DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

S.S.M. ADSUL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE,

CHAS, AHMEDNAGAR-414 005(M.S)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the micro project report entitled

Submitted by

NAME OF STUDENT ENROLLEMENT NO PROGRAM

Ghungarde Rutuja Shivaji 2214640024 CO3I
Jadhav Payal Bhausaheb 2214640038 CO3I
Karle Nita Satish 2214640041 CO3I
Shaikh Simran Nasir 2214640035 0 CO3I

Of semester III institute, Sau. Sundarabai Manik Adsul Polytechnic, Chas,

Ahmednagar (code: 1464) has completed the micro project satisfactorily in course
(22320) for the Academic year 2023-24 as prescribed in the MSBTE curriculum.

Place: Ahmednagar
Date: / /2023-24

Prof.Palande.S.C Prof.Hole.P.P Prof.Gadakh.R.S

(Micro Project guide) (Head of Dept.) (Principal)
 A MICRO PROJT REPORT
ON

Build A Circuit For LED Flasher

Program & Program Code : CO3I

Course Name : DTE

Course code : 22320

Submitted by

NAME OF STUDENT ENROLLEMENT NO PROGRAM

Ghungarde Rutuja Shivaji 2214640024 CO3I
Jadhav Payal Bhausaheb 2214640038 CO3I
Karle Nita Satish 2214640041 CO3I
Shaikh Simran Nasir 2214640035 CO3I

Under the Guidance of

Prof.Palande.S.C

In partial fulfillment of requirement for the

award of Diploma in Computer Engineering

MSBTE, Mumbai.

Academic Year: 2023-24

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

S.S.M. ADSUL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
CHAS,AHMEDNAGAR-414005(M.S)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to acknowledge the constant encouragement and

continuous help given to me by my guide Prof Palande S.C. convey my sincere thanks
to his valuable timely suggestion.

I would also like to thanks principal Prof Gadakh R.S. and Head of Computer
Department Prof Hole P.P I would also like to thank teaching staff of Computer
Department for helping us to achieve this goal.

I am also thankful to those who directly or indirectly helped me for completing this
micro project. I would like to thank my parents without whose supports; the completion
of the micro project would not have been possible.

Ghungarde Rutuja Shivaji

Jadhav Payal Bhausaheb
Karle Nita Satish
Shaikh Simran Nasir
 INDEX

Sr.no Name of Topic

Part Plan -A
1.0 Aim/Benefits of Micro project 2
2.0 Course Outcomes 2
3.0 Proposed Methodology 2
4.0 Action Plan 3
5.0 Resources Required 3
Part Plan -B
1.0 Brief Introduction /Rational 4
2.0 Skill Development /Learing Outcome of Micro Project 4
3.0 Conclusion of this Micro Project 5
 PART PLAN-A

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the micro project

This circuit can be used for decoration purpose or can be used for a signaling
Purpose and many more.
LED Flasher is a simple circuit which will blink the LEDs in regular time period.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

1: Ability to analyze PN junctions in semiconductor devices under various conditions.
2: Ability to design and analyze simple rectifiers and voltage regulators using diodes.
3: Ability to describe the behavior of special purpose diodes.

3.0Proposed methodology

Annexure –II
PART –A Micro –Project Proposal
Flasher running LED
8.0 Rationale: 555 timer IC is the cheap, popular and precise timing device
used in various applications. It gets the name.
 the three 5KΩ resistors that are used to generate two comparator reference voltages.
This IC isoperated as monostable, bistable or an as table multivibrator to produce a
variety of applications.
9.0 Course Outcomes Addressed :
 It operates from a wide range of power supplies ranging from + 5 Volts to +
18 Volts supply voltage.
 Sinking or sourcing 200 mA of load current.
 The external components should be selected properly so that the timing
intervals can be done in several
minutes along with the frequencies exceeding several hundred kilohertz.
 The output of a 555 timer can drive transistor-transistor logic (TTL) due to
its high current output.

10.0 Literature Review :

 The main operation of this circuit depends on the 555 timer which is set in astable
multivibrator
  mode and decade counter CD4017; the 555 timer will generate low frequency clock
pulse and give input to the decade counter which will make the sequential running of
the LEDs.
 Variable resistor can vary the resistance which will change width of the pulse. If pulse
width is
 changed, the time period of running the LEDs will also get changed. We run the LEDs
in fast or slow.
 Running speed can be altered by variable resistor. The first anode of 10th bicolor LED
is made short to the reset pin of the decode counter for continuous running of lights.
Actual Methodology followed
 Collect all the required components and place the 555 timer IC on the breadboard.
 Connect pin 1 of a 555 timer IC to the ground. You can find the pin structure of a 555
timer IC in the circuit

 The longer lead of a polarized capacitor is the positive and the shorter lead is negative.
Connect pin 2 to thepositive end of a capacitor. Connect the negative lead of the capacitor to
the ground of the battery.
 Now short the pin 2 to pin 6 of the 555 timer IC.
 Connect the output pin 3 with the positive lead of the LED using a 1kΩ resistor. The
negative lead of LEDneeds to be connected with the ground.
 Connect pin 4 to the positive end of the battery.
 Pin 5 does not connect to anything.
 Connect pin 6 to pin 7 using a 470kΩ resistor.
 Connect pin 7 to the positive end of the battery using a 1kΩ resistor.
 Connect pin 8 to the positive end of the battery.
 Finally, connect the battery leads with the breadboard

Action plan

Plan Plan
Sr. Detail of activity start finish Name of responsible
No. date date team members
 1 Searching the topic for micro-project 21-09-23 25-09-23 Rutuja Ghungarde

Collect information from the internet 26-09-23 30-09-23 Payal Jadhav

2 and textbook

Collect information from the DTE 02-10-23 05-10-23 Karle Nita

3 22320 reference book, and Debugged

the errors.

4 Arrange all information in MS word 07-10-23 11-10-23 Shaikh Simran

5 Prepare a report on it using MS word 12-10-23 19-10-23 Rutuja Ghungarde

6 Print micro project 20-10-23 22-10-23 Payal Jadhav

SN Name of
Resources
/Materials
Specifications Qty Remarks
5.0 Resourse used

S. NO Component Value Qty

1. Breadboard – 1

2. Battery 9v 1

3. Connecting Wires – 1

4. IC NE555 Timer 1

5. Capacitor 1uF 1

6. Resistors 1k, 470 ohms 2, 1

7. LED 5mm 1
 PART PLAN-B

1.0 Brief Introduction/Rational

LED flashers are semiconductor integrated circuits used to turn on and off groups of light emitting
diodes either sequentially or according to a programmed pattern. They are found in circuits used as indicators
and controllers, as well as in home-built projects.

LED flashers are typically bought in the form of a complete module that has prongs for plugging into an outlet
and extenders for connecting to the circuit. Some LED flashers can also come as an integrated circuit (IC) unit
or chip which requires a power source in addition to connection to the circuit.

Specifications

LED flashers should be sourced according to these specifications:

Average rating or flash rate -:

The rate at which the flasher makes the LEDs turn on and off, expressed inflashes per minute.

Head capacity -:
The number of LEDs per channel that can be driven. The number of LEDs which the LED flasher can
drive is the product of the head capacity and the number of channels.
Number of channels -:
Total number of channels (outputs). Each channel can power several LEDs.
Number of patterns -:
The number of different patterns that can be produced by the flasher.
Output current or lamp capacity -:
The maximum or range of current load per channel, expressed in Amps (A).
Voltage rating -:
The maximum input voltage for the device
Features
LED flashers can exhibit a number of features which may be important to certain applications.

Reverse polarity protection: -

The flasher has circuitry that protects it from a reverse polarity at the input. Reverse polarity occurs when
positive and negative terminals are reversed due to incorrect wiring or connection.
Silent operation: -
The flasher doesn't make the clicking sound and noises associated with normal operation.
Surge protection: -
The flasher has a surge protector device at its input to prevent electrical surges from destroying the device.
Waterproof :-
The flasher design provides protection from water or liquid contact.

In There are several ways of making an LED Flasher circuit. You can make one using transistors,
microcontrollers, or a 555-timer IC. In this tutorial, I will show you how we can make an LED Flasher
circuit using a 555 Timer IC. This IC creates pulses of current at a specific time interval, and we will use
these pulses to turn the LED on and off, hence it will work as an LED flasher circuit. The time interval of
the pulses can be controlled by changing the value of resistors and capacitors used in the circuit.
555-IC Timmer
Circuit Diagram

The following circuit design explains the design of the blinking LED (Light Emitting Diode) with the
555 timer IC. Here in this configuration, the 555 timer IC has connected in an Astable mode of 555 timer
operation.

 Collect all the required components and place the 555 timer IC on the breadboard.
 Connect pin 1 of a 555 timer IC to the ground. You can find the pin structure of a 555 timer IC in the
circuit diagram shown above.
 The longer lead of a polarized capacitor is the positive and the shorter lead is negative. Connect pin 2
to the positive end of a capacitor. Connect the negative lead of the capacitor to the ground of the
battery.
 Now short the pin 2 to pin 6 of the 555 timer IC.
 Connect the output pin 3 with the positive lead of the LED using a 1kΩ resistor. The negative lead of
LED needs to be connected with the ground.
 Connect pin 4 to the positive end of the battery.
 Pin 5 does not connect to anything.
 Connect pin 6 to pin 7 using a 470kΩ resistor.
 Connect pin 7 to the positive end of the battery using a 1kΩ resistor.
 Connect pin 8 to the positive end of the battery.
 Finally, connect the battery leads with the breadboard to start the power supply in the circuit.
Physical Diagram

Bli
nking LED Physical diagram
555 timer IC is used to create time difference in various applications. The Blinking LED circuit uses a
555 timer in astable mode, which generates a continuous output in the form of a square wave at pin 3.
This waveform will turn LED ON and OFF. The duration of ON/ OFF depends on the time cycle of the
square wave. We can change the speed of blinking by changing the value of capacitance.

Connection

Place the 555 timer IC on the breadboard and connect Pin 8 to VCC and Pin 1 to GND
Use a jumper wire to connect PIN 6 and PIN 2 of IC.
Use a jumper wire to connect PIN 4 and PIN 8 of the IC.
Connect 1uF capacitor between Pin 2 and GND.
Connect 1K resistor between VCC and PIN 7 of IC.
Use a 1K resistor to connect the LED to Pin 3.
Connect a 470-ohm resistor between Pin 7 and Pin 6.

Working Explanation

This 555 timer IC is working inastable mode in this circuit and it

generates a continuous output in the form of a square wave via Pin 3.
The duty cycle of the output is about 50%, which means that the time
duration for LED to remain on or off will be equal. The duty cycle
depends upon the value of resistors R1 and R3 and the electrolytic
capacitor C1. If you want to add more LEDs to this circuit, connect
each LED in parallel with the first LED using proper resistors or you
can connect the output of the IC to the base of the transistor. The
transistor will amplify the current, making it sufficient enough to
drive all the LEDs.

Application

We can create a dancing LED circuit by combining many similar circuits.

This circuit can be used on roads for signaling or advertisement purpose.

2.0 Skill Development

1. How to interface LED with development board.

2. How to use of LED.
3. Project management.

3.0 Conclusion
All in all, LED Flasher Circuit with LDR may be a great project for beginners. and
therefore the circuit is straightforward to construct. And with all basic all components
anyone can make the circuit within the home.
 ANNEXURE II
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year : 2023-24

Name of Faculty: Prof. Palande S.C.

Course: DBMS Course Code: 22320 Semester: 3rd

Title of the Project: BUILD A CIRCUIT FOR LED FLASHER

COs addressed by the Micro Project:

A:Understand the basic concept of LED circuit.

B:Understand the application of LED flasher.

Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the Project:

(a)Practical outcomes:
1. Develop the basic concept of LED flasher.
(b)Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain:
2a. Understand the circuit of LED flasher.
(c)Outcomes in Affective Domain----------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comments/Suggestion about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4 for

Total
Sr. performance in performance in oral/
Student Name out of
No. group activity (D5 presentation (D5
10
Col. 8) Col.9)

1 Ghungarde Rutuja
2 Jadhav Payal
3 Karle Nita
4 Shaikh Simran

(Name & Signature of Faculty)

Prof. Palande S.C.

Connection
1. Place the 555 timer IC on the breadboard and connect Pin 8 to VCC and Pin 1 to GND
2. Use a jumper wire to connect PIN 6 and PIN 2 of IC.
3. Use a jumper wire to connect PIN 4 and PIN 8 of the IC.
4. Connect 1uF capacitor between Pin 2 and GND.
5. Connect 1K resistor between VCC and PIN 7 of IC.
6. Use a 1K resistor to connect the LED to Pin 3.
7. Connect a 470-ohm resistor between Pin 7 and Pin 6.

Working Explanation
This 555 timer IC is working in astable mode in this circuit and it

generates a continuous output in the form of a square wave via Pin

3. The duty cycle of the output is about 50%, which means that the

time duration for LED to remain on or off will be equal. The duty

cycle depends upon the value of resistors R1 and R3 and the

electrolytic capacitor C1. If you want to add more LEDs to this

circuit, connect each LED in parallel with the first LED using

proper resistors or you can connect the output of the IC to the base

of the transistor. The transistor will amplify the current, making it

sufficient enough to drive all the LEDs.

Application
1. We can create a dancing LED circuit by combining many similar circuits.
2. This circuit can be used on roads for signaling or advertisement purpose.
 Sr. Student Name Marks out Marks of 4 for Total out of
NO of 6 for performance in marks
performance oral/presentation 10
in group (D5 col.9)
activity (D5
col.8)
1 Ghungarde Rutuja

2 Jadhav Payal
3 Karle Nita
4 Shaikh Simran

(Name & signature of Faculty)

Prof.Palande S.C.