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Science Unit 1 P4

The document explains the concept of machines, defining them as devices that make work easier by increasing force, distance, or changing the direction of force. It categorizes machines into simple machines, which include six types such as wheel and axle, wedge, lever, inclined plane, pulley, and screw, and complex machines, which are combinations of simple machines. Examples of complex machines include scissors, bulldozers, wheelbarrows, and bicycles.

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8 views6 pages

Science Unit 1 P4

The document explains the concept of machines, defining them as devices that make work easier by increasing force, distance, or changing the direction of force. It categorizes machines into simple machines, which include six types such as wheel and axle, wedge, lever, inclined plane, pulley, and screw, and complex machines, which are combinations of simple machines. Examples of complex machines include scissors, bulldozers, wheelbarrows, and bicycles.

Uploaded by

dewi.kristina.chandra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1 Technology and The Design Process

Machine
Machine is any device that makes work easier. (In science, work means the use of a force to move
an object across a distance).
Machines make work easier:
a. by increasing the amount of force that is applied,

When you turn a steering wheel, it causes the


smaller steering column in the center of the wheel
to turn. The steering column turns a shorter
distance but with greater force. The force
applied by the steering column is great enough to
turn the wheels of the car.

When you press together the two handles of the


pliers, it causes the other ends of the handles to
squeeze an object, such as the cord in this photo.
The squeezing ends move a shorter distance but
with greater force, so the pliers squeeze the
object harder than you could with your fingers
alone.

b. increasing the distance over which the force is applied,


When the woman applies force to the handle end
of the rake, she moves it over a short distance.
The other end of the rake moves over a greater
distance but with less force. By covering a
greater distance, the rake can do more work than
the woman could do with her hands alone.

When a carpenter moves the handle of the


hammer back and forth a short distance with
strong force, the head of the hammer moves a
greater distance back and forth against the nail
but with less force. By repeatedly hitting the nail,
the hammer drives the nail into the board.
c. or changing the direction in which the force is applied.

When the user of the hammer pushes down on the


handle, the claw of the hammer pulls up on the
nail. The hammer changes the direction of the
force. It also applies greater force over a smaller
distance.

The rope on a flagpole wraps around the pulley.


When a person pulls down on one end of the rope,
the other end of the rope pulls up on the flag.
However, the pulley doesn’t change the strength
of the force or distance over which it is applied.

There are generally two types of machines: simple and complex machine.

A. Simple Machine
Simple machine is device that have just one or two parts which make work easier.

There are 6 kinds of simple machines:

1. Wheel and axle

 A wheel is attached to a bar so that they rotate together.


 Wheel and axle can be used to move a load easier.
 Examples: doorknob, roller skates, toy car, dumbbell.
2. Wedge

 An object that is thick at one edge, tapered to a thin edge at the other.
 As a wedge is pushed through material such as wood or food, it cuts or splits the
material.
 Examples: axe, knife, nail, fork

3. Lever

 A straight bar that pivots on or around a fulcrum.


 Lever allows a small force to lift or move a heavy weight.
 Examples: seesaw, crowbar
4. Inclined plane

 A flat surface with one end higher than the other.


 It connects a lower level to a higher level. It is commonly used to raise or lower heavy
objects. Less force is needed to move an object over a longer distance,
 Examples: ramp, dump truck, slide

5. Pulley

wheel
Chain, belt, or rope

 A pulley consists of chain, belt, or rope wrapped around a wheel.


 A pulley can decrease the amount of force needed to move an object. It can also
change the direction of the force applied.
 Example: mini blinds, flagpole,
6. A screw

 An inclined plane that is wrapped around a cylinder/ center post.


 Screws can be used to hold things together and to raise and lower things.
 Example: drill, jar lid, spiral staircase

B. Complex Machine
Complex machine s made up of two or more simple machines that make your work easier to do.
Here are some examples of complex machine.
1. A pair of scissors is a compound machine that is made of two wedges and two levers.

2. A bulldozer is made up of levers, wedge and wheel and axle.


3. A wheelbarrow consists of two simple machines: lever and wheel and axle. It is
used to carry heavy load.

4. A bicycle is made up of screw, pulley, lever and wheel and axle.

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