CSIR NET

Shodh December 2024

Mathematical Sciences
Real Analysis DPP: 6

Convergent Sequences and Important Results

Q1 Consider the sequence {In }n ∈ N with n ≥ 1, an+1 = an + (−1)n 2−n ,

1 1 2a −an
ln = n+1 + … + 2n . This sequence bn = n+1 an
then
(A) is increasing and bounded (A) {an } converges to zero
(B) increases to ∞ and {bn } is a Cauchy sequence
(C) decreases to 0 (B) {an } converges to a non-zero
(D) decreases to a positive number number and {bn } is a Cauchy
sequences
Q2 The sequence {Sn }, where
(C) {an } converges to zero and {bn } is
Sn = 1 + 14 + 17 + … + 3n−2
1
not a convergent sequence
(A) A Cauchy sequence
(D) {an } converges to a non-zero
(B) A convergent sequence
number and {bn } is not a
(C) Cannot converge
convergent sequence
(D) None of these

1 Q7 Which of the following sequence

Q3 The value of lim ∑nk=1 is
n→∞ √ n2 +kn <an > is monotonic:
– –
(A) 2(√2 − 1) (B) 2√2 − 1 (A) <a (−1)n
– – n>=1− n
(C) 2 − √2 (D) 1 (√2 − 1)
2 (B) an+2 = 12 (an + an+1 ),

Q4 The largest term in sequence where a1 < a2

xn = 1000
n
, n = 1, 2, 3, … . and a1 , a2 are given
− −−−−
an+1 = √ a+1 n ∀n, where
n! ab2 +a2
(C)
(A) is x999
(B) is x1001 a > 0, 0 < a1 < b and a1 = a
(C) is x1 (D) None of the above
(D) does not exist
Q8 Define a sequence Sn by
−3
Q5 xn+1 = x , x0
4 n
= 1. The sequence {xn } sn = ∑nk=1 12
√ n +k
(A) diverges
Then the limit of Sn as n tends to
(B) xn is monotonically increasing
infinity
and converges to 0 (A) 0
(C) xn is monotonically decreasing
(B) 1
and converges to 0 (C) is ∞
(D) none of the above
(D) Does not exist
Q6 Let {an } and {bn } be sequences Q9 Let {xn } be a real sequence.
of real numbers defined as If sequence of even terms of {xn }
a1 = 1 and for converges to 1and sequence of odd

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terms converges to − 1. Then the decreasing

sequence {xn } will (B) is bounded and monotonially
(A) Converge to 0 increasing
(B) Converge to 1 (C) is monotonically increasing, but
(C) Converge to − 1 unbounded for 1 < c < d
(D) None of these (D) is monotonically decreasing,
but unbounded for 1 < c < d
Q10 (−1)k
Let Sn = ∑nk=2 k lnk
Then the sequence {Sk } Q15 The limit superior and the limit
(A) converges to a finite number
inferior of the following sequence
n
(B) diverges to ∞
<(−1) (1 + n1 )> are
(A) 1, −1 (B) 2, −1
(C) diverges to − ∞
(C) 2, 1 (D) 1, 1
(D) oscillates

Q11 Consider the interval (−1, 1) and a

sequence {an }∞ n=1 of elements
in it. Then ,
(A) Every limit point of
{an } is in (−1, 1)
(B) Every limit point of
{an } is in [−1, 1]
(C) The limit points of
{an } can only be
in {−1, 0, 1}
(D) The limit points of {an }
can not be in {−1, 0, 1}

Q12 Let xn = 22n (1 − cos ( 21n ))

for all n ∈ N
Then the sequence {xn }
(A) Does not converge
(B) converges to0
(C) converges to 12
(D) converges to 14

Q13 Let p(x) be a polynomial in the real

variable x of degree 5. Then
p(n)
lim is
n→∞ 2
n

(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) infinity

Q14 If 0 < c < d, then the sequence

an = (cn + d n )1/n is
(A) is bounded and monotonically

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Answer Key
Q1 (A) Q9 (D)

Q2 (C) Q10 (A)

Q3 (A) Q11 (B)

Q4 (A) Q12 (C)

Q5 (D) Q13 (A)

Q6 (B) Q14 (A)

Q7 (C) Q15 (A)

Q8 (B)

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Hints & Solutions

Q1 Text Solution: Q6 Text Solution:
1 1
1n = + …… +
n+1 2n
a1 = 1
1n+1 − 1n = n+11
+ …… + 1
2n+1
+ an+1 = an + (−1)n 2−n
1 1
− n+1 + … . + 2n1 a2 = 1 − 12
2n+2
1
= 2(n+1) 1
+ (2n+1) >0 a3 = 1 − 12 + 12
2
thus 1n increasing Which is a geometric
1
1n = n+1 + … … + 2n 1
< n
=1 progression with
n
n
1n < n = 1 common ratio ( −1
2
)
Thus In is bounded. 1 2
lim an = = 3
x→∞ 1−(− 1 )
Hence,Option (A) is correct. 2

∵ an converges to non
Q2 Text Solution:
1 1 1 zero number
S2n − Sn = 3n+1 + 3n+4 + L + 6n−2
1 1 1
⇒ bn convergent ⇒ Cauchy
≥ 3n+3n + 3n+3n + L + 3n+3n Hence,Option (B) is correct.
n
= 6n = 16
Q7 Text Solution:
|S2n − Sn | ≥ 16 not Cauchy sequence. (−1)n
(A)an =1− n
Hence,Option (C) is correct.
a1 = 1 + 11 = 2
Q3 Text Solution:
1
a2 = 1 − 12 = 12
lim ∑nk=1 = lim n1 ∑nk=1 1
n→∞ √ n2 +kn n→∞ √ 1+ kn a3 = 1 + 13 = 43
1 Which is not monotonic
[ 1/2 ] = 2(√2 − 1)
1 (1+x)1/2 –
= ∫0 1 dx = (B) an+2 = 12 (an + an+1 )
√1+x
0
. given a1 and a2
Hence,Option (A) is correct. a1 < a3 < a2 with a1 < a2
Q4 Text Solution: <a2n > = a2 > a4 > a6 > … . > a1
Since xn = 1000n
; n = 1, 2, 3 … (bounded below by a1 )
n!
xn+1 <a2n−1 > = a1 < a3 < a5 < … < a2
= 1000
n+1 n!
Therefore ⋅
xn (n+1)! 1000n (bounded above by a2 )
1000
⇒ xn+1 = n+1 n
x Which is not monotonic
It follows that {xn }1≤n≤999 is increasing (C)a < b given ⇒ a1 < b
and {xn }n≥999 is decreasing Also,
1000999 10001000 ab2 +a2n
Also, x999 = =
999!
= x1000
1000! a2n+1 − b2 = − b2
a+1
Hence we conclude that x999 = x1000 is a2 −b
= a+1
n
<0
2

largest term.
whenever a2n − b2 < 0
Hence,Option (A) is correct.
a2n+1 < b2 whenever a2n < b2
Q5 Text Solution: an+1 < b whenever an < b
2 4
<x2n > = <1, ( 34 ) , ( 34 ) , …> → 0 by mathematical induction,
3 we have an < b ∀n
<x2n−1 > = <− ( 34 ), −( 34 ) , …> → 0
⇒ {xn } → 0 and not monotonic ∴ <an > is bounded above.
ab2 +a2n
Hence,Option (D) is correct. a2n+1 − a2n = a+1
− a2n

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a(b2 −a2n ) Q11 Text Solution:
= a+1 > 0
Consider αn = a∀n for a ∈ (−1, 1)
a2n+1 > a2n ⇒ an+1 > an ∀n
∴ lim αn = a
∵ <an > is monotonically n→∞
1
increasing. the required Further. αn = −1 + n
<an > in monotonically And αn = 1 − n1
increasing and bounded ∴ lim αn = −1
n→∞
above . it is convergent Set of limit points of
lim an = 1 αn = [−1, 1]
n→∞
ab2 +a2 Hence,Option (B) is correct.
a2n+1= a+1 n
When n → ∞; an → 1 Q12 Text Solution:
and also an+1 → 1 xn = 22n (1 − cos ( 21n ))∀n ∈ N
2 2
+1
12 = aba+1 = lim 22n (1 − (1 − 1
+ 1
). . . )
22n ⌊2 24n ⌊4
a12 + 12 = ab2 + 12
⇒ 12 = b2 ⇒ 1 = ±b = lim 22n (1 − 1 + 1
− 1
+. . )
22n ⌊2 24n ⌊4
∵ an > 0∀⇒ 1 = b
Hence,Option (C) is correct. = lim 22n ( 1
− 1
+. . . )
22n ⌊2 24n ⌊4
Q8 Text Solution:
1 = lim ( 12 − 1
+. . . )
Sn = ∑nk=1 ¯
22n 4
¯
√ n2 +k 1
1 1
Then sequence converges to
+ … 12 ≤ 2
√ n2 +n √ n2 +n √ n +n Hence,Option (C) is correct.
1 1
+ + … 12
√ n2 +1 √ n2 +2 √ n +n Q13 Text Solution:
1 1
≤ + + … 12 Let p(x) = ak xk + ak−1 xk−1 + … … + a0
√ n2 +1 √ n2 +1 √ n +1
ak xk +ak−1 xk−i +……+a0
n
≤ Sn ≤ n lim 2x
√ n2 +n √ n2 +1 x→∞
k k−1
By sandwich theorem as , = lim ak x2x + ak−1 x2x + … … + a20x
x→∞
n → ∞, lim Sn = 1 As for large x, x < 2k x
n→∞
p(n)
Hence,Option (B) is correct. Thus lim =0
n→∞ 2
n

Q9 Text Solution: Hence,Option (A) is correct.

If complementary subsequences
Q14 Text Solution:
converges to different limit then
0 < c < d then the sequence
sequence never converges.
an = (cn + d n )1/n
Hence,Option (D) is correct.
n 1/n
an = d(1 + ( dc ) )
Q10 Text Solution:
1 a Given c < d, then ( dc ) < 1,
an = n log n
, an+1 n
n log n
n
So lim ( dc ) → 0
= (n+1)(log n+1)
< 1 n→∞
⇒ lim an = d
⇒ monotonically decreasing
So the sequence is bounded
Also an → 0
Now for increasing and
Hence, by Leibnitz test,
decreasing,
Sn is convergent
Let c = 1, d = 2
Hence,Option (A) is correct.
a1 = (c + d) = (1 + 2) = 3

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1/2
= (1 + 4)
1/2
a2 = (c2 + d 2 )
= (5)1/2
a1 > a2
1/3
= (9)
1/3
a3 = (13 + 23 )
a2 > a3 ⇒ a1 > a2 > a3
⇒ sequence is monotonically
decreasing
Hence,Option (A) is correct.

Q15 Text Solution:

n
an = (−1) (1 + n1 )
∵ Sequence <an > is bounded
between − 2 to 1. 5
Limit points are {1, −1}
Limit superior = 1
Limit inferior = −1
Hence,Option (A) is correct.

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