GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA

DEPARTMENT OF COLLEGIATE AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION

LABORATORY MANUAL
ON

ENGINEERING MECHANICS AND STRENGTH OF

MATERIALS

CODE: (20CE31P)

Prepared by,

FAYAZ AHAMED
Lecturer.

2021-22
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
HARIHAR – 577601
 EXPERIMENT NO: 01
VERIFICATION OF LAMI’S THEOREM

AIM: Verify experimentally the law of Lami’s theorem.

Apparatus: Drawing board, pulleys, thread, scale, weight hangers, etc
Principle: It states that “If three forces are acting at a point which are at equilibrium
both in magnitude and direction, then each force is directly proportional to sine of
angle between other two forces”.
Formula: If P, Q and R be the three forces and 𝛼, 𝛽 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛾 be the opposite angles
respectively, then by the law we have
𝑃 𝑄 𝑅
= =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛾
Procedure:
1) Drawing board is kept vertically and the given two smooth and frictionless pulleys
are fixed to it as shown in the given diagram.

2) A thread is made to pass over both the pulleys. Two weight hangers P and Q are
taken and are attached to the two free ends of the tread. Another short string is
tied to the center of the first string at O. A third weight hanger R is attached to the
free end of the short thread.

3) The weight hangers P, Q and R are adjusted such that the system is at rest.

4) The point O is in equilibrium under the action of the three forces P,Q and R acting
along the threads.

5) A sheet of paper is fixed on drawing board behind the system. Light is made to
fall on the system and The common knot O and the directions of OA,OB and OD
are marked on the paper and the paper is taken out from the drawing board.

6) The lines on the paper are extended to meet at common point O. Now measure
the angles 𝛼, 𝛽 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛾.

7) Then it can be verified that

𝑃 𝑄 𝑅
= =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛾

8) Repeat this experiment for different values of P, Q and R and verify the law.

Result: Within the given experimental conditions it is observed that

𝐏 𝐐 𝐑
= = . Hence Lami’s theorem is verified.
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛂 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛃 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛄

Diagram:

Tabular Column:
Forces Angles 𝐏 𝐐 𝐑
SI. ( In grams) (In degrees) sinα sinβ sinγ
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛂 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝛃 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝛄
NO
P Q R Α Β γ
1
2
3

Calculations:
 EXPERIMENT NO: 04
CENTROID AND MOMENT OF INERTIA OF GIVEN
L-SECTION
Aim: Finding the centroid and moment of inertia of given section by using CADD
software and comparison with manual calculation.
Problem Description: Find the moment of inertia about centroidal X-X and Y-Y
axes of the angle section with measurements 100x80x20mm.

Procedure:
1. Open new sheet in AutoCAD.
2. Set the required units [format → units → precision 0, units millimeters].
3. Set out lower left corner 0, 0 and upper right corner depending up on total
area required to complete elevation and section of drawing [format → limits].
4. Set the required dimension style [format → dimension style].
5. Save the file with file name as exercise and register number.
6. Use zoom command and choose all option to show working area.
7. Start the drawing of given section by using draw tools.
8. Complete the details by using modify tools.
9. Draw → region → select the whole section → enter.
10. Find the centroid of the section using MASSPROP command or ( tools →
inquiry → region / mass properties)
11. Move the section so that its centroid is at 0, 0.
12. Run MASSPROP to find out the moment of inertia along the neutral axes, X
and Y.
Comparison between Theoretical & CADD results:

Particulars Theoretical CADD

X̅ =35 X̅ =35
Centroid (mm)
Y̅ =25 Y̅ =25
Moment of
Ixx=1626666.66 Ixx=1626667
inertia
(mm4) Iyy=2906660 Iyy=2906667

Conclusion: CADD software results are near to theoretical results.

 EXPERIMENT NO: 05
CENTROID AND MOMENT OF INERTIA OF GIVEN
T-SECTION
Aim: Finding the centroid and moment of inertia of given section by using CADD
software and comparison with manual calculation.
Problem Description: Find the moment of inertia about centroidal X-X and Y-Y
axes of the T-section with measurements i) Flange -150x50mm ii) Web-50x150mm.

Procedure:
1. Open new sheet in AutoCAD.
2. Set the required units [format → units → precision 0, units millimeters].
3. Set out lower left corner 0, 0 and upper right corner depending up on total
area required to complete elevation and section of drawing [format → limits].
4. Set the required dimension style [format → dimension style].
5. Save the file with file name as exercise and register number.
6. Use zoom command and choose all option to show working area.
7. Start the drawing of given section by using draw tools.
8. Complete the details by using modify tools.
9. Draw → region → select the whole section → enter.
10. Find the centroid of the section using MASSPROP command or ( tools →
inquiry → region / mass properties)
11. Move the section so that its centroid is at 0, 0.
12. Run MASSPROP to find out the moment of inertia along the neutral axes, X
and Y.
Comparison between Theoretical & CADD results:
Theoretical
Particulars CADD

X̅ =0 X̅ =0
Centroid (mm)
Y̅ =125 Y̅ =125
Moment of
Ixx=53125000 Ixx=53125000
inertia
(mm4) Iyy=15625000 Iyy=15625000

Conclusion: CADD software results are near to theoretical results.

 EXPERIMENT NO: 06
CENTROID AND MOMENT OF INERTIA OF GIVEN
I-SECTION
Aim: Finding the centroid and moment of inertia of given section by using CADD
software and comparison with manual calculation.
Problem Description: Find the moment of inertia about centroidal X-X and Y-Y
axes of the I-section with measurements i) Top Flange -60x20mm ii) Bottom Flange
100x20mm iii) Web-20x100mm.

Procedure:
1. Open new sheet in AutoCAD.
2. Set the required units [format → units → precision 0, units millimeters].
3. Set out lower left corner 0, 0 and upper right corner depending up on total
area required to complete elevation and section of drawing [format → limits].
4. Set the required dimension style [format → dimension style].
5. Save the file with file name as exercise and register number.
6. Use zoom command and choose all option to show working area.
7. Start the drawing of given section by using draw tools.
8. Complete the details by using modify tools.
9. Draw → region → select the whole section → enter.
10. Find the centroid of the section using MASSPROP command or ( tools →
inquiry → region / mass properties)
11. Move the section so that its centroid is at 0, 0.
12. Run MASSPROP to find out the moment of inertia along the neutral axes, X
and Y.
Comparison between Theoretical & CADD results:

Particulars Theoretical CADD

X̅ =0 X̅ =0
Centroid (mm)
Y̅ =60.76 Y̅ =61
Moment of
Ixx=12850256.84 Ixx=12850533
inertia
(mm4) Iyy=2093333.32 Iyy=2093333

Conclusion: CADD software results are near to theoretical results.

 EXPERIMENT NO: 07
ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM WITH POINT LOADS
Aim: Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the given cantilever beam
with point loads.

Problem Description: A cantilever beam 5m long carries point load of 30kN, 20kN and
10kN at distance of 1m, 3m and 5m from fixed end. Draw SFD and BMD.

Procedure:

Step 1: STAAD-Pro Main Menu – New project – Space – Next – Addbeam – Finish.

Step 2: Modelling

 Draw beam by using Snap Node/Beam command.

 General – Define – Rectangle – Add – Close – Assign to view – Assign.
 Supports – Create – Fixed – Add – Use cursor to Assign – Assign.
 Loads and Definition – Load cases details – Add – Close – Load cases 1 – Add
– Nodal load – Add – Close – select given load – use cursor to Assign – Assign
 Analysis – No print – Add – Close.
 Analyze – Run analysis.

Step 3: Post Processing

 Apply loads – Apply Dimensions – Apply Load value – Take picture.

 Apply shear Y forces – Results – View value – Beam results – Annotate – Take
picture.
 Apply Bending Z moments - Results – View value – Beam results – Annotate –
Take picture.

Step 4: Report Setup

 Go to Report setup – Inputs – Pictures – Print.

Comparison between Theoretical & STAAD-Pro results:

Particulars Theoretical STAAD-Pro

Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum

Shear force (KN) 7 2 7 2

Bending moment -23 0 -23 0

(KN-M)

Conclusion: STAAD-Pro results and Theoretical results both are same.

 EXPERIMENT NO: 08
ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM WITH POINT LOADS
AND UDL.
Aim: Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the given cantilever beam
with point loads and UDL.

Problem Description: A cantilever beam of span 3m long carries an UDL of 2 KN/m

over a length of 2m from support, In addition, it also carries a point loads of 1KN, 2KN
and 3KN at free end, 1m and 2m from free end respectively. Draw SFD and BMD.

Procedure:

Step 1: STAAD-Pro Main Menu – New project – Space – Next – Addbeam – Finish.

Step 2: Modelling

 Draw beam by using Snap Node/Beam command.

 General – Define – Rectangle – Add – Close – Assign to view – Assign.
 Supports – Create – Fixed – Add – Use cursor to Assign – Assign.
 Loads and Definition – (i) Load cases details – Add – Close – Load cases 1– Add
– Nodal load – Add – Close – select given load – use cursor to Assign– Assign.
(ii) Load cases details – Add – Close – Load cases 1 – Add – Member load–
Add– Close –select given load – use cursor to Assign – Assign.
 Analysis – No print – Add – Close.
 Analyze – Run analysis.

Step 3: Post Processing

 Apply loads – Apply Dimensions – Apply Load value – Take picture.

 Apply shear Y forces – Results – View value – Beam results – Annotate – Take
picture.
 Apply Bending Z moments - Results – View value – Beam results – Annotate –
Take picture.

Step 4: Report Setup

 Go to Report setup – Inputs – Pictures – Print.

Comparison between Theoretical & STAAD-Pro results:

Particulars Theoretical STAAD-Pro

Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum

Shear force (KN) 10 1 10 1

Bending moment -14 0 -14 0

(KN-M)

Conclusion: STAAD-Pro results and Theoretical results both are same.

 EXPERIMENT NO: 09
ANALYSIS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM WITH POINT
LOADS.
Aim: Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the given Simply
supported beam with point loads.

Problem Description: Simply supported beam 4m long is subjected to two-point loads

of 2KN and 4KN each at a distance of 1.5m and 3m from left end. Draw SFD and BMD.

Procedure:

Step 1: STAAD-Pro Main Menu – New project – Space – Next – Addbeam – Finish.

Step 2: Modelling

 Draw beam by using Snap Node/Beam command.

 General – Define – Rectangle – Add – Close – Assign to view – Assign.
 Supports – Create – Pinned – Add – Use cursor to Assign – Assign.
 Loads and Definition – Load cases details – Add – Close – Load cases 1– Add
– Nodal load – Add – Close – select given load – use cursor to Assign– Assign.
 Analysis – No print – Add – Close.
 Analyze – Run analysis.

Step 3: Post Processing

 Apply loads – Apply Dimensions – Apply Load value – Take picture.

 Apply shear Y forces – Results – View value – Beam results – Annotate – Take
picture.
 Apply Bending Z moments - Results – View value – Beam results – Annotate –
Take picture.

Step 4: Report Setup

 Go to Report setup – Inputs – Pictures – Print.

Comparison between Theoretical & STAAD-Pro results:

Particulars Theoretical STAAD-Pro

Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum

Shear force (KN) -3.75 0.25 -3.75 0.25

Bending moment 3.75 0 3.75 0

(KN-M)

Conclusion: STAAD-Pro results and Theoretical results both are same.

 EXPERIMENT NO: 10
ANALYSIS OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM WITH POINT
LOADS AND UDL.
Aim: Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the given Simply
supported beam with point loads and UDL.

Problem Description: Simply supported beam 6m. carrying a UDL of 2KN/m over the
entire span and point loads of 5KN, 4KN and 3KN at 3m, 4m and 5m from left support
respectively. Draw SFD and BMD.

Procedure:

Step 1: STAAD-Pro Main Menu – New project – Space – Next – Addbeam – Finish.

Step 2: Modelling

 Draw beam by using Snap Node/Beam command.

 General – Define – Rectangle – Add – Close – Assign to view – Assign.
 Supports – Create – Pinned – Add – Use cursor to Assign – Assign.
 Loads and Definition – (i) Load cases details – Add – Close – Load cases 1– Add
– Nodal load – Add – Close – select given load – use cursor to Assign– Assign.
(ii) Load cases details – Add – Close – Load cases 1 – Add – Member load–
Add– Close –select given load – use cursor to Assign – Assign.
 Analysis – No print – Add – Close.
 Analyze – Run analysis.

Step 3: Post Processing

 Apply loads – Apply Dimensions – Apply Load value – Take picture.

 Apply shear Y forces – Results – View value – Beam results – Annotate – Take
picture.
 Apply Bending Z moments - Results – View value – Beam results – Annotate –
Take picture.

Step 4: Report Setup

 Go to Report setup – Inputs – Pictures – Print.

Comparison between Theoretical & STAAD-Pro results:

Particulars Theoretical STAAD-Pro

Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum

Shear force (KN) -13.67 -0.667 -13.67 -0.667

Bending moment 22 0 22 0
(KN-M)

Conclusion: STAAD-Pro results and Theoretical results both are same.

 EXPERIMENT NO: 11
ANALYSIS OF OVERHANGING BEAM WITH POINT
LOADS AND UDL.
Aim: Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the given overhanging
beam with point loads and UDL.

Problem Description: Construct the SFD and BMD for the overhanging beam as shown
in fig. 16kN

10kN/m

4m 3m 2m

Procedure:

Step 1: STAAD-Pro Main Menu – New project – Space – Next – Addbeam – Finish.

Step 2: Modelling

 Draw beam by using Snap Node/Beam command.

 General – Define – Rectangle – Add – Close – Assign to view – Assign.
 Supports – Create – Pinned – Add – Use cursor to Assign – Assign.
 Loads and Definition – (i) Load cases details – Add – Close – Load cases 1– Add
– Nodal load – Add – Close – select given load – use cursor to Assign– Assign.
(ii) Load cases details – Add – Close – Load cases 1 – Add – Member load–
Add– Close –select given load – use cursor to Assign – Assign.
 Analysis – No print – Add – Close.
 Analyze – Run analysis.

Step 3: Post Processing

 Apply loads – Apply Dimensions – Apply Load value – Take picture.

 Apply shear Y forces – Results – View value – Beam results – Annotate – Take
picture.
 Apply Bending Z moments - Results – View value – Beam results – Annotate –
Take picture.

Step 4: Report Setup

 Go to Report setup – Inputs – Pictures – Print.

Comparison between Theoretical & STAAD-Pro results:

Particulars Theoretical STAAD-Pro

Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum

Shear force (KN) 30 -10 30 -10

Bending moment 45 0 45 0
(KN-M)

Conclusion: STAAD-Pro results and Theoretical results both are same.

 EXPERIMENT NO: 12
ANALYSIS OF OVERHANGING BEAM WITH POINT
LOADS AND UDL.
Aim: Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the given overhanging
beam with point loads and UDL.

Problem Description: Construct the SFD and BMD for the overhanging beam as shown
in fig. 10kN/m

1m 5m 1m

Procedure:

Step 1: STAAD-Pro Main Menu – New project – Space – Next – Addbeam – Finish.

Step 2: Modelling

 Draw beam by using Snap Node/Beam command.

 General – Define – Rectangle – Add – Close – Assign to view – Assign.
 Supports – Create – Pinned – Add – Use cursor to Assign – Assign.
 Loads and Definition – (i) Load cases details – Add – Close – Load cases 1 –
Add – Member load– Add– Close –select given load – use cursor to Assign –
Assign.
 Analysis – No print – Add – Close.
 Analyze – Run analysis.

Step 3: Post Processing

 Apply loads – Apply Dimensions – Apply Load value – Take picture.

 Apply shear Y forces – Results – View value – Beam results – Annotate – Take
picture.
 Apply Bending Z moments - Results – View value – Beam results – Annotate –
Take picture.

Step 4: Report Setup

 Go to Report setup – Inputs – Pictures – Print.

Comparison between Theoretical & STAAD-Pro results:

Particulars Theoretical STAAD-Pro

Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum

Shear force (KN) 25 0 25 0

Bending moment -26.25 0 -26.25 0

(KN-M)

Conclusion: STAAD-Pro results and Theoretical results both are same.