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Termodinamik 1 - Uygulama 1

The document contains a series of thermodynamics problems and questions related to various applications such as barometric measurements, buoyancy of balloons, piston-cylinder devices, heat generation in classrooms, and more. Each question provides specific parameters and asks for calculations related to pressure, temperature, volume, and energy transfer in different thermodynamic scenarios. The problems are designed for engineering students to apply thermodynamic principles and equations in practical situations.

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63 views41 pages

Termodinamik 1 - Uygulama 1

The document contains a series of thermodynamics problems and questions related to various applications such as barometric measurements, buoyancy of balloons, piston-cylinder devices, heat generation in classrooms, and more. Each question provides specific parameters and asks for calculations related to pressure, temperature, volume, and energy transfer in different thermodynamic scenarios. The problems are designed for engineering students to apply thermodynamic principles and equations in practical situations.

Uploaded by

ali.bayrak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 9th Edition

Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles, Mehmet Kanoglu


McGraw-Hill

Termodinamik I
1. Uygulama
Bölüm 1-2-3-4
Arş. Gör. Emre ARPACİ
Question 1
• The basic barometer can be used to measure the height of a building. If the
barometric readings at the top and at the bottom of a building are 675 and
695 mmHg, respectively, determine the height of the building. Take the
densities of air and mercury to be 1.18 kg/m3 and 13,600 kg/m3,
respectively.
Question 2
• Balloons are often filled with helium gas because it weighs
only about one-seventh of what air weighs under identical
conditions. The buoyancy force, which can be expressed as Fb
= ρairgVballoon, will push the balloon upward. If the balloon
has a diameter of 12 m and carries two people, 85 kg each,
determine the acceleration of the balloon when it is first
released. Assume the density of air is ρ = 1.16 kg/m3, and
neglect the weight of the ropes and the cage.
Question 3
• A gas is contained in a vertical, frictionless piston–cylinder device. The piston has a
mass of 3.2 kg and a cross-sectional area of 35 cm2. A compressed spring above the
piston exerts a force of 150 N on the piston. If the atmospheric pressure is 95 kPa,
determine the pressure inside the cylinder.
Question 4
• Water is pumped from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir by a pump
that provides 20 kW of shaft power. The free surface of the upper
reservoir is 45 m higher than that of the lower reservoir. If the flow rate
of water is measured to be 0.03 m3/s, determine mechanical power that
is converted to thermal energy during this process due to frictional
effects.
Question 5
Consider a classroom for 55 students and one instructor, each generating heat at a rate of 100 W. Lighting is provided by 18
fluorescent lightbulbs, 40 W each, and the ballasts consume an additional 10 percent. Determine the rate of internal heat
generation in this classroom when it is fully occupied.
Question 6

• An automobile moving through the air causes the air velocity (measured with respect to
the car) to decrease and fill a larger flow channel. An automobile has an effective flow
channel area of 3 m2. The car is traveling at 90 km/h on a day when the barometric
pressure is 70 cm of mercury and the temperature is 20°C. Behind the car, the air
velocity (with respect to the car) is measured to be 82 km/h, and the temperature is 20°C.
Determine the power required to move this car through the air and the area of the
effective flow channel behind the car.
Question 7
• Consider a double-fluid manometer attached to an air pipe shown
in Fig. P1–72. If the specific gravity of one fluid is 13.55,
determine the specific gravity of the other fluid for the indicated
absolute pressure of air. Take the atmospheric pressure to be 100
kPa
Question-8
• An insulated rigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a partition. Initially, one
part contains 4 kg of an ideal gas at 800 kPa and 50°C, and the other part is
evacuated. The partition is now removed, and the gas expands into the entire tank.
Determine the final temperature and pressure in the tank.
Question 9 A piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.2 kg of steam at
200 kPa and 300°C. Now, the steam is cooled at constant pressure until
it is at 150°C. Determine the volume change of the cylinder during this
process using the compressibility factor, and compare the result to the
actual value.
Question 10
A 1-m3 tank contains 2.841 kg of steam at 0.6 MPa. Determine the temperature of the
steam, using
(a) the ideal-gas equation,
(b) the van der Waals equation, and
(c) the steam tables.
Question 11

Water initially at 200 kPa and 300°C is contained in a piston–


cylinder device fitted with stops. The water is allowed to cool at
constant pressure until it exists as a saturated vapor and the
piston rests on the stops. Then the water continues to cool until
the pressure is 100 kPa. On the T-v diagram, sketch, with
respect to the saturation lines, the process curves passing
through the initial, intermediate, and final states of the water.
Label the T, P, and v values for end states on the process curves.
Find the overall change in internal energy between the initial
and final states per unit mass of water
Table A-5 doymuş su
Question 12
A frictionless piston–cylinder device initially contains air at 100 kPa and 0.15 m3. At this state, a linear spring
(F ∝ x) is touching the piston but exerts no force on it. The air is now heated to a final state of 0.45 m3 and
800 kPa. Determine (a) the total work done by the air and (b) the work done against the spring. Also, show
the process on a P-V diagram.
Question 13
An insulated rigid tank initially contains 1.4 kg of saturated liquid water at 200°C and air. At this state, 25 percent of the
volume is occupied by liquid water and the rest by air. Now an electric resistor placed in the tank is turned on, and the tank
is observed to contain saturated water vapor after 20 min. Determine
(a) the volume of the tank,
(b) the final temperature, and
(c) the electric power rating of the resistor. Neglect energy added to the air.
Question 14
• A mass of 12 kg of saturated refrigerant-134a vapor is
contained in a piston–cylinder device at 240 kPa. Now 300
kJ of heat is transferred to the refrigerant at constant pressure
while a 110-V source supplies current to a resistor within the
cylinder for 6 min. Determine the current supplied if the final
temperature is 70°C. Also, show the process on a T-v diagram
with respect to the saturation lines.
Question 14
• A mass of 12 kg of saturated
refrigerant-134a vapor is contained in
a piston–cylinder device at 240 kPa.
Now 300 kJ of heat is transferred to
the refrigerant at constant pressure
while a 110-V source supplies current
to a resistor within the cylinder for 6
min. Determine the current supplied if
the final temperature is 70°C. Also,
show the process on a T-v diagram
with respect to the saturation lines.
Question 15 1 kg of oxygen is heated from 20 to 120°C. Determine the
amount of heat transfer required when this is done during a (a)
constant-volume process and (b) isobaric process
Question 16 - Complete this table for refrigerant-134a:
a) T=20 C
if u < uf we have compressed liquid
if uf ≤ u ≤ ug we have saturated mixture
if u > ug we have superheated vapor

b) Saturated liq. = Values are in table


c) P=400 kPa u = 300 kj/kg d) In this case the temperature and pressure are given, but again we cannot tell which table
if u > ug to use to determine the missing properties because we do not know whether we have
we have superheated vapor, saturated mixture, compressed liquid, or superheated vapor. To determine the region we are
and T=86.25 C from table A-13 in, we go to the saturation table (Table A–12) and determine the saturation temperature
value at the given pressure. At 600 kPa, we have Tsat = 21.55°C. We then compare the given T
value to this Tsat value, keeping in mind that
if T < Tsat @ given P we have compressed liquid
if T = Tsat @ given P we have saturated mixture
if T > Tsat @ given P we have superheated vapor
• Question 17- A 4-m × 5-m × 7-m room is heated by the radiator of a
steam-heating system. The steam radiator transfers heat at a rate of
10,000 kJ/h, and a 100-W fan is used to distribute the warm air in the
room. The rate of heat loss from the room is estimated to be about
5000 kJ/h. If the initial temperature of the room air is 10°C,
determine how long it will take for the air temperature to rise to 20°C.
Assume constant specific heats at room temperature.
Question-18 Two rigid tanks are connected by a valve. Tank A contains 0.2
m3 of water at 400 kPa and 80 percent quality. Tank B contains 0.5 m3 of
water at 200 kPa and 250°C. The valve is now opened, and the two tanks
eventually come to the same state. Determine the pressure and the
amount of heat transfer when the system reaches thermal equilibrium with
the surroundings at 25°C.
Question-19. Consider an 18-m-diameter hot-air balloon that, together with its
cage, has a mass of 120 kg when empty. The air in the balloon, which is now
carrying two 85-kg people, is heated by propane burners at a location where the
atmospheric pressure and temperature are 93 kPa and 12°C, respectively.
Determine the average temperature of the air in the balloon when the balloon
first starts rising. What would your response be if the atmospheric air
temperature were 25°C ?

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