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Millennium Development Goals

The document outlines the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) aimed at addressing global issues such as poverty, education, and health. It evaluates the progress made globally and in India, highlighting successes in poverty reduction and education, while also noting areas where India struggles, such as maternal health and child mortality. The analysis emphasizes the interconnectedness of health indicators and the need for careful interpretation of data.

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Kygo Dahll
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8 views4 pages

Millennium Development Goals

The document outlines the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) aimed at addressing global issues such as poverty, education, and health. It evaluates the progress made globally and in India, highlighting successes in poverty reduction and education, while also noting areas where India struggles, such as maternal health and child mortality. The analysis emphasizes the interconnectedness of health indicators and the need for careful interpretation of data.

Uploaded by

Kygo Dahll
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Www.iasbio.

com | whatsapp for UPSC NOTES 7091958453

8 Millennium development goals


Www.iasbio.com | whatsapp for UPSC NOTES 7091958453

The eight millennium development goals are: (MEECH-GDP)

• Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty


• Achieve Universal Primary Education
• Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
• Reduce Child Mortality
• Improve Maternal Health
• Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases
• Ensure Environmental Sustainability
• Develop a Global Partnership for Development

Evaluation of MDGs in global context

• There has been significant progress on the development front with 116 countries so far meetin
g the millennium development goal (MDG) target for drinking water, and 77 meeting the sanit
ation target (Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water- 2014 Update, WHO and UNICEF 2014).
• There has been marked progress on poverty reduction, disease control, and increased access
to schooling and infrastructure in the poorest countries of the world, especially in Africa, as a
result of the MDGs. Global goals helped to galvanize a global effort.
• Milestones achieved under different goals
o GOAL 1- Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
▪ The global goal of halving poverty was achieved in 2010, falling from 1.9
billion in 1990 to 836 million in 2015.
o GOAL 2- Achieve Universal Primary Education
▪ The primary school net enrollment rate in the developing regions has reached
91 per cent in 2015, up from 83 per cent in 2000. In 2000, 100 million children
were out-of school globally where 57 million were out-of school in 2015.
o GOAL 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
▪ In South Asia, only 74 girls were enrolled in primary school for every 100 boys
in 1990. Today, 103 girls are enrolled for every 100 boys.
o GOAL 4- Reduce Child Mortality
▪ The global under-five mortality rate has declined by more than half, dropping
from 90 to 43 deaths per 1,000 live births between 1990 and 2015.
o GOAL 5- Improve Maternal Health
▪ Since 1990, the maternal mortality ratio has declined by 45 per cent
worldwide and most of the reduction has occurred since 2000.
▪ In South Asia, the maternal mortality ratio declined by 64 per cent between
1990 and 2013 while in sub-Saharan Africa, it fell by 49 per cent.
o GOAL 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
▪ New HIV infection fell by approximately 40 per cent between 2000 and 2012
from an estimated 3.5 million cases to 2.1 million.
▪ Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have been averted between 2000 and 2015.
o GOAL7: Ensure Environmental sustainability
▪ Ozone-depleting substances have been virtually eliminated since 1990 and the
ozone layer is expected to recover by the middle of this century.
Www.iasbio.com | whatsapp for UPSC NOTES 7091958453

▪ In 2015, 91 per cent of the global population is using an improved drinking


water source, compared to 76 per cent in 1990.
▪ Energy intensity has declined worldwide including in many developing countries
owing to technology changes and efficiency improvements.
o GOAL 8: Develop a global partnership for development
▪ Official development assistance from developed countries increased by 66 per
cent in real terms between 2000 and 2014.
▪ Progress in child survival worldwide is one of the greatest success stories of
international development

India’s performance on MDGs

• India’s achievement with respect to MDGs is a mixed bag.

Positives

• For some indicators, India has already achieved or surpassed the target well ahead of the dead
line, for example halving the percentage of population below the poverty line, well beyond th
e MDG target of 23.9 per cent, and is likely to achieve the target of 20.74 per cent people belo
w the poverty line in 2015;
• in terms of Target 10, i.e. to halve the proportion of people with sustainable access to an impr
oved water source, urban and rural outcomes have already surpassed the target levels of 93.5
6 per cent and 79.47 per cent respectively in 2012.
• MDG 2, of achieving universal primary education, is well on track.
• With respect to some targets, like the gender parity index and under five mortality rate, goals
are likely to be reached by 2015.
• On the environment front, India is one of the few countries that have reduced its carbon
dioxide emissions in relation to its GDP. India emitted 0.65 kg of carbon dioxide per $1 of GDP
in 1990, which fell to 0.53 kg in 201

Negatives

• India is unlikely to reach the targeted level of maternal mortality rate of 109 per 100,000 live b
irths by 2015. It fell from 560 per lakh live births in 1990 to 190 in 2013.
• The other areas of concern relate to the share of women in wage employment in the non-
agricultural sector, proportion of births attended by skilled personnel, and proportion of popu
lation with access to improved sanitation, where India is lagging by a huge margin.
• While India has sharply reduced its infant mortality between 2000 and 2013, it still contributes
for the most infant deaths globally. Although the infant mortality rate fell drastically from
88.2 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 43.8 in 2012, the annual progress on this had been
slow.
• India remains home to one-quarter of the world’s undernourished population, over a third of
the world’s underweight children, and nearly a third of the world’s food-insecure people.

Analysis
Www.iasbio.com | whatsapp for UPSC NOTES 7091958453

• health indicators must be looked at carefully since many were interconnected. “Suppose no
infant dies, then you have many malnourished children that have survived. What does that do
to the ‘underweight children’ parameter? One should not make quick conclusions on the basis
of such parameters

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