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Rivetted joint in machine design
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
32 views16 pagesRiveted Joints
Rivetted joint in machine design
Uploaded by
rohithn369Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Riveted and Welded Joints
LWP RTT
31 INTRODUCTION : oe -
Irivetis a cylindrical body having ahead at a
Asvtjand a shank at the other end as shown
hig, 71. The purpose of the rivet is to join
‘afer tvo plates permanently. The plates to
Peoined by rivets are drilled with holes. The
thats then inserted in the holes and held
fimly by a backup bar while the protruding
«nd Ghank) is given adequate mechanical force
toform a second head (known as point) on the tail on the rivet as shown in Fig
Themechanical force may be hydraulic, pneumatic or steam power.
Fig. 7.1: Arivet
Die |
K | SS AW. _| S
Zilli vosrns
Fig. 7.2: Typical head forming of rivet
furber rivets may be hot driven or cold driven. Cold driving (cold riveting) is done
lotion enberature and does not require heating the shank portion of the rivet.
ranma tot siveting) is done by heating the shank to red hot condition, followed
"hammering
APplicatio,.
‘ cncations: Pressure vessels, boilers, roof truss, bridges, ship hull, cranes,
iH Works, aircraft structures, etc.
ieee Me FASTENING
ire cl ce
emanate into two groups:
Without eauss ‘nts: Permanent joints are those which cannot be disassembled
Samples Welee emase to the connected parts.
ing, riveting, brazing, adhesives, etc.
487
a ar
1488 Design of Machine Elements | (OME)
Ke ity
ints, couplings, Screws, bots and nya
connected overlap each other and are held togehe
's. Lap joints may also be made with inside or case
connected aren the same plane andl are joined
rap, whichis riveted to both plates by oneor mise
le riveting refers to one row of rivets in a lap joint or one rom
‘double rivet to two rows of rivets ina lap
(=)Snalervted (Double ethan etng —_(c)Deule reted 2-89 "9
Flg.7:3:Lapjint
ana
(b) Doub retain ‘90 Denn of Maine Eres OME
Fig, 7.8: Tile voted double strap (unequal) but joint zig-zag riveting
74 IMPORTANT TERMS USED IN RIVETED JOINTS
+ Pitch (p): This is the distance between two centers of the consecutive rivets int
single row.
rivets in the various rows are opposite to each other.
the adjacent rows are staggered in sucha Wi)
iddle of the two rivets of the opposite row
is necessary to have rivets countersunk"
16 MATERIALS FOR RIVETS,
‘amt we for et should be tng and ule The mst common we
for rivets is mild steel, low carbon steel aluminum and brass. For:
‘made of wrought iron or:
icraft and other applications where light weight or resistance to
yper, aluminum alloy, monel,inconel, ete. may be used as
17 FAILURES OF RIVETED JOINTS
riveted joint may f
the following ways:
* Tearing ofa plate at an edge
+ Tearing of plates across a row of rivets,
* Shearing of rivets
* Bearing or crushing of rivets/plates.
of a plate at an edge: This type of
rs due
Fig, 78: Teanng ofa at an edge
——
Fig. 79: Toning of pate aos
le stress acting on the row of weaker rratmes 492. Design of Machine lerents| (OMED
(@)Sege shear Lopand single coverbut_ 2) Doule shear: Deu covet
Fig. 7.10: Shearing ofrivets
Shearing resistance per pitch length,
Pratl, BQI4
single shear
P.22{™) «for double sheae e474
», =1875( =) tor double shear according tolndinBale
4" Regulations (IBR)
+ (EQ, 77) 5.6 FeO
+ le there aren, sivets in single shear, then.
=
roan (2) forsng shear
+ here ane m svtsin double shear hen
om [ras(®) according BR 38
+ Thus, the general expression for shearing resistance of ll he rvetsin i?
(Eq. 7.10) 5.614) Pg 80%
Riveted ond Welded Joints 493
5 | |
Fig, 7.11: Crushing ofa ets
(Eq,7.13) 5.60) Pg 80, DAB
9, = compressive stress
[Note: Number of rivets under crushing is equal to the number of rivets under
shear
1718 STRENGTH OF A RIVETED JOINT
Ihisdefined as the maximum force whicha riveted jointcan withstand without failure,
ie the least value of P,P, and P, from Eqs. (73), (7.10) and (7.13).
19 EFFICIENCY OF A RIVETED JOINT
The efficiency of riveted joint i defined as the ratio ofthe strength of riveted joint to
the strength of the solid o
za)
id plate ee
least value of P,P, and P from Eqs. (73) (7.10)
te P= plo, (69,7.15) 56a Pg 80, DHB
and ne
(9.716)
ie _ least value of FP and Pe
1° ae
+ Tearing or plate ofcency
using Eqs. (6.600) and 5.6(a)/D HB]
(&9.7.17) 59(ehPg 81, DB
using Eqs 6.6) and 5.6a)/DHB)
ee EE {9 Design of Machine Elements | MED
2 plated
ter d= 20 mm, pitch p = BO mm, oy = 80 Mia se
Py =Q+ 1.8%
P,= 3769911 N
(Crushing resistanc
A double riveted dou but
: Je cover but join
with 25 mm diameter rivets at 100 mm
9. = 120 MPa, x = 100 MP
taking the strength of the
Rvolod and Welded Joints 498
yP 81, DAB.
shearing oF
pnd
* ..5:9(8/P 81, DHB or 5.7/ Pg 80, DHB
For equal cover b
++ 5A10(b)/ Pg 81, DUB
_ (+1875 x2) x25" x100_ py rg69
$100 20% 120
4, =76.69% Eq.)
Crushing efficiency:
a
| mio,
Prey
moe
ua
(042 20)»25*150 9 ga59
100 20130
ne = 62.50% Et)
nen
Method 2: We iow tha
Fat)
Tearing resistance,
Re St, DUB
400-25) «20% 120-1800 8
Shearing resistance,
Py nt 1875 Sd) Pg 8, DB
, +1975 «2)(2°25) «100 =18107770N
(Crushing resistance,
Pe
p= (0+ 2 20) 25 x 150 = 150000 N 496 Design of Machine Elements | (OME
P= ptoy
5.60 Pg
P= 100 x20 120-24 "Om
~ 240000,
7.10 DESIGN OF BOILER JOINTS
ymong all the rivets
distributed over the gross area of
+ Friction between plates isneglected.
7.11 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR LONGITUDINAL BUTT JOINT
According to Indian Boiler Regulations (IBR), the following procedure should
itidinal butt joint fora boiler.
int from Table 5.2/ Pg 84, DHB, based on
shell Pe thicknessfthe boiler shell is determined by
(Eq. 7.20) 5.1Pg79.0
"1 = elicency ofthe longitudinal ant.
“Thelfceny ofthe joint maybe obtained from
Table 0b) Pg 850° f
Jes tobe standardized using Table s30F5 5
er of rivet holeand rivet
hickness is more than 8 mm (¢ > 8 mum), the diameter
ed from Unwin’s formula as;
d =6335Vi
+
rivet
(69,721) 510d 810
veted and Welded Jolts 497
‘obtained by equating the
crushing resistance as
sing Eqs. (5.66) and 5.6(e)/DHB)
(®q,7.22)500ay/ Pg 81, DUB
Daofrivethoe(d) 3 15 17 1 2 2 2 m5 US MS 7S A
in ofrvel RM 6 wm» 2M 7 0 8 6»
From the above table, we observe that
d=d)+1mm, forl2mm. Maximum pits jt Dee
beara +» 5206) Fest DEB vets in single shear, Fig. 712:Pralems
‘4 =2462, fora lap joint with two sivets per pitch
1 Tb, 5a) P85, aren
(2.62 413) +41 =75.06
‘Thus, the standard leh he lwer ale frm Eg.) and i)
le. p=7094mm~=71 mm
5. Transverse pitch (distance between the rows of rivets}:
2 Thickness of plate:
¢=20mm (data)
5 Diameter of rivet hole: From Unwin's formu
f>8mm,
_. SAMA) Pg 1, DUB
Forsigeagorsiaggeed riveting, 7 4630500
PL 20.33p +0.67d so 514th) Po
2 (033 <71) «(067 25) =6325/9
4=2828mm
p= 38.84 mm = 40 mm ‘saz Design of Machine Eloments | (OME D
mm, for 27mm 2d=2%21=42mm
6 Strap thickness:
For double butt strap of equal width having ordinary riveting
5.4(0/ Pg 80, DB.
. $161 Pg 83, DIB
8 Efficiency: We know tha
or n= Lea
“Teng or platting:
Fig. 7.14: Problom6
MPa, 0; = 120 MPa, «= 60 MPa.
= Double riveted double strap - equal cover >
5.9(e)/Fg 81, DAB
* Shearing or rive
“Pest! tae 5.9(0/Pg 81, DHB
2. Thickness of plate: ‘pt,
= 10mm (data) 021875 «290120 £6 agp
5. Diameter of rivet hole: From Unwin's formula, for t> 8mm, wehae
d= 6325 oe SANCG) PALO Eq.)
= 6.325V10 = 20mm 1506, Design of Machine Elements (OME,
Bo
Thus the effcien 4
Wand Wie nen=R0We
‘ivalgna doe vated ug but lat wth equal eave planes
Plats 20mm thick Clculste the efctency ofthe Joint The jon snes e
Brow? Take oy =100 Pa, r=e0 MP and S130 Mo, a4
VTU=Dec 08 Jan. 2009=10 Marks; De 07 Ja: 2008-10 434
[fx
15: Problem 7,
MPa, o.= 120 MPa, x= 60 MPa,
~ Double riveted double strap—equal cover i)
er of rivets in single shear 11; =0
“numberof ives in doubleshese tgs =2
2. Thickness of plate:
= 20 mm (da
3. Diameter of rivet hole: From Ui
4632549
=6325V20 =28.28 mm
‘Thus the standard diameter of rivet hole,
4=285mm
oo tP gs DIB
formula, for t> 8 mm, we have
+ 5.11(4)/ Pg, DHE
Rivetedond Welded Joints S07
++ 5.12(0)/Pg 81, DB
(0.875 42) xn x285" X60 | 995
= 0, from step 1
Fg
4+ 20 «100
5.12(0)/Pg 81, DHB.
85, DUB
Fa.
le. p= 100.27 mm 102mm
Forleak proofjoint,
psbd 5.124)! Pg 82, DHB.
ao
Pega Wcg
a “o> 285
3.57 <6, hence the joints leak proof.
5 Transverse pitch (distance between the rows of rivets):
riveting,
zig-zag or staggered
p.2033p +0.67d
> (0.33 « 102) + (067 x285)
p.=52.76mm =53mm
5.8(by Fg 82, DUB.
6. Strap thickness:
For double butt strap of equal width having ordinary riveting,
f= 01625t = 0.625 x20
1,= 125mm
5.4(e/Pg 80, DHB
7. Margin: We know th
m=1Sd=15%285=4275mm 5.46) Pg83, DHB
5 Efficiency: We know that
ny=Leastof ny mand ne
* Tearing,
te efficiency:
= 285 _ 9.7206 = 72.06%
Eg, (il) §:9¢e/Pg 81, DUB
} 408. Design of Machine Elerants | (OME 1)
+ Shearing or ency
(0, + 1.8751, nd?
ra
(0+ 1.875 x 2)n x 28.5? x 120
= 4 102 « 20x 100 OTE,
y= 7036%
+ Crushing eter:
x
MP pe,
(0+220)x285.120
i 102 « 20x 100 goes
=6705%
‘Thus the efficiency isthe least of Eqs,
8. Design a triple riveted
to connect two plates 20,
100 MPa and allowable shear and compressive stresses forthe rivet m:
Sketch the designed joint showi
55 MPa and 110 MPa resp.
dimensions and calculate the
5.90/81, Diy
ZB
Fig. 716: Probiom 8
Solution: =20 mm, 6,= 100 MPa, 0, = 110 MPa, += 55 MPa,
1. Type of joi
‘Number of rivets in double sheat, ny =n =3
ted double trap—equal co
_epgst Di
RretedardWeldedons sop
20mm (data)
sameterofivet hole: From Unwin’ formuls fort> 8mm, wehave
= 6325vE 511A)! Pg 81, DEB
6925/29 =2828 mm
the standard diameter of rivet hoe,
a =285mm
and the diameter of rivet,
d=d,+15mm, for27mm + 540 4
(0+ 3220)5285 0110. yasg
1235205100
=7348%
ERG)
icieney is the least of Eqs
angen 3, Diameter of rivet hol
a6
=6525/10 =20mm
‘Thusthe standard diameter of veto
d=21 mn
and the diameter of rivet,
Gnd 1mm, fort2mmsés 24mm
dy221-1=20mm
4th ofthe rivets:
2. Optimum pl
plates are used, th
of thickness 10 mm. Thepit
igle shear is twice the p
double shear. The design stress.
‘materials of the main plate and the rivets areas follows:
Paty Pet te
= Eee :
5.1210) Pg 81, DHB
(141875 04) 020 80 594g, 1, fromstep 1
pe ax10%120
p=21727 mm me
.Masimompiths | DEB.
Poor =Ayt +41 mm ey
26, fora dobleoner buon! ore
Pi
Eq. (i)
Pras =(6% 10) +4
“Thus the standard pite is the lower value from Ea
ieouterpitch po =101 mm
if
pre =2p er pte p= FS
Since —
1512. Design of Machine Elements | OME 1 ~
(distance between the ws of rivets: For zigzag eel
8 aan
‘The transverse pitch between the outer and inner row,
So
* The transverse row,
515000 P5830,
6. Strap thickness:
+ Thickness of ou
625 «10 =625 mm 5810 768,09
* Thicknessof
,=075¢=0.75 x 10=7.5mm 5.4080,
7. Margin: Margin isealeul
56! P83 0m
8. Efficiency: We know
= Least of ny and ne
+ Tearing or plate efficiency:
Stee,
+ Shearing or rivet efficiency:
- 59(0/P9 81,08
RNBISASREWEIGEAIoints 513
=
=1 for rivets in single shear
= 08614 =86.14% Ego
«+ Failure of plate due to combined action of shearing of rivets in outer row and
rushing of rivets in inner row:
ee EL HO ere n= my 5.9(4)/Pg 80, DHB
[42110160]
T0110 120
Yq
je.n= n= 79.20%.
have to be calculated fora triple riveted zig-zag butt
"Note: Equations (vi to (
joint having unequal cover plates.
‘Problems on Bollor Connections
10. Design a double riveted but j
single cover pl
100 MPa and allowable shear and crushing stresses
forrivets are 70 and 150 MPa respectively
VTU=Dee. 2010-15 Marks
Solution: D = 1000 mm,
1. Type of joint: Bu
chain riveting
Here, number of rivets in single shear, m= 0
“Pgs DEB.
5.UPg79, DHB
Pi
= 131.68%
* Failure due to tearing of plate
1000
te =10mm
1
100% 075 14 Design of Machine Elements | (OME I)
Standard thickness,
t=10mm Th 5.3(c)/Pg 85/ DHB
3. Diameter of rivet hole: From Unwin's formula, for #> 8 mm, we have
d=6325vE
=6325V10 = 20mm 5.11(d)/ Pg 81, DHB
Thus the standard diameter of rivet hole,
d=21mm
and the diameter of rivet,
d=d,+1mm, forl2mm