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CEM1000W Tutorial 5 (Atomic Structure 2) - 2023

The document is a tutorial for a chemistry course at the University of Cape Town, focusing on atomic structure and electron configurations. It includes questions on allowed electron configurations, ground state configurations for specific atoms, quantum numbers, periodic trends, and properties of elements. The tutorial emphasizes the importance of understanding the periodic table and its implications for chemical properties.

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11 views2 pages

CEM1000W Tutorial 5 (Atomic Structure 2) - 2023

The document is a tutorial for a chemistry course at the University of Cape Town, focusing on atomic structure and electron configurations. It includes questions on allowed electron configurations, ground state configurations for specific atoms, quantum numbers, periodic trends, and properties of elements. The tutorial emphasizes the importance of understanding the periodic table and its implications for chemical properties.

Uploaded by

that01nihoro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Chemistry

UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN


PRIVATE BAG
RONDEBOSCH 7701 SOUTH AFRICA

CEM1000W - TUTORIAL 5 (ATOMIC STRUCTURE 2)


Question 1
Are the following electron configurations of atoms allowed? Is it a ground state electron configuration?
If not, write the ground state configuration and identify the atom.

(a) 1s22s22p64f2
(b) 1s22s22p63s23d1

Question 2
Write down the full and condensed (noble gas) ground state electron configurations of the following atoms:

(a) Si (used as a semiconductor)


(b) Cr (used in stainless steel, and other alloys and as a catalyst)
(c) Se (a nutritionally essential element, used in the glass industry)
(d) Cd (used in batteries)
(e) Ag (used in silverware, jewellery and batteries)

Question 3
(a) Chlorine is the second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the
periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green
gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent.
(i) Write down the full and condensed (noble gas) ground state electron configurations of chlorine.
(ii) Complete the orbital energy level diagram for chlorine below.

3p

3s

Energy 2p

2s

1s
(iii) Provide the set of four quantum numbers for the high energy last electron added using aufbau for
chlorine. (see lecture problem 8.2)
(iv) Is chlorine diamagnetic or paramagnetic? Explain.

(b) Write a set of quantum numbers for the electrons indicated by (i) to (iv) in the orbital diagram given
below. Identify the atom.
Question 4
(a) Consider the two sets of atoms: Na, Be, K, Li and P, Cl, F, S
(i) Arrange the atoms in order of increasing size for each set and briefly explain the origin of these
trends.
(ii) Do you expect the ionization energy to generally increase or decrease as the atom become larger?
Briefly explain.
(iii) How does the electronic configuration of P and S explain the small deviation in the expected trend
for the 1st ionization energy (IE) for P and S? [IE P = 1012 kJ/mol) and IE S = 999 kJ/mol]. Hint, see
N and O.

(b) How do the periodic atomic properties explain the common occurrence of NaCl and the “laziness” of
argon.

Question 5
Historically, copper was the first metal to be worked with by humans. The discovery that it could be
hardened with a little tin to form the alloy bronze gave the name to the Bronze Age. Most copper is used in
electrical equipment and for construction.

(a) Write the condensed ground state electronic configurations of copper (Cu).

(b) Which electron(s) has(have) the highest energy in Cu? Write out the set of quantum numbers?

(c) Write the condensed ground state electronic configurations of the cupric (Cu+) and cuprous (Cu2+)
ions and identify whether they are diamagnetic or paramagnetic.

Question 6
Consider the following series of isoelectronic ions: S2-, Cl-, K+, Ca2+

(a) Write the condensed (noble gas) ground state electron configurations for each ion.

(b) Write the number of proton and number of electrons for each ion and predict the order of decreasing
ionic radius.

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Get used to interpreting the periodic table for electronic configurations and understanding the chemical
properties of atoms. You will always be provided with a copy of the periodic table in tests and exams.

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