A PROJECT REPORT

ON

“ACCIDENT ALERT & LOCATION TRACKING

SYSTEM (AALTS)”
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF

DIPLOMA IN
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION, MUMBAI
SUBMITTED BY:
Name of Team Members Enrollment No.
Borhade Sushant Santosh 2110510277
Hinge Chirag Rajiv 2110510285
Hole Tejas Manohar 2110510286
Nanaware Atharva Vikas 2110510303

Under the Guidance of

Smt. P. M. Zilpe

Government Polytechnic, Awasari (Khurd)

2023-2024
I
“ACCIDENT ALERT & LOCATION TRACKING
SYSTEM (AALTS)”

SUBMITTED BY:

Name of Team Members Enrollment No.

Borhade Sushant Santosh 2110510277
Hinge Chirag Rajiv 2110510285
Hole Tejas Manohar 2110510286
Nanaware Atharva Vikas 2110510303

In Partial Fulfilment of

DIPLOMA IN
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

Under the Guidance of

Smt. P. M. Zilpe

Government Polytechnic, Awasari (Khurd)

Institute code-1051
2023-2024

II
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “ACCIDENT ALERT &
LOCATION TRACKING SYSTEM (AALTS)” was successfully completed
by student of sixth semester Diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering:
Borhade Sushant Santosh 2110510277
Hinge Chirag Rajiv 2110510285
Hole Tejas Manohar 2110510286
Nanaware Atharva Vikas 2110510303

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Diploma in

Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering of Government
Polytechnic, Awasari (Khurd) work carried out during a period for academic
year 2023-2024 as per curriculum.

------------------- -------------------
Smt. P. M. Zilpe Dr. Y. V. CHAVAN
Project Guide Head of Department (HOD)

------------------- -------------------
…………………….. Dr. V. S. BANDAL
External Examiner Principal

III
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project done as final year project report entitled “ACCIDENT
ALERT & LOCATION TRACKING SYSTEM (AALTS)” in
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Diploma in
Electronics and Tele- communication Engineering.
It gives us an immense pleasure to express our sincere and heartiest
gratitude towards our Project Guide Smt. P. M. Zilpe for her
guidance, encouragement, moral support and affection during the
project planning. She has proven to be an excellent guide and teacher.
We are especially appreciative to her willingness to listen and guide us
to find the best solution, regardless of challenge. We also thankful of
our project guide for providing us opportunity to work with them.
We also extremely grateful of Dr. V. S. Bandal, Principal and Dr. Y. V.
Chavan. Head of Electronics and Telecommunication Department for
their motivation and support during the work of Capstone Project
Planning from time to time and for giving her precious knowledgeable
hands to our work.
We are also grateful to parents, friends and all staff of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering Department, for providing us relevant
information, and support.
1. Borhade Sushant Santosh
2. Hinge Chirag Rajiv
3. Hole Tejas Manohar
4. Nanaware Atharva Vikas

Lastly, our cordial thanks to all who have contributed indirectly and
materially in words and deeds for completion of Capstone project
planning.

IV
 CONTENT
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. 1
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER 2 - BLOCK DIAGRAM ...................................................................................... 4
2.1 Block Diagram .......................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Component Used in Block Diagram ......................................................................................... 6
2.3 Block Diagram Description ....................................................................................................... 7

CHAPTER 3 - CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ................................................................................... 9

3.1 Circuit Diagram ........................................................................................................................ 10

CHAPTER 4 - INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLER .................................... 13

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 20
4.2 Pin Diagram .............................................................................................................................. 21
4.3 Pin Functions .............................................................................................................................. 5
4.4 Specification ............................................................................................................................. 23
CHAPTER 5 - HARDWARE DESCIPTION .................................................................... 25
5.1 Accelerometer & Gyroscope Sensor: MPU6050 ....................................................................... 26
5.2 GPS Module: NEO6M GPS ...................................................................................................... 33
5.3 Charging Boost Step-Up Module: TP4056 ............................................................................... 40
5.4 18650 Battery ............................................................................................................................ 44
5.5 Push Button ............................................................................................................................... 44
5.6 Slide ON/OFF Switch ............................................................................................................... 44
5.7 Female USB Socket .................................................................................................................. 44
5.8 10k ohm Resistor ...................................................................................................................... 44

CHAPTER 6 - PROGRAMMING ...................................................................................... 45

6.1 Algorithm .................................................................................................................................. 46
6.2 Flowchart .................................................................................................................................. 49
6.3 Program ..................................................................................................................................... 50

CHAPTER 7 - RESULT, CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE ..................................... 57

7.1 Result ........................................................................................................................................ 58
7.2 Actual Hardware ....................................................................................................................... 59
7.3Actual Output ............................................................................................................................. 60
7.4 Features ..................................................................................................................................... 62
7.5 Future Scope ............................................................................................................................. 63
7.6 Applications .............................................................................................................................. 65
7.7 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 67

CHAPTER 8 - REFERENCE .............................................................................................. 68

8.1 Website ...................................................................................................................................... 69

CHAPTER 9 - APPENDIX .................................................................................................. 70

9.1 Datasheet of Major Components .............................................................................................. 71
9.2 List of Components with Price ................................................................................................. 74
9.3 Action Plan ................................................................................................................................ 75

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ABSTRACT
Road accidents are a major cause of death and injury worldwide. In
many cases, the time it takes for emergency responders to arrive at the
scene of an accident can make a critical difference in the outcome. An
accident alert and location tracking system can help to reduce this time
by automatically detecting accidents and sending alerts to first
responders with the exact location of the accident scene.
This project proposes a low-cost and easy-to-implement accident alert
and location tracking system using a microcontroller, GPS module, and
GSM module. The system is designed to be installed in vehicles and
will detect accidents using a variety of sensors, such as accelerometers,
gyroscopes, and impact sensors. Once an accident is detected, the
system will send an alert message to first responders with the exact
location of the vehicle using the GPS module and GSM module.
The system will also be equipped with a user-friendly interface that
allows the driver to manually trigger an alert in case of an emergency.
The system will also be able to track the vehicle's location in real time,
which can be useful for tracking stolen vehicles or locating vehicles in
remote areas.
The proposed system has the potential to save lives by reducing the
time it takes for emergency responders to arrive at the scene of an
accident. In addition, a wide range of vehicles can use a cost-effective
and easy-to-implement solution.

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INTRODUCTION
The motor vehicle population is growing at a faster rate than the
economic and population growth. Accidents and the death rate due to
road accidents. Most of the accident deaths that happens are due to the
lack of immediate medical assistance, on the roads like express
highways. A facility for providing immediate medical assistance to the
accident area can reduce the fatality to a greater extends. Thus comes
the idea of an alert system that senses the accident and its seriousness
to alert the medical centre, to the passenger’s near and dear ones for
providing ambulance or medical aid to the accident area.
The proposed system will check whether an accident has occurred and
identify the seriousness of the injury to the accident victim/driver. Once
the decision of serious accident has taken, the system will alert the
victim’s dear ones via short message service and they could inform the
rescue team so that the rescue team can rush to the spot immediately
without any delay as the correct location will be communicated by the
mobile phone of the accident victim.
In the past few years, accident detection and warning systems have
been extensively studied. Research work in this field has proposed a
telematics model, one of the systems is designed to capture the location
of the vehicle through a GPS receiver, send the location information to
the owner's mobile phone number via SMS, and then send it to the
telematics operator server via GPRS. Another prototype where a
system for Vehicle Monitoring Controlling and Tracking has developed
by using Android Application. The Details regarding Tracking are
updated in Android App which user has to install in his device. In one
of the research work prototype architectures is also proposed to
improve the survival chances of passengers in traffic accidents. The
system uses the functions provided by car-to-car communication
technology to provide automatic detection, reporting and assistance for
passengers in traffic accidents. Here a low-cost alert system is proposed
to provide immediate medical aid to the accident victims by alerting
the victim’s near and dear one’s with the exact place of accident
through SMS. This system also has a feature of tracking a vehicle
location in case of any theft.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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COMPONENT USED IN BLOCK

DIAGRAM

1. TTGO TCALL ESP32 SIM800L: (TTGO TCALL ESP32

SIM800L)

2. Charging Boost Step-up Module TP405

3. Gyro Sensor: MPU6050

4. GPS Module: NEO6M GPS

5. 18650 Battery and Charger

6. Slide ON/OFF Switch

7. Push Button

8. Female USB Socket

9. Resistors

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BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

An accident alert system that uses an ESP32 microcontroller. The
ESP32 is a popular choice for this type of application because it is
relatively inexpensive and has built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
connectivity.
The other components in the block diagram include:
 GPS module (NEO6M): This module is used to track the
location of the vehicle. In the event of an accident, the GPS
coordinates can be sent to emergency services.

 SIM800L module: This module is a cellular modem that can be

used to send SMS messages or make phone calls. It could be used
to send an alert message to emergency services or to a designated
contact person in the event of an accident.

 MPU6050 sensor: This sensor is a combination accelerometer

and gyroscope. The accelerometer can be used to detect sudden
changes in acceleration, which could be indicative of an accident.
The gyroscope can be used to detect changes in the vehicle's
orientation, which could also be helpful in determining if an
accident has occurred.

 TP4056 charging boost step-up module: This module is likely

used to regulate the power supply to the system.

 Push button: This button could be used to manually trigger an

alert message, even if the system does not detect an accident
automatically.

 Slide on/off switch: This switch is likely used to turn the power
on and off to the system.

 18650 battery: This battery is likely used to power the system.

 Female USB socket: This socket is likely used to charge the

battery.

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The system works as follows:

1. The accelerometer and gyro sensor continuously measure the

vehicle's acceleration and rotation.

2. The ESP32 microcontroller processes data from the

accelerometer and gyro sensor to detect accidents.

3. If the ESP32 microcontroller detects an accident, it sends an SMS

message to pre-defined phone numbers with the vehicle's
location.

4. The ESP32 microcontroller can also be used to track the vehicle's

location in real time and send GPS coordinates to pre-defined
phone numbers at regular intervals.

This system can be used to develop a variety of different accident alert

and location tracking applications. For example, the system could be
used to:

 Track the location of first responders during an emergency.

 Monitor the location of valuable cargo.

 Protect elderly or disabled individuals from serious injuries.

The system is also relatively easy to implement, thanks to the TTGO

TCALL ESP32 SIM800L board. This board provides all of the
necessary components to develop a sophisticated accident alert and
location tracking system.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
1. Actual Circuit:

Working of Actual Circuit:

The circuit in the image shows a safety alert button connected to an ESP32
microcontroller, SIM800L GSM module, and UBLOX NEO-6M GPS module.

The safety button is connected to the ESP32 microcontroller, and the GPS module
is connected to the ESP32 microcontroller. The SIM800L GSM module is
connected to the ESP32 microcontroller using a serial connection.

The circuit works as follows:

1. When the safety button is pressed, the ESP32 microcontroller detects the
button press and sends a signal to the SIM800L GSM module.

2. The SIM800L GSM module then sends an SMS message to a pre-defined

phone number with the GPS coordinates of the device's location.

3. The recipient of the SMS message can then use a mapping app to track the
location of the device on a map.

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The circuit can also be used to track the device's location in real time. To do this,
the ESP32 microcontroller would periodically send an SMS message with the
device's location to a pre-defined phone number.

Here is a more detailed explanation of how each component in the circuit

works:

 ESP32 microcontroller: The ESP32 microcontroller is the brain of the

circuit. It is responsible for processing data from the safety button and GPS
module, and for sending SMS messages to pre-defined phone numbers.

 SIM800L GSM module: The SIM800L GSM module is used to send SMS
messages. It is a small and inexpensive module that is easy to use.

 UBLOX NEO-6M GPS module: The UBLOX NEO-6M GPS module is

used to determine the device's location. It is a high-accuracy GPS module
that is suitable for a variety of applications.

 Safety button: The safety button is a simple push-button switch. It is used

to manually trigger an alert.

 The circuit is powered by a 9V battery: The battery is connected to the

ESP32 microcontroller using a voltage regulator. The voltage regulator
ensures that the ESP32 microcontroller receives a constant voltage, even
when the battery voltage is low.

This circuit can be used to develop a variety of different safety alert and
location tracking applications. For example, the circuit could be used to:

 Track the location of hikers or backpackers.

 Protect elderly or disabled individuals from serious injuries.

 Track the location of valuable cargo.

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2. Power Supply Circuit:

Working of Power Supply Circuit:

The circuit you sent is a charger step-up boost module. It is used to charge a
3.7V 18650 battery. The circuit consists of the following components:

 TP4056: The TP4056 is a lithium-ion battery charger IC. It is responsible

for charging the 18650 battery.
 IN+ and IN-: These are the input terminals of the circuit. The input voltage
should be between 4.5V and 9V.
 BAT: This is the output terminal of the circuit. It is connected to the 18650
battery.
 UOUT: This is the output voltage terminal of the circuit. It is used to power
devices that require a voltage of 5V.
 UDUT: This is the output current terminal of the circuit. It is used to limit
the output current of the circuit.
 Potentiometer: The potentiometer is used to adjust the output voltage of
the circuit.

The circuit works as follows:

1. The input voltage is applied to the IN+ and IN- terminals.

2. The TP4056 IC then charges the 18650 battery.
3. The output voltage of the circuit is regulated to 5V by the TP4056 IC.
4. The output current of the circuit is limited by the UOUT terminal.
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INTRODUCING THE TTGO T-CALL

ESP32 SIM800L
The TTGO T-Call is a new ESP32 development board that combines a
SIM800L GSM/GPRS module. You can get if for approximately $11.

Besides Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, you can communicate with this ESP32
board using SMS or phone calls and you can connect it to the internet
using your SIM card data plan. This is great for IoT projects that don’t
have access to a nearby router.

Important: the SIM800L works on 2G networks, so it will only work in

your country, if 2G networks are available. Check if you have 2G
network in your country, otherwise it won’t work.

To use the capabilities of this board you need to have a nano SIM card
with data plan and a USB-C cable to upload code to the board.

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The package includes some header pins, a battery connector, and an

external antenna that you should connect to your board.

However, we had some issues with that antenna, so we decided to

switch to another type of antenna and all the problems were solved. The
following figure shows the new antenna.

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Project Overview
The idea of this project is to publish sensor data from anywhere to any
cloud service that you want. The ESP32 doesn’t need to have access to
a router via Wi-Fi, because we’ll connect to the internet using a SIM
card data plan.

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In a previous project, we’ve created our own server domain with a

database to plot sensor readings in charts that you can access from
anywhere in the world.

In this project, we’ll publish sensor readings to that server. You can
publish your sensor readings to any other service, like ThingSpeak,
IFTTT, etc…

If you want to follow this exact project, you should follow that previous
tutorial first to prepare your own server domain. Then, upload the code
provided in this project to your ESP32 board.

In summary, here’s how the project works:

1. The T-Call ESP32 SIM800L board is in deep sleep mode.

2. It wakes up and connects to the internet using your SIM card data
plan.
3. It publishes the sensor readings to the server and goes back to
sleep.
In our example, the sleep time is 60 minutes, but you can easily change
it in the code.

We’ll be using a BME280 sensor, but you should be able to use any
other sensor that best suits your needs.

Hosting Provider
If you don’t have a hosting account, I recommend signing up for
Bluehost, because they can handle all the project requirements. If you
don’t have a hosting account, I would appreciate if you sign up for
Bluehost using my link. Which doesn’t cost you anything extra and
helps support our work.

Get Hosting and Domain Name with Bluehost »

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Prerequisites

1. ESP32 add-on Arduino IDE

We will program the ESP32 using Arduino IDE. Therefore, you need
to have the ESP32 add-on installed in your Arduino IDE. Follow the
next tutorial, if you have not already.

 Installing the ESP32 Board in Arduino IDE (Windows, Mac OS

X, Linux)

2. Preparing your Server Domain

In this project we’ll show you how to publish data to any cloud service.
We’ll be using our own server domain with a database to publish all
the data, but you can use any other service like ThingSpeak, IFTTT,
etc…

If you want to follow this exact project, you should follow the next
tutorial to prepare your own server domain.

 Visualize Your Sensor Readings from Anywhere in the World

(ESP32 + MySQL + PHP)

3. SIM Card with data plan

To use the TTGO T-Call ESP32 SIM800L board, you need a nano SIM
card with a data plan. We recommend using a SIM card with a prepaid
or monthly plan, so that you know exactly how much you’ll spend.

4. APN Details
To connect your SIM card to the internet, you need to have your phone
plan provider APN details. You need the domain name, username and
a password.

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Capstone Project – Execution and Report Writing (CPE) - 22060

In my case, I’m using vodafone India. If you search for GPRS APN
settings followed by your phone plan provider name, (in my case its:
“GPRS APN vodafone Portugal”), you can usually find in a forum or
in their website all the information that you need.

I’ve found this website that can be very useful to find all the
information you need.
It might be a bit tricky to find the details if you don’t use a well known
provider. So, you might need to contact them directly.

5. Libraries
You need to install these libraries to proceed with this
project: TinyGSM. Follow the next instructions to install these
libraries.

Installing the TinyGSM Library

In the Arduino IDE Library Manager search for TinyGSM. Select the
TinyGSM library by Volodymyr Shymanskyy.

After installing the libraries, restart your Arduino IDE.

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PIN DIAGRAM

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PIN FUNCTIONS
Name No Type Function
Gnd 1 P Ground
3V3 2 P Power supply
EN 3 I Module-enable signal. Active high.
SENSOR_VP 4 I GPIO36, ADC1_CH0, RTC_GPIO0
SENSOR_VN 5 I GPIO39, ADC1_CH3, RTC_GPIO3
IO34 6 I GPIO34, ADC1_CH6, RTC_GPIO4
IO35 7 I GPIO35, ADC1_CH7, RTC_GPIO5
IO32 8 I/O GPIO32, XTAL_32K_P (32.768 kHz crystal
oscillator input), ADC1_CH4, TOUCH9,
RTC_GPIO9

IO33 9 I/O GPIO33, XTAL_32K_N (32.768 kHz crystal

oscillator output),

ADC1_CH5, TOUCH8, RTC_GPIO8

IO25 10 I/O GPIO25, DAC_1, ADC2_CH8, RTC_GPIO6,

EMAC_RXD0
IO26 11 I/O GPIO26, DAC_2, ADC2_CH9, RTC_GPIO7,
EMAC_RXD1
IO27 12 I/O GPIO27, ADC2_CH7, TOUCH7, RTC_GPIO17,
EMAC_RX_DV
IO14 13 I/O GPIO14, ADC2_CH6, TOUCH6, RTC_GPIO16,
MTMS, HSPICLK, HS2_CLK, SD_CLK,
EMAC_TXD2

IO12 1 14 I/O GPIO12, ADC2_CH5, TOUCH5, RTC_GPIO15,

MTDI, HSPIQ, HS2_DATA2, SD_DATA2,
EMAC_TXD3

Gnd 15 P Ground

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IO13 16 I/O GPIO13, ADC2_CH4, TOUCH4, RTC_GPIO14,

MTCK, HSPID, HS2_DATA3, SD_DATA3,
EMAC_RX_ER

SHD/SD2 2 17 I/O GPIO9, SD_DATA2, SPIHD, HS1_DATA2,

U1RXD
SWP/SD3 2 18 I/O GPIO10, SD_DATA3, SPIWP, HS1_DATA3,
U1TXD
SCS/CMD 2 19 I/O GPIO11, SD_CMD, SPICS0, HS1_CMD, U1RTS

SCK/CLK 2 20 I/O GPIO6, SD_CLK, SPICLK, HS1_CLK, U1CTS

SDO/SD0 2 21 I/O GPIO7, SD_DATA0, SPIQ, HS1_DATA0, U2RTS
SDI/SD1 2 22 I/O GPIO8, SD_DATA1, SPID, HS1_DATA1, U2CTS
IO15 23 I/O GPIO15, ADC2_CH3, TOUCH3, MTDO,
HSPICS0, RTC_GPIO13, HS2_CMD, SD_CMD,
EMAC_RXD3
IO2 24 I/O GPIO2, ADC2_CH2, TOUCH2, RTC_GPIO12,
HSPIWP, HS2_DATA0, SD_DATA0
IO0 25 I/O GPIO0, ADC2_CH1, TOUCH1, RTC_GPIO11,
CLK_OUT1,EMAC_TX_CLK
IO4 26 I/O GPIO4, ADC2_CH0, TOUCH0, RTC_GPIO10,
HSPIHD, HS2_DATA1, SD_DATA1,
EMAC_TX_ER
NC1 27 - -
NC2 28 - -
IO5 29 I/O GPIO5, VSPICS0, HS1_DATA6,
EMAC_RX_CLK
IO18 30 I/O GPIO18, VSPICLK, HS1_DATA7
IO19 31 I/O GPIO19, VSPIQ, U0CTS, EMAC_TXD0
NC 32 - -
IO21 33 I/O GPIO21, VSPIHD, EMAC_TX_EN
RXD0 34 I/O GPIO3, U0RXD, CLK_OUT2
TXD0 35 I/O GPIO1, U0TXD, CLK_OUT3, EMAC_RXD2
IO22 36 I/O GPIO22, VSPIWP, U0RTS, EMAC_TXD1
IO23 37 I/O GPIO23, VSPID, HS1_STROBE
Gnd 38 P Ground

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SPECIFICATIONS OF ESP32 TTGO

T- CALL MODULE
 Chipset: ESPRESSIF-ESP32 240MHz Xtensa® single-/dual-core
32-bit LX6 microprocessor
 FLASH Memory: QSPI flash 4MB / PSRAM 8MB
 SRAM: 520 KB SRAM
 Button: Reset
 USB to TTL IC: CP2104
 Modular interface: UAR, SPI, SDIO, I2C, LED PWM, TV PWM,
I2S, IRGPIO, capacitor touch sensor, ADC, DACLNA pre-amplifier
 On-board clock: 40MHz crystal oscillator
 Working voltage: 2.7V-3.6V
 Working current: About 70mA
 Sleep current: About 300uA
 SIM card: Only supports Nano SIM card
 Working temperature range: -40℃ ~ +85℃
 Size & Weight: 78.83mm*28.92mm*8.06mm(11.77g)
 Power Supply: USB 5V/1A
 Charging current: 500mA
 Battery: 3.7V lithium battery (Not included)
 JST Connector: 2Pin 1.25mm
 USB: Type-C
 Standard: FCC/CE-RED/IC/TELEC/KCC/SRRC/NCC
 Protocol: 802.11 b/g/n(802.11n, speed up to150Mbps)A-MPDU
and A-MSDU polymerization, support 0.4μS Protection interval
 Frequency range: 2.4GHz~2.5GHz(2400M~2483.5M)
 Transmit Power: 22dBm
 Communication distance: 300m
 GSM/GPRS SIM800L: Quad-band 850/900/1800/1900MHz
 Connect onto any global GSM network with any 2G SIM
 Send and receive SMS messages.

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 Send and receive GPRS data (TCP/IP, HTTP, etc.)

 AT command interface with “auto baud” detection.
 Bluetooth v4.2BR/EDR and BLE standard
 Radio frequency: -97dBm sensitivity NZIF receiver Class-1,Class-
2&Class-3 emitter AFH
 Audio frequency: CVSD&SBC audio frequency
 Wi-Fi Mode: Station/SoftAP/SoftAP+Station/P2P
 Security mechanism: WPA/WPA2/WPA2-Enterprise/WPS
 Encryption Type: AES/RSA/ECC/SHA
 Firmware upgrade: UART download/OTA (Through network/host
to download and write firmware）
 Software Development: Support cloud server development /SDK
for user firmware development
 Networking protocol: IPv4, IPv6, SSL,
TCP/UDP/HTTP/FTP/MQTT
 User Configuration: AT + Instruction set, cloud server,
android/iOSapp
 OS: FreeRTO

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MPU6050 ACCELEROMETER AND

GYROSCOPE SENSOR

 MPU6050 sensor module is complete 6-axis Motion Tracking

Device. It combines 3-axis Gyroscope, 3-axis Accelerometer and
Digital Motion Processor all in small package. In addition, it has
additional feature of on-chip Temperature sensor. It has I2C bus
interface to communicate with the microcontrollers.
 It has Auxiliary I2C bus to communicate with other sensor devices
like 3-axis Magnetometer, Pressure sensor etc.
 If 3-axis Magnetometer is connected to auxiliary I2C bus, then
MPU6050 can provide complete 9-axis Motion Fusion output.

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Let us see MPU6050 inside sensors:

3-Axis Gyroscope
The MPU6050 consist of 3-axis Gyroscope with Micro Electro
Mechanical System (MEMS) technology. It is used to detect rotational
velocity along the X, Y, Z axis as shown in below figure.

 When the gyros are rotated about any of the sense axes, the Coriolis
Effect causes a vibration that is detected by a MEM inside
MPU6050.
 The resulting signal is amplified, demodulated, and filtered to
produce a voltage that is proportional to the angular rate.
 This voltage is digitized using 16-bit ADC to sample each axis.
 The full-scale range of output are +/- 250, +/- 500, +/- 1000, +/-
2000.
 It measures the angular velocity along each axis in degree per second
unit.

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3-Axis Accelerometer
The MPU6050 consist 3-axis Accelerometer with Micro Electro
Mechanical (MEMs) technology. It used to detect angle of tilt or
inclination along the X, Y and Z axes as shown in below figure.

 Acceleration along the axes deflects the movable mass.

This displacement of moving plate (mass) unbalances the differential
capacitor, which results in sensor output. Output amplitude is
proportional to acceleration.
 16-bit ADC is used to get digitized output.
 The full-scale range of acceleration are +/- 2g, +/- 4g, +/- 8g, +/-
16g.
 It measured in g (gravity force) unit.
 When device placed on flat surface it will measure 0g on X and Y
axis and +1g on Z axis.

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MPU6050 Module Pinout

MPU6050 Pin Description

The MPU-6050 module has 8 pins,

 INT: Interrupt digital output pin.

 AD0: I2C Slave Address LSB pin. This is 0th bit in 7-bit slave
address of device. If connected to VCC then it is read as logic one
and slave address changes.
 XCL: Auxiliary Serial Clock pin. This pin is used to connect
other I2C interface enabled sensors SCL pin to MPU-6050.
 XDA: Auxiliary Serial Data pin. This pin is used to connect other
I2C interface enabled sensors SDA pin to MPU-6050.
 SCL: Serial Clock pin. Connect this pin to microcontrollers SCL
pin.
 SDA: Serial Data pin. Connect this pin to microcontrollers SDA
pin.
 GND: Ground pin. Connect this pin to ground connection.
 VCC: Power supply pin. Connect this pin to +5V DC supply.
 MPU-6050 module has Slave address (When AD0 = 0, i.e. it is
not connected to Vcc) as,

Slave Write address(SLA+W): 0xD0

Slave Read address(SLA+R): 0xD1

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Specification of MPU6050 Sensor

Gyroscope:

 3-axis sensing with a full-scale range of ±250, ±500, ±1000, or

±2000 degrees per second (dps)
 Sensitivity of 131, 65.5, 32.8, or 16.4 LSBs per dps
 Output data rate (ODR) range of 8kHz to 1.25Hz

Accelerometer:

 3-axis sensing with a full-scale range of ±2g, ±4g, ±8g, or ±16g

 Sensitivity of 16384, 8192, 4096, or 2048 LSBs per g
 ODR range of 8kHz to 1.25Hz
 Temperature Sensor:
 Operating range of -40°C to +85°C
 Sensitivity of 340 LSBs per degree Celsius
 Accuracy of ±3°C

Supply Voltage:

 Operating voltage range of 2.375V to 3.46V for the MPU-6050,

and 2.375V to 5.5V for the MPU-6050A
 Communication Interface:
 I2C serial interface with a maximum clock frequency of 400kHz
 8-bit and 16-bit register access modes

Other Features:

 Digital Motion Processor (DMP) for complex motion processing

 On-chip 16-bit ADCs for accurate analog-to-digital conversion
 Programmable digital filters for improved noise performance
 Interrupts for triggering events based on specific motion
conditions
 Low-power consumption (3.9mA for full operation)

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Calculations:
Note that gyroscope and accelerometer sensor data of MPU6050
module consists of 16-bit raw data in 2’s complement form.
Now suppose we have selected,
Accelerometer full scale range of +/- 2g with Sensitivity Scale Factor
of 16,384 LSB (Count)/g.
Gyroscope full scale range of +/- 250 °/s with Sensitivity Scale Factor
of 131 LSB (Count)/°/s.
Then,
To get sensor raw data, we need to first perform 2’s complement on
sensor data of Accelerometer and gyroscope.
After getting sensor raw data we can calculate acceleration and angular
velocity by dividing sensor raw data with their sensitivity scale factor
as follows,

Accelerometer values in g (g force)

Acceleration along the X axis = (Accelerometer X axis raw data/16384) g.
Acceleration along the Y axis = (Accelerometer Y axis raw data/16384) g.
Acceleration along the Z axis = (Accelerometer Z axis raw data/16384) g.

Gyroscope values in °/s (degree per second)

Angular velocity along the X axis = (Gyroscope X axis raw data/131) °/s.
Angular velocity along the Y axis = (Gyroscope Y axis raw data/131) °/s.
Angular velocity along the Z axis = (Gyroscope Z axis raw data/131) °/s.

For example,
Suppose, after 2’ complement we get accelerometer X axes raw value
= +15454
Then Ax = +15454/16384 = 0.94 g.

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Alternate options for MPU6050

MPU9250: This sensor module combines a 3-axis accelerometer, 3-

axis gyroscope, and 3-axis magnetometer in a single package.

LSM6DS3: This sensor module also combines a 3-axis accelerometer

and 3-axis gyroscope, but has a lower power consumption and smaller
size than the MPU6050.

ADXL345: This sensor module offers a 3-axis accelerometer with a

full-scale range of ±2g, ±4g, ±8g, or ±16g.

BNO055: This sensor module offers a 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis

gyroscope, and 3-axis magnetometer, along with a built-in processor
for fusion of sensor data.

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GPS MODULE: NEO6M GPS

How does GPS work?

GPS is a system of 30+ navigation satellites orbiting the earth. We

know where they are in space because they constantly transmit
information about their position and current time to Earth in the form
of radio signals.

A GPS receiver listens to these signals. Once the receiver calculates its
distance from at least three GPS satellites, it can figure out where you
are.

This process is known as Trilateration.

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Hardware Overview

NEO-6M GPS Chip

At the heart of the module is a GPS chip from U-blox – NEO-6M. The
chip measures less than a postage stamp but packs a surprising amount
of features into its tiny frame.

It can track up to 22 satellites over 50 channels and achieve the

industry’s highest level of tracking sensitivity i.e. -161 dB, while
consuming only 45 mA current.

Unlike other GPS modules, it can perform 5 location updates in a

second with 2.5m horizontal position accuracy. The U-blox 6
positioning engine also has a Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) of less than 1
second.
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One of the best features offered by the chip is Power Save Mode (PSM).
This allows a reduction in system power consumption by selectively
switching certain parts of the receiver on and off. This dramatically
reduces the power consumption of the module to just 11mA making it
suitable for power sensitive applications such as GPS wristwatches.

The required data pins of the NEO-6M GPS chip are broken out to a
0.1″ pitch headers. It contains the pins needed for communication with
the microcontroller over the UART. The module supports baud rates
from 4800bps to 230400bps with a default baud of 9600.

Here are the specifications:

Receiver Type 50 channels, GPS L1(1575.42Mhz)

Horizontal Position Accuracy 2.5m

Navigation Update Rate 1HZ (5Hz maximum)

Capture Time Cool start: 27sHot start: 1s

Navigation Sensitivity -161dBm

Communication Protocol NMEA, UBX Binary, RTCM

Serial Baud Rate 4800-230400 (default 9600)

Operating Temperature -40°C ~ 85°C

Operating Voltage 2.7V ~ 3.6V

Operating Current 45mA

TXD/RXD Impedance 510Ω

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Position Fix LED Indicator

There is an LED on the NEO-6M GPS module that indicates the status
of the ‘Position Fix’. It will blink at different rates depending on which
state it is in:

 No blinking – it is searching for satellites.

 Blink every 1s – Position Fix is found (the module can see
enough satellites).

3.3V LDO Regulator

The operating voltage of the NEO-6M chip ranges from 2.7 to 3.6V.
But the good news is, this module comes with
MICREL’s MIC5205 Ultra-Low Dropout 3V3 regulator.

The logic pins are also 5-volt tolerant, so we can easily connect it to
Arduino or any 5V logic microcontroller without using a logic level
converter.

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Battery & EEPROM

The module is equipped with HK24C32 Two Wire Serial EEPROM.

It is 4KB in size and is connected via I2C to the NEO-6M chip.

The module also houses a rechargeable button battery that acts as a

super-capacitor.

EEPROM and battery together help in retaining the BBR (Battery

Backed RAM). BBR contains clock data, latest position data (GNSS
orbit data) and module configuration. But it is not for permanent data
storage.
The battery charges automatically when power is supplied to the
module and retains data for two weeks without power.
Since the battery retains the clock and last position data, Time-To-First-
Fix (TTFF) is significantly reduced to 1s. This allows much faster
position locks. Without battery the GPS is always cold-started and
takes longer for the initial GPS lock.

Antenna

The module comes with -161 dBm sensitivity patch antenna for
receiving radio signals from GPS satellites.

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You can snap-fit this antenna into the small U.FL connector located
on the module.

The patch antenna is great for most of our projects. But if you want to
get more sensitivity and accuracy, you can also snap-on any 3V active
GPS antenna.

U.FL connectors are small, delicate and are not rated for strain. To
prevent damage to the U.FL connection, you can thread the U.FL
cable through the mounting hole.

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NEO-6M GPS Module Pinout

The NEO-6M GPS module has a total of 4 pins that connect it to the
outside world. The connections are as follows:

GND is the ground pin and needs to be connected to the GND pin on
the Arduino.

TxD (Transmitter) pin is used for serial communication.

RxD (Receiver) pin is used for serial communication.

VCC supplies power to the module. You can connect it directly to the
5V pin on the Arduino.

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CHARGING BOOST STEP-UP MODULE:

TP4056

This module is made for charging rechargeable lithium batteries using

the constant-current/constant-voltage (CC/CV) charging method. In
addition to safely charging a lithium battery the module also provides
necessary protection required by lithium batteries. See below
concerning the protection features this module provides.
Protection Features:
This module uses the TP4056 / TC4056 Li-Ion charge controller IC and
a separate protection IC. There are other types of modules on the
market that use the TP4056 / TC4056 but lack any protection circuits
or ICs to provide the necessary protection needed with lithium
batteries. This module uses both the TP4056 / TC4056 and the DW01A
Li-Ion battery protection IC, which together in combination provide the
following protection features:

 Manage the constant current to constant voltage charging of a

connected lithium battery
 Over-discharge protection - keeps your battery from being
discharged below 2.4V, a healthy minimum voltage level for
your battery

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If a connected battery has been discharged below 2.4V the module will
cut output power from the battery until the battery voltage has been re-
charged above 3.0V (the over-discharge release voltage), which at that
time the module will again allow discharge of power from the battery
to a connected load. Although the module cuts output power from the
battery during an over-discharge situation, it still allows charging of the
battery to occur through the parasitic diode of the discharge control
MOSFET (FS8205A Dual MOSFET).

 Overcharge protection - the module will safely charge your

battery to 4.2V
 Overcurrent and short-circuit protection - the module will cut the
output from the battery if the discharge rate exceeds 3A or if a
short-circuit condition occurs
 Soft-start protection limits inrush current
 Trickle charge (battery reconditioning) - if the voltage level of
the connected battery is less than 2.9V, the module will use a
trickle charge current of 130mA until the battery voltage reaches
2.9V, at which point the charge current will be linearly increased
to the configured charge current.

Can be powered, for charging, from a USB cable (USB Micro or USB
C) or the + and - connections, see Power Supply Options
Diagram below. The power source needs to be able to provide at least
1A for the charger to correctly charge a connected battery. Most
modern phone/USB chargers can provide 1A or more; refer to the label
on your phone charger to verify. If you use a USB cable, make sure that
it is made to carry at least 1A.
Includes two indicator LEDs. Red LED indicates charging. Blue LED
indicates charge complete.
The charge current can be configured externally with the Rprog resistor
(R3, see below diagram). The datasheet for the TP4056 (refer to link
in resources section below) includes a table and equation for what
resistor values to use for configuring different charge currents.

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The module uses a very small amount of current (in the micro amps)
whenever it is connected to a battery. It is fine to leave it connected to
a battery for long periods, but if you plan to not charge the battery
within four months then we recommend disconnecting the module from
the battery.
You can connect two lithium battery cells in parallel to form an
equivalent single cell battery with a total capacity of twice that of the
individual single cells, but we do not recommend connecting more than
two cells at a time to this module. Refer to the Two Parallel Cell
Connection diagram below. Care must be taken when setting up this
type of configuration; refer to Precautionary Note 1 concerning
precautions to connecting parallel cells.
NOTE: Due to the nature and characteristics of lithium-ion batteries
Addicore is not responsible or liable for any damages, malfunction,
injuries, fire, burns, or any other consequences or results that may occur
with incorrect or correct use of this module or any battery, device, or
item this module is used with, including following or using any
instructions, guidance, or direction of any kind from Addicore or
others. By purchasing this product you accept the preceding.

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Specifications:

Charge Controller TP4056 / TC4056

Protection IC DW01A
Charge/Discharge Control FS8205A
MOSFET
Charge Method Constant-Current/Constant-Voltage
(CC/CV)
Input Supply Voltage 4.5~6.0 V
Constant Charge Current 1A
Configurable with Rprog resistor (R3, see
diagrams and TP4056 / TC4056 datasheet)
Charge Complete (Float) 4.2 V ±1.5%
Voltage
Overcharge Protection

Overcharge Detection Voltage 4.3 V ±50 mV

Overcharge Release Voltage 4.1 V ±50 mV
Over-Discharge Protection

Over-Discharge Detection 2.4 V ±100 mV

Voltage
Over-Discharge Release 3.0 V ±100 mV
Voltage
Overcurrent Protection

Overcurrent Protection 3A
Threshold
Overcurrent Cutout Delay 10~20 ms
Short-Circuit Cutout Delay 5~50 µs
Trickle Charge (Battery Reconditioning)

Trickle Charge Threshold 2.9 V ±0.1 V

Voltage
Trickle Charge Current 130 mA ±10 mA
Dimensions

Length 28 mm (~1.103")
Diameter 17 mm (~0.669")
Weight 1.6 g (0.057 oz)

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OTHER COMPONENTS REQURIED

1. 18650 Battery and Charger:

2. Push Button:

3. Slide ON/OFF Switch:

4. Female USB Socket:

5. 10k ohm Resistor

E&TC Dept., Government Polytechnic Awasari (Kh.)

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E&TC Dept., Government Polytechnic Awasari (Kh.)

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Capstone Project – Execution and Report Writing (CPE) - 22060

ALGORITHM
This code implements an accident alert and location tracking system
using the TTGO T-Call ESP32 with SIM800L. Below is an algorithm
that describes how the code works:

1. Initialization:
 Initialize the required pins and modules for the TTGO T-Call
ESP32, including the GSM module, GPS module, and
accelerometer (MPU-6050).
 Set up the Blynk connection using the provided credentials.
 Initialize variables for storing GPS data, accelerometer readings,
and accident detection flags.

2. Setup:
 Initialize serial communication for debugging and setting up the
GSM and GPS modules.
 Initialize the GSM module, connect to the network, and set up the
access point name (APN).
 Begin the Blynk connection and set up a timer to periodically
check the GPS status.

3. Main Loop:
 Continuously read data from the GPS module and update the GPS-
related variables.
 Monitor the push button for an emergency trigger. If the button is
pressed, send an emergency alert message containing the current
location via SMS and make a phone call to the specified
emergency number.
 Run the Blynk library to handle communication with the Blynk
server.
 Read accelerometer data from the MPU-6050 sensor and calculate
the amplitude vector.

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 Implement a multi-level trigger mechanism to detect accidents:

- If the amplitude vector falls below a certain threshold, set the
first trigger flag.
- If the amplitude vector exceeds a higher threshold after the first
trigger, set the second trigger flag.
- If the orientation change (angle change) exceeds a certain
threshold after the second trigger, set the third trigger flag.
- Once all triggers are activated, mark an accident detection and
send an alert message.
- Update trigger counters to deactivate triggers after a certain
period.
- Delay for a short interval to avoid continuous processing.

4. Supporting Functions:
 Implement functions to read accelerometer data from the MPU-
6050 sensor.
 Implement a function to display GPS data on the serial monitor.
 Implement a Blynk callback function to send location information
when triggered from the Blynk app.

5. Emergency Alert Handling:

 When the push button is pressed, the system sends an emergency
alert message containing the current location via SMS and makes
a phone call to the specified emergency number.
 The emergency alert message includes a Google Maps link for
easy navigation to the location.

6. GPS Monitoring:
 Continuously monitors the GPS module for valid location data.
 Updates the Blynk virtual pins with the current latitude, longitude,
speed, and a Google Maps link.

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7. Blynk Integration:
 Implements Blynk integration to allow remote monitoring and
control of the system via the Blynk app.
 Defines a Blynk callback function to send the current location
when triggered from the Blynk app.

This algorithm outlines how the provided code operates to detect

accidents, track locations, and send alerts using the TTGO T-Call
ESP32 with SIM800L.

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Capstone Project – Execution and Report Writing (CPE) - 22060

FLOWCHART

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Capstone Project – Execution and Report Writing (CPE) - 22060

PROGRAM (CODE)
// Define Blynk template and authentication details
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL3A3kwGyn9"
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "Accident Location"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "RXAF4YIxlk197SFtATMCjbeVA0lkY80e"

// Include necessary libraries

#include <Wire.h>
#include <TinyGPS++.h>
#include <AceButton.h>

// Define Blynk settings

#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial
#define BLYNK_HEARTBEAT 30
#define TINY_GSM_MODEM_SIM800

// Include necessary libraries

#include <TinyGsmClient.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleTinyGSM.h>

// Include custom utilities if needed

#include "utilities.h"

// Define TTGO T-Call pin definitions

#define MODEM_RST 5
#define MODEM_PWKEY 4
#define MODEM_POWER_ON 23
#define MODEM_TX 27
#define MODEM_RX 26
#define I2C_SDA 21
#define I2C_SCL 22

using namespace ace_button;

// Define pin numbers for SMS and Call buttons

#define SMS_Button 34
#define Call_Button 35

// Initialize strings for message and mobile number

String message = "It's an Emergency.";
String mobile_number = "+919405214864";
String message_with_data;

// Variables for storing GPS Data

float latitude;
float longitude;
float speed;

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float satellites;
String direction;

// Switch
ButtonConfig config1;
AceButton call_button(&config1);
ButtonConfig config2;
AceButton sms_button(&config2);

// Function prototypes for handling button events

void handleEvent_call(AceButton*, uint8_t, uint8_t);
void handleEvent_sms(AceButton*, uint8_t, uint8_t);

// Set serial for GPS Module

#define SerialMon Serial

// Hardware Serial for builtin GSM Module

#define SerialAT Serial1

// Define APN and authentication details for GSM

const char apn[] = "airtelgprs.com";
const char user[] = "";
const char pass[] = "";
const char auth[] = "RXAF4YIxlk197SFtATMCjbeVA0lkY80e";

// Define MPU6050 sensor address

const int MPU_addr = 0x68;

// Variables for MPU6050 sensor readings

int16_t AcX, AcY, AcZ, Tmp, GyX, GyY, GyZ;
float ax = 0, ay = 0, az = 0, gx = 0, gy = 0, gz = 0;
boolean accident = false; //stores if a accident has occurred
boolean trigger1 = false; //stores if first trigger (lower threshold) has
occurred
boolean trigger2 = false; //stores if second trigger (upper threshold) has
occurred
boolean trigger3 = false; //stores if third trigger (orientation change) has
occurred
byte trigger1count = 0; //stores the counts past since trigger 1 was set true
byte trigger2count = 0; //stores the counts past since trigger 2 was set true
byte trigger3count = 0; //stores the counts past since trigger 3 was set true
int angleChange = 0;

// Initialize GPS, modem, Blynk timer, and map widget

TinyGPSPlus gps;
TinyGsm modem(SerialAT);
BlynkTimer timer;
WidgetMap myMap(V0);

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// Initialize move index

unsigned int move_index = 1;

// Setup function
void setup() {
// Initialize I2C and serial communication
Wire.begin();
Serial.begin(9600);
delay(1500);

// Set pin modes for TTGO T-Call

pinMode(MODEM_PWKEY, OUTPUT);
pinMode(MODEM_RST, OUTPUT);
pinMode(MODEM_POWER_ON, OUTPUT);
pinMode(SMS_Button, INPUT);
pinMode(Call_Button, INPUT);

// Set initial states for TTGO T-Call pins

digitalWrite(MODEM_PWKEY, LOW);
digitalWrite(MODEM_RST, HIGH);
digitalWrite(MODEM_POWER_ON, HIGH);
// Initialize serial communication for GSM module
SerialAT.begin(115200, SERIAL_8N1, MODEM_RX, MODEM_TX);
delay(3000);

// Restart modem and get modem information

Serial.println("Initializing modem...");
modem.restart();

String modemInfo = modem.getModemInfo();

Serial.print("Modem: ");
Serial.println(modemInfo);

// Wait for network connection

Serial.print("Waiting for network...");
if (!modem.waitForNetwork(240000L)) {
Serial.println(" fail");
delay(10000);
return;
}
Serial.println(" OK");
// Check if network is connected
if (modem.isNetworkConnected()) {
Serial.println("Network connected");
}
// Connect to APN

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Serial.print(F("Connecting to APN: "));

Serial.print(apn);
if (!modem.gprsConnect(apn, user, pass)) {
Serial.println(" fail");
delay(10000);
return;
}
Serial.println(" OK");

// Initialize Blynk with authentication token and GSM modem

Blynk.begin(auth, modem, apn, user, pass);

// Set interval for checking GPS data

timer.setInterval(5000L, checkGPS);

// Setup button event handlers

config1.setEventHandler(handleEvent_call);
config2.setEventHandler(handleEvent_sms);
call_button.init(Call_Button);
sms_button.init(SMS_Button);

// Setup button event handlers

Wire.beginTransmission(MPU_addr);
Wire.write(0x6B);
Wire.write(0);
Wire.endTransmission(true);
}

void loop() {
while (Serial.available() > 0) {
if (gps.encode(Serial.read())) displayInfo();
}

Blynk.run();
timer.run();
sms_button.check();
call_button.check();
mpu_read();
ax = (AcX - 2050) / 16384.00;
ay = (AcY - 77) / 16384.00;
az = (AcZ - 1947) / 16384.00;
gx = (GyX + 270) / 131.07;
gy = (GyY - 351) / 131.07;
gz = (GyZ + 136) / 131.07;

float Raw_Amp = pow(pow(ax, 2) + pow(ay, 2) + pow(az, 2), 0.5);

int Amp = Raw_Amp * 10;

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Serial.println(Amp);

if (Amp <= 2 && !trigger2) {

trigger1 = true;
Serial.println("Level 1 Trigger");
}

if (trigger1) {
trigger1count++;
if (Amp >= 12) {
trigger2 = true;
Serial.println("Level 2 Trigger");
trigger1 = false;
trigger1count = 0;
}
}

if (trigger2) {
trigger2count++;
angleChange = pow(pow(gx, 2) + pow(gy, 2) + pow(gz, 2), 0.5);
Serial.println(angleChange);
if (angleChange >= 30 && angleChange <= 400) {
trigger3 = true;
trigger2 = false;
trigger2count = 0;
Serial.println("Level 3 Trigger");
}
}

if (trigger3) {
trigger3count++;
if (trigger3count >= 10) {
angleChange = pow(pow(gx, 2) + pow(gy, 2) + pow(gz, 2), 0.5);
Serial.println(angleChange);
if (angleChange >= 0 && angleChange <= 10) {
Serial.println("Accident Detected");
trigger3 = false;
trigger3count = 0;
message_with_data = message + "Latitude = " + String(latitude, 6) + "
Longitude = " + String(longitude, 6) + " Link:
https://maps.google.com/maps?&z=15&mrt=yp&t=k&q=" + String(latitude, 6) + ","
+ String(longitude, 6);
modem.sendSMS(mobile_number, message_with_data);
message_with_data = "";
modem.callNumber(mobile_number);
delay(2000);
} else {
trigger3 = false;

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trigger3count = 0;
Serial.println("Trigger 3 Deactivated");
}
}
}

delay(100);
}

void mpu_read() {
Wire.beginTransmission(MPU_addr);
Wire.write(0x3B);
Wire.endTransmission(false);
Wire.requestFrom(MPU_addr, 14, true);
AcX = Wire.read() << 8 | Wire.read();
AcY = Wire.read() << 8 | Wire.read();
AcZ = Wire.read() << 8 | Wire.read();
Tmp = Wire.read() << 8 | Wire.read();
GyX = Wire.read() << 8 | Wire.read();
GyY = Wire.read() << 8 | Wire.read();
GyZ = Wire.read() << 8 | Wire.read();
}

void checkGPS() {
if (gps.charsProcessed() < 10) {
Blynk.virtualWrite(V4, "GPS ERROR");
}
}

void displayInfo() {
if (gps.location.isValid()) {
latitude = gps.location.lat();
longitude = gps.location.lng();
Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, String(latitude, 6));
Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, String(longitude, 6));
myMap.location(move_index, latitude, longitude, "GPS_Location");
speed = gps.speed.kmph();
Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, speed);
direction = TinyGPSPlus::cardinal(gps.course.value());
Blynk.virtualWrite(V4, direction);
satellites = gps.satellites.value();
Blynk.virtualWrite(V5, satellites);
}
}

void handleEvent_sms(AceButton* /* button */, uint8_t eventType, uint8_t /*

buttonState */) {
switch (eventType) {

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case AceButton::kEventPressed:
message_with_data = message + "Latitude = " + String(latitude, 6) + "
Longitude = " + String(longitude, 6) + " Link:
https://maps.google.com/maps?&z=15&mrt=yp&t=k&q=" + String(latitude, 6) + ","
+ String(longitude, 6);
modem.sendSMS(mobile_number, message_with_data);
message_with_data = "";
break;
case AceButton::kEventReleased:
break;
}
}

void handleEvent_call(AceButton* /* button */, uint8_t eventType, uint8_t /*

buttonState */) {
switch (eventType) {
case AceButton::kEventPressed:
modem.callNumber(mobile_number);
break;
case AceButton::kEventReleased:
break;
}
}

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RESULT
1. Improved Emergency Response Times: By automatically
detecting accidents and immediately alerting emergency services,
response times can be significantly reduced, potentially saving lives
and minimizing injuries.
2. Precise Location Identification: GPS technology enables accurate
tracking of the accident location, allowing emergency responders to
reach the scene quickly, even in remote or unfamiliar areas.
3. Enhanced Safety for Individuals: Individuals using such systems
gain peace of mind knowing that help can be summoned swiftly in
the event of an accident, especially useful for those who live alone
or engage in high-risk activities.
4. Reduced Severity of Injuries: Rapid response to accidents can lead
to faster medical intervention, potentially reducing the severity of
injuries and improving outcomes for those involved.
5. Data for Accident Analysis: The system can collect data on the
frequency, severity, and locations of accidents, enabling authorities
and organizations to analyze trends, identify high-risk areas, and
implement targeted interventions to improve safety.
6. Integration with Existing Infrastructure: These systems can often
integrate with existing emergency response infrastructure, such as
dispatch centers and medical facilities, streamlining communication
and coordination efforts.
7. Customizable Alerts and Notifications: Users can often customize
alert settings to notify designated contacts or emergency services
according to their preferences and needs.
Overall, an Accident Alert and Location Tracking System can
significantly improve emergency response efficiency, enhance safety
outcomes, and provide valuable data for proactive safety measures and
accident prevention initiatives.

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ACTUAL HARDWARE

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ACTUAL OUTPUT
Blynk IoT App & Blynk Cloud:
Mobile Dashboard:

Desktop Dashboard:

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SMS & Emergency Phone Call:

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FEATURES
1. Accident Detection: Utilize onboard sensors such as accelerometers
or gyroscopes to detect sudden changes in motion or orientation
indicative of an accident.
2. GPS Location Tracking: Integrate GPS functionality to accurately
track the location of the device. This enables emergency responders
to pinpoint the exact location of the accident.
3. Emergency Alerting: Automatically send alerts to predefined
contacts or emergency services via SMS, phone call, or data
transmission when an accident is detected.
4. Remote Monitoring: Allow authorized users to remotely monitor
the device's location and status through a web interface or mobile
application.
5. Battery Backup: Include a battery backup system to ensure the
device remains operational even if the main power source is
unavailable during an accident.
6. Offline Data Storage: Store relevant accident data locally on the
device, including timestamps, GPS coordinates, and sensor
readings, for later analysis and reporting.
7. Geofencing: Implement geofencing capabilities to define virtual
boundaries, triggering alerts when the device enters or exits
predefined areas.
8. Low Power Consumption: Optimize power management to
prolong battery life and ensure the device remains operational for
extended periods, especially in remote or off-grid locations.
By incorporating these features, an Accident Alert and Location
Tracking System based on TTGO T-Call ESP32 with SIM800L module
can provide comprehensive support for accident detection, emergency
response, and location tracking in various scenarios.

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FUTURE SCOPE
1. Advanced Sensor Integration: Future systems could incorporate
more sophisticated sensors, such as lidar, radar, or advanced imaging
sensors, to enhance accident detection accuracy and reliability.
These sensors could provide a more comprehensive understanding
of the surrounding environment and potential hazards.
2. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Integration of AI
and machine learning algorithms could enable systems to analyze
vast amounts of data in real-time, improving accident detection
capabilities and reducing false alarms. AI could also be used to
predict accident-prone areas based on historical data and
environmental factors.
3. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication: Future systems may
leverage vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication
technologies to exchange data with roadside infrastructure and other
vehicles. This could enable more proactive accident prevention
measures, such as warning drivers of hazardous road conditions or
potential collisions.
4. Autonomous Emergency Response: With the advancement of
autonomous vehicle technology, future systems could incorporate
autonomous emergency response capabilities. Self-driving vehicles
equipped with accident detection and response systems could
automatically provide assistance to accident victims or alert
emergency services without human intervention.
5. Integration with Smart Cities: Integration of Accident Alert and
Location Tracking Systems with smart city initiatives could provide
valuable data for urban planning and infrastructure development. By
analyzing accident data in conjunction with other urban metrics,
cities can identify areas for improvement and implement targeted
interventions to enhance safety.

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6. Global Connectivity: Advancements in satellite communication

and global positioning systems could enable Accident Alert and
Location Tracking Systems to provide coverage in remote or
underdeveloped areas where traditional communication
infrastructure is lacking.
7. Integration with Health Systems: Future systems could integrate
with healthcare systems to provide seamless transfer of medical data
and enable faster and more efficient medical response to accidents.
This integration could facilitate the dispatch of specialized medical
assistance based on the nature of injuries detected.
8. Environmental Monitoring: In addition to accident detection,
future systems could monitor environmental conditions such as air
quality, temperature, and humidity. This information could be used
to assess the impact of accidents on the surrounding environment
and facilitate more effective emergency response strategies.
Overall, the future scope for Accident Alert and Location Tracking
Systems is vast, with opportunities for innovation and collaboration
across various domains to enhance safety, efficiency, and effectiveness
in accident response and prevention.

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APPLICATIONS
1. Automotive Industry: In vehicles, these systems can automatically
detect accidents through onboard sensors and quickly alert
emergency services while providing precise location coordinates.
They can also be integrated with vehicle telematics systems for fleet
management, enabling companies to monitor driver safety and
respond swiftly to accidents involving their vehicles.
2. Personal Safety: Wearable devices equipped with accident alert and
location tracking capabilities are valuable for individuals engaged in
outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, or skiing. These devices
can detect falls or accidents and notify emergency contacts or rescue
services with the user's exact location.
3. Elderly Care: For elderly individuals living alone or in assisted
living facilities, these systems provide a sense of security by
automatically detecting falls or medical emergencies and alerting
caregivers or medical personnel for assistance.
4. Industrial Safety: In industrial settings, where workers are exposed
to hazardous environments or heavy machinery, accident alert and
location tracking systems can detect accidents in real-time and
facilitate rapid response from onsite medical teams or emergency
services.
5. Smart Cities: Integrating these systems into smart city
infrastructure enhances public safety by enabling authorities to
monitor and respond to accidents on roads, bridges, or other public
spaces more effectively. They can also provide valuable data for
urban planning and traffic management.
6. Healthcare Facilities: Accident alert and location tracking systems
can be deployed in hospitals and healthcare facilities to improve
response times to medical emergencies within the premises. Staff
can be quickly alerted to accidents or medical crises, ensuring timely
intervention and patient care.

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7. Remote Monitoring and Telemedicine: In remote or rural areas

with limited access to healthcare facilities, these systems can be used
for remote patient monitoring and telemedicine. They enable
healthcare providers to respond to accidents or medical emergencies
in remote locations and provide guidance or assistance until help
arrives.

8. Construction Sites and Workplaces: Accident alert and location

tracking systems are crucial for ensuring worker safety on
construction sites and in hazardous workplaces. They can detect
accidents such as falls, collisions, or equipment malfunctions and
trigger immediate responses to mitigate injuries and ensure the well-
being of workers.
9. Sports and Adventure Activities: Athletes and adventure
enthusiasts can benefit from wearable accident alert and location
tracking devices during training sessions or outdoor activities. These
devices can detect injuries or accidents and summon assistance,
particularly in remote or challenging terrain.
10. Military and Defense: In military operations, accident alert and
location tracking systems are vital for soldier safety and casualty
evacuation. They can detect injuries or accidents in battlefield
environments and facilitate timely medical evacuation or rescue
operations.

Overall, the application of Accident Alert and Location Tracking

Systems is wide-ranging, encompassing diverse industries and
scenarios where safety, rapid response, and precise location tracking
are paramount.

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CONCLUSION
The Accident Alert and Location Tracking system offers a
comprehensive solution for enhancing safety on the roads. By
leveraging advanced technologies such as GPS, sensors, and
communication systems, it provides real-time monitoring and
immediate response capabilities in the event of an accident.

In conclusion, this system not only helps in reducing response time and
saving lives but also facilitates efficient emergency services
deployment. Its integration with mobile applications and centralized
control centers ensures seamless coordination between various
stakeholders, including emergency responders and authorities. Overall,
the Accident Alert and Location Tracking system represents a
significant step towards creating safer road environments and
minimizing the impact of accidents on individuals and communities.

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REFRENCE
 https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-sim800l-publish-data-to-
cloud/
 https://i0.wp.com/grobotronics.com/images/companies/1/LILYGO-
TTGO-T-Call-V1-3-ESP32-Wireless-Module-SIM-Antenna-SIM-
Card-SIM800L-Module.jpg?w=800&ssl=1
 https://i0.wp.com/ae01.alicdn.com/kf/H336e11b62beb433185f1ac3
35d8233eaE.png?w=1200
 https://opencircuit.shop/product/lilygo-ttgo-t-call-pmu-esp32-
wireless-sim
 https://www.electronicwings.com/sensors-modules/mpu6050-
gyroscope-accelerometer-temperature-sensor-module
 https://lastminuteengineers.com/neo6m-gps-arduino-tutorial/
 https://www.addicore.com/products/tp4056-tc4056a-lithium-
battery-charger-and-protection-module
 https://www.arduino.cc/en/software
 https://blynk.cloud
 https://github.com/
 https://chat.openai.com/
 https://gemini.google.com
 https://www.canva.com/
 https://www.youtube.com/
 https://youtu.be/Rw-jMswLUmA?si=_Jod5v1Rl1yy_9ul
 https://www.viralsciencecreativity.com/post/accident-alert-
location-tracking-system
 https://www.ijert.org/accident-alert-and-vehicle-tracking-system
 http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5742/1/E-92.pdf

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DATASHEET OF MAJOR
COMPONENTS
TTGO T-Call V1.4 ESP32 SIM800L Module

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NEO-6M GPS Module

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MPU-6050 Accelerometer & Gyro Sensor

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LIST OF COMPONENTS WITH PRICE

Sr. Component Specification Unit Quantity Cost
No. Price

1. TTGO T-Call V1.4 Integrated ESP32 and 2000 1 2000

ESP32 SIM800L SIM800L for
Module communication.

2. NEO-6M GPS Highly accurate GPS 600 1 600

Module positioning module.
3. MPU-6050 Dual-function 300 1 300
Accelerometer & accelerometer and gyro
Gyro Sensor sensor.

4. Charging Boost Module for Efficient 100 1 100

Setup-Module Battery Charging"
TP4056

5. Push Buttons Normally open (contact 20 2 40

type)
6. Female USB Socket "Female USB Socket: 60 1 60
Power and Connectivity
Hub"

7. 18650 Battery Rechargeable & High- 150 1 150

capacity Power Source

8. PCB "PCB: Circuit Board for 70 1 70

Electronics Assembly"

9. Resistor 10k ohm 5 2 10

10. Battery Holder - 100 1 100
11. Power Cable - 100 1 100
12. Female Berg Strip 40 pins 50 3 150
TOTAL - - - 3680

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ACTION PLAN
Sr. Month Week Work Done Remark
No.
02/01/2024
1 January to Procuring components
09/01/2024
January 10/01/2024 Component testing using EDE
2 to tool
17/01/2024
January 18/01/2024
Development of Code and
3 to
code compile, debug
24/01/2024
January 25/01/2023 Testing and troubleshooting
4 to with the help of EDE tool
31/01/2023
01/02/2023
Finalize the circuit and code
5 February to
for the project
08/02/2023
February 09/02/2023
6 to Finalize the Program
15/02/2023
February 16/02/2023
7 to Assembly the circuit
22/02/2023
February 23/02/2024 On board testing,
8 to troubleshooting the circuit
29/02/2024
04/03/2023
On board debugging the
9 March to
program
13/03/2023
14/03/2023
10 March to Cabinet Making
21/03/2023
March 22/03/2023
11 & to Documentation
April 02/04/2023
05/04/2023
12 April to Internal Final Demonstration
09/04/2023

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