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Chapter 7

This chapter discusses columns as vertical structural elements primarily subjected to axial compressive forces, detailing their types such as plain concrete, tied, spiral, and composite columns. It distinguishes between short and long columns based on their failure mechanisms and outlines reinforcement limits, spacing, and tie specifications for effective design. Additionally, it includes example problems for calculating axial load capacities and designing tied columns under specific load conditions.

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13 views5 pages

Chapter 7

This chapter discusses columns as vertical structural elements primarily subjected to axial compressive forces, detailing their types such as plain concrete, tied, spiral, and composite columns. It distinguishes between short and long columns based on their failure mechanisms and outlines reinforcement limits, spacing, and tie specifications for effective design. Additionally, it includes example problems for calculating axial load capacities and designing tied columns under specific load conditions.

Uploaded by

jimjimmorial
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 7

SHORT COLUMN

INTRODUCTION:

A column is a vertical structural element which is subjected to axial compressive forces with or
without moments. Columns are generally referred to as compression members because the compression
forces dominate their behavior. They support vertical loads from the upper floors and transmit these loads
to the lower floors and then to the foundation.

TYPES OF COLUMNS:

(a) PLAIN CONCRETE PEDESTRAL – this maybe used only if the height does not exceed three
times the least lateral dimension.
(b) TIED COLUMNS- A column in which the main longitudinal bars are braced within closely spaced
lateral lies.
(c) SPIRAL COLUMNS – a column in which the main longitudinal bars are braced within closely
spaced helix or spiral.
(d) COMPOSITE COLUMNS – these columns may contain a structural steel sections or pipes , with or
without additional longitudinal reinforcement.

 BASED ON THE LENGTH OF THE COLUMN IN RELATIONTO ITS LATERAL


DIMENSIONS:
(a) SHORT COLUMN – where the columns failure is due to the crushing of concrete or the
yielding of the steel bars under the full load capacity of the column.
(b) LONG COLUMN - where buckling effect and slenderness ratio must be taken into
consideration in the design, thus reducing the load capacity of the column relative to that of a
short column.
 AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY OF COLUMNS

 Nominal load capacity Pn

 Ultimate Load Capacity Pu of Tied Column

 Ultimate Load Capacity Pu of spiral Column.

 Ultimate Load Capacity Pu of Composite Column.

where : ∅is 0.65 for tied columns and 0.75 for spiral columns (2001 NSCP: ∅ = 0.70
for tied and 0.75 for spiral) Tied Column.
 REINFORCEMENT LIMITS (Section 410.6)
 410.6.1.1 For non-prestressed columns and for prestressed columns with average fpe <
1.6 Mpa, area of longitudinal reinforcement shall be at least 0.01Ag but shall not exceed
0.08Ag .Ultimate Load Capacity Pu of Composite Column.
 410.7.3.1 For non-prestressed columns and for prestressed columns with average fpe <
1.6 Mpa, the minimum number of longitudinal bars shall be (a), (b), or (c).
(a) Three within triangular ties
(b) Four within rectangular or circular ties
(c) Six enclosed by spirals or for columns of special moment frames enclosed by circular hoops.
 MINIMUM SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT (Section 425.2)
 425.2.3 For longitudinal reinforcement in columns, pedestals, struts, and boundary
elements in walls, clear spacing between bars shall be at least the greatest of 40 mm,
1.5db , and (4/3)dagg.
 TIES (Section 425.7.2) 425.7.2.1

 425.7.2.1 Ties shall consist of a closed loop of deformed bar or deformed wire with
spacing in accordance with (a) and (b):
(a) Clear spacing of at least (4/3) dagg.
(b) Center-to-center spacing shall not exceed the least of 16 db of longitudinal bar, 48 db of
tie bar, and smallest dimension of member.

 425.7.2.2 Diameter of tie bar or wire shall be at least (a) or (b):


a. 10 mm ϕ enclosing 32 mm ϕ or smaller longitudinal bars
b. 12 mm ϕ enclosing 36 mm ϕ or larger longitudinal bars or bundled longitudinal bars.
 425.7.2.3 Rectilinear ties shall be arrange to satisfy (a) and (b):
a. Every corner and alternate longitudinal bar shall have lateral support provided by the
corner of a tie with an included angle of not more than 135 degrees
b. No unsupported bar shall be farther than 150 mm clear on each side along the tie from a
laterally supported bar.
PROBLEM 10.1 A square tied column 450 mm on each side is reinforced with 8-25 mm bars with fy =
415 MPa. Determine the safe service axial live load if the axial dead load on the column is 820 kN. Use
f’c = 21 MPa.

SOLUTION:
Area of Steel (As):

Gross Area (Ag):

Nominal Axial Load Capacity (Pn)

Use the NSCP 2015 / ACI tied column strength equation (non-slender column):

Substitute:

Factored Load (φPn)

This is the ultimate factored load capacity.Solve for Live Load

Assuming service loads and using the Load Combination:

Substitute the known values:


PROBLEM 10.3 Design a square tied column to support an axial dead load of 575 kN and an axial live
load of 770 kN. Assume f’c = 27.6 MPa and fy = 414 MPa. Use 28 mm main bars and 10 mm diameter
bars. Assume 𝜌 g = 0.02.

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