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The document contains a series of questions related to thermodynamics, specifically focusing on standard enthalpy changes, reactions involving calcium and water, and the application of Hess's Law. It includes calculations for heat released and enthalpy changes for various chemical reactions, as well as the construction of balanced equations. The document is structured around past exam questions for students to practice their understanding of these concepts.

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18 views2 pages

Copy of Worksheet 5.4

The document contains a series of questions related to thermodynamics, specifically focusing on standard enthalpy changes, reactions involving calcium and water, and the application of Hess's Law. It includes calculations for heat released and enthalpy changes for various chemical reactions, as well as the construction of balanced equations. The document is structured around past exam questions for students to practice their understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

jhoshna.m
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Worksheet 5.

4 PYQ

[AS 2003]

Q: 3 (a) (i) What is meant by the standard enthalpy change of formation, ∆ Hf, of a compound?

(ii) Explain what is meant by the term standard.

(iii) Write an equation, with state symbols, for the ∆Hf of water.

(iv) Explain why the ∆Hf for water is identical to the standard enthalpy change of
combustion of hydrogen.

[3]

(b) When calcium is placed in water, aqueous calcium hydroxide is formed and hydrogen is
given off.

(i) Write the equation for the reaction of calcium with water.

(ii) When 1.00g of calcium is placed in 200g of water, the temperature increases by 12.2°C
when the reaction is completed. Specific heat capacity of water, c is 4.2J g-1 °C -1.

Calculate the heat released in the experiment.

(iii) Calculate the enthalpy change of reaction in kJ mol-1 for your equation in b (i).

[4]

(c) (i) State Hess’s Law.

(ii) Use Hess’ law and your result in (b) (iii) to calculate the ∆Hf of Ca(OH)2 (aq). You
also need the ∆Hf of water which is - 286kJ mol-1.

[4]

(iii) Calculate the volume of hydrogen, measured at room temperature and pressure,
liberated in the experiment described in (b) (ii). [2]

[AS 2011]

Q 3: For some chemical reactions, such as the thermal decomposition of potassium


hydrogencarbonate, KHCO3, the enthalpy change of reaction cannot be measured directly.

In such cases, the use of Hess’ Law enables the enthalpy change of reaction to be calculated
from the enthalpy changes of other reactions.

(a) State Hess’ Law. [2]


In order to determine the enthalpy change for the thermal decomposition of potassium
hydrogencarbonate, two separate experiments were carried out.

• experiment 1

30.0cm3 of 2.00mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid (an excess) was placed in a conical flask and
the temperature recorded as 21.0°C. When 0.0200mol of potassium carbonate, K2CO3, was
added to the acid and the mixture stirred with a thermometer, the maximum temperature
recorded was 26.2°C.

(b) (i) Construct a balanced equation for this reaction.

(ii) Calculate the quantity of heat produced in experiment 1, stating your units.

Use relevant data from the Data Booklet and assume that all solutions have the
same specific heat capacity as water.

(iii) Use your answer to (ii) to calculate the enthalpy change per mole of K2CO3.

Give your answer in kJ mol-1 and include a sign in your answer.

(iv) Explain why the hydrochloric acid must be in an excess.

[4]

• experiment 2

The experiment was repeated with 0.0200mol of potassium hydrogencarbonate,


KHCO3.All other conditions were the same. In the second experiment, the temperature fell
from 21.0°C to 17.3°C.

(c) (i) Construct a balanced equation for this reaction.

(ii) Calculate the quantity of heat absorbed in experiment 2.

(iii) Use your answer to (ii) to calculate the enthalpy change per mole of KHCO3. Give
your answer in kJ mol-1 and include a sign in your answer.

[3]

(d) When KHCO3 is heated, it decomposes into K2CO3, CO2 and H2O.

• 2KHCO3 → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

Use Hess’ Law and your answers to (b) (iii) and (c) (iii) to calculate the enthalpy change
for this reaction. Give your answer in kJ mol-1 and include a sign in your answer.

[2]

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