2b9562773529a5b590e9effac8993397c10c42a7.

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{{<P=21><C=02><S=core><T=LQ><M=13><L=2><X=H><id=001>}}
2123001
« A car is travelling with a uniform velocity of 24 m s1 initially. The driver sees an
obstacle 80 m ahead and applies the brakes to stop the car. The figure below
shows the velocitytime graph of the car, starting from the moment when the
driver sees the obstacle until the car stops.
velocity / m s1
30

20

10

time / s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

(a) Write down the reaction time of the driver. (1 mark)

(b) (i) Find the thinking distance. (2 marks)
(ii) Find the braking distance. (1 mark)
(iii) Will the car hit the obstacle? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
(c) Find the deceleration of the car after the brakes are applied. (2 marks)
(d) If the car is travelling at 25 m s1 initially, Will it hit the obstacle? Assume
that the reaction time of the driver and the deceleration of the car remain
unchanged. (5 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a) 1.2 s 1A
(b) (i) Thinking distance = area under graph from 0 to 1.2 s 1M
= 1.2  24
= 28.8 m 1A
(ii) Braking distance = area under the graph from 1.2 s to 5.4 s
1 1A
=  (5.4  1.2)  24
2
= 50.4 m
2b9562773529a5b590e9effac8993397c10c42a7.doc

(iii) Stopping distance = 28.8 + 50.4 = 79.2 m 1A

Since the stopping distance of the car is less than 80 m, the
car will not hit the obstacle. 1A
v u 1M
(c) By a = ,
t

0  24 1A
a= = 5.71 m s2
5 .4  1 . 2
 The deceleration of the car is 5.71 m s2.
(d) Thinking distance = vt = 25  1.2 = 30 m 1M
By v2 = u2 + 2as, 1M
0 = 252 + 2  (5.71)  s
s = 54.7 m 1M
Stopping distance = 30 + 54.7 = 84.7 m > 80 m 1M
 The car will hit the obstacle. 1A
-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=02><S=core><T=LQ><M=11><L=2><X=H><id=002>}}
2123002
« The graph below shows how the velocity of a ball changes after it is thrown
vertically upwards from the ground (taking upwards as positive).

velocity / m s1

A
6

B
0 time / s
0.5 1 1.5

2

4

C
6

(a) Describe the motion of the ball

2b9562773529a5b590e9effac8993397c10c42a7.doc

(i) during AB, (2 marks)

(ii) at B, (1 mark)
(iii) during BC. (2 marks)
(b) (i) Find the slope of the graph. (2 marks)
(ii) What is the physical meaning of the slope of the graph? (1 marks)
(c) What is the maximum height reached by the ball? (2 marks)
(d) What is the total displacement of the ball at C? (1 mark)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a) (i) The ball is moving upwards 1A
with uniform deceleration. 1A
(ii) The ball is momentarily at rest. 1A
(iii) The ball is moving downwards 1A
with uniform acceleration. 1A
0 6 1M
(b) (i) Slope =
0 .6  0
= 10 m s2 1A
(ii) It is the acceleration of the ball. 1A
(c) The maximum height reached by the ball
1M
= area under portion AB of the graph
1 1A
=  0.6  6 = 1.8 m
2
(d) Zero 1A
-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=02><S=core><T=LQ><M=12><L=2><X=H><id=003>}}
2123003
« Joseph is riding The Abyss Turbo Drop, which is 185 feet tall. He rises to the top
of the machine at a uniform speed in 20 seconds. Take the acceleration due to
gravity as 10 m s2.
2b9562773529a5b590e9effac8993397c10c42a7.doc

(a) What is the speed of Joseph when he is rising? (Given: 3 feet = 0.914 m)
(2 marks)
(b) When Joseph rises to 100 feet above the ground, he drops his spectacles.
Keith sees the spectacles falls to the ground.
(i) To Keith, what is the velocity of the spectacles when they just leave
Joseph? (1 mark)
(ii) Draw the velocitytime graph for the spectacles, starting from the time
that they drop until they reach the ground. Show your calculations.
(6 marks)
(iii) Find the highest point reached by the spectacles. (3 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks

distance travelled 1M
(a) Speed =
time

185 1A
0.914
= 3
20
= 2.818 m s1
= 2.82 m s1
(b) (i) To Keith, the spectacles leave Joseph at 2.82 m s1 (upwards). 1A
(ii) Let v be the velocity at which the spectacles reach the ground.
Take the upward direction as positive.
By v2 = u2 + 2as, 1M

 100 
v2 = 2.8182 + 2  (10)    0.914 
 3 
v = 24.85 m s1 or 24.85 m s1 (rejected) 1A
Let t be the time at which the spectacles reach the ground.
By v = u  at , 1M
2b9562773529a5b590e9effac8993397c10c42a7.doc

v  u  24.85  2.818 1A
t= = = 2.77 s
a  10

velocity / m s1

10

0 time / s
1 2

10

20

(Correct axes) 1A
(Correct graph) 1A
(iii) When the spectacles reach the highest point, its velocity is
zero.
By v2 = u2 + 2as, 1M
0 = 2.8182 + 2 (10) s
s = 0.397 m 1M
The highest point reached by the spectacles
100
=  0.914 + 0.397
3
= 30.9 m 1A

-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=02><S=core><T=LQ><M=10><L=2><X=H><id=004>}}
2123004
« Peter walks with his dog along a straight path ABC. They walk from A to B at a
uniform speed and AB is 120 m long.
2b9562773529a5b590e9effac8993397c10c42a7.doc

(a) If their speed is 0.3 m s1, what is the time taken for them to walk from A to
B? (2 marks)
(b) Then Peter and his dog run from B to C at a uniform speed of 1.5 m s1. The
distance of of BC is 350 m.
(i) What is the time taken for them to run form B to C? (1 mark)
 0.3  1.5 
(ii) Peter says that his average speed from A to C is   m s1.
 2 
Comment on his statement. (2 marks)
(c) Then they go back to A form C in 6.5 minutes at a uniform speed. Draw the
velocitytime graph of Peter in the whole journey. (4 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks

distance travelled 1M
(a) By speed = ,
time

distance travelled 120 1A

time taken = = = 400 s (= 6.67 min)
speed 0.3

distance travelled 350 1A

(b) (i) Time taken = = = 233 s (= 3.89
speed 1 .5
minutes)
(ii) Peter's statement is wrong. 1A
0.3  1.5 1A
= 0.9
2
total distance travelled 1A
Average speed =
time

120  350
=
400  233
= 0.742 m s1
(d) The average speed when they return to A

120  350
= = 1.21 m s1
6.5 60

Take the direction going from A to B be the positive direction.

2b9562773529a5b590e9effac8993397c10c42a7.doc

velocity / m s1

0 time / min
5 10 15

1

2

3

(Correct axes) 1A
(Each correct straight line) 3  1A
-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=02><S=core><T=LQ><M=12><L=3><X=H><id=005>}}
2123005
«« An Eurocopter Super Puma helicopter (超級美洲豹直升機) is sent out to rescue
someone in sea. It moves horizontally along a straight line and its motion is
recorded by the velocitytime graph below.
velocity / m s1

100

50

0 time / hour
1 2 3
50

100

(a) Describe the motion of the helicopter. (5 marks)

2b9562773529a5b590e9effac8993397c10c42a7.doc

(b) What is the total displacement of the helicopter? (2 marks)

(c) Draw the accelerationtime graph of the helicopter and show your
calculations. (5 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a) From t = 0 to t = 0.8 hour, the helicopter travels at uniform speed of
75 m s1. 1A
From t = 0.8 hour to t = 0.9 hour, it decelerates uniformly to rest. 1A
It then stays still from t = 0.9 hour to t = 1.6 hours (to rescue 1A
people).
From t = 1.6 hour to t = 1.7 hour, it accelerates uniformly in the
opposite direction from 0 to 90 m s1. 1A
From t = 1.7 hour to t = 2.5 hour, it flies back with a uniform speed
of 1A
90 m s1.
(b) Take the initial travelling direction of the helicopter as positive.
1M
Total displacement = area under graph
1
=  3600  [(0.8 + 0.9)  75  (0.9 + 0.8) 
2
90] 1A

= 45.9 km
v u 1M
(c) By a = ,
t
acceleration of the helicopter between t = 0.8 hour to t = 0.9 hour
0  75 1A
= = 0.208 m s2
0.13600
acceleration of the helicopter between t = 1.6 hours to t = 1.7 hours
 90  0 1A
= = 0.25 m s2
0.13600
2b9562773529a5b590e9effac8993397c10c42a7.doc

acceleration / m s2

0.2

0.1

0 time / hour
1 2 3
0.1

0.2

(Correct axes) 1A
(Correct graph) 1A
-- ans end --

{{<P=21><C=02><S=core><T=LQ><M=13><L=3><X=H><id=006>}}
2123006
«« A skydiver jumps from an aeroplane and falls for a while before opening her
parachute. The graph below shows how the vertical velocity of the skydiver
changes after jumping from the aeroplane (taking downwards as positive).

(a) State the physical meaning of the slope of the graph. (1 mark)
(b) Describe and explain the motion of the skydiver represented in the
velocitytime graph by AB and BC. (5 marks)
2b9562773529a5b590e9effac8993397c10c42a7.doc

(c) Describe the motion of the skydiver represented in the velocitytime graph
by CD and DE. (2 marks)
(d) What does the skydiver do at C? (1 mark)
(e) Find the acceleration of the skydiver from 50 s to 60 s. (2 marks)
(f) Find the distance travelled by the skydiver from 70 s to 80 s. (2 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a) Acceleration 1A
(b) In AB:
1A
The skydiver first accelerates under gravity.
The air resistance in the upward direction increases with the
1A
velocity of the skydiver.
Therefore, the net downward force and hence acceleration
decreases. 1A
In BC:
The air resistance just balances the weight of the skydiver. The net
1A
force on her is zero.
By Newton’s second law of motion, the skydiver falls with a constant
1A
velocity (terminal velocity).
(c) In CD:
1A
The skydiver decelerates.
In DE:
1A
The skydiver falls with a constant velocity.
(d) The skydiver opens her parachute. 1A
v u 1M
(e) Acceleration =
t

10  56
=
60  50
= 4.6 m s2 1A
(f) Distance travelled = vt 1M
= 4  (80  70)
= 40 m 1A
-- ans end --
2b9562773529a5b590e9effac8993397c10c42a7.doc

{{<P=21><C=02><S=core><T=LQ><M=10><L=3><X=H><id=007>}}
2123007
«« The v–t graph below shows the motion of a car in a journey along a straight line.
v / m s1

40

20

0 t/s
20 40 60 80 100

20

40

(a) Describe the motion of the car from t = 0 to t = 100 s. (5 marks)

(b) Sketch the a–t graph of the car from t = 0 to t = 100 s. (3 marks)
(c) What is the total displacement of the car in the whole journey? (2 marks)

-- ans --
Solutions Marks
(a) From t = 0 to t = 20 s, the car moves with a uniform acceleration. 1A
From t = 20 s to t = 40 s, the car moves with a constant velocity of
20 m s–1. 1A
From t = 40 s to t = 50 s, the car decelerates uniformly to stop. 1A
From t = 50 s to t = 60 s, the car remains at rest. 1A
From t = 60 s to t = 100 s, the car moves with a uniform
acceleration in the opposite direction. 1A
2b9562773529a5b590e9effac8993397c10c42a7.doc

(b) 1A
a / m s2 1A
1A
2

0 t/s
20 40 60 80 100

1

2

(Correct axes)
(Correct accelerations)
(Correct times)
(b) The total displacement travelled by the car
= the area under the v–t graph
(20 50)20 (100  60) (  40)
= 
2 2 1M
= –100 m 1A
-- ans end --