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English Skills - Grammar

The document outlines the fundamentals of English grammar, including the definition of grammar, basic sentence structure, and parts of speech such as nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It also covers different types of sentences, articles, determiners, and various tenses in English. This comprehensive guide serves as a resource for understanding the rules and structures that facilitate clear communication in the language.

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mariponts682009
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8 views2 pages

English Skills - Grammar

The document outlines the fundamentals of English grammar, including the definition of grammar, basic sentence structure, and parts of speech such as nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It also covers different types of sentences, articles, determiners, and various tenses in English. This comprehensive guide serves as a resource for understanding the rules and structures that facilitate clear communication in the language.

Uploaded by

mariponts682009
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGLISH SKILLS - GRAMMAR

1234Grammar - is the set of rules that govern how words are used to form sentences in a
language. It defines the structure and organization of words, phrases, and clauses to ensure
clear and meaningful communication.

Basic Sentence Structure:

●​ Subject (S): The person or thing doing the action.


●​ Verb (V): The action or state.
●​ Object (O): The person or thing receiving the action.​
Example: "The cat (S) chased (V) the mouse (O)."

2. Parts of Speech

a. Nouns

●​ Definition: W things, or ideas.


●​ Types:ords that name people, places,
○​ Common: cat, city, book.
○​ Proper: New York, Maria.
○​ Countable: apple(s), car(s).
○​ Uncountable: water, information.
○​ Abstract: happiness, freedom.
○​ Concrete: table, tree.

b. Pronouns

●​ Replace nouns to avoid repetition.


○​ Personal: I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
○​ Possessive: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.
○​ Reflexive: myself, yourself.
○​ Relative: who, whom, which, that.

c. Verbs

●​ Show actions or states of being.


○​ Main Verbs: run, eat, think.
○​ Auxiliary Verbs: is, are, have, do.
○​ Linking Verbs: seem, become.

d. Adjectives

●​ Describe or modify nouns.


○​ Types: descriptive (big), comparative (bigger), superlative (biggest).

e. Adverbs

●​ Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.


○​ Types: time (yesterday), manner (quickly), place (here), frequency (often).

f. Prepositions

●​ Show relationships between nouns and other words.


○​ Examples: in, on, at, with, by, for.

g. Conjunctions

●​ Connect words, phrases, or clauses.


○​ Coordinating: and, but, or.
○​ Subordinating: because, although.
○​ Correlative: either/or, neither/nor.
ENGLISH SKILLS - GRAMMAR

h. Interjections

●​ Express strong emotions.


○​ Examples: Wow! Ouch! Oh no!

3. Sentence Structure

●​ Simple Sentences: Contain one subject and one predicate.


○​ Example: "She sings."
●​ Compound Sentences: Two independent clauses joined by a conjunction.
○​ Example: "She sings, and he plays the guitar."
●​ Complex Sentences: One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
○​ Example: "Although it rained, we went hiking."

4. Articles and Determiners

●​ Definite Article: "The" (used for specific nouns).


○​ Example: "The moon is bright."
●​ Indefinite Articles: "A" and "An" (used for general nouns).
○​ Example: "A cat is on the roof."
●​ Zero Article: No article used for plural or uncountable nouns when speaking generally.
○​ Example: "Dogs are friendly."

5. Tenses

a. Present Tenses

●​ Simple Present: "She walks." (habit or fact)


●​ Present Continuous: "She is walking." (ongoing action)
●​ Present Perfect: "She has walked." (completed action with present relevance)
●​ Present Perfect Continuous: "She has been walking." (action continuing up to now)

b. Past Tenses

●​ Simple Past: "She walked."


●​ Past Continuous: "She was walking."
●​ Past Perfect: "She had walked."
●​ Past Perfect Continuous: "She had been walking."

c. Future Tenses

●​ Simple Future: "She will walk."


●​ Future Continuous: "She will be walking."
●​ Future Perfect: "She will have walked."
●​ Future Perfect Continuous: "She will have been walking."

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