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DC PPT 3 DPCM

The document discusses Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM), an advanced version of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) that reduces bandwidth loss by encoding the differences between highly correlated adjacent samples instead of sending all samples. It describes the transmitter and receiver block diagrams, outlining the process of sampling, predicting, and quantizing signals. Additionally, it includes questions regarding the disadvantages of PCM and the relationship between PCM and DPCM.

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Irshada Kuttiparambil
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7 views23 pages

DC PPT 3 DPCM

The document discusses Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM), an advanced version of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) that reduces bandwidth loss by encoding the differences between highly correlated adjacent samples instead of sending all samples. It describes the transmitter and receiver block diagrams, outlining the process of sampling, predicting, and quantizing signals. Additionally, it includes questions regarding the disadvantages of PCM and the relationship between PCM and DPCM.

Uploaded by

Irshada Kuttiparambil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital communication systems

Saranya S
Kerala PSC Expert
Differential pulse code modulation
[DPCM]
1. Differential pulse code modulation
● Pulse code modulation is a type of digital modulation in which
the message signal is converted into digital code words.
● The technique involves converting analog to digital values.
● The DPCM is an advanced version of PCM.
● Consider the sampling of a continuous signal using PCM.
1. Differential pulse code modulation
1. Differential pulse code modulation
● From this figure, it can be concluded that a continuous signal
is sampled using the pulse modulation and is quantized to
each discrete values say 000, 001, 010, 011.
● Here sample 1 is quantized to 001, sample 2 and 3 is
quantized to 010, and finally sample 4 is quantized to 001.
● This values 001 and 010 will be encoded and send.
1. Differential pulse code modulation
● Here sample 2 and sample 3 are encoded and it is send
continuously.
● This will result in bandwidth loss.
● This bits are called redundant information.
● This is the disadvantage of PCM and to overcome it, DPCM is
used.
1. Differential pulse code modulation
● In DPCM, the continuous signal is sampled at a sampling rate
fs > 2fm.
● Since fs is a greater value, the sampling interval [Ts] is less.
● That means, fs = 1/Ts.
● This means that each samples will be close to each other.
1. Differential pulse code modulation
1. Differential pulse code modulation
● This means that adjacent samples are highly correlated which
means that there will be no much differences between the
adjacent samples.
● The advantage of having high correlation is that instead of
sending all the samples, the differences between adjacent
samples are taken and is send.
1. Differential pulse code modulation
● Since the adjacent samples are almost similar, the difference
between them will be less.
● Hence it requires less number of bits to encode it.
● In DPCM, the previous set of sample values can be analyzed
and next set of samples can be predicted.
● The predicted value is compared with the actual value.
1. Differential pulse code modulation
● The difference between them is less and is send using less
number of bits.
2. Transmitter block diagram
2. Transmitter block diagram
● A signal sampled at high rate, fs is given as input and is
represented as m(n).
● The predicted value is represented as m^(n).
● Both the actual message, m(n) and predicted value, m^(n) are
given to the subtractor.
● The difference between them is given as d(n).
2. Transmitter block diagram
● The d(n) is given to the quantizer and the quantized form of
d(n) is represented as dq(n).
● This dq(n) is encoded using an encoder and is send as DPCM
signal.
● There is a summer whose inputs are dq(n) and m^(n) and its
output is given to the predictor which is given as mq(n).
2. Transmitter block diagram
● So mq(n) is the quantized value of the message signal.
● Here d(n) = m(n)-m^ (n)--------[eq 1]
● The quantizer will produce an error that means the difference
between its input and output.
● It is represented as q.
● Therefore, q= d(n)-dq(n)……..[eq 2]
2. Transmitter block diagram
● From previous equation, dq(n)=d(n)-q……..[eq 3]
● Then mq(n) = m^(n)+dq(n)……..[eq 4]
● From equation 1, m^(n)=m(n)-d(n)……..[eq 5]
● Equate equation 5 and 3 in 4.
● Therefore, mq(n) = m(n)-d(n)+d(n)-q.
● Hence mq(n) = m(n)-q……..[eq 6]
2. Transmitter block diagram
● Therefore, q= m(n)- mq(n)……..[eq 7]
3. Receiver block diagram
Q1. The disadvantage of PCM is

A sending redundant bits B bandwidth loss

C sending same information D all of the above


Q1. The disadvantage of PCM is

A sending redundant bits B bandwidth loss

C sending same information D all of the above


Q2. DPCM is the advanced version of

A PCM B Delta modulation

C Adaptive modulation D None of the above


Q2. DPCM is the advanced version of

A PCM B Delta modulation

C Adaptive modulation D None of the above


THANK YOU

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