Scribd
Upload
124 views3 pages

Nuremberg Vs Helsinki Comparison

The Nuremberg Code (1947) was established in response to WWII atrocities, focusing on the protection of human subjects, while the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) provides broader ethical principles for medical research. Both documents are not legally binding but have significant influence, with the Nuremberg Code emphasizing absolute informed consent and the Helsinki Declaration allowing for proxy consent and requiring ethical review. Additionally, the Helsinki Declaration specifically addresses the protection of vulnerable groups, which is not detailed in the Nuremberg Code.

Uploaded by

bhaktish29
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
124 views3 pages

Nuremberg Vs Helsinki Comparison

The Nuremberg Code (1947) was established in response to WWII atrocities, focusing on the protection of human subjects, while the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) provides broader ethical principles for medical research. Both documents are not legally binding but have significant influence, with the Nuremberg Code emphasizing absolute informed consent and the Helsinki Declaration allowing for proxy consent and requiring ethical review. Additionally, the Helsinki Declaration specifically addresses the protection of vulnerable groups, which is not detailed in the Nuremberg Code.

Uploaded by

bhaktish29
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Comparison between Nuremberg Code (1947) and Declaration of Helsinki (1964)

1. Origin and Context

| Aspect | Nuremberg Code (1947) | Declaration of Helsinki (1964) |

|--------|---------------------------|------------------------------------|

| Background | Created after WWII, in response to Nazi experiments during the Nuremberg Trials. | Issued by

the WMA for global physicians. |

| Legal Status | Not legally binding, but influential. | Not legally binding, but widely accepted. |

2. Focus and Scope

| Aspect | Nuremberg Code | Helsinki Declaration |

|--------|--------------------|---------------------------|

| Focus | Protection of human subjects. | Broader ethical principles for therapeutic and non-therapeutic

research. |

| Target Audience | General researchers. | Specifically medical doctors. |

3. Informed Consent

| Aspect | Nuremberg Code | Helsinki Declaration |

|--------|--------------------|---------------------------|

| Consent | Absolute and voluntary. | Required, with allowance for proxy consent under ethical oversight. |

4. Risk-Benefit Analysis

| Aspect | Nuremberg Code | Helsinki Declaration |

|--------|--------------------|---------------------------|

| Risk vs Benefit | Avoid all unnecessary risks, justified by benefits. | Must balance risks and benefits with

oversight. |
Comparison between Nuremberg Code (1947) and Declaration of Helsinki (1964)

5. Ethical Review

| Aspect | Nuremberg Code | Helsinki Declaration |

|--------|--------------------|---------------------------|

| Ethical Review | Not mentioned. | Mandatory independent review required. |

6. Scientific Standards

| Aspect | Nuremberg Code | Helsinki Declaration |

|--------|--------------------|---------------------------|

| Scientific Validity | Based on prior studies and reasoning. | Must be scientifically and ethically justified. |

7. Vulnerable Groups

| Aspect | Nuremberg Code | Helsinki Declaration |

|--------|--------------------|---------------------------|

| Protection | Not detailed. | Specifically addressed and protected. |

Summary Table

| Criteria | Nuremberg Code | Helsinki Declaration |

|----------|--------------------|---------------------------|

| Year | 1947 | 1964 |

| Legal Status | Not binding | Not binding |

| Main Focus | Protection from abuse | Ethical principles in research |

| Consent | Absolute | Required, with exceptions |

| Ethical Review | Not mentioned | Mandatory |

| Target | General researchers | Physicians |


Comparison between Nuremberg Code (1947) and Declaration of Helsinki (1964)

| Vulnerable Populations | Not detailed | Clearly protected |

| Influence | Basis of research ethics | Clinical and legal influence |

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy