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Sets and Statistics

The document discusses various statistical concepts and problems, including overlapping sets, mean, median, mode, and standard deviation. It presents multiple scenarios involving interns' sleep patterns, film profitability, students' club memberships, and test scores, with corresponding questions and answer choices. Additionally, it outlines the process for calculating standard deviation and how it is affected by adding or multiplying constants to a data set.

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4 views28 pages

Sets and Statistics

The document discusses various statistical concepts and problems, including overlapping sets, mean, median, mode, and standard deviation. It presents multiple scenarios involving interns' sleep patterns, film profitability, students' club memberships, and test scores, with corresponding questions and answer choices. Additionally, it outlines the process for calculating standard deviation and how it is affected by adding or multiplying constants to a data set.

Uploaded by

asadbekbekmurodov001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Overlapping sets

Matrix
At a certain hospital, 75% of the interns receive fewer than 6 hours of
sleep and report feeling tired during their shifts. At the same time, 70%
of the interns who receive 6 or more hours of sleep report no feelings
of tiredness. If 80% of the interns receive fewer than 6 hours of sleep,
what percent of the interns report no feelings of tiredness during their
shifts?

A. 6
B. 14
C. 19
D. 20
E. 81
Of the films Empty Set Studios released last year, 75% of the comedies were profitable, but 75% of the
60% were comedies and the rest were horror films. horror moves were unprofitable

Step 1 Comedies Horror Films Total Step 2 Comedies Horror Films Total

Profitable Profitable 0.75(0.6x)

Unprofitable Unprofitable 0.75(0.4x)

Total 0.6x 0.4x x Total 0.6x 0.4x x

Since each row and each column must sum up to


If the studio made a total of 40 films...
the Total value, we can fill in the remaining boxes

Step 2 Comedies Horror Films Total Step 4 Comedies Horror Films Total

Profitable 0.75(24) = 18 Profitable 18 4 22

Unprofitable 0.75(16) = 12 Unprofitable 6 12 18

Total 0.6(40) = 24 0.4(40) = 16 x = 40 Total 24 16 40


If none of the students are ambidextrous, what percentage of the 20 students
in Mr. Henderson's class are
left-handed?

(1) Of the 12 girls in the class, 25% are left-handed.


(2) 5 of the boys in the class are right-handed.
Recently Mary gave a birthday party for her daughter at which she served both chocolate
and strawberry ice cream. There were 8 boys who had chocolate ice cream, and nine girls
who had strawberry. Everybody there had some ice cream, but nobody tried both. What
is the maximum possible number of girls who had some
chocolate ice cream?

1. Exactly thirty children attended the party.


2. Fewer than half the children had strawberry ice cream.
Overlapping sets
Venn diagram
Each of the 59 members in a high school class is required to sign up for a
minimum of one and a maximum of three academic clubs. The three clubs to
choose from are the poetry club, the history club, and the writing club. A total
of 22 students sign up for the poetry club, 27 students for the history club, and
28 students for the writing club. If 6 students sign up for exactly two clubs, how
many students sign up for all three clubs?
A. 2
B. 5
C. 6
D. 8
E. 9
In a group of 68 students, each student is registered for at least one of
three classes – History, Math and English. Twenty-five students are
registered for History, twenty-five students are registered for Math, and
thirty-four students are registered for English. If only three students are
registered for all three classes, how many students are registered for
exactly two classes?

A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10
E. 13
What percent of the students at Jefferson High School study French but not
Spanish?

(1) 30% of all students at Jefferson High School study French.


(2) 40% of all students at Jefferson High School do not study Spanish
At least 100 students at a certain high school study Japanese. If 4 percent of the
students who study French also study Japanese, do more students at the school
study French than Japanese?

(1) 16 students at the school study both French and Japanese.


(2) 10 percent of the students at the school who study Japanese also study
French.
Statistics
Key elements
• Mean (average)
• Median
• Mode
• Standard deviation
Mean
• Mean = Sum of the entities/number of the entities
• % Change in Average = % Change in sum
• 1,2,3 – mean = 2
• 1,2,2,3 – mean = 2
Standard Deviation
Step 1: Compute mean for the given set of numbers.
Step 2: Compute Deviation of each term from the mean. Deviation is computed by subtracting
mean from each term. You will have as many deviations as the number of terms in the set.
Step 3: Square the deviations
Step 4: Compute the average of the squared deviations. This is the penultimate step. The result
of this step is called Variance.
Step 5: Square root of Variance is the standard deviation.
Set {1,4,5,6,9}
Mean = (1+4+5+6+9)/5 = 5
Deviations from mean = {-4, -1, 0, 1, 4}
Square the deviations = {16, 1, 0, 1, 16}
Average of the deviations = (16+1+0+1+16)/5 = 6.8
Variance = 6.8
SD = √6.8 = 2.6
SD
Adding a new element to the set
If a constant 'k' is added or subtracted from each term in a set, the standard
deviation does not change.
• Because, the relative difference between the numbers (and in turn the
deviation from the mean) remain unchanged.
• Add 2
• Set {1,4,5,6,9}
• Mean = (1+4+5+6+9)/5 = 5
• Deviations from mean = {-4, -1, 0, 1, 4}
• New Set {3,6,7,8,11}
• New Mean = (3+6+7+8+11)/5 = 7
• New Deviations from mean = {-4, -1, 0, 1, 4} – same
• The rest is same
If a constant 'k' is multiplied to each term in a set, the standard deviation
will become k times the initial SD.
• The relative difference between the numbers becomes k times the initial
one.
• Multiply by 2
• Set {1,4,5,6,9}
• Mean = (1+4+5+6+9)/5 = 5
• Deviations from mean = {-4, -1, 0, 1, 4}
• New Set {2,8,10,12,18}
• New Mean = (2+8+10+12+18)/5 = 10 (which is 2*5)
• New Deviations from mean = {-8, -2, 0, 2, 8} – old one * 2
• Square the deviations = 64, 4, 0, 4, 64
• Variance = 136/5 =27.2 (which is 4*6.8)
• SD = √4*6.8 = 2*√6.8
For each student in a certain class, a teacher adjusted the student’s test score
using the formula y = 0.8x + 20, where x is the student’s original test score and
y is the student’s adjusted test score. If the standard deviation of the original
test scores of the students in the class was 20, what was the standard
deviation of the adjusted test scores of the students in the class?

A. 12
B. 16
C. 28
D. 36
E. 40
A set of 12 test scores has an average of 500 and a standard deviation of 50.
Which of the following sets of additional test scores, when combined with the
original set of 12 test scores, must result in a combined data set with a
standard deviation less than 50?

(A) 6 test scores with average of 450 and standard deviation of 50.
(B) 6 test scores with average of 500 and standard deviation of 25.
(C) 6 test scores with average of 550 and standard deviation of 25.
(D) 12 test scores with average of 450 and standard deviation of 25.
(E) 2 test scores with average of 550 and standard deviation of 50.
A researcher computed the mean, the median, and the standard
deviation for a set of performance scores. If 5 were to be added to each
score, which of these three statistics would change?

(A) The mean only


(B) The median only
(C) The standard deviation only
(D) The mean and the median
(E) The mean and the standard deviation
A scientist recorded the number of eggs in each of 10 birds' nests. What
was the standard deviation of the numbers of eggs in the 10 nests?

(1) The average (arithmetic mean) number of eggs for the 10 nests was 4.
(2) Each of the 10 nests contained the same number of eggs.
Is the standard deviation of the set of measurements x1, x2, x3, x4, ..., x20 less
than 3 ?

(1) The variance for the set of measurements is 4.


(2) For each measurement, the difference between the mean and that
measurement is 2.
Is the standard deviation of the numbers in list R less than the standard
deviation of the numbers in list S ?

(1) The range of the numbers in R is less than the range of the numbers in S.
(2) Each number in R occurs once and each number in S is repeated.
Median

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