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Concept of Stress Part 6

A pressure vessel is designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure, with key assumptions including thin walls, uniform internal pressure, and ignoring end effects. The document discusses stress assumptions for cylindrical and spherical vessels, emphasizing axial and hoop stresses. It also addresses the effects of external pressure and provides a problem example related to the maximum height of water in a cylindrical storage tank.

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Adarsh Kumar Meher
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5 views18 pages

Concept of Stress Part 6

A pressure vessel is designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure, with key assumptions including thin walls, uniform internal pressure, and ignoring end effects. The document discusses stress assumptions for cylindrical and spherical vessels, emphasizing axial and hoop stresses. It also addresses the effects of external pressure and provides a problem example related to the maximum height of water in a cylindrical storage tank.

Uploaded by

Adarsh Kumar Meher
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is a pressure vessel?

Pressure Cooker

thebluffgolflinks.com
Wikipedia
Key Assumptions
1. Wall Thinness:
The wall is assumed to be very thin compared to the other dimensions of the vessel. If the thickness is t and a
characteristic dimension is R, (for example, the radius of the cylinder or sphere) we assume that,

2. Symmetries:

In cylindrical vessels, the geometry and the loading are cylindrically symmetric.
In spherical vessels, the geometry and the loading are spherically symmetric.
Assumptions continued
3. Uniform Internal Pressure :

The internal pressure, denoted by p, is uniform and everywhere positive. If the vessel is also
externally pressurized, for example subject to atmospheric pressure, p is defined by subtracting the
external pressure from the internal one, a difference called gauge pressure.

4. Ignoring End Effects :

Features that may affect the symmetry assumptions are ignored. This includes supports and
cylinder end caps. The assumption is that disturbances of the basic stress state are confined to
local regions and may be ignored in basic design decision such as picking up the thickness away
from such regions.
Cylindrical Vessels ::Wall Stress Assumptions

E
B
F
A
Cylindrical Vessels ::Wall Stress Assumptions
Cylindrical Vessels ::Wall Stress Assumptions
Cylindrical Vessels ::Wall Stress Assumptions
Cylindrical Vessels ::Wall Stress Assumptions
Cylindrical Vessels ::Wall Stress Assumptions
Cylindrical Vessels ::Wall Stress Assumptions
Cylindrical Vessels ::Wall Stress Assumptions
Cylindrical Vessels ::Wall Stress Assumptions
Cylindrical Vessels :: Hoop Stress
Cylindrical Vessels :: Axial Stress
Spherical Vessels :: Wall Stress Assumptions
Summary

❑Symmetric pressure vessels have only two components of stress- axial (σxx) and hoop (σθθ)
❑For cylinder

❑For sphere

❑Stress on the cylinder does not depend on the length


Negative pressure

❑Some pressure vessels like submarine are subjected to external pressure


❑Formulae derived in this lecture are valid (to certain extent) also for these cases
❑Certain extent → buckling becomes important!
Problem-1
The unpressurized cylindrical storage tank shown has a 5-mm wall thickness and is made of steel
having a 400-MPa ultimate strength in tension. Determine the maximum height h to which it can be
filled with water if a factor of safety of 4.0 is desired. (Density of water 1000 kg/m3.)

[h= 12.76m]

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