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Quiz 1 English Ii

The document discusses the influence of gender stereotypes on long-term incidental memory, highlighting how societal norms shape children's perceptions of gender roles from birth. It reviews several studies demonstrating that exposure to gender-stereotypical images affects academic performance and memory recall in both genders. The findings suggest that while basic memory abilities are similar, gender schemas significantly influence how information is processed and remembered.

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5 views4 pages

Quiz 1 English Ii

The document discusses the influence of gender stereotypes on long-term incidental memory, highlighting how societal norms shape children's perceptions of gender roles from birth. It reviews several studies demonstrating that exposure to gender-stereotypical images affects academic performance and memory recall in both genders. The findings suggest that while basic memory abilities are similar, gender schemas significantly influence how information is processed and remembered.

Uploaded by

valeriaacevedo003
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ENGLISH 2 QUIZ 1

NAME: Valeria Acevedo


DATE 30113901

The Influence of Gender on Long-Term Incidental


Memory
A baby is born, and almost instantaneously, assigned to a life of stereotypical gender identity.
The female is described as a “precious baby girl” and is given a little pink hat and wrapped in a
pink blanket. The male is a “strong and healthy boy” and adorned in blue. Many children will
spend their lives exposed to basic gender stereotypes. The girl “should” play with dolls and she
“should play with toys like a house. The boy “should” like sports, play with fire trucks and
weapons. By the time the child has grown up and gone through schooling, gender typical
stereotypes are engrained within them, even if they personally do not submit to the stereotypes
(i.e., most people “know” women wear lipstick and high heels and men like cars and watch
football). Such gender-stereotypical images are so embedded within society that the
stereotypical exposure even influences everyday life (e.g., men fixing things and women grocery
shopping). Individuals are exposed to gender stereotypes not only in daily interactions, but from
mediums that pervade every society., children learn what it means to be a certain gender and in
a stereotypical manner.
1st. study. Gender stereotyping impacts many aspects of life. Good, Woodzicka, and Wingfield
(2010) examined how stereotypes influenced performance in school. Freshman and sophomore
high school students, age 13 to 17, were exposed to gender-stereotypical and counter-
stereotypical images added to excerpts from their science textbooks (Good et al., 2010). Good
found that when females saw images of female scientists (counter-stereotypical) in their science
books, they performed at a higher level than when using the same science textbook with male-
stereotypical images. There was a corresponding finding for males viewing images of male
scientist. Simply viewing stereotypical and atypical photos in a science text changed how
students of each gender performed with regard to the material contained therein.
2nd study. Few differences are found in basic memory abilities between genders, however,
gender stereotypes do affect memory as Herrmann et al. (1992) showed in a study utilizing
shopping lists. Hermann et al. (1992) had 48 undergraduate participants, age 18 to 23,
intentionally remember shopping lists with specific titles (e.g., Groceries or Hardware Store) as
the only difference. Females recalled more items from the grocery list and males recalled more
items from the hardware list (Herrmann et al., 1992). Although female and male memory
appears similar, researchers have identified and continue to investigate differences that exist
between the two.

3rd study. Signorella, Bigler, and Liben (1997) researched children’s memory in relation to their
gender. A meta-analysis of memory research indicated children’s gender schemas showed a
gender-congruent bias in delayed memory (Signorella et al., 1997) also found first and second
grade children’s attitudes informed their memories. They tested recognition memory with
pictures of female and male individuals in stereotypical and atypical occupations. They
measured each participant for gender-stereotyped attitudes utilizing a previously published
measure adapted for the purposes of their study. The measure indicated what each child
believed only males could do, only females could do, and what both genders could do Children
were shown pictures of individuals in gender-traditional, gender-nontraditional, and gender-
neutral occupations and were later asked to identify which images had been seen previously .
Children who scored higher on gender stereotyping recognized more gender-traditional pictures
than non-traditional Gender related memory appeared higher in the children who hold more
gender stereotypical beliefs.

Humans have multiple ways of processing information and categorizing perceptions. One way is
through the use of heuristics (i.e., rules of thumb) to categorize information for storage . Bem
(1981) explains schemas as a memory tool individuals use to better assign meaning to particular
information. A person with a particular gender schema processes and codes information
congruent with sex and gender related information. They discussed, the human mind
categorizes information for ease of recall. Schematic categories are the first steps to organizing
memories. (Valian, 2005). Here, Valian (2005) points out individuals are not necessarily sexist
when using gender categories to organize and process information, but rather vulnerable to the
accessibility of such schemas in memory. Gender schemas are used to help organize
information for later recall, as are other gender related processes.

1. WHAT DO THESE WORDS REFER TO? (7 ptos)

1. Their (line 3)
2. Them (line 6)
3 They (line 17)
4. The two (line 27)

1. Refers to the children. This means that the children will be exposed to these stereotypes
throughout their lives.
2. "Them" is used as a pronoun to refer to children who have been exposed to these
stereotypes from birth and throughout their development.
3. Refers to the females. His means that the females performed better when they saw
images of female scientists.
4. It refers to both genders, that is, men and women. This means that, even though the
memory of men and women seems similar, researchers have found and continue to study
differences between both genders.

2. CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES FROM ACTIVE TO PASSIVE


FORM(6Ptos)

A. Scientists investigate the cure for cancer

The cure for cancer is investigated by scientists.

b. Gender sterotyping is impacting many aspects of life


Many aspects of life are being impacted by gender stereotyping.

c. Females recalled more items from the grocery list


More items from the grocery list were recalled by females
3. .- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN SPANISH (8ptos)

1. How does medium affect gender stereotypes? Explain

The media plays a major role in perpetuating and reinforcing gender stereotypes. It is mentioned
that children are exposed to gender stereotypes not only in everyday interactions, but also through
the media that permeates all societies. This implies that media, such as television, movies,
advertising and social media, often portray stereotypical gender roles and behaviors, which can
influence children's perceptions and expectations about what it means to be a certain gender.The
media plays a major role in forming and reinforcing gender stereotypes, and that exposure to
stereotypical media can influence people's beliefs and behaviors.

2. Are male and female memory identical? Explain. Support your answer.

Male and female memory are not identical. While the text acknowledges that few differences are found in
basic memory abilities between genders, it emphasizes that gender stereotypes can significantly impact
memory performance.
The study by Hermann et al. (1992) In this study,. The results showed that females recalled more items
from the grocery list, while males recalled more items from the hardware list. This suggests that gender
stereotypes, which often associate women with domestic tasks like grocery shopping and men with
construction or hardware-related activities, can influence memory performance.
3. How does gender schema can work on memory? In what way? Explain

4. How do authors relate gender stereotypes and memory in children?

4. WHAT´S THE FUNCTION OF THE ING WORD IN THE SENTENCE

A. Men fixing things and women groccery shopping (paragraph 1. Line


11)

B. Using the same science textbook (paragraph II. L


17)

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