23. A point G is 25 mm below HP and is situated in the third quadrant.

Its shortest distance from the

intersection of XY and X1Y1 is 45mm. Draw its projections and find its distance from VP.
24. A point A is 40 mm infront of VP and is situated in the fourth quadrant. Its shortest distance from
the intersection of XY and X1Y1 is 45mm. Draw its projections. Also find its distance from HP.
25. A point A is 20mm above HP and is in the first quadrant. Its shortest distance from XY line is
40mm. Draw the projections. Determine its distance from VP.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

ME 111 Engineering Graphics

Projections of Lines
Case I: A line is parallel to both HP and VP
1. Draw projections of a line PQ measures 70 mm is parallel to both HP and VP. The point P is 20 mm above HP
and 15 mm in front of VP.

Case II: A line is perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP

2. Draw projections of a line MN measures 65 mm is perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP. The point M is 10
mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP.

Case III: A line is perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP

3. A line PQ measures 60 mm is perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP. The point P is 15 mm above HP and 10
mm in front of VP. Draw its projections.

Case IV: A line is inclined to HP and parallel to VP

4. A line AB measures 65 mm is inclined at 30  to HP and parallel to VP. The point A is 10 mm above HP and
20 mm in front of VP. Draw its projections.

Case V: A line is inclined to VP and parallel to HP

5. Draw projections of a line MN measures 65 mm is inclined at 45 to VP and parallel to HP. The point M is
20 mm above HP and 10 mm in front of VP.

Case VI: A line is inclined to both HP and VP

6. A line PQ is inclined to HP at 300 and 450 to VP and measures 70 mm. The point P is 20 mm above HP and 15
mm in front of VP. Draw its projections.
7. Draw the projections of a line AB, l00 mm long inclined at 300 to HP and 450 to VP. The end A of the line is
20 mm above HP and 25 mm infront of VP. The line slopes upward forward right from A to B.
8. A line AB 80 mm long has its end A both in HP and VP, and inclined at 30 0 to HP and 450 to VP. Draw the
projections of the line AB. Find the apparent inclinations of the top and front views with the XY line. Also
measure the distance between the end projectors.
9. A line PQ 75 mm long has its end P in VP and the end Q in HP. The line is inclined at 30 0 to HP and 600 to
VP. Draw its projections.
10. A line has its end A, 15 mm above HP and 10 mm infront of VP. The end B is 55 mm above HP and the line
is inclined at 300 to HP. The distance between the end projectors when measured parallel to the XY line is 50
mm. Draw the projections of the line. Determine the true length of the line and its inclination with VP.
11. A line AB is 90 mm long. It is inclined at 450 to HP. Its front view measures 70 mm. The end A is 15 mm
above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. The B end is higher than the end A. Draw the projections of the line AB.
Determine: (i) its inclination with VP and (ii) the length of its top view.
12. The top view of a line PQ, 75 mm long measures 50 mm. The end P is 30 mm infront of VP and 15 mm above
HP. The end Q is 15 mm infront VP and above HP. Draw the projections of the line PQ and find its true
inclinations with HP and VP.
13. The top view pq of a straight line is 70 mm long and makes an angle of 600 with the XY line. The point Q is
10 mm in front of VP and 30 mm above HP. The difference between the distances of P and Q above the HP is
45 mm. Draw the projections. Determine its true length and true inclinations
14. A line PQ has its end P, 15 mm above HP and 10 mm in front of VP. The end Q is 55 mm above HP and the
line is inclined at 300 to HP. The distance between the end projectors of the line when measured parallel to the
line of intersection of HP and VP is 50 mm. Draw the projections of the line and find its inclination with VP.
15. The front view of a line 90 mm long is inclined at 450 to the XY line, a'b' being 65 mm long. a' is 15 mm
above the XY line. The end A is in VP. Draw the projections of the line and find its inclinations with HP and
VP.

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16. A line having one of its end 10 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP is inclined at 30° to HP and 45 0 to
VP. Its top view is 50 mm long. Draw the projections of the line and find out its true length.
17. The distance between the projectors passing through the end points of a line AB along the XY line is 40 mm.
The end A is 20 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The end B is 45 mm in front of VP. The line AB
appears to be 65 mm long in the front view. Complete the projections. Find the true length of the line and its
inclinations with HP and VP.
18. A line AB is 80mm long. The end A is touching VP and 10 mm above HP. The end B is 50 mm infront of VP
and 40 mm above HP. Draw the projections of the line AB and find the distance between the end projectors
when measured parallel to the line of intersection of HP and VP. Also find the inclination of the line with HP
and VP.

Case VII: A line with Arbitrary point

19. The mid point of a line AB is 60 mm above HP and 50 mm infront of VP. The line measures 80mm and is
inclined at 300 to HP and 450 to VP. Draw its projections.
20. The projections of a line measuring 80 mm in the top view and 70 mm in the front view. The mid point of the
line is 45 mm in front of VP and 35 mm above HP. One end is 10 mm in front of VP and nearer to it. The
other end is nearer to HP. Draw the projections of the line, find the true length and true inclinations.
21. A line AB is 90mm long its midpoint M being 50mm above HP and 40 mm infront of VP. The end A is 20mm
above HP and 10mm infront of VP. Draw its projections.
22. A line PQ measures 120mm, its top and front views measure 80mm and 96mm respectively. The line is tilted
about a point R on the line which divides it in the ratio of 1:2. i.e., PR:RQ=1:2. The point R is at distance of
60mm from both the planes. Draw the projections. Find the distances of ends P and Q from HP and VP.
23. The end A of a line is 20mm infront of VP and 25mm above HP. The line is inclined 450 to HP. The front
view length is 65mm. The top view of the line is inclined at 300 to VP. Draw the projections.
24. One end of the line AB is 15mm above HP and 10mm infront of VP. The line is inclined at 30 0 to VP and 450
to HP. The distance between end projectors is 40mm. Draw the projections.
25. A line AB is 75mm long. The top view ab of this line measures 50mm. The midpoint of this line is 60mm
infront of VP and 75mm above HP. The end B is 40mm infront of VP. Draw the projections.

Case VII: Practical Problems

26. A room is 5 m X 3 m X 4 m high. An electric lamp is suspended vertically from the centre of the ceiling at a
distance of 0.8m from it. Find the distance of the lamp from anyone of the ground corners and slope angle of
the connecting line with the ground.
27. A room is 5 m long, 4 m wide and 4.5 m high. A fan is suspended vertically from the centre of the ceiling at a
distance of 0.75 m from it. Find the distance of the fan from anyone of the ground corners and the slope angle
of the connecting line with the ground.
28. A room is 5 m x 4 m x 3 m high. Determine graphically the length of the diagonal of the space choosing a
suitable scale.
29. An auditorium of a college is having 100 m length, 50 m width and 20 m height. One of the light points is
fitted at the centre of the roof, and its switch is kept on one of the side walls of the auditorium, 3.5 m above
the floor and 10 m from one of the adjacent walls. Find the distance between the light point and its switch.
30. One end of a pole 4 meter long rests against a wall and the other on the top of a box. The box is 1 metre high.
The pole makes 400 with the top of the box and 250 with the wall. Draw the projections and find the height of
the end of the pole which rests against the wall. Scale 1:50.
31. A divider opened at 45° is so placed on the ground such that both the ends are equidistant from VP and the
hinged end is 50 mm above the ground and nearer to VP. If the distance between the ends is 80 mm, draw the
projections and determine the true lengths of the legs of the divider. Also determine the inclinations of each
leg with the reference planes.
32. Three vertical poles AB, CD and EF are respectively 2 m, 4 m and 8 m long. Their ends B, D and F are on the
ground and form the comers of an equilateral triangle of 5 m long sides Determine graphically the distances
between the top ends of the poles, namely AC, CE AE, also the inclination of these with the ground. Scale 1 :
50.
33. A chimney of a boiler is 10 m high and 2 m in diameter. This chimney is supported by guy wires which
appear in top view at 120° to each other. The ends of the wires are pegged to the ground at distances of 3 m, 4
m and 5 m from the centre of the chimney. The other ends the wire are connected to the top of the chimney.
Find the length of the three guy wires.
34. A straight road going uphill from a point A due East to an another point B, is 4 km long and has a slope of
15°. Another straight road from B, due 30° East of North, to a point C is also 4 km long but is on a level
ground. Determine the length and slope of the straight road joining the points A and C .Take a scale 1: 400.
35. Two oranges on a tree are respectively 1.8 meter and 3 metre above the ground, and 1.2 meter and 2.1 meter
from a 0.3 meter thick wall but on the opposite sides of it. The distance between the ranges measured along
the ground and parallel to the wall is 2.7 meter. Determine the real distance between the oranges. Use a
suitable scale.
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36. FV of line AB makes 450 angle with XY line and measures 60 mm. Line’s TV makes 300 with XY line. End A
is 15 mm above Hp and it’s VT is 10 mm below HP. Draw projections of line AB, Determine inclinations with HP
& VP and locate HT, VT.
37. Projectors drawn from HT and VT of a line B are 30mm apart and those drawn from it's ends are 50mm apart.
End A is 10mm above HP, VT is 35mm below HP while its HT is 45mm infront of VP. Draw projections, locate
traces and find TL of line and inclinations with HP and VP.
38. A line AB has its ends A&B 45mm and 20mm infront of VP respectively. The end projectors of the line AB
when measured parallel to the line of intersection of HP and VP are 50mm apart. The HT of the line is 10mm
infront of VP. The line AB is inclined at 350 to HP. Draw the projections of the line AB and locate VT. Find the
distance of the line from HP and the inclination of the line with VP.
39. Two pipes emerge from a common tank. The pipe PQ is 150 m long and bears S58 0E on a downward slope of
200. The pipe PR is 120 m long and bears N650E on a downward slope of 100. Determine the length of pipe
required to connect Q and R.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

ME 111 Engineering Graphics
Projections of Plane Surfaces
Case 1: Lamina is resting with one of its edges or sides on HP and its surface is inclined to HP:
x y

Equilateral Square Pentagon Hexagon Rectangle Right angle Isosceles Semi-circular

Triangle Triangle Triangle

Case 2: Lamina is resting with one of its corners on HP and its surface is inclined to HP:
x y

Equilateral Square Pentagon Hexagon Rectangle Isosceles Circular Semi-circular

Triangle Triangle

Case 3: Lamina is resting with one of its edges or sides in VP and its surface is inclined to VP:
Equilateral Square Pentagon Hexagon Rectangle Right angle Isosceles Semi-circular
Triangle Triangle Triangle

x y

Case 4: Lamina is resting with one of its corners in VP and its surface is inclined to VP:
Equilateral Square Pentagon Hexagon Rectangle Isosceles Circular Semi-circular
Triangle Triangle

x y