.732 * 40

63
Zs = = 0.909
69.28

Ztot = Zs + Z(line)

Ztot = 1.82

The maximum three-phase fault current at the end of the line is:
69.3
I3ph max = = 22005.5 A(prim.) SO: IP >> = 1 * 22005.48 = 22005.48 A(prim.)
√3* 1.82

Short Circuit calculation for Earth fault protection function (ANSI 50N/67N)

Based on IGMC requirements, the maximum short circuit current for earth faults should be calculated as follows:

1.1 * Usource
Ifault =
√3*Ztot

Vs
Zs =
sqrt(3) * Is

63
Zs =
1.732 * 40

63
Zs = = 0.909
69.28

Ztot = Zs + ( 1 + k0 ) * Z(line)

Ztot = 2.92

The maximum earth fault current at the end of the line is:
69.3
I3ph max = = 13710.4 A(prim.) SO: IE >> = 1 * 13710.40 = 13710.40 A(prim.)
√3* 2.92

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 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Stage with Definite-Time Characteristic Curve for Overcurrent and Earth fault functions

Based on IGMC requirements, one stage emergency over current function should be applied. this function should be
set to 1.5 * In with 1.5 second operating time. The definite stage of Overcurrent protection, phases (ANSI 50) is
used for this purpose. There is no need to Directional time-overcurrent protection, phases (ANSI 67) for this
purpose.

Iph>= 1.5 * In= 1.289 A

Iph>Dir= ∞ * Isc= ∞ A

Based on IGMC requirements, the operating time of the emergency over current function should be set to 1.5 second.

T Iph>= 1.50 sec

T Iph> Dir.= ∞ sec

Based on IGMC requirements, one stage emergency earth fault protection should be applied. this function should be
set to 300A at 400kv and 200A at other voltage levels. The definite stage of Overcurrent protection, ground
function (ANSI 50N/51N) is used for this purpose. there is no need to Ground-fault protection for high-resistance
ground faults in grounded-neutral systems (ANSI 67N) as emergency function. But as the normal directional earth
fault function it should be set to 1.1 to 1.3 times of the maximum 1-phase short circuit level.

3I0>= 200 / CT= 0.167 A

3I0>Dir ∞ * Isc= ∞ A

Based on IGMC requirements, the operating time of the emergency earth fault function should be set to 1.5 second
and the operating time of the normal directional earth fault function should be set to 50ms.

T 3I0>= 1.50 sec

T 3I0> ∞ sec

_.3 : Threshold : 1.29 A Overcurrent protection, phases

_.6 : Operate delay : 1.50 (ANSI 50)
_.3 : Threshold : ∞ A Directional time-overcurrent
_.6 : Operate delay : ∞ protection, phases (ANSI 67)

_.3 : Threshold : 0.17 A Overcurrent protection, ground

_.6 : Operate delay : 1.50 function (ANSI 50N)
_.3 : Threshold : ∞ A Ground-fault protect. for high-
_.6 : Operate delay : ∞ resist. ground faults (ANSI 67N)

Page 31 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Stage with Inverse-Time Characteristic Curve for Overcurrent and Earth fault functions

The device offers all the usual inverse-time characteristic curves according to IEC and ANSI. Select the Type of
character. curve required for your specific application. Based on TAVANIR requirements, there is no need to the
Definit stage of the phase overcurrent and earth fault functions. But the normal directional earth fault function should
be set to 0.2 * Nominal current of CT or Thermal OC which of them is smaller.

Ip>= ∞ * In= ∞ A
Ip>Dir= ∞ * In= ∞ A
3I0p>= ∞ * In= ∞ A
3I0p>Dir= 0.2 * In= 0.172 A

Based on IGMC requirements, there is no need to the inverse characteristic of Overcurrent protection, phases
(ANSI 51) and Directional time-overcurrent protection, phases (ANSI 67).

T Ip Time Dial = ∞ hence, the relay operaring time can be calculated as follow:
T = ( T Ip Time Dial * 0.14 ) / ( ( Ikmax/ Ip> ) ^ 0.02 - 1 ) = ∞ sec

T Ip DirTime = ∞ hence, the relay operaring time can be calculated as follow:

T = ( T Ip>Dir Time Dial * 0.14 ) / ( ( Ikmax/ Ip>Dir ) ^ = ∞ sec

Based on TAVANIR requirements, there is no need to the inverse characteristic of Overcurrent protection, ground
function (ANSI 51N). But in order to coordinate Ground-fault protection for high-resistance ground faults in
grounded-neutral systems (ANSI 67N) with the second zone of Distance function, The time multiplier setting is set
in a away it tolerates the maximum earth fault current for 0.8 second.

T 3I0p Time Dial = ∞ hence, the relay operaring time can be calculated as follow:
T = ( T 3I0p Time Dial * 0.14 ) / ( (Ikmax/ 3I0p> ) ^ = ∞ sec

T Ip DirTime Dial = 0.35 hence, the relay operaring time can be calculated as follow:
T = ( T Ip>Dir Time Dial * 0.14 ) / ( (Ikmax/ Ip>Dir ) ^ = 0.79 sec

_.3 : Threshold : ∞ A Overcurrent protection, phases

_.101 : Time dial : ∞ (ANSI 51)
_.3 : Threshold : ∞ A Directional time-overcurrent
_.101 : Time dial : ∞ protection, phases (ANSI 67)

_.3 : Threshold : ∞ A Overcurrent protection, ground

_.101 : Time dial : ∞ function (ANSI 51N)
_.3 : Threshold : 0.17 A Ground-fault protect. for high-
_.101 : Time dial : 0.35 resist. ground faults (ANSI 67N)

Page 32 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z
Teleprotection with Distance Protection

To enable selective and non-delayed fault clearance of all faults, on the entire line length, information exchange
with the remote line end is applied. You can implement teleprotection using binary inputs and outputs
(transmission and reception contacts) or using a digital communication connection.
The Teleprotection method is used in protection function groups with voltage-measuring point in combination
with the distance-protection function.
The transmission logic analyzes the pickup signals of the distance protection and generates the associated
transmission signal for transmission to the other line end.
The receipt signal from the other line end is optionally coupled via a binary input, via the unblock logic or via the
communication. For the protection of multi-terminal lines ends, the function blocks Rec. bin.sig.1 and
Rec.unblk.sig# are available multiple times, once for each remote line end.
The distance zone parameterized for the teleprotection method provides the pickup information. This pickup
information is combined with the reception information for the trip condition. If the trip condition is fulfilled, the
teleprotection method creates the operate indication.
A trip signal results through the simultaneous presence of a pickup and a release signal.
There are different Teleprotection schemes like Permissive Underreach Transformer Trip, Permissive
Overreach Transfer Trip and Blocking method of which PUTT and POTT are recommended by IGMC for
long and short lines respectively

Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip

If a fault occurs within the overreaching zone - this is usually zone Z2 for the distance protection - a transfer trip
signal is sent to the remote end. The receipt signal leads to accelerated tripping in the device at the remote end.
Sending takes place upon pickup in the distance zone selected as a send condition. You can use the (_: 5671:101)
Send prolongation parameter to compensate the differences in the pickup times at both line ends.
The distance protection provides the pickup information to the teleprotection scheme. The tripping for the
relevant zone is undertaken by that teleprotection scheme with which the distance protection works together.
If a reception signal is present, the zone set through the parameter Operate with will be released for tripping.
The trip can be delayed. For 1-phase faults, set the time delay under (_:5671:102) Operate delay (1-phase); for
multi-phase faults use the (_:5671:103) Operate delay (multi-ph.) parameter.
If the permissive underreach transfer trip is used to protect a line configuration with more than 2 ends, the receive
signals from all line ends are linked with OR.
A trip signal results from a simultaneous presence of the distance zone pickup, the release signal, and the time
sequence. The (_:5671:11) 1-pole operate allowed parameter can be used to allow 1-pole tripping in 1-/3-pole
trip logic devices. This parameter does not apply to devices that only have 3-pole trip.

Application and Setting Notes for the Intertrip Process, General

Setting the Process

The various permissive underreach transfer trip methods can be implemented by using both parameters Send
with and Operate with. In addition, the selection of the reception block must be observed.
The following methods can be ordered:
Method: DIS permissive underreach transfer trip via pickup, non-directional. Send with: Underreaching zone,
type Z1. Operate with: Pickup, general.
Method: DIS intertrip process via extended range. Send with: Underreaching zone, type Z1. Operate with:
Overreaching zone, type Z1B.
Method: DIS intertrip process direct. Send with: Underreaching zone, type Z1. Operate with: Permissive
underreach transfer trip, reception (direct tripping).
The selection texts are identical to the designations which you specify during the zone configuration in the
distance protection function. The selection text for the underreaching distance zone can therefore also be different
from Z1.

Page 33 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Parameter: Send prolongation

With the parameter Send prolongation in the transmission logic, you can compare the differences in the pickup
times for both cable ends. If SIPROTEC distance protection devices are used at all line ends, Siemens
recommends the setting value 0.05 s.

_:101 : Send prolongation : 0.05 sec

Parameter: Operate delay (1-phase)

You can use the Operate delay (1-phase) parameter to set the tripping delay for 1-phase ground faults.
Since the teleprotection method should lead to a rapid and selective tripping, Siemens recommends the setting
value 0.00 s.

_:102 : Operate delay (1-phase) : 0.00 sec

Parameter: Operate delay (multi-ph.)

You can use the Operate delay (multi-ph.) parameter to set the tripping delay for multi-phase faults.
Since the teleprotection method should lead to a rapid and selective tripping, Siemens recommends the setting
value 0.00 s.

_:103 : Operate delay (multi-phase) : 0.00 sec

Parameter: 1-pole operate allowed

This parameter allows 1-pole tripping of the teleprotection scheme in the event of 1-phase short circuits or
multiphase short circuits and 1-phase reception. In devices with 1-pole tripping, Siemens recommends the setting
Yes. In devices with 3-pole trip, this parameter does not apply.

_:11 : 1-pole operate allowed : no

The function is enabled at address:

_:1 : Mode : on

Page 34 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Teleprotection with Ground-Fault Protection

Information is exchanged with the remote station so that the ground-fault protection switches off immediately and
selectively on the entire line for all errors. You can implement the teleprotection through reception and
transmission contacts or through a digital communication connection.
The Teleprotection methods are used in Protection function groups with voltage-measuring point in combination
with the Ground-fault protection function.
The transmission logic analyzes the pickup signals of the ground-fault protection and creates the respective
transmission signal for the transmission to the other line end.
The stage parameterized for the teleprotection method delivers the pickup information. This pickup information
is combined with the reception information for the trip condition. If the trip condition is fulfilled, the
teleprotection method creates the operate indication. A trip signal results through the simultaneous presence of a
pickup and a release signal.

There are two teleprotection schemes with ground-fault protection including Permissive Overreach Transfer
Trip and Blocking method of which the first one is recommended by IGMC.

Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip

If the ground-fault protection recognizes a fault in a forward direction, a send signal will be sent to the opposite
end. If the fault is also recognized in the forward direction, the received signal in the device on the opposite end
will lead to an increased trip.
With the parameters Send with, you can select which stage of the ground-fault protection affects the send signal.
The send condition is fulfilled if the selected stage - or stages - are picked up in a forward direction. If the
protection has already submitted a trip command, the send signal can be prolongated by a set time (_: 5761:101)
Send prolongation. This allows for the release of the other cable end even if the short circuit is very quickly
switched off. With this, pickup differences between the cable ends and signal delays can be considered.
If needed, the send signal can be delayed with (_:5761:102) Send delay. The transient blocking (signal Transient
blocking) provides additional security from fault signals due to transient oscillations caused by a change of
direction after disconnection of external faults (for example, on parallel lines).

If a reception signal is present, the stage set through the parameter (_:5761:141) Operate with will be released
for tripping. The trip can be delayed. You can set the time delay under Send delay.
With the parameter (_:5761:11) 1-pole operate allowed, the tripping logic can allow for 1-pole trip in 1-/3-pole
trip devices. This parameter does not apply to devices that only have 3-pole trip.

Application and Setting Notes for the Trip Logic of the Comparison Procedures

The various comparison procedures can be implemented by using both parameters Send with and Operate with.
Additionally, you must observe the selection of the reception block. The following methods can be ordered:

Method: Ground-fault comparison procedure. Send with: One or multiple stages. Operate with: One or multiple
stages.
Method: Ground-fault unblock procedure (unblock logic as a reception block). Send with: One or multiple
stages. Operate with: One or multiple stages.

Page 35 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Parameter: Send prolongation

With the parameter Send prolongation in the transmission logic, you can compare the differences in the
pickup times for both cable ends. If SIPROTEC devices are used on all cable ends, Siemens recommends the
setting value 0.05 s.

_:101 : Send prolongation : 0.05 sec

Parameter: Send delay

With the parameter Send delay, you can set an additional tripping delay. Since the teleprotection method
should lead to a rapid and selective tripping, Siemens recommends the setting value 0.00 s.

_:102 : Send delay : 0.00 sec

Parameter: 1-pole operate allowed

With the parameter 1-pole operate allowed, you allow 1-pole trip of the teleprotection method for 1-
phase faults or multi-phase faults and 1-phase reception. In devices with 1-pole trip, Siemens recommends the
setting yes. In devices with 3-pole trip, this parameter does not apply.

_:11 : 1-pole operate allowed : no

Parameter: Operate delay (1-phase)

You can use the Operate delay (1-phase) parameter to set the tripping delay for 1-phase ground faults.
Since the teleprotection method should lead to a rapid and selective tripping, Siemens recommends the setting
value 0.00 s.

_:103 : Operate delay (1-phase) : 0.00 sec

Page 36 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Measuring-Voltage Failure

The Measuring-voltage failure detection function monitors the voltage transformer secondary circuits:
• Non-connected transformers
• Pickup of the voltage transformer circuit breaker (in the event of short circuits in the secondary circuit)
• Broken conductor in one or more measuring loops
All these events cause a voltage of 0 in the voltage transformer secondary circuits which can lead to failures of
the protection functions.

The function is part of protection function groups which are connected with a 3-phase voltage and current
measurement point.
The function is broken down into 3 subfunctions
• Supervision for unbalanced measuring-voltage failure
• Supervision for 3-phase measuring-voltage failure
• Supervision for switching onto a 3-phase measuring-voltage failure

Unbalanced Measuring-Voltage Failure

The criterion for detection of an unbalanced measuring-voltage failure is the voltage unbalance. This unbalance is
determined based on the ratio between negative and positive-sequence voltage. If the threshold value is violated
and the monitoring is released and not blocked, the monitoring picks up. The indication Asym.fail.-inst.alarm is
output. The monitoring is released as soon as a certain minimum voltage is exceeded. This prevents a spurious
response in the presence of low voltage measurands or a measurand of 0 (for example, circuit breaker open).
Instantaneous monitoring also requires the presence of a minimum current. This prevents a spurious
instantaneous pick up of the monitoring in the presence of a weak infeed (current < 10 % of rated current)
combined with a power-system incident.
If the voltage unbalance is blocked by unbalanced faults in the primary system, the supervision is blocked. The
device detects an unbalanced fault based on the ratio between negative-sequence and positive-sequence current.
In the event of 1-pole automatic reclosing, the supervision is blocked.
In the presence of a weak infeed (current < 10 % of rated current), certain protection functions require more time
for detection of a system incident. For this purpose, the monitoring can be delayed using the Asym.fail. - time
delay parameter. If a system incident is detected during the time delay, the supervision drops off. This is because
the function assumes that the unbalance - and consequently the pickup of the supervision - is due to the system
incident. After the time delay has elapsed, it definitely assumes a measuring-voltage failure. The monitoring seals
in and the Asym.fail.-alarm indication is output. The dropout does not happen until the voltage unbalance has
disappeared after a seal-in time of 10 s. In the presence of 3-pole close-in faults outside the protection zone, this
seal-in time prevents the monitoring from dropping off too quickly and thus releasing the protection functions.
The sealing-in function can be deactivated using the Asym.fail.-DO on netw.flt. parameter. As soon as a system
incident is detected, the monitoring drops off instantaneously

3-Phase Measuring-Voltage Failure

Balanced Fault – VA, VB, VC <

A 3-phase measuring-voltage failure is detected if the following criteria are fulfilled simultaneously:
• All 3 phase-to-ground voltages drop below the threshold value 3ph.fail. - VA,VB,VC <
• A jump of the voltage (Signal jump V)
If these criteria are fulfilled and the monitoring is released and not blocked, the 3ph.failure-alarm indication
is output. When the voltage returns (even as 1-phase), the monitoring drops out.

Release by Phase Current

When all phase currents exceed the threshold value 3ph.fail. - phs.curr.release the monitoring is released. If the
device incorporates the distance-protection function, the device checks the input threshold value 3ph.fail. -
phs.curr.release against the minimum current setting of the distance protection for plausibility. The threshold
value 3ph.fail. - phs.curr.release must be set to less than or equal to the release current of the distance
protection.

Page 37 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Blocking in the Case of a System Incident

In the case of a 3-phase system incident, supervision must be blocked. The device detects a 3-phase incident with
a jump in the current. This change is detected via the internal signal Jump I or when the change in current of a
phase current exceeds the threshold value 3ph.fail. - phs.curr. jump. The change in current of phase currents is
formed from the difference between the present current phasor and the current phasor of the previous period.
This allows to take into account a jump of the current phase.

Switching onto a 3-Phase Measuring-Voltage Failure, Low Load

Switching onto a 3-phase measuring-voltage failure is detected if the following criteria are fulfilled
simultaneously:
• All 3 phase-to-ground voltages have dropped below the threshold value 3ph.fail. - VA,VB,VC <.
• The circuit breaker is detected to be in closed position. The detection takes place either via the phase currents or
via the ≥1-pole closed signal, which is generated via the circuit-breaker auxiliary contacts.
A voltage jump – such as in a 3-phase measuring-voltage failure with closed circuit breaker does not occur in the
case of switching to a 3-phase measuring-voltage failure. If the monitoring is not blocked, the time delay SO
3ph.fail. - time delay is started. After the time has elapsed, the indication SO 3ph.failure-alarm is displayed. A
dropout of the monitoring is only possible by a recovery of the voltage.
The supervision is blocked as soon as a pickup of a protection function is detected within a protection function
group and the time delay of the supervision has not yet elapsed.
This subfunction also covers the situation of a low load with 3-phase measuring-voltage failure and closed circuit
breaker, because the circuit-breaker condition is also determined from the circuit-breaker auxiliary contacts. The
subfunction for detecting a 3-phase measuring-voltage failure is not released in this situation, for example,
because the current flow is too low. This subfunction can be switched on or off separately using the Switch-on
3ph. failure parameter

Application and Setting Notes

Parameter: Asym.fail. - time delay

The Asym.fail. - time delay parameter allows you to set the time during which a system incident detected after
the occurrence of the unbalance resets the monitoring. This setting is important in the case of weak infeed
(current < 10 % of rated current) in order to give certain protection functions (such as distance protection) more
time for detecting system incidents. As long as the time delay runs, it is assumed that the unbalance is due to a
system incident.
As soon as the time has elapsed, the supervision assumes a measuring-voltage failure and seals in. Siemens
recommends using the default setting. If you want the seal-in function to operate sooner or at once, you can
reduce the time.
Based on IGMC requirements, it should be set to 5 to 10 sec.

_:113 : Asym.fail-time delay : 10.00 sec

Parameter: Asym.fail.-DO on netw.flt.

If set to no: After elapse of the time delay the supervision function seals in. Even if the system incident criterion
is fulfilled, the protection functions concerned will remain blocked. This avoids an unselective tripping of the
protection functions due to an absence of the measuring voltage in the case of an unbalanced system incident.
This is the default setting. If set to yes: The seal-in function is switched off. The supervision drops out
immediately when a system incident is detected. With this setting, the unbalanced measuring- voltage failure is
only reported, and in the event of a double failure (measuring-voltage failure and system incident in parallel),
unselective tripping is preferred.

_:115 : Asym.fail.-DO on netw.flt. : no

Page 38 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Parameter: 3ph.fail. - VA,VB,VC <

The 3ph.fail. - VA,VB,VC < parameter allows you to set the pickup value of the monitoring. Siemens
recommends using the default setting.
If you expect major disturbances acting upon the voltage inputs, you can increase this value. Increasing the values
makes the supervision more sensitive to 3-phase system incidents.

Based on IGMC requirements, it should be set to 30% Vn

3ph.fail. - VA,VB,VC < = 0.3 * Vn = 0.3 * 63.5104

_:101 : 3ph.fail. - VA,VB,VC < : 19.05 V

Parameter: 3ph.fail. - phs.curr.release

The 3ph.fail. - phs.curr.release parameter is used to define the phase current threshold above which the
monitoring is released. Siemens recommends using the default setting.
If the device incorporates the Distance protection function, this value must be set to less than or equal to the
release current of the distance protection. You can find more information in section Distance protection

Based on IGMC requirements, it should be set to 10 % In

3ph.fail. - phs.curr.release = 0.1 * In = 0.1 * 1031.471

_:102 : 3ph.fail. - phs.curr.release : 0.09 A

Parameter: 3ph.fail. - phs.curr. Jump

The 3ph.fail. - phs.curr. jump parameter is used to set the differential current between the present current
phasor and the stored phasor (from the previous period). If the value is exceeded, the function detects a system
incident and blocks the monitoring. Siemens recommends using the default setting. Based on IGMC
requrements, it should be set to 10% In.

Parameter: 3ph.fail. - phs.curr. Jump = 0.1 * In = 0.1 * 1031.471

_:103 : Parameter: 3ph.fail. - phs.curr. Jump : 0.09 A

Parameter: SO 3ph.fail. - time delay

The SO 3ph.fail. - time delay parameter allows you to set the delay of the monitoring. Siemens recommends
using the default setting.

_:106 : Parameter: SO 3ph.fail. - time delay : 3.00 sec

Adapt the SO 3ph.fail. - time delay parameter to the inherent time of protection functions which are intended to
block the monitoring function.
Note that with parameter values 0 s blocking of the monitoring function via a protection stimulation will not be
possible any more.

Parameter: Mode

The function is enabled at address:

_:1 : Operating mode : on

Page 39 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Parameter: Switch-on 3ph. Failure

If set to on: The subfunction Switching to a 3-phase measuring-voltage failure is active. In the case of low loads,
the subfunction for detection of a 3-phase measuring- voltage failure is not released, for example, because the
current flow is too low. In this situation, the subfunction Switching to a 3-phase measuring- voltage failure can
perform the monitoring task. Siemens recommends to switch that subfunction on. With the setting off the
subfunction Switching to a 3-phase measuringvoltage failure is not active.

_:107 : Switch-on 3ph. Failure : on

Page 40 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Power - Swing Blocking

Function Description

After dynamic events such as load jumps, short circuits, automatic reclosing functions, or switching operations,
the generators exposed to the oscillations may have to respond to the new power balance of the system. In case of
power swings, the distance-protection function is fed with high compensating currents and - especially at the
electrical center - low voltages. Low voltages combined with high currents represent apparently small impedances
that can lead to tripping by the distance protection. Power-swing blocking prevents tripping by the distance
protection in case of power swings.

Power swings are 3-phase symmetrical events. As a rule, a certain symmetry of the measurands can be
assumed. Power swings may also occur during unsymmetrical events, such as short circuits or during a 1-pole
dead time. For this reason, power-swing detection is structured to use 3 measuring systems. One measuring
system is available for each phase, which warrants phase-selective power-swing detection. If short circuits
occur, the power swing detected in the respective phase will be discarded, which enables the distance protection
function to initiate selective tripping.

Selection of the Distance Zones to be Blocked

Via this parameter, the user can individually select each zone present in the distance-protection function that is to
be blocked during a power swing. Based on IGMC requirements, all distance zones should be blocked by power
swing detection function.

Maximum Blocking Time

When using the Max. blocking time parameter, you can limit the maximum blocking time of the distance
protection during the power swing. In this way, for instance, the power-swing blockage can be eliminated when
using networks that are slowly drifting apart.
For tripping during an asynchronous long-lasting power swings, Max. blocking time is not relevant. For this
application, use the function Out-of-step protection.
If there is no operational requirement with regards to a time limit of the power-swing blocking, Siemens
recommends the default setting ∞ (= not in effect). But based on IGMC requirements, this time should be set to 2
seconds.

_:103 : Max. blocking time : 2.00 sec

Page 41 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

OVER VOLTAGE

Based on TAVANIR requirements, the first stage of overvoltage function should be set to 115% of nominal voltage
with 4 seconds operating time. Furthermore, the second stage of this function should be set to 130% of nominal
voltage with 1 second operating time. It should be noted that this function should operate when the condition appears
in each of 3 phases.

Definit - T1

_.1 : Mode = on

_.9 : Measured value = phase-to-ground

_.101 : Pickup mode = 1 out of 3

OV = 115 % Vn = 73.04 I/IrObj

_.3 : Threshold = 73.04 V

_.6 : Operate Delay = 4 Sec

Definit - T2

_.1 : Mode = on

_.9 : Measured value = phase-to-ground

_.101 : Pickup mode = 1 out of 3

OV = 130 % Vn = 82.56 I/IrObj

_.3 : Threshold = 82.56 V

_.6 : Operate Delay = 1 Sec

Page 42 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

UNDER VOLTAGE

Based on TAVANIR requirements, the undervoltage function should be set to 50% of nominal voltage with 4 seconds
operating time. it should be noted that this function should only operate when the condition appears in all 3 phases.

Definit - T1

_.1 : Mode = on

_.9 : Measured value = phase-to-ground

_.101 : Pickup mode = 3 out of 3

UV = 50 % Vn = 31.76 I/IrObj

_.3 : Threshold = 31.76 V

_.6 : Operate Delay = 4 Sec

Definit - T2

_.1 : Mode = on

_.9 : Measured value = phase-to-ground

_.101 : Pickup mode = 3 out of 3

UV = 50 % Vn = 31.76 I/IrObj

_.3 : Threshold = 31.76 V

_.6 : Operate Delay = 4 Sec

Page 43 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

SUMMARY OF SETTING

Power system
No. Settings Value
General
_:101 Phase sequence ABC
Meas. Point I-3ph1
CT 3- phase
General
_:115 CT connection 3-phase + IN
_:127 Tracking active
_:130 Measuring -point ID 1
CT phases
_:101 Rated primary current 1200.00 A
_:102 Rated secondary current 1 A
_:117 Current range 100 * IR
_:118 Internal CT type CT Protection
_:116 Neutr-point in dir of ref obj yes
_:114 Inverted phases none
_:107 CT error changeover 1.00
_:108 CT error A 5.00 %
_:109 CT error B 15.00 %
CT 1
_:103 Magnitude correction 1.000
_:117 Phase 1A
CT 2
_:103 Magnitude correction 1.000
_:117 phase 1B
CT 3
_:103 Magnitude correction 1.000
_:117 phase 1C
CT 4
_:103 Magnitude correction 1.000
_:117 phase 1N
Brk.wire det
_:1 Mode on
_:101 Mode of blocking autoblocking
_:102 Delta value of autoblock 1
Supv.balan I
_:1 Mode on
_:101 Release threshold 0.500 A
_:102 Threshold min/max 0.5
_:6 Delay supervision alarm 5.00 sec
Supv.ph.seq.I
_:1 Mode on
_:6 Delay supervision alarm 5.00 sec
Supv.sum.I
_:1 Mode off
_:102 Threshold 0.1 A
_:101 Slope factor 0.1
_:6 Delay supervision alarm 5 sec
Supv.ADC sum I
_:1 Mode on
Saturat. Det
_:101 CT saturation threshold 8 A

Page 44 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Meas. Point V-3ph1

VT 3- phase
_:101 Rated primary Voltage 63 kV
_:102 Rated secondary voltage 110 V
_:103 Matching ratio Vph / Vn 1.732
_:104 VT conncetion 3 ph-to-gnd voltages
_:106 Inverted phases none
_:111 Tracking active
_:130 Measuring -point ID 2
VT 1
_:103 Magnitude correction 1.000
_:108 phase VA
VT2
_:103 Magnitude correction 1.000
_:108 phase VB
VT3
_:103 Magnitude correction 1.000
_:108 phase VC
VT4
_:103 Magnitude correction 1.000
_:108 phase VN
Supv.balan V
_:1 Mode on
_:101 Release threshold 50.00 V
_:102 Threshold min/max 0.75
_:6 Delay supervision alarm 5.00 sec
Supv.ph.seq.V
_:1 Mode on
_:6 Delay supervision alarm 5.00 sec
Supv.sum.V
_:1 Mode off
_:3 Threshold 25.000 V
_:6 Delay supervision alarm 5.000 sec
VT minature CB
_:101 Response time 0.00 sec

Page 45 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Meas. Point V-1ph1

General
_:101 Rated primary voltage 63 kV
_:102 Rated secondary voltage 110 V
_:103 Tracking inactive
_:130 Measuring -point ID 3
VT1
_:103 Magnitude correction 1.000
_:108 Phase VN

Page 46 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Circuit breaker 1
No. Settings Value
General
Ref. for %-value
_:101 Rated normal current 1200.00 A
_:102 Rated voltage 63.00 kv
Breaker settings
_:112 Current thresh.CB open 0.05 A
Trip logic
_:103 Reset of trip command with I<
Circuit breaker
_:101 Output time 0.1 sec
Manual close
_:101 Action time 0.30 sec
_:102 CB open dropout delay 0.00 sec

Page 47 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Line 1
No. Settings Value
General
Rated values
_:101 Rated current 1200.00 A
_:102 Rated voltage 63.00 kv
Line data
_:149 Neutral point grounded
_:112 C1 per length unit 13.617 µF/km
_:148 C0 per length unit 13.617 µF/km
_:113 X per length unit 0.555906476 Ω/km
_:114 Line length 3.3 km
_:108 Line angle 74 º
_:104 Kr 0.98
_:105 Kx 1.21
_:119 CT saturation detection no
_:111 Series compensation no
_:110 Series capacit. Reactance - Ω
Measurements
_:158 P, Q sign not reversed
Process monitor
Closur detec.
_:101 Operating mode Iopen, Vopen,ManCl
_:102 Action time after closure 0.05 s
_:103 Min. time feeder open 0.25 s
1pol.open det.
_:101 Operating mode with measurement
Volt.criterion
_:101 Threshold U open 33 V

Page 48 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

50/51 OC - 3 ph -EMG
General
_:101 Emergency mode caused by main prot
Definite T1
_:1 Mode on
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:11 1-pole operate allowed no
_:26 Dynamic setting no
_:27 Blk,w,inrush- curr-detect yes
_:8 Method of meaurement fundamental comp.
_:3 Threshold 1.29 A
_:4 Droupout ratio 0.95
_:102 Pickup delay 0.0 sec
_:101 droupout delay 0.0 sec
_:6 Operate delay 1.50 sec
50N/51N OC -gnd-EMG
General
_:101 Emergency mode caused by main prot
_:9 Measured value 3I0 calculated
Definite T1
_:1 Mode on
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:26 Dynamic setting no
_:27 Blk,w,inrush- curr-detect yes
_:8 Method of meaurement fundamental comp.
_:3 Threshold 0.17 A
_:4 Droupout ratio 0.95
_:101 droupout delay 0.0 sec
_:6 Operate delay 1.50 sec

Page 49 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

50/51 OC - 3 ph -SOTF
General
_:101 Emergency mode no
Definite T1
_:1 Mode on
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:11 1-pole operate allowed no
_:26 Dynamic setting no
_:27 Blk,w,inrush- curr-detect yes
_:8 Method of meaurement fundamental comp.
_:3 Threshold 1.72 A
_:4 Droupout ratio 0.95
_:102 Pickup delay 0.0 sec
_:101 droupout delay 0.0 sec
_:6 Operate delay 0.00 sec
50N/51N OC -gnd-SOTF
General
_:101 Emergency mode no
_:9 Measured value 3I0 calculated
Definite T1
_:1 Mode on
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:26 Dynamic setting no
_:27 Blk,w,inrush- curr-detect yes
_:8 Method of meaurement fundamental comp.
_:3 Threshold 1.72 A
_:4 Droupout ratio 0.95
_:101 droupout delay 0.0 sec
_:6 Operate delay 0.00 sec

Switch on to fault
Stage 1
_:102 Configuration should be marked at configuration
_:1 Mode on
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:6 Operate delay 0.00 sec

Page 50 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Falut Locator
_:1 Mode on
_:101 Start with operate
_:103 Load compensation yes
Mes.v.fail.det
_:1 Mode on
_:115 Asym.fail.DO on netw.flt no
_:113 Asym.fail-time delay 10.00 sec
_:102 3ph.fail.phs.curr.release 0.09 A
_:103 3ph.fail.phs.curr.jump 0.09 A
_:101 3ph.fail-VA,VB,VC< 19.05 V
_:107 Switch -on 3ph.failure on
_:106 SO 3ph.fail-time delay 3.00 sec
68 P.swing blk
_:102 Zones to be blocked 21 Distance prot.1.z1,z2,z4
_:1 Mode on
_:103 Max. blocking time 2.00 sec

85-21 Perm.Overreach
_:141 Operate with 21 Distance prot. 1.z2
_:140 Send with 21 Distance prot. 1.z2
_:1 Mode on
_:101 Send porologation 0.05 sec
_:11 1 pole operated allowed no
_:102 Operate delay (1- phase) 0.00 sec
_:103 Operate delay (multi- phase) 0.00 sec
85-67 N Dir.comp
_:140 Send with 67N GFP gnd.sys. 1.Definit & Inverse
_:142 Trans.block.with -
_:141 Operate with 67N GFP gnd.sys. 1.Definit & Inverse
_:1 Mode on
_:101 Send prolongation 0.05 sec
_:102 Send delay 0.00 sec
_:105 Trans.blk.pickup delay 0.02 sec
_:106 Trans.blk.dropout delay 0.05 sec
_:104 3I0 threshold rev./forw 75.00 %
_:11 1-pole operate allowed no
_:103 Operat delay (1-phase) 0.00 sec

Page 51 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

67N GFP gnd-sys.1

General
_:114 Polarization with V0+IY or V2 + I2
_:101 Angle forward α 338 º
_:102 Angle forward β 122 º
_:103 Min.zero-seq.voltage V0 1.34 v
_:115 Dir.reslt=forw.at V0<min no
_:104 Min.3I0 f.increas.dir.sens 0.03 A
_:107 Min.neg-seq.voltage V2 1.34 v
_:106 Min.neg-seq.voltage I2 0.03 A
_:116 Dir.corr.at ser.comp.lines no
Definite-T 1
_:140 Blocking by should be marked at configuration
_:1 Mode off
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:114 Direction I mode forward
_:11 1-pole operate allowed no
_:8 Method of measurment 1-cycle filter
_:129 Op.mode at 1p dead time blocked
_:112 Hold mode 1p dead time 0.03 s
_:115 Dynamic settings no
_:111 Stabiliz.w.phase current 10.00 %
_:3 Threshold ∞ A
_:6 Operate delay ∞ s
Inverse-T 1
_:140 Blocking by should be marked at configuration
_:1 Mode on
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:115 Direction I mode forward
_:11 1-pole operate allowed no
_:8 Method of measurment 1-cycle filter
_:130 Op.mode at 1p dead time blocked
_:113 Hold mode 1p dead time 0.03 s
_:116 Dynamic settings no
_:112 Stabiliz.w.phase current 10.00 %
_:3 Threshold 0.17 A
_:133 Type of character.curve IEC normal inverse
_:106 Time dial 0.35
_:132 Addition time dial 0.00 s
_:134 Reset instantaneous
87 Stub diff.prot.1
General
_:1 Mode on
S-Diff
_:1 Mode off
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:3 Threshold 1.03 A
_:6 Operate delay 0.05 s
S-Diff fast 2
_:1 Mode off
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:3 Threshold 1.72 A

Page 52 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

27 Undervolt-3ph1
General
_:104 Current flow criterion off
_:101 Threshold I> 0.05 A
Definite- T1
_:1 Mode on
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:10 Blk. By meas.-volt failure yes
_:9 Measured value phase-to-ground
_:8 Method of meaurement fundamental comp.
_:101 Pickup mode 3 out of 3
_:102 Pickup delay no
_:3 Threshold 31.76 V
_:4 Dropout ratio 1.05
_:6 Opetate delay 4.00 sec
Definite- T2
_:1 Mode on
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:10 Blk. By meas.-volt failure yes
_:9 Measured value phase-to-ground
_:8 Method of meaurement fundamental comp.
_:101 Pickup mode 3 out of 3
_:102 Pickup delay no
_:3 Threshold 31.76 V
_:4 Dropout ratio 1.05
_:6 Opetate delay 4.00 sec
59 Overvoltage-3ph1
Definite- T1
_:1 Mode on
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:9 Measured value phase-to-ground
_:8 Method of meaurement fundamental comp.
_:101 Pickup mode 1 out of 3
_:3 Threshold 73.04 V
_:4 Dropout ratio 0.95
_:6 Opetate delay 4.00 sec
Definite- T2
_:1 Mode on
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:9 Measured value phase-to-ground
_:8 Method of meaurement fundamental comp.
_:101 Pickup mode 1 out of 3
_:3 Threshold 82.56 V
_:4 Dropout ratio 0.95
_:6 Opetate delay 1.00 sec

Page 53 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

21 Distance prot 1
General
_:110 Zone timer start on zone pickup
_:107 Dist.characteristic angle 74 º
_:105 Ground-fault detection 3I0 or V0
_:103 3I0>threshold value 0.166666667 A
_:102 V0>threshold value 12.70 V
_:104 3I0>pickup stabilization 0.10
_:108 Loop select with ph-ph-g block leading phase
Pickup Z<
_:101 Min. phase-current thresh 0.167 A
_:102 Use ph-g load cutout yes
_:103 R load cutout (ph-g) 38.44 A
_:104 Angle load cutout (ph-g) 40.84 A
_:105 Use ph-ph load cutout yes
_:106 R load cutout (ph-ph) 38.44 A
_:107 Angle load cutout (ph-ph) 40.84 A
Z 1<
_:1 Mode on
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:11 1-pole operate allowed no
_:101 Function mode ph-gnd and ph-ph
_:114 Zone-spec residu.comp no
_:109 Directional mode forward
_:102 X reach 1.468 Ω
_:103 R (ph-g) 7.34 Ω
_:104 R (ph-ph) 7.34 Ω
_:113 Zone-inclination angle 0.0 0
_:110 Operate delay (1-phase) 0.1 s
_:112 Operate delay (multi-phase) 0.1 s
Z 2<
_:1 Mode on
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:11 1-pole operate allowed no
_:101 Function mode ph-gnd and ph-ph
_:114 Zone-spec residu.comp no
_:109 Directional mode forward
_:102 X reach 2.201 Ω
_:103 R (ph-g) 11.01 Ω
_:104 R (ph-ph) 11.01 Ω
_:113 Zone-inclination angle 0.0 0
_:110 Operate delay (1-phase) 0.4 s
_:112 Operate delay (multi-phase) 0.4 s
Z 3<
_:1 Mode on
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:11 1-pole operate allowed no
_:101 Function mode ph-gnd and ph-ph
_:114 Zone-spec residu.comp no
_:109 Directional mode forward
_:102 X reach 64.7 Ω
_:103 R (ph-g) 323.7 Ω
_:104 R (ph-ph) 323.7 Ω
_:113 Zone-inclination angle 0.0 0
_:110 Operate delay (1-phase) 0.8 s
_:112 Operate delay (multi-phase) 0.8 s

Page 54 of 55
 MAHALAT 400KV SUBSTATION
PROTECTION RELAYS SETTING CALCULATION

SUBJECT 63KV Line SUBI1 Distance Protection (=FL17&=FL19+W)

REV: Z

Z 4<
_:1 Mode on
_:2 Operate & flt.rec.blocked no
_:11 1-pole operate allowed no
_:101 Function mode ph-gnd and ph-ph
_:114 Zone-spec residu.comp no
_:109 Directional mode reverse
_:102 X reach 135.9 Ω
_:103 R (ph-g) 120.3 Ω
_:104 R (ph-ph) 120.3 Ω
_:113 Zone-inclination angle 0.0 0
_:110 Operate delay (1-phase) 1.2 s
_:112 Operate delay (multi-phase) 1.2 s
AR Zone 1<
_:105 Operate with 21 Distance prot. 1.z2
_:1 Mode on
_:11 1-pole operate allowed yes
_:110 Operate delay (1-phase) 0.0 s
_:112 Operate delay (multi-phase) 0.0 s
_:101 Effected by AR cycle 1.0
_:121 Blocked if 85-21 active yes

Page 55 of 55