Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

1. Which is a pair of paramagnetic species?

(a) KO , NO2 (b) K O , KO
2 2 2 (c) K O, NO
2 2 (d) NO , N O
2 2 2 2

Answer: (a)
In KO , O → (superoxide) has one unpaired electron and NO
2
−
2 2

also has one unpaired electron. Thus, KO and NO are 2 2

paramagnetic.

2. Hybridization involves:
(a) Addition of electron pair (b)Mixing of atomic orbitals
(c) Removal of electrons (d)Separation of orbitals
Answer: (b)
Hybridization is mixing up of orbitals of nearly same
energy giving rise to the formation of entirely new orbitals
(hybridized orbitals) equal in number of mixing orbitals
and identical in shape and energy.

3. Among the interhalide species: IF ,IF ,IF and IF

Θ
2 3
Θ
4 7

(a) All iodine centres are either sp d or sp d hybridised

3 3 2

(b) The minimum angular separation between fluorine

atoms is 60°

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 (c) The anionic species are both isoelectronic and
isostructural to XeF and XeF 2 4

(d) There is no species having a single lone pair of

electrons
Answer: (c)
Hybridisation and structure of IF → sp d & linear –
2
3

Hybridisation and structure of XeF → sp d & linear 2

3

So Both XeF and IF are isostructural and isoeletronic

2
–
2

Hybridisation and structure of IF → sp d & square Planar

–
4
3 2

Hybridisation and structure of XeF → sp d & square Planar

4
3 2

⇒ Both XeF and IF are isoelectronic and isostructural.

4
–
4

4. L In compound O SC(NH ) , the geometry around the S, N,

2 2 2

and number of resonating structure are respectively -

(a) trigonal planar, trigonal pyramidal and three
(b) tetrahedral, pyramidal and two
(c) trigonal planar, tetrahedral and three
(d) linear, pyramidal and three
Answer: (a)
–
O O O ⊕ NH2
NH2 ⊕ NH2
S=C ↔ S–C ↔ – S – C NH
O NH2 O NH2 O 2

5. LiF is least soluble among the fluorides of alkali metals,

because
(a) smaller size Li impart significant covalent character in
+

LiF
2
 (b) the hydration energies of Li and F are quite higher
+ –

(c) lattice energy of LiF is quite higher due to the smaller

size of Li and F
+ –

(d) LiF have strong polymeric network in solid

Answer: (c)
The small size of both Li and F ion leads to a very high
+ –

value of lattice energy and thus crystal of LiF is very

difficult to break.

6. Which of the following cannot represent the resonance

forms for diamagnetic N2O?
(a) N N O (b) N N O (c) N N O (d) N O N

Answer: (d)
In (d) the arrangement of the atom is different.

7. Most favourable conditions for the formation of ionic

bonds are-
(a) large cation and small anion
(b) large cation and large anion
(c) small cation and small anion
(d) small cation and large anion
Answer: (a)
Large cation has lesser polarization power whereas small
anion is lesser polarisable.

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8. Barium ions, CN − and Co+2 form an ionic complex. If this
complex is 75% ionized in aqueous solution with Vant
Hoff factor(i) equal to four and paramagnetic moment is
found to be 1.73 BM(due to spin only) then hybridization
state of Co(II) in the complex will be
(a) sp3d (b) d 2sp3

(c) sp3d 2 (d) dsp3

Answer: (d)
as µ = 1.73, no of unpaired e− = 1 , α of complex =0.75, i=4
Therefore no.of particles in the solution =5 (i = 1 + n − 1 α )

−2
Ba +2  Co CN y  ⇒ Ba x Co CN y 
   2
∴ x = 3 and y=5
Co + 2 Ar 4S0 3d 7 ; e − get paired
∴ dSp3

9. The C – N bond length in the molecules:

H3C CH3
NH2 NH2 N
H3C CH3

CH3
(I) (II) (III) (IV)

is most correctly in the order

(a) II > III > I > IV (b) II > III = I > IV
(c) III > IV > I > II (d)IV > III > IV > I

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Answer: (a)
As the s-character of the hybridized orbital of C-atom
increases, the bond length decreases. A double bond is
shorter than a single bond. Participation of lone pair on N
atom in resonance induces partial double-bond character
between C and N.

10. For a metal ion M the ionic radius = 0.5 Å

3+

Therefore the nature of M O is- 2 3

(a) Acidic (b) Alkaline (c) Amphoteric (d) Neutral

Answer: (c)
The ionic potential φ = 0.5
3
=6M3 +

φM3 + = 2.45

Since 2.2 < φM3 + < 3.2, hence M2O3 is an amphoteric oxide.

11. Which of the following hydrated salts most likely exist at

normal temperature?
(a) LiCl.2H O
2 (b) NaCl . 2H O (c) KCl . 2H O (d) All of
2 2

these
Answer: (a)
Because of the greater φ value of Li ,Li most likely form
+ +

hydrated salts.

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12. Among the following the strongest hydrogen bond is
(a) O–H - - - - - S (b) S–H- - - - -O
(c) F–H- - - - -F (d) O–H- - - - -O
Answer: (c)
F being most electronegative will yield strongest H–bond.

13. The difference of number of sigma bonds and bonds in 1,

3, 5-tricyanobenzene is –
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) zero
Answer: (c)
C≡N
H H

N≡C C≡N

Total no. of π bonds = 9

Total no. σ bonds = 15

14. is an -
I4O9

(a) covalent compound (b) coordinate compound

(c) ionic compound (d) double salt
Answer: (c)
I O actually exist as I(IO )
4 9 3 3 ≡ I3 + + 3IO 3−

6
15. N SiH3 3
has -
(a) sp hybridisation, pyramidal shape
3

(b) sp hybridisation, planar shape

2

(c) sp hybridisation, tetrahedral shape

3

(d) d sp hybridisation, square planar shape

2

Answer: (b)
lp of e s of nitrogen is donated to the vacant d-orbital of Si.
–

16. Which of the following is/are coloured?

(a) SnF 4 (b) SnCl 4 (c) SnBr4 (d) SnI4

Answer: (d)
Because of the charge transfer spectra, SnI is orange in
4

colour.

17. The following graph is given, between total energy and

distance between the two nuclei for species H2+, H2, He2+
& He2, which of the following statements is correct :

7
 E (kcal/mole)
50

He2

1 2 3 4 5
0 r(A)
+
He 2

+
H2

–50

H2

–100

(a) He2+ is more stable than H2+.

(b) Bond dissociation energy of H2+ is more than bond

dissociation energy of He2+.

(c) Since bond orders of He2+ and H2+ are equal hence
both will have equal bond dissociation energy.

(d) Bond length of H2+ is less than bond length of H2.

Answer: (b)
More the negative energy, more is the stability of the
ion/molecule.
H2+ is more stable than He2+.

Bond dissociation energy of H 2+ is more than bond

dissociation energy of He2+ as more energy is released
when H2+ is formed.

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18. The value of electronegativity of atoms A and B are 1.20
and 4.0 respectively. The percentage of ionic character of
A − B bond is:

(a) 43% (b) 50% (c) 55.3% (d) 72.24%

Answer: (d)
∆EN = 4.0 – 1.2 = 2.8

% Ionic Character 2
= 16 ∆EN + 3.5( ∆EN)2 = 16 × 2.8 + 3.5 2.8 = 72.24 %

19. Which compound is highest covalent?

(a) LiF (b) LiCl (c) LiBr (d) LiI
Answer: (d)
LiF LiCl LiBr LiI
Size of Anion ↑
Convalent Character ↑

20. As compared to covalent compounds, electrovalent

compounds generally have:
(a) low melting points and low boiling points
(b) high melting points and high boiling points
(c) low melting points and high boiling points
(d) high melting points and low boiling points
Answer: (b)
Ionic compound has high M.P. and B.P.

21. A simple example of a coordinate covalent bond is

exhibited by:
(a) HCl (b) NH 3(c) C H (d) H SO
2 2 2 4

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Answer: (d)
H2SO4
O

H–O–S–O–H
O

22. Which of the following does not conduct electricity?

(a) Molten NaOH (b) Molten KOH
(c) Solid NaCl (d) Aqueous NaCl
Answer: (c)
In solid state, ionic compounds are bad conductor of
electricity.

23. The geometry of IF is

7

(a) heptagonal (b) octahedral

(c) trigonal bipyramidal (d) Pentagonal bipyramidal
Answer: (d)
b. p. = 7
l.p. = 0
sp d pentagonal bipyramidal.
3 3

24. The correct order of the strength of H-bonds is

(a) H……F > H……O > H………N
(b) H……N > H……O > H………F
(c) H……O > H……N > H………F
(d) H……F > H……N > H………O

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Answer: (a)
[Strength of H-bond ∝ E.N. of Z atom]

25. Phosphorous hydride’s bond angle is closer to 90° while the

bond angle of ammonium hydride is closer to 104.5°.
Among the following, which one explains this structural
feature correctly?
(a) Nitrogen bond pair electron cloud concentrates near the
central atom because of its higher electronegativity,
thus the bond pair – bond pair repulsion increases which
in turn decreases the bond angle in NH3.
(b) Due to larger size of the lone pair electron cloud, there
is larger lone pair – bond pair repulsion in PH3
compared to NH3.
(c) Due to quite high energy difference between 3s and 3p
orbitals, the lone pair on phosphorous prefers to occupy
unhybridized s-orbital rather than hybridized sp3
hybridized orbital which causes its s-orbital energy to
increase.
(d) Phosphorous forms pπ - dπ bonds while nitrogen
doesn’t.
Answer: (c)
The energy difference between 3s and 3p orbitals is quite hi
gh in group 15 and group 16 hydrides (except for NH3 and
H2O).
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