ACTIVE SITE TUTORIALS

Date : 23-07-2019 TEST ID: 129

Time : 16:19:00 CHEMISTRY
Marks : 3916
4.CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

1. The hybrid state of S in S O 3 is similar to that of

a) C∈C H b) C∈C H c) C∈C H d) C∈C O

The hydration energy of M g 2+¿¿ is larger than that of:

2 2 2 4 4 2

2.

a) 3+¿ ¿ b) N a+¿ ¿ c) 2 +¿¿ d) None of these

Al Be
3. Number of lone pair (s) in XeO F 4 is/are

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

4. Van der Waals’ forces between molecules depend upon:

a) Number of b) Charge on nucleus c) Radius of atoms d) All of these

electrons
5. Xe F 6 is:

a) Octahedral

b) Pentagonal pyramidal

c) Planar

d) tetrahedral

The bond order in NO is 2.5 while that in N O is 3. Which of the following statements is
+¿¿
6.
true for these two species?
a) Bond length in N O is greater than in NO
+¿¿

b) Bond length in NO is greater than in N O

+¿¿

c) Bond length in N O is equal to than in NO

+¿¿

d) Bond length is unpredictable

An atom with atomic number 20 is most likely to combine chemically with the atom
whose atomic number is:
7.

a) 11 b) 16 c) 18 d) 10

8. Which has the largest distance between the carbon hydrogen atom?

a) Ethane b) Ethene c) Ethyne d) Benzene

9. Length of hydrogen bond ranges from 2.5Å to:

a) 3.0 Å b) 2.75 Å c) 2.6 Å d) 3.2 Å

10. If H− X bond length is 2.00 Å and H− X bond has dipole moment 5.12 ×10−30 C−m,

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 the percentage of ionic character in the molecule will be
a) 10 % b) 16 % c) 18 % d) 20 %

11. Which molecule is planar?

a) N H b) C H c) C H d) SiC l

12. From the molecular orbital theory, one can show that the bond order in F 2 molecule as
3 4 2 4 4

a) 2 b) 1 c) 3 d) 4

13. Two ice cubes are pressed over each other until they unite to form one block. Which one
of the following forces dominates for holding them together?
a) Dipole-dipole interaction b) Van der Waals’ forces

c) Hydrogen bond formation d) Covalent attraction

14. Maximum number of covalent bonds between two like atoms can be:

a) Three b) Two c) Four d) One

15. When sodium and chlorine react, energy is:

a) Released and ionic bond is formed

b) Released and covalent bond is formed

c) Absorbed and covalent bond is formed

d) Absorbed and ionic bond is formed

16. The maximum possible number of hydrogen bonds is a H 2 O molecule can participate is

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

17. The element having lowest ionisation energy among the following is:

a) 2 2 3 b) 2 2 6 1 c) 2 2 6 d) 2 2 5
1s ,2s 2 p 1s ,2s 2 p ,3s 1s ,2s 2 p 1s ,2s 2 p
18. Bond energies in NO, N O+¿¿ and N O−¿¿ are such as

a) −¿>NO> N O
+¿¿
¿ b) −¿> N O
+¿¿
¿ c) +¿>NO> N O
−¿¿
¿ d) −¿> NO ¿

NO NO> N O NO N O+¿>N O ¿

19. Two type FXF angles are present in which of the following molecules? (X=S, Xe, C)

a) S F b) Xe F c) S F d) C F

20. The bond angle between two hybrid orbitals is 105 ° . The percentage of s-character of
4 4 6 4

hybrid orbital is between

a) 50−55 % b) 9−12 % c) 22−23 % d) 11−12 %

21. Which is electron deficient compound?

a) C H b) B H c) C H d) NaB H

22. CC l 4 is insoluble in water because:

2 4 2 6 2 6 4

a) CC l 4 is non-polar and water is polar

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 b) Water is non-polar and CC l 4 is polar
c) Water and CC l 4 both are polar
d) None of the above

23. Which of the following is not correct regarding the properties of ionic compounds?

a) Ionic compounds have high metling and boiling points

b) Their reaction velocity in aqueous medium is very high

Ionic compounds in their molten and aqueous solutions do not conduct

electricity
c)

d) They are highly soluble in polar solvents

24. The number of sigma and pi ( π ¿ bonds present in benzene respectively are

a) 12, 6 b) 6, 6 c) 6, 12 d) 12, 3

25. Which of the following is not tetrahedral?

a) BF −¿ ¿ b) NH +¿¿ c) CO 2−¿¿ d) SO 2−¿ ¿

26. In PC l 5 molecule, P is:

4 4 3 4

s p -hybridized ds p -hybridized d s p -hybridized s p d -hybridized

a) 3 b) 2 c) 3 d) 3

27. The bond angle and % of d-character in S F6 are

a) 120 ° ,20 % b) 90 ° , 33 % c) 109 ° ,25 % d) 90 ° , 25 %

28. Linear combination of two hybridized orbitals, belonging to two atoms and each having
one electron leads to:
a) Sigma-bond

b) Double bond

c) Coordinate covalent bond

d) Pi-bond

29. In allene structure, three carbon atoms are joined by:

a) Three σ -and three π -bonds

b) Two σ - and one π -bond
c) Two σ -and two π -bonds
d) Three π-bonds only

30. Geometry of SiO44 −¿¿ anion is

a) Tetrahedral b) Trigonal c) Trihedral d) Pentagonal

31. The carbon atom in graphite is:

d) None of these
s p -hybridized s p -hybridized
a) 2 b) 3 c) sp-hybridized

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32. Boron cannot form which one of the following anions?

a) B F 3−¿¿ b) B H −¿¿ c) B (OH )−¿ ¿ d) BO−¿¿

33. If the ionic radii of K +¿ ¿ and F−¿¿ are about 1.34 Å each, then the expected values of
6 4 4 2

atomic radii of K and F should be respectively:

a) 1.34 and 1.34 Å b) 2.31 and 0.64 Å c) 0.64 and 2.31 Å d) 2.31 and 1.34 Å

34. If Z -axis is the molecular axis, then π -molecular orbitals are formed by the overlap of

a) s+ p b) p + p c) p + p d) p + p

35. Which one is the weakest bond?

z x y z z x x

a) Hydrogen b) Ionic c) Covalent d) Metallic

36. The total number of valency electrons for P O3−¿¿

4 ion is:

a) 32 b) 16 c) 28 d) 30

37. The ratio of σ and π -bonds in benzene is:

a) 2 b) 6 c) 4 d) 8

38. The geometry of P F5 molecule is:

a) Planar b) Square planar c) Trigonal d) Tetrahedral

bipyramidal
39. Which one of the following linear structure?
(I) I 3 (II) NO 2
−¿¿ −¿¿

(III) I 3 (IV) S O 2
+¿¿

(V) N
−¿ ¿

a) I, II and III b) I and V c) II, III and IV d) All of these

3

40. According to MO theory, which of the following lists ranks the nitrogen species in terms
of increasing bond order?
a) N −¿< N ¿ 2 b) N −¿< N <N ¿
2−¿< N 2 ¿
c) N 2−¿<N
2
2−¿¿
2 ¿ d) N < N 2−¿<N ¿
−¿< N 2 ¿
2
−¿¿
2

41. The equilateral triangle shape has:

2 2 2 2 2

s p -hybridization s p -hybridization s p d -hybridization

a) sp-hybridization b) 2 c) 3 d) 3

42. Which of the following has fractional bond order?

a) O 2+¿ ¿ b) O 2−¿¿ c) F 2−¿ ¿ d) H −¿ ¿

43. For which of the following hybridization the bond angle is maximum?
2 2 2 2

a) 2 b) sp c) 3 d) 2
sp sp ds p
44. Experiment shows that H 2 O has a dipole moment whereas, C O2 has not. Point out the
structures which best illustrate these facts:

a) b) c) d)

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45. In TeC l 4 , the central atom tellurium involves

s p hybridisation s p d hybridization s p d hybridisation ds p hybridisation

a) 3 b) 3 c) 3 2 d) 2

46. Stability of hydrides generally increases with:

a) Increase in bond angle

b) Decrease in bond angle

c) Decrease in resonance

d) None of these

47. Which of the following is isoelectronic withC O2?

a) N O b) NO c) N O d) N O

48. Which can be described as a molecule with residual bonding capacity?

2 2 2 4

a) N b) C H c) NaCl d) BeC l

49. Lattice energy of an ionic compound depends upon

2 4 2

a) Charge on the ion and size of the ion b) Packing of ions only

c) Size of the ion only d) Charge on the ion only

50. Identify the correct statement from below, concerning the structure of C H 2=C=C H 2

a) The molecule is planar b) One of the three carbon atoms is in an- s p

3

hybridised state
The molecule is non - planar with the twod) All the carbon atoms are sp-hybridized
c) – C H groups being in planes
perpendicular to each other
2

51. (i) H−C−H angle in C H 4

(ii) Cl−B−Cl angle in BC l 3
(iii) F−I −F angle in I F 7 in a plane
(iv) I −I −I angle in I 3
−¿¿

Increasing order of above bond angles is

a) ( i ) < ( ii ) < ( iii ) <(iv) b) ( ii ) < ( i ) < ( iii ) <(iv)

c) ( iii ) < ( i )< ( ii ) <(i v ) d) ( iv ) < (ii ) < ( i )<(iii)

52. Among the following elements, the most electronegative is:

a) Oxygen b) Chlorine c) Nitrogen d) Fluorine

53. Metallic bonds do not play a role in:

a) Brass b) Copper c) Germanium d) Zinc

54. Which p-orbitals overlapping would give the strongest bond?

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 a) b) c) d)

55. H 2 O boils at higher temperature than H 2 S because it is capable of forming:

a) Ionic bonds b) Covalent bonds c) Hydrogen bonds d) Metallic bonds

56. When two atomic orbitals combine, they form:

a) One molecular orbitals

b) Two molecular orbitals

c) Two bonding molecular orbitals

d) Two antibonding molecular orbitals

57. The correct increasing covalent nature is:

a) NaCl< LiCl< BeC l b) BeC l < NaCl < LiCl c) BeC l < LiCl< NaCl d) LiCl < NaCl< BeC l

58. I P1∧I P2 of Mg are 178 and 348 kcal mo l−1. The energy required for the reaction,
2 2 2 2

is:
−¿¿
2+¿+2 e ¿

a) +170 kcal
Mg ⟶ M g
b) +526 kcal c) -170 kcal d) -526 kcal

59. The electronic configuration

can be assigned to
a) O b) O +¿¿ c) O−¿ ¿ d) O 2−¿¿

60. Some of the properties of the two species, N O−¿¿ and H 3 O are described below. Which
2 2 2 2
+¿¿

one of them is correct?

3

a) Dissimilar in hybridization for the central atom with different structure

b) Isostructural with same hybridization for the central atom

c) Isostructural with different hybridization for the central atom

d) Similar is hybridization for the central atom with different structure

61. 6, 6

a) 6, 6 b) 6, 6 c) 6, 6 d) 6, 6

62. Greater the dipole moment:

a) Greater is the ionic nature

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 b) Lesser the polarity

c) Smaller the ionic nature

d) None of these

63. H − B− H bond angle in B H −¿¿

4 is:

a) 180 b) 120 c) 109 d) 90

64. Which of the following molecular orbitals has two nodal planes?

a) σ 2 p b) π 2 p c) π ¿ 2 p d) σ ¿ 2 p

65. The common feature among the species C N −¿,CO ¿ and N O+¿¿ are:
x y y x

a) Bond order three b) Bond order three c) Bond order two and d) Isoelectronic and
and isoelectronic and weak field π-acceptors weak field ligands
ligands
66. Hydrogen bonding is maximum in

a) C H OH b) C H OC H c) ( C H ) C=O d) C H CHO

67. The O — H bond distance in water molecule is:

2 5 3 3 3 2 3

a) 1.0Å b) 1.33 Å c) 0.96 Å d) 1.45 Å

68. O 2+¿ has a bond order of

¿
2

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

69. Which among the following molecules/ ions is diamagnetic?

a) Super oxide ion

b) Oxygen

c) Carbon molecule

d) Unipositive ion of N 2molecule

70. The enolic form of acetone contains

a) 9 sigma bonds, 1 pi bond and two lone pairs

b) 8 sigma bonds, 2 pi bond and two lone pairs

c) 10 sigma bonds, 1 pi bond and one lone pairs

d) 9 sigma bonds, 2 pi bond and one lone pairs

71. Which of the following are isoelectronic and isostructural?

−¿, SO ¿
3
¿
−¿, CO2−¿,ClO 3
¿
NO 3 3

a) NO−¿, CO
2−¿¿
3 ¿ b) S O , NO−¿¿ c) ClO −¿ ,CO 2−¿¿
3 ¿ d) CO 2−¿, S O ¿
3

72. Which of the following is paramagnetic with bond order 0.5?

3 3 3 3 3

a) F b) H +¿¿ c) N d) O−¿ ¿
2 2 2 2

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73. Water has high heat of vaporization due to:

a) Covalent bonding b) H-bonding c) Ionic bonding d) None of these

74. The C – H bond distance is the longest in

a) C H b) C H c) C H B r d) C H

75. If the electronegativity difference between two atoms A and B is 2.0, then the
2 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 4

percentage of covalent character in the molecule is

a) 54% b) 46% c) 23% d) 72%

76. Structure of IC l −¿¿

2 is:

a) Trigonal

b) Octahedral

c) Square planar

d) Distorted trigonal pyramidal

77. Polar covalent compounds are soluble in:

a) Polar solvents b) Non-polar solvents c) Concentrated acids d) All solvents

78. N 2 O is isoelectronic to C O2 and N −¿

3 . Which of the following is the structure of N 2 O?
¿

a) b) N−O−N c) N−O−N d)

79. Which does not show hydrogen bonding?

a) C H OH b) Liquid N H c) H O d) Liquid HBr

80. All bond angles are exactly equal to 109 ° 28 in

2 5 3 2

a) Methyl chloride b) Iodoform

c) Chloroform d) Carbon tetrachloride

81. Which among the following has highest ionic radius?

a) F−¿¿ b) 3+¿ ¿ c) 2−¿¿ d) L i+¿ ¿

B O
82. Zero dipole moment is possessed by

a) PC l b) B F c) Cl F d) N H

83. The number of electrons involved in the bond formation of N 2 molecule

3 3 3 3

a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 10

84. Which one of the following orders is not in according with the property stated against it?

a) F 2>C l 2> B r 2 > I 2 : Electronegativity

b) F 2>C l 2> B r 2 > I 2 : Bond dissociation energy

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 c) F 2>C l 2> B r 2 > I 2 : Oxidising power
d) HI > HBr > HCl> HF : Acidic property in water.
85. What is the dominant intermolecular force or bond that must be overcome in converting
liquid C H 3 OH to a gas?
a) London dispersion force

b) Hydrogen bonding

c) Dipole-dipole interaction

d) Covalent bonds

86. The incorrect statements regarding bonding molecular orbitals because:

Bonding molecular orbitals possess less energy than combining atomic

orbitals.
a)

Bonding molecular orbitals have low electron density between the two
nuclei.
b)

Every electron in bonding molecular orbitals contributes to attraction

between atoms.
c)

They are formed when the lobes of the combining atomic orbitals have
same sign.
d)

87. A coordinate bond is a dative covalent bond. Which of the below is true?

a) Three atom form bond by sharing theirb) Two atoms form bond by sharing their
electrons electrons
c) Two atoms form bond and one of them d) Two atoms form bond by sharing
provides both electrons electrons obtained from third atom.
88. The bond length between C – C bond in s p2 hybridised molecule is

a) 1.2 Å b) 1.39 Å c) 1.33 Å d) 1.54 Å

89. The electronegativity values of C, H, O, N and S are 2.5, 2.1, 3.5, 3.0 and 2.5
respectively. Which of the following bonds is most polar?
a) C — H b) N — H c) S— H d) O — H

90. Which of the following has largest size?

a) Al b) A l +¿¿ c) 2+¿ ¿ d) 3+¿ ¿

Al Al
91. In which of the following, the bond length between hybridised carbon atom and other
carbon atom is minimum?
a) Propyne b) Propene c) Butane d) Propane

92. Which is expected to conduct electricity?

a) Diamond b) Molten sulphur c) Molten KCl d) Crystalline NaCl

93. Metals are good conductors of electricity because they contain

a) Ionic bonds b) A network structure

c) Very few valence electrons d) Free electrons

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94. The species having pyramidal shape is

a) S O b) Br F c) SiO2−¿¿ d) OS F

95. The attraction that non-polar molecules have for each other is primarily caused by:
3 3 3 2

a) Hydrogen bonding

b) Difference in electronegativities

c) High ionisation energy

d) Van der Waals’ forces

96. In HCHO carbon atom has hybridisation:

a) sp b) 2 c) 3 d) None of these
sp sp
97. Which of the following species has four lone pairs of electrons in its outer shell?

a) I b) O−¿ ¿ c) C l −¿ ¿ d) He

98. For AB bond if per cent ionic character is plotted against electronegativity difference
( X A− X B ) ,the shape of the curve would look like

The correct curve is

a) A b) B c) C d) D

99. Chlorine atom, in its third excited state, reacts with fluorine to form a compound X. The
formula and shape of X are
a) Cl F , pentagonal 5

b) Cl F 4 , tetrahedral
c) Cl F 4 , pentagonal bipyramidal
d) Cl F 7, pentagonal bipyramidal
100. The formation of the oxide ion O 2−¿(g)¿ requires first an exothermic and then an
endothermic step as shown below,
O ( g ) +e ⟶ O
−¿(g )¿
; ∆ H =¿−142 kJ /mol
;
2−¿(g) ¿

O−¿ (g )+e ⟶ O ¿
∆ H =844 kJ /mol
This is because:
a) O ion has comparatively larger size than oxygen atom
−¿ ¿

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 b) Oxygen has high electron affinity

c) ion will lead to resist the addition of another electron

−¿ ¿
O
d) Oxygen is more electronegative

101.In which of the following molecules are all the bonds not equal?

a) Al F b) N F c) Cl F d) B F

102.Which of the following compound is covalent?

3 3 3 3

a) H b) KC l c) N a S d) CaO

103.Which of the following molecular species has unpaired electron (s)?

2 2

a) N b) F c) O−¿ ¿ d) O 2−¿¿

104.The correct order of bond angles is:

2 2 2 2

a) P F3 < PC l 3 < PB r 3< P I 3

b) P F3 < PB r 3 < PC l 3< P I 3
c) P I 3 < PB r 3 < PC l 3 < P F 3
d) P F3 > PC l 3 < PB r 3< P I 3
105.If the bond length and dipole moment of a diatomic molecule are 1.25 A and 1.0 D
respectively, what is the per cent ionic character of the bond?
a) 10.66 b) 12.33 c) 16.66 d) 19.33

106.The molecule which does not exhibit dipole moment is

a) N H b) CHC l c) H O d) CC l

107. N 2accept electron and convert into N −¿

2 , where this electron goes?
3 3 2 4
¿

a) Antibonding π -molecular orbital

b) Bonding π -molecular orbital
c) σ -bonding molecular orbital
d) σ -antibonding molecular orbital
108.The correct order of radii is:

a) N < Be< B b) −¿<O

2−¿< N
3−¿¿
¿
¿ c) Na< Li< K d) 3+ ¿< F e
2+ ¿< Fe
4+¿ ¿
¿
¿
F Fe
109.The bond order is maximum in:

a) H b) H +¿¿ c) H e d) H e+ ¿¿

110.Which of the following atoms has minimum covalent radius?

2 2 2 2

a) Si b) N c) C d) B

111.The screening effect of d -electrons is:

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 a) Equal to the p -electrons
b) Much more than p-electrons
c) Same as f -electrons
d) Less than p-electrons
112.Which of the following statement is wrong?

The stability of hydrides increase from N H 3 to Bi H 3 in group 15 of the

periodic table.
a)

b) Nitrogen cannot form d π − p π bond.

c) Single N — N bond is weaker than the single P — P bond.
d) N 2 O4 has two resonance structure
113.The molecule having permanent dipole moment is:

a) S F b) Xe F c) Si F d) B F

114.Unusually high boiling point of water is result of

4 4 4 3

a) Intermolecular hydrogen bonding b) Intramolecular hydrogen bonding

c) Both intra and inter molecular hydrogend) High specific heat

bonding
115.Which of the following is least ionic?

a) Ca F b) CaB r c) Ca I d) CaC l

116. What bond order does O 2−¿¿ have?

2 2 2 2

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 1/3

117.A compound contains X, Y and Z atoms. The oxidation states of X, Y and Z are +2, +2 and
-2 respectively. The possible formula of the compound is
a) XY Z b) Y ( X Z ) c) X ( Y Z ) d) X ( Y Z )

118.Which one of the following is a non-polar molecule?

2 2 3 2 3 4 2 3 4 3

a) CC l b) CHC l c) C H C l d) C H Cl

119.Which one of the following has the regular tetrahedral structure?

4 3 2 2 3

(Atomic numbers B = 5, S = 16, Ni = 28, Xe = 54)

a) Xe F b) S F c) BF−¿ ¿ d) 2−¿¿
[ ¿ ( CN )3 ]
120.If the dipole moment of toluene and nitro-benzene are 0.43 D and 3.93 D, then what is
4 4 4

the expected dipole moment of p-nitro toluene?

a) 3.50 D b) 2.18 D c) 4.36 D d) 5.30 D

121.Which of the following is most stable?

a) 2+ ¿¿ b) 2+¿¿ c) 2+¿¿ d) 2+ ¿¿
Pb Ge Si Sn
122. In which of the following compound s p2 hybridisation is absent?

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 a) C H =CH −CH =C H b) CH ≡ C−C H −C H
2 2 2 3

c) C H −CH =C H d) C H =CH −C H −C H

123.Which one of the following pairs of species has the same bond order:
2 2 2 2 3

a) N O+¿¿ and C N +¿ ¿ b) C N −¿¿ and N O+¿¿ c) C N −¿¿ and C N +¿ ¿ d) O−¿ ¿ and C N −¿¿

124.Which of the following characteristics regarding halogens is not correct?

2

a) Ionization energy decreases with increase in atomic number.

b) Electronegativity decreases with increase in atomic number.

c) Electron affinity decreases with increase in atomic number.

d) Enthalpy of fusion increases with increase in atomic number.

125.The number of S – S bonds in sulphur trioxide is

a) Three b) Two c) One d) Zero

126.The low density of ice compared to water is due to

a) Induced dipole – induced dipole interactions

b) Dipole – induced dipole interaction

c) Hydrogen bonding interactions

d) Dipole –dipole interaction

127.Consider the following molecules or ions

(i) H 2 O (ii) NH 4 (iii) SO 4
+¿¿ 2−¿ ¿

(iv)ClO4 (v) N H 3
−¿ ¿

s p hybridisation is involved in the formation of

3

a) (i), (ii) (v) only b) (i), (ii) only

c) (ii) only d) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v)

128.Which of the following compounds has dipole moment approximately equal to that of
chlorobenzene?
a) o -dichlorobenzene
b) m -dichlorobenzene
c) p-dichlorobenzene
d) p-chloronitrobenzene
129.Which of the following overlaps leads to bonding?

P a g e | 13
 a) b)

c) d)

130.Which of the following is correct?

a) The number of electrons present in the valence shell of S in S F6 is 12.

b) The rates of ionic reactions are very low.

c) According to VSEPR theory, SnC I 2 is a linear molecule.

The correct order of ability to form ionic compounds among N a+¿ , M g
2+ ¿¿
¿

and A l 3+¿ ¿ is A l 3+¿> M g .

d) +¿ ¿
2+ ¿> N a ¿
¿

131.The number of sigma and pi bonds in peroxodisulphuric acid are respectively

a) 9 and 4 b) 11 and 4 c) 4 and 8 d) 4 and 9

132.Which is not a paramagnetic species?

a) O b) O +¿¿ c) O−¿ ¿ d) O 2−¿¿

2 2 2 2

133.

a) sp b) 2 c) 3 d) 2
sp sp ds p
134.Electron deficient species are known as:

a) Lewis acids b) Hydrophilic c) Nucleophiles d) Lewis bases

135.The molecule having three folds of axis of symmetry is:

a) N H b) PC l c) S O d) C O

136. The structure of IC l −¿¿ is:

3 5 2 2

a) Trigonal

b) Octahedral

c) Square planar

d) Distorted trigonal bipyramid

137.Among the following the molecule with the highest dipole moment is

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 a) C H Cl b) C H C l c) CHC l d) CC l

138. Which of the following is not isostructural with SiC l 4 ?

3 2 2 3 4

a) P O3−¿¿ b) N H +¿¿ c) SC l d) S O 2−¿¿

139.A molecule which cannot exist theoretically is:

4 4 4 4

a) S F b) O F c) O F d) O F

140.An atom X has three valence electrons and atom Y has six valence electrons. The
4 2 4 2 2

compound formed between them will have the formula

a) X Y b) X Y c) X Y d) X Y

141.Which one is polar molecule among the following?

2 6 2 2 3 3 2

a) C H b) CC l c) C O d) H O

142.Shape of molecules is decided by:

4 4 2 2

a) Sigma bond

b) π -bond
c) Both sigma and π -bonds
d) Neither sigma nor π -bonds
143.The shape of carbon dioxide is

a) Pyramidal b) Tetrahedral c) Planar d) linear

144.The correct ionic radii order is:

a)
3+¿ ¿
2+¿> A l ¿
−¿ >N a +¿ >M g ¿¿
2−¿> F ¿
3−¿>O ¿
N
b)
3+¿ ¿
2+¿ >A l ¿
¿ 2−¿> F−¿ >M g ¿
¿
3−¿> N a >O ¿¿
N
c)
3+¿ ¿
2+¿ >A l ¿
3−¿ > F−¿ > Mg ¿¿
2−¿>N ¿
+¿>O ¿
Na
d)
3+¿ ¿
2+¿ >A l ¿
+¿ >N 3−¿ >M g ¿¿
−¿> N a ¿
2−¿>F ¿
O
145.Which is not linear?

a) C O b) HCN c) C H d) H O

146.Hybridisation of oxygen in diethyl ether is

2 2 2 2

a) Sp b) 2 c) 3 d) 3
sp sp sp d
147.What is the effect of more electronegative atom on the strength of ionic bond?

a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains the same d) None of these

148.Which of the following two are isostructural?

a) Xe F , I F−¿ ¿ b) N H , B F c) C O 2−¿ ,S O 2−¿¿

3 ¿ d) PC l , IC l

149. N F3 is:
2 2 3 3 3 5 5

P a g e | 15
 a) Non-polar compound

b) Electrovalent compound

c) Having low value of dipole moment than N H 3

d) Having more dipole moment than N H 3
150. Molecular size of ICl and B r 2 is nearly same, but boiling point of ICl is about 40C higher
than B r 2. This might be due to:
a) I —Cl bond is stronger than Br — Br bond
b) Ionisation energy of I <¿ ionisation energy of Br
c) ICl is polar where as B r 2 is non-polar
d) The size of I >¿ size of Br
151.Which molecule is linear?

a) H S b) N O c) Cl O d) C O

152.Which of the following shows minimum melting point?

2 2 2 2

a) Naphthalene b) Diamond c) NaCl d) Mn

153.Which of the following does not have a lone pair on the central atom?

a) N H b) P H c) B F d) PC l

154.Molecular orbital theory was given by

3 3 3 3

a) Kossel b) Mosley c) Mulliken d) Werner

155. N H 3 has a net dipole moment, but boron trifluoride (B F 3 ) has zero dipole moment,
because:
a) B is less electronegative than N

b) F is more electronegative than H

c) B F 3 is pyramidal while N H 3 is planar

d) N H 3 is pyramidal while B F 3 is trigonal planar
156.Proton plays an important role in…bonding.

a) Electrovalent b) Hydrogen c) Covalent d) Coordinate

157.Which represents a collection of isoelectronic species?

a) b) c) d)
+¿ ¿
−¿¿ + ¿,Br ¿ 2+ ¿, M g
2+¿ ¿
¿ −¿, N a ¿
3 +¿, Cl ¿ ¿ ¿
Be , A l C a2+¿ ,C s Na
+¿ ,C a ¿
N 3−¿ ,F
158.An electrovalent compound does not exhibit space isomerism due to:

a) Presence of ions

b) High melting point

P a g e | 16
 c) Strong electrostatic forces between constituent ions

d) Non-directional nature of electrovalent bond

159. In which molecule Sulphur atom is not s p3-hybridized?

a) S O 2−¿¿ b) S F c) S F d) None of these

160.In which one of the following species, the central atom has the type of hybridization
4 4 2

which is not the same as that present in other three?

a) S F b) I −¿¿ c) SbC l 2−¿¿ d) PC l

161. The radii of F , F and O are in the order of:

4 3 5 5
−¿, O ¿ 2−¿¿

a) −¿> F> O ¿
¿ b) 2−¿> F>O ¿
c) −¿> F¿
d) −¿> O> F ¿

O2−¿>F F−¿>O ¿
O2−¿>O> F ¿
O2−¿>F ¿

162.The correct order of decreasing second ionisation enthalpy of Ti (22), V (23), Cr (24) and
Mn (25) is:
a) V > Mn> Cr>Ti b) Mn> Cr>Ti>V c) Ti>V >Cr > Mn d) Cr > Mn>V >Ti

163.How many σ and π -bonds are present in given compound?

Ph−CH =C−C 2 H 5
¿
C H3
a) 19 σ and4 π −bonds b) 22 σ and4 π −bonds

c) 25 σ and4 π −bonds d) 26 σ and4 π −bonds

164. C−Cl bond is stronger than C – I bond, because

a) C−Cl bond is more ionic than C – I b) C−Cl bond is polar covalent bond

c) C−Cl bond is more covalent than C – I d) C−Cl bond length is longer than C – I

165.The ICl molecule is:

a) Purely covalent

b) Purely electrovalent

c) Polar with negative end on chlorine

d) Polar with negative end on iodine

166.Which of the following silver salts is insoluble in water?

a) AgCl O b) A g S O c) AgF d) AgN O

167.Silicon has 4 electrons in the outermost orbit. In forming the bond:

4 2 4 3

a) It gains electrons b) It losses electrons c) It shares electrons d) None of these

168. The shape of gaseous SnC l 2 is

a) Tetrahedral b) Linear c) Angular d) T -shape

169.Chlorine atom tends to acquire the structure of:

P a g e | 17
 a) He b) Ne c) Ar d) Kr

170. The d – orbital involved in s p3 d – hybridisation is

a) d b) d c) d d) d

171. When O 2 is converted into O +¿¿

2 ;
2 2 2
x −y xy z zx

a) Both paramagnetic character and bond order increase

b) Bond order decreases

c) Paramagnetic character increases

d) Paramagnetic character decreases and the bond order increases

172.Intramolecular hydrogen bond is present in

a) Water b) o-nitrophenol c) p-nitrophenol d) methylamine

173. A pair of compounds which have odd electrons in the group NO , CO ,Cl O2 , N 2 O s , S O2∧O2
are
a) NO andCl O b) COI and S O c) Cl O andCO d) S O andO

174.According to VSEPR theory the repulsion between different pair (lone or bond) of
2 2 2 2 3

electrons obey the order

a) lp bp lp lp bp bp b) lp bp bp bp lp lp

c) lp lp lp bp bp bp d) bp bp lp lp lp bp

175.The bond between two identical non-metal atoms has a pair of electrons:

a) Unequally shared between the two

b) Equally shared between the two

c) Transferred fully from one atom to another

d) None of the above

176. The bond angle in As H 3 is greater than that in

a) N H b) H O c) BC l d) None of these

177.The correct order of increasing electropositive character among Cu , Fe∧Mg is:

3 2 3

a) Cu ≈ Fe < Mg b) Fe<Cu< Mg c) Fe< Mg <Cu d) Cu< Fe< Mg

178. H —O — H bond angle in H 2 O is 104.5 and not 10928′ because of:

a) High electronegativity of oxygen

b) Bond pair-bond pair repulsion

c) Lone pair-lone pair repulsion

d) Lone pair-bond pair repulsion

179. The bond order in O +¿¿

2 is equal to bond order in:

P a g e | 18
 a) N +¿ ¿ b) C N −¿¿ c) CO d) N O+¿¿

180.The electron affinity for inert gases is likely to be:

2

a) High b) Small c) Zero d) Positive

181.The true statements from the following are

1. P H 5 and BiC l 5 do not exist
2. pπ−dπ bond is present in S O 2
3.Electrons travel at the speed of light
4. Se F 4 and C H 4 have same shape
5. I 3 has bent geometry
+¿¿

a) 1,3 b) 1,2,5 c) 1,3,5 d) 1,2,4

182.1,3-butadiene has:

a) 6 σ and 2 π -bonds b) 2 σ and 2 π -bonds c) 9 σ and 2 π -bonds d) 6 σ and 2 π -bonds

183.The bond between atoms of two elements of atomic number 37 and 53 is:

a) Covalent b) Ionic c) Coordinate d) Metallic

184.In methane the bond angle is

a) 180 ° b) 90 ° c) 109 ° d) 120 °

185.One would expect the elemental form of Cs at room temperature to be:

a) A network solid b) A metallic solid c) Non-polar liquid d) An ionic liquid

186.Which of the following is false?

a) Glycerol has strong hydrogen bonding

b) Glycol is a poisonous alcohols

c) Waxes are esters of higher alcohols with higher acids

d) Alkyl halides have higher b.p. than corresponding alcohols

187.Ionic radii are:

a) 1
∝
effective nuclear charge
b) 1
∝
( effective nuclear charge )2
c) ∝ effective nuclear charge
d) 2
∝ ( effective nuclear charge )
188.Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a) H e 2 does not exist because its bond order is zero

b) and O 2 are all paramagnetic
−¿¿ +¿¿
O2 ,O2

P a g e | 19
 c) Any two atomic orbitals can combine to form two molecular orbitals

d) π (2 p x ) and π (2 p y )are degenerate molecular orbitals

189.Which of the following pairs will from the most stable ionic bond?

a) Na and Cl b) Mg and F c) Li and F d) Na and F

190.Among NaF , NaCl NaBr∧NaI , the NaF has highest melting point because:

a) It has maximum ionic character

b) It has minimum ionic character

c) It has associated molecules

d) It has least molecular weight

191. The planar structure of B F 3 can be explained by the fact that B F 3 is

a) sp hybridized
s p hybridised s p hybridised s p d hybridized
b) 2 c) 3 d) 3

192.The correct order of bond order value among the following is

(i) N O (ii) N O
−¿¿ +¿¿

(iii)NO (iv) N O2+¿ ¿

(v) N O2−¿¿
a) ( i ) < ( iv ) < ( iii ) < ( ii ) <(v ) b) ( iv ) =( ii ) < ( i ) < ( v )<(iii)

c) ( v )< ( i ) < (iv )=( iii ) <(ii) d) ( ii ) < ( iii ) < ( iv )< (i ) <(v )

193. The bond between chlorine and bromine in BrC l 3 is:

a) Ionic

b) Non-polar

c) Polar with negative end on B r

−¿¿

d) Polar with negative end on C l

−¿ ¿

194.Which of the following has regular tetrahedral shape?

a) 2−¿ ¿ b) S F c) B F −¿¿ d) Xe F
[ ¿ ( CN )4 ] [ 4]
195.Which of the following will have large dipole moment?
4 4

a) b) c) d)

196. PC l 5 exists but NC l 5 does not because:

P a g e | 20
 a) Nitrogen has no vacant 2d -orbitals
b) NC l 5 is unstable
c) Nitrogen atom is much smaller than phosphorus

d) Nitrogen is highly mert

197.In which of the following pairs the two species are not isostructural?

a) PC l +¿¿ and SiC l b) P F and Br F c) Al F 3−¿¿ and S F d) C O2−¿¿ and N O−¿¿

198.The molecule having a pyramidal shape out of the following is

4 4 5 5 6 6 3 3

a) C O b) B F c) S F d) N H

199. If N a+¿ ¿ ion is larger than M g 2+¿¿ ion and S2−¿¿ is larger thanC l −¿ ¿ ion, which of the
2 3 4 3

following will be stable soluble in water?

a) Sodium chloride b) Sodium sulphide c) Magnesium d) Magnesium
chloride sulphide
200.An atom of an element A has three electrons in its outermost orbit and that of B has six
electrons in its outermost orbit. The formula of the compound between these two will be
a) A B b) A B c) A B d) A B

201.The energy of σ2 s -orbital is greater than σ¿ 1 s orbital because:

3 6 2 3 3 2 2

a) σ 2 s orbital is bigger than σ¿ 1 s orbital

b) σ2 s orbital is a bonding orbital whereas, σ¿ 1 s is an antibonding orbital
c) σ2 s orbital has a greater value of n than σ¿ 1 s orbital
d) None of the above

202.The bond angle in ammonia molecule is

a) 90 ° 3' b) 91 ° 8' c) 106 ° 45 ' d) 109 ° 28 '

203. The compound in which the number of d p bonds are equal to those present in ClO4
−¿ ¿

a) Xe F b) Xe O c) Xe O d) Xe F

204. The correct order of bond angles (smallest first) in H 2 S , N H 3 , B F3 and Si H 4 is

4 3 4 6

a) H S <Si H < N H < B F b) N H < H S< Si H < B F

2 4 3 3 3 2 4 3

c) H S < N H < Si H < B F d) H S < N H < B F < Si H

205. A covalent molecule A B3 has pyramidal structure. The number of lone pair and bond pair
2 3 4 3 2 3 3 4

of electrons in the molecule are respectively.

a) 2 and 2 b) 0 and 4 c) 3 and 1 d) 1 and 3

206. Be in BeC l 2 undergoes

a) Diagonal hybridisation b) Trigonal hybridisation

c) Tetrahedral hybridisation d) No hybridisation

207.Which statement is wrong?

P a g e | 21
 Hybridisation is the mixing of atomic orbitals prior to their combining
into molecular orbitals
a)

s p -hybrid orbitals are formed from two p-atomic orbitals and one s-
2

atomic orbitals
b)

ds p -hybrid orbitals are all at 90 to one another

c) 2

d s p -hybrid orbitals are directed towards the corners of a regular

2 2

tetrahedron
d)

208. In the anion HCO O−¿¿ the two carbon-oxygen bonds are found to be of equal length. What
is the reason for it?
a) Electronic orbits of carbon atom are hybridised

b) The C=O bond is weaker than the C−O bond

c) The anion HCO O has two resonating structures
−¿¿

d) The anion is obtained by removal of a proton from the acid molecule

209.Which of the following molecules has three fold axis of symmetry?

a) N H b) C H c) C O d) S O

210.Oxygen and the oxide ion have the

3 2 4 2 2

a) Same proton number b) Same electronic configuration

c) Same electron number d) Same size

211.Valence bond theory of metallic bond was given by

a) Dalton b) Drudel c) Fajan d) Pauling

212.The correct order of second ionisation potential of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine
is:
a) C> N >O> F b) O> N > F >C c) O> F> N >C d) F> O> N >C

213.The molecule which has T – shaped structure is

a) PC l b) Cl F c) N H d) BC l

214.As a result of resonance:

3 3 3 3

a) Bond length decreases

b) Energy of the molecules decreases

c) Stability of the molecule increases

d) All are correct

215.The pair of species with the same bond order is:

a) NO , CO b) N ,O c) O 2−¿, B ¿
2 d) O +¿ ,N O +¿ ¿
¿

216.Which of the following molecules has pentagonal bipyramidal shape?

2 2 2 2

P a g e | 22
 a) P F b) S F I c) Xe F d) 3−¿¿
[ Fe ( CN )6 ]
217.The number of types of bonds between two carbon atoms in calcium carbide is
5 6 6

a) One sigma, two pi b) One sigma, one pi c) Two sigma, one pi d) Two sigma, two pi

218.The bond angle between H —O — H in ice is closest to:

a) 115 ͦ b) 109 28′

ͦ c) 110 ͦ d) 90 ͦ

219. If a molecule M X 3 has zero dipole moment the sigma bonding orbitals used by M (at. No.
< 21) is:
s p -hybrid s p -hybrid
a) Pure p b) sp-hybrid c) 2 d) 3

220.Which combination of atoms can form a polar covalent bond?

a) H and H b) H and Br c) N and N d) Na and Br

221. The bond strength in O +¿ and O 2 follows the order:

−¿¿
,O ,O 2 2 ¿ 2−¿¿
2

a) b) c) d)
+¿ ¿ 2−¿ ¿ +¿ ¿ +¿ >O ¿
−¿> O2 > O2 ¿ −¿> O2 ¿ 2−¿> O2 ¿ 2
2−¿>O2 ¿ +¿>O2> O2 ¿ −¿>O2 ¿ −¿>O2−¿> O ¿
¿
O2 O2 O2 >O2
2

O2 2

222. The shape of Xe F 4 molecule and hybridisation of xenon in it are

a) Tetrahedral and 3 b) Square planar and 2

sp ds p
c) Square planar and 3 2 d) Octahedral and 3 2
sp d sp d
223. In H −¿
2
¿
ion, the bond order is:

a) Zero b) 1/2 c) -1/2 d) 1

224.H-bonding is not present in:

a) Glycerine b) Water c) H S d) HF

225.In which of the following gaseous molecules, the ionic character of the covalent bond is
2

greatest?
a) HCl b) HBr c) HI d) HF

226.The angle between the overlapping of one s-orbital and one p-orbital is:

a) 180 b) 120 c) 10928′ d) 12060′

227.How many bonds are there in?

a) 14 σ ,8 π b) 18 σ , 8 π c) 19 σ , 4 π d) 14 σ ,2 π

228.Which is the correct statement about σ and π molecular orbitals? Statements are
(i) π -bonding orbitals are ungerade
(ii) π -antibonding orbitals are ungerade
(iii) σ-antibonding orbitals are gerade
a) (i) only b) (ii) and (iii) only c) (iii) only d) (ii) only

P a g e | 23
229. Among the following statement, the correct statement about P H 3 and N H 3 is:

N H 3 is a better electron donor because the lone pair of electron

occupies spherical s-orbital and is less directional
a)

P H 3 is a better electron donor because the lone pair of electron

occupies s p3-orbital and is more directional
b)

N H 3 is a better electron donor because the lone pair of electron

occupies s p3-orbital and more directional
c)

P H 3 is a better electron donor because the lone pair of electron

occupies spherical s-orbital and is less directional
d)

230.Which is expected to have linear structure?

a) S O b) C O c) C O2−¿¿ d) S O 2−¿¿

231. The bond angle in P H 3 is:

2 2 3 4

a) Much lesser than b) Equal to that in

c) Much greater than d) Slightly more than
N H3 N H3 in N H 3 in N H 3
232.Carnallite in solution in water shows the properties of

a) b) c) d)
−¿ ¿ −¿ ¿ 2−¿¿ −¿ ¿
2+ ¿,C l ¿ 2−¿ , Br ¿
2+ ¿,CO3 ¿ −¿ ,B r ¿
+¿ ,C l−¿, SO ¿

K +¿ , M g ¿ +¿ , M g2+ ¿,C l ¿
¿ +¿ , M g ¿ ¿
K
4

K K
233.A simple of a coordinate covalent bond is exhibited by

a) HC l b) N H c) C H d) H S O

234.In the series ethane, ethylene and acetylene, the C — H bond energy is:
3 2 2 2 4

a) The same in all the three compounds

b) Greatest in ethane

c) Greatest in ehtylene

d) Greatest in acetylene

235.In which molecule the van der Waals’ force is likely to be the most important in
determining the m.p. and b.p.?
a) B r b) CO c) H S d) HCl

236.Identify the wrong statement in the following:

2 2

Atomic radius of the elements increases as one moves down the first
group of the periodic table
a)

Atomic radius of the elements decreases as one moves across from left
to right in the 2nd period of the periodic table
b)

Amongst isoelectronic species, smaller the positive charge on the

cation, smaller is the ionic radius
c)

Amongst isoelectronic species, greater the negative charge on the

anion, larger is the ionic radius
d)

237.(I)1, 2-dihydroxy benzene

(II) 1, 3-dihydroxy benzene
(III) 1, 4-dihydroxy benzene
(IV) Hydroxy benzene

P a g e | 24
 The increasing order of boiling points of above mentioned alcohols is
a) I < II < III < IV b) I < II < IV < III

c) IV < I < II < III d) IV < II < I < III

238.Dipole moment is shown by

a) cis - 1, 2-dichloro ethane b) trans-1, 2-dichloro ethane

c) trans-1 2-dichloro-2 peptene d) Both (a) and (c)

239. Compounds formed by s p3 d 2-hybridization will have configuration:

a) Square planar

b) Octahedral

c) Trigonal bipyramidal

d) Pentagonal bipyramidal

240.In which molecular are all atoms coplanar?

a) P F b) N H c) B F d) C H

241. The As F 5 molecule is trigonal bipyramidal.The hybrid orbitals used by the As atoms for
3 3 3 4

bonding are
a) d , dz , s , Px , P y b) d , s , P , P c) s , P , P , P ,d d) d , s , Px , Py
242. The bond order of N is
2
x −y 2 2
xy x z x y z z x −y 2 2 2

+¿ ¿
2

a) 1.5 b) 3.0 c) 2.5 d) 2.0

243. C O2 is isostructural with

a) C H b) SnC I c) N O d) MgC I

244.The compound with the maximum dipole moment among the following is:
2 2 2 2 2

a) p-dichlorobenzene b) m -dichlorobenzene c) o -dichlorobenzene d) Carbon

tetrachloride
245.Which of the following bonds require the largest amount of energy to dissociate the bond
concerned?
a) H — H bond ∈H b) C — H bond in C H c) N ≡ N bond in N d) O = O bond in O

246.The sequence that correctly describes the relative bond strength pertaining to oxygen
2 4 2 2

molecule and its cation or anion is

a) 2−¿>O b)
+¿ ¿ 2−¿ ¿
−¿> O2 > O2 ¿ −¿> O2 ¿
¿ +¿>O ¿
O2 2
O2 >O2 2

c) d)
−¿ ¿ 2−¿ ¿
2−¿> O2 ¿ −¿> O2 ¿
+¿>O2> O2 ¿ +¿>O2> O2 ¿
O2 O2
247. The type of hybridisation in Xe F 4 is

a) 2 b) 3 c) 3 2 d) 3 3
ds p sp d sp d sp d
248. What bond order does L i2 have?

P a g e | 25
 a) 3 b) 1 c) 2 d) 0

249.Which have zero dipole moment?

a) 1,1-dichloroethene

b) Cis -1, 2-dichloroethene

c) trans -1, 2-dichlorothene
d) None of the above

250.Strongest bond is formed by the head on overlapping of:

a) 2 s -and 2 p -orbitals b) 2 p- and 2 p-orbitals c) 2 s- and 2 s- orbitals d) All of these

251. Hybridization state of I in IC l +¿

2
¿
is :

a) 2 b) sp c) 2 d) 3
ds p sp sp
252.Arrange the following compound in order of increasing dipole moment:
Toluene (I) m -dichlorobenzene (II)
o -dichlorobenzene (III) p-dichlorobenzene (IV)
a) I < IV < II < III b) IV < I < II < III c) IV < I < III < II d) IV < II < I < III

253.Which has maximum covalent character?

a) SiC l b) MgC l c) NaC l d) AlC l

254.Which species does not exist?

4 2 3

a) SnC l 2−¿¿ b) GeC l 2−¿¿ c) CC l 2−¿¿ d) SiC l 2−¿ ¿

( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6)

255.Among the following which has the highest cation to anion size ratio?

a) CsI b) CsF c) LiF d) NaF

256. The dipole moment of HBr is 1.6 ×10−30 cm and inter – atomic spacing is 1 Å . The % ionic
character of HBr is
a) 7 b) 10 c) 15 d) 27

257.When an element of very low ionisation potential is allowed to react with an element of
very high electron affinity, we get:
a) A weak ionic bond b) A strong ionic bond c) A polar covalent d) No bond
bond
258.Ionization potential is lowest for:

a) Halogens b) Inert gases c) Alkaline earth d) Alkali metals

metals
259.The orbitals of same energy level providing the most efficient overlapping are:

d) All of these
s p -s p
b) sp - sp
s p -s p
a) 3 3 c) 2 2

260.The covalent compound HCl has the polar character because:

a) The electronegativity of hydrogen is greater than that of chlorine

P a g e | 26
 b) The electronegativity of hydrogen is equal to than that of chlorine

c) The electronegativity of chlorine is greater than that of hydrogen

d) Hydrogen and chlorine are gases

261.Identify the non-polar molecule in the set of compounds given

HCl, HF, H 2, HBr
a) H b) HCl c) HF, HBr d) HBr

262. Which one of the following compounds has s p2 hybridisation?

2

a) C O b) S O c) N O d) CO

263.The increasing order of the ionic radii of the given isoelectronic species is:
2 2 2

a) b) c) d)
+¿ ¿ 2−¿ ¿ −¿ ¿ 2−¿ ¿
2+¿ ,K ¿ −¿ ,S ¿ 2+¿ ,C l ¿ +¿ ,S ¿
2−¿ ,C l−¿,C a ¿
¿ 2+¿ , K +¿ ,Cl ¿
¿ +¿ ,S2−¿,C a ¿
¿ −¿ ,C a2+ ¿, K ¿
¿
S Ca K Cl
264.Which cannot exist on the basis of M.O. theory?

a) C b) H e+ ¿¿ c) H +¿¿ d) H e

265.Which of the following does not involve covalent bond?

2 2 2 2

a) P H b) CsF c) HCl d) H S

266. B10 C 2 H 12 is isoelectronic with

3 2

a) B H 2−¿¿ b) B H c) B H +¿ ¿ d) B H 2+ ¿¿

267.The electronegativity of A and B are 1.20 and 4.0 respectively. Therefore, ionic character
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

in A−B bond will be

a) 50% b) 43% c) 53.3% d) 72.23%

268.During the formation of a chemical bond

a) Electron-electron repulsion becomesb) Energy of the system does not change

more than the nucleus-electron repulsion
attraction
c) Energy increases d) Energy decreases

269. The number of ions formed when a molecule of K 4 Fe ( CN )6 dissociates is:

a) 4 b) 5 c) 6 d) 2

270.Pair of species having identical shapes for molecules is

a) C F , S F b) B F , PC l c) Xe F ,C O d) P F , I F

271.An example of a polar covalent compound is

4 4 3 3 2 2 5 7

a) KCl b) NaCl c) CC l d) HCl

272.Which is not an exception to octet rule?

4

a) B F b) SnC l c) Be I d) Cl O

273.The molecules having dipole moment are:

3 4 2 2

P a g e | 27
 a) 2, 2-dimethylpropane

b) Trans-3-hexene
c) Trans-2-pentene
d) 2, 2, 3, 3-tetramethylbutane

274.Which of the following species has a bond order other than 3?

a) CO b) C N −¿¿ c) N O+¿¿ d) O +¿¿

275.Which of the following is planar?

2

a) Xe F b) Xe O F c) Xe O F d) Xe F
2 3 2 2 4

276. Among the following species, identify the pair having same bond order C N −¿,O
+¿ ¿
+¿ ,C N ¿
−¿, N O ¿
2
¿

a) C N −¿¿ and O−¿ ¿ b) O−¿ ¿ and N O+¿¿ c) C N −¿¿ and N O+¿¿ d) C N −¿¿ and C N +¿ ¿

277.The bond angle and dipole moment of water respectively, are

2 2

a) 109.5 ° ,1.84 D b) 107.5 ° ,1.56 D c) 104.5 ° ,1.84 D d) 102.5 ° ,1.56 D

278.The correct order of increasing bond angles in the following species is:

a) C l O< Cl O <Cl O−¿ ¿ b) Cl O <C l O<Cl O−¿ ¿ c) C l O< Cl O−¿<Cl O ¿ 2 d) Cl O −¿<C l O <Cl O ¿
2 2

279.Which compound shows hydrogen bonding?

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

a) R C H NHC H b) R C H CHO c) C H d) HCl

280.Chlorine atom differs from chloride ion in the number of:

2 3 2 2 6

a) Protons

b) Neutrons

c) Electrons

d) Protons and electrons

281.What is the reason for unusual high b.p. of water?

a) Due to the presence of H

+¿¿
and O H
−¿¿
b) Due to dipole – dipole interactions
ions in water
c) Due to London forces d) Strong London Forces

282.The increasing order of the first ionization enthalpies of the elements B, P, S and F
(lower first) is:
a) F< S < P< B b) P< S< B< F c) B< P< S< F d) B< S< P< F

283. The I P1 , I P2 , I P 3 , I P4 ,∧I P5 of an element are 7.1, 14.3, 34.5, 46.8, 162.2 eV respectively.
The element is likely to be:
a) Na b) Si c) F d) Ca

284.Which of the following is paramagnetic?

P a g e | 28
 a) B b) C c) N d) F

285.Ionization potential of Na would be numerically the same as:

2 2 2 2

a) Electron affinity of N a
+¿ ¿

b) Electronegativity of N a
+¿ ¿

c) Electron affinity of He
d) Ionization potential of Mg
286.Which one of the following conversions involve change in both hybridisation and shape?

a) C H ⟶ C H b) N H ⟶ NH +¿¿ c) B F ⟶ BF−¿¿ d) H O⟶ H O + ¿¿

287.According to MO theory,
4 2 6 3 4 3 4 2 3

a) O2 is paramagnetic and bond order greater than O 2

+¿¿

b) O2 is paramagnetic and bond order less than O2

+¿¿

c) O2 is diamagnetic and bond order is less than O 2

+¿¿

d) O2 is diamagnetic and bond order is more than O 2

+¿¿

288.If the molecule of HCl were totally polar, the expected value of dipole moment is 6.12 D
(dbye), but the experimental value of dipole moment was 1.03 D. Calculate the
percentage ionic character
a) 17 b) 83 c) 50 d) Zero

289.The order of first electron affinity of O , S∧Se is:

a) O> S> Se b) S>O> Se c) Se>O> S d) Se> S>O

290.The nodal plane in the π -bond of ethane is located in:

a) The molecular plane

b) A plane parallel to the molecular plane

A plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which bisects the carbon-

carbon σ -bond at right angle
c)

A plane perpendicular to the molecular plane which contains the

carbon-carbon σ -bond
d)

291.The correct electronegativity order is:

a) C , N , Si , P b) N , Si ,C , P c) Si, P ,C , N d) P , Si , N , C

292.The pair of species having identical shapes for molecules of both species is

a) C F , S F b) Xe F ,C O c) B F , PC l d) P F , I F

293.Amongst the following, the molecule that is linear is

4 4 2 2 3 3 5 5

a) S O b) C O c) Cl O d) N O

294.Using MO theory predict which of the following species has the shortest bond length?
2 2 2 2

P a g e | 29
 a) O 2+¿ ¿ b) O +¿¿ c) O−¿ ¿ d) O 2−¿¿

295.The hybridisation of carbon atom in benzene is?

2 2 2 2

a) sp b) 2 c) 3 d) 2
sp sp ds p
296.Bond angle between two hybrid orbitals is 105. Hybrid character orbital is:

a) Between 20-21% b) Between 19-20% c) Between 21-22% d) Between 22-23%

297. KF combines with HF to form KH F 2. The compound contains the species:

a) and H b) and HF c) K +¿ ¿ and H F −¿ ¿ d) and F

+ ¿¿
[ 2]
−¿¿ −¿¿
+¿¿ −¿¿
K
+¿ ,F ¿
K
+¿ ,F ¿
[ KHF ]
298. o -hydroxy benzaldehyde, although contains enolic group but does not give test of group
with FeC l 3 because:
a) It is steam volatile

b) Of intermolecular H-bonding

c) Of intramolecular H-bonding

d) All of the above

299.Iron is tougher than sodium because:

a) Iron atom is smaller

b) Iron atoms are more closely packed

c) Metallic bonds are stronger in iron

d) None of the above

300. Correct order of bond angles in N H 3, PC l 3 and BC l 3 is

a) PC l > N H > BC l b) N H >BC l > PC l

3 3 3 3 3 3

c) N H > PC l > BC l d) BC l > N H > PC l

301.The number of π - bonds present in propyne is

3 3 3 3 3 3

a) 4 b) 1 c) 3 d) 2

302.A bond with maximum covalent character between non-metallic elements is formed:

a) Between identical atoms

b) Between chemically similar atoms

c) Between atoms of widely different electro-negativities

d) Between atoms of the same size

303. The compound in which underlined carbon uses only its s p3 hybrid orbitals for bond
formation is
a) C H C OOH b) C H C ON H c) C H C H OH d) C H C H=C H
3 3 2 3 2 2 2

P a g e | 30
304.Consider the following compounds
(i) chloroethene (ii) benzene
(iii) 1, 3-butadiene (iv) 1,3,5 – hexatriene
All the carbon atoms are s p2 hybridised in
a) (i), (iii), (iv) only b) (i), (ii) only c) (ii), (ii), (iv) only d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

305.When ionic compounds get dissolved in water:

a) They involve heat changes

b) Inter-ionic attraction is reduced

c) Ions show dipole-ion attraction with water molecules

d) All are correct

306.Pick the odd one out (The one having zero dipole moment):

a) N H b) H O c) BC l d) S O

307.Which of the following shows minimum bond angle?

3 2 3 2

a) H O b) H Se c) H S d) H Te

308.Among the following isostructural compounds, identify the compound which has the
2 2 2 2

highest lattice energy

a) LiF b) LiCl c) NaCl d) MgO

309.Which species is diamagnetic in nature?

a) H e+ ¿¿ b) H c) H +¿¿ d) H −¿ ¿

310.Which of the following compounds would have the highest boiling point?
2 2 2 2

a) C H C H C H C H b) C H N H c) C H OH d) C H F

311. Hybridisation of central atom in N F3 is

3 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 2

a) 3 b) sp c) 2 d) 2
sp sp dsp
312.Which of the compounds has highest boiling point?

a) Acetone b) Diethyl ether c) Methanol d) Ethanol

313. The number and type of bonds between two carbon atoms in CaC 2 are:

a) One sigma (σ ) and one pi (π )-bond

b) One sigma (σ ) and two pi (π )-bonds
c) One sigma (σ ) and one and a half pi (π )-bond
d) One sigma (σ ) bond
314.Which of the following hydrogen bonds are strongest in vapour phase?

a) HF---HF b) HF--- HCl c) HCL--- HCl d) HF---Hi

P a g e | 31
315. The bond angle and hybridization in ether (C H 3 OC H 3) is:

a) 3 b) 3 c) 3 d) None of these
106 ͦ 51' , s p 104 ͦ 31 ' , s p 110ͦ , s p
316.Which has the highest bond energy?

a) Hydrogen bond b) Triple bond c) Double bond d) Single bond

317. Among the following compounds the one that is polar and has central atom with s p2-
hybridisation is:
a) H C O b) Si F c) B F d) HCl O

318.The incorrect statement among the following is:

2 3 4 3 2

The first ionization potential of Al is less than the first ionization

potential of Mg
a)

The second ionization potential of Mg is greater than the second

ionization potential of Na
b)

The first ionization potential of Na is less than the first ionization

potential of Mg
c)

The third ionization potential of Mg is greater than the third ionization

potential of Al
d)

319.The bond angle is smallest in

a) H O b) H S c) BeC l d) N O

320. The number of electrons in the valence shell of sulphur in S F6 is

2 2 2 2

a) 12 b) 10 c) 8 d) 11

321.Acetic acid exists as dimer in benzene due to:

a) Condensation reaction

b) Hydrogen bonding

c) Presence of carboxyl group

d) Presence of hydrogen atom at α -carbon

322.The correct order of hybridization of the central atom in the following species
and BC l 3 is:
2−¿, PC l 5 ¿
N H 3 , [ PtC l 4 ]
a) 2 3 2 3 b) 3 2 3 2 c) 2 2 3 3 d) 2 3 2 3
ds p , ds p , s p , s p s p , ds p , ds p , s p ds p , s p , s p , ds p ds p , s p , s p , ds p
323.Chemical bond formation takes place when?

a) Energy is absorbed

b) Forces of attraction overcome forces of repulsion

c) Forces of repulsion overcome forces of attraction

d) Forces of attraction are equal to forces of repulsion

324. N H 3 has higher boiling point than expected, because:

P a g e | 32
 a) With water it forms N H 4 OH
b) It has strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds

c) It has strong intermolecular covalent bonds

d) Its density decreases in freezing

325. Which of the following represents the Lewis structure of N 2 molecule?

a) b) c) d)

326.Which of the following has a bond order of 1.75?

a) Cl O−¿¿ b) Cl O−¿¿ c) N O−¿¿ d) C O2−¿¿

327.Higher is the bond order, greater is:

3 4 3 3

a) Bond dissociation energy

b) Covalent character

c) Bond length

d) Paramagnetism

328.Which has the highest ionisation potential?

a) Na b) Mg c) C d) F

329.Strongest bond is in:

a) NaCl b) CsCl c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these

330.Which of the following is not correct with respect to bond length of the species?

a) C > C2−¿¿ b) B+¿>B ¿ 2 c) Li +¿>Li ¿

2 d) O >O−¿ ¿

331. The bond order in O 2−¿¿ ion is

2 2 2 2 2 2

a) 3 b) 2 c) 3/2 d) 1

332.Which is likely to have the highest melting point?

a) He b) CsF c) N H d) CHC l

333.Which of the following are not correct?

3 3

Lone pair of electrons present on central atom can give rise to dipole
moment
a)

b) Dipole moment is vector quantity

c) C O2 molecule has dipole moment

Difference in electronegativities of combining atoms can lead to dipole
moment
d)

334. In the formation of N +¿

2
¿
from N 2, the electron is lost from:

P a g e | 33
 a) a σ-orbital b) a π -orbital c) a σ ¿-orbital d) a π ¿-orbital

335.Bond angle of 109 ° 28 ' is found in

a) N H b) H O c) d)

336.The half of the difference between the number of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals
3 2

and antibonding molecular orbitals is known as:

a) Bond order b) Proton order c) Molecular order d) Electron order

337.Which of the following set contains species having same angle around the central atom?

a) S F ,C H , N H b) N F , BC l , N H c) B F , N F , AlC l d) B F , BC l , BB r

338.At ordinary temperature and pressure, among halogens, the chlorine is a gas, bromine is
4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

a liquid and iodine is a solid. This is because:

a) The specific heat is in the order C l > B r > I
Intermolecular forces among molecules of chlorine are the weakest and
2 2 2

those in iodine are the strongest

b)

c) The order of density is I 2> B r 2 >C l 2

d) The order of stability is C l 2 > B r 2> I 2
339.Which of the following has lowest bond angle?

a) Be F b) H O c) N H d) C H

340.Which of the following has shortest carbon-carbon bond length?

2 2 3 4

a) C H b) C H c) C H d) C H

341.Which one of the following constitutes a group of the isoelectronic species?

6 6 2 6 2 4 2 2

a) −¿,CO ,NO ¿
b) c) d)
−¿ , N ¿ 2−¿ ¿ +¿,CO ¿
¿
C 2−¿,O N 2 ,O−¿, ¿
¿
2−¿,CO3
NO
2
¿
+¿, C 2−¿ ,CN
¿ −¿ ,N 2 ,O2 ¿
2
NO 2
CN
342. The s p3 d 2 hybridisation of central atom of a molecule would lead to
2 2

a) Square planar geometry

b) Tetrahedral geometry

c) Trigonal bipyramidal geometry

d) Octahedral geometry

343.Methanol and ethanol are miscible in water due to:

a) Covalent character

b) Hydrogen bonding character

c) Oxygen bonding character

d) None of the above

344. The shape of Cl F 3 is

P a g e | 34
 a) Distorted T- shape b) Pyramidal c) Tetrahedral d) Trigonal planar

345.Which are true statements among the following?

(1) P H 5∧BiC l 5 does not exist
(2 ) pπ —dπ bonds are present in S O 2
(3) Electrons travel with speed of light
(4) Se F 4∧C H 4 has same shape
(5) I 3 has bent geometry
+¿¿

a) 1, 3 b) 1, 2, 5 c) 1, 3, 5 d) 1, 2, 4

346. The actual geometry of NO−¿¿

2 is

a) Planar b) Linear c) V-shape d) Tetrahedral

347.Which has the lowest anion to cation size ratio?

a) LiF b) NaF c) CsI d) CsF

348.The energy change accompanying the process given below is,

g¿ ⟶ NaCl(s):
−¿¿¿
+¿ ( g ) +C l ¿

a) Hydration energy b) Ionization energy c) Electron affinity d) Lattice energy

Na

349.Which of the following has covalent bond?

a) N a S b) AlC l c) NaH d) MgC l

350.The correct order in which the O−O bond length increases in the following is
2 3 2

a) O <O < H O b) H O <O <O c) O <O < H O d) O < H O <O

351. N 2 is less reactive than C N −¿¿ due to

2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3

a) Difference in spin quantum number b) Presence of more electrons in orbitals

c) Absence of dipole moment d) None of the above

352. According to molecular orbital theory for O +¿¿

2 :

a) Bond order is less than O 2 and O 2 is paramagnetic

+¿¿

b) Bond order is more than O 2 and O 2 is paramagnetic

+¿¿

c) Bond order is less than O 2 and O 2 is diamagnetic

+¿¿

d) Bond order is more than O 2 and O 2 is diamagnetic

+¿¿

353.As compared to covalent compounds, electrovalent compounds generally have:

a) Low melting points and low boiling points

b) High melting points and high boiling points

c) Low melting points and high boiling points

d) High melting points and low boiling points

354.Which is present in peroxides?

P a g e | 35
 a) O b) 2−¿¿ c) O 2−¿¿ d) O−¿ ¿
O
355.Two hybrid orbitals have a bond angle of 120 ° . The percentage of s character in the
2 2 2

hybrid orbital is nearly

a) 25% b) 33% c) 50% d) 66%

356.Which molecule is T-shaped?

a) Be F b) BC l c) N H d) Cl F

357.Which of the following is paramagnetic?

2 3 3 3

a) O b) C N −¿¿ c) CO d) N O+¿¿

358.Dipole moment is highest for:

2

a) CHC l b) C H c) CH F d) CC l

359.Which will not conduct electricity?

3 4 3 4

a) Aqueous KOH b) Fused NaCl c) Graphite d) KCl in solid state

solution
360.The ionization potential order for which set is correct?

a) Li> K >Cs b) B> Li> K c) Cs> Li > B d) Cs< Li < K

361.The bond that determines the secondary structure of a protein is:

a) Coordinate bond b) Covalent bond c) Hydrogen bond d) Ionic bond

362.Molecular orbital theory was developed mainly by

a) Pauling b) Mulliken c) Thomson d) Pauling and Slater

363.Which species has lone pair on central atom?

a) CC l b) C H c) N H +¿¿ d) H O

364.In which of the following molecules/ions are all the bonds not equal?
4 4 4 2

a) S F b) Si F c) Xe F d) B F −¿ ¿

365.Super octet molecule is:

4 4 4 4

a) F Cl b) PC l c) N H d) None of these

366.The number of unpaired electrons in a paramagnetic diatomic molecule of an element

3 3 3

with atomic number 16 is:

a) 4 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

367.Which of the following statement is not correct?

Hybridisation is the mixing of atomic orbitals prior to their combining

into molecular orbitals
a)

s p hybrid orbitals are formed from two p-atomic orbitals and one s-
2

orbital
b)

d s p hydride orbitals are directed towards the corners of a regular

2 3

octahedron
c)

P a g e | 36
 ds p hybrid orbitals are all at 90 ° to one another
d) 3

368.Which statement is correct?

a) Pi-bond always exists with sigma-bond

b) Pi-bond can exist independently

c) Sigma-bond is weaker than pi-bond

d) Pi-bond is less reactive than sigma-bond

369.Which of the following pair has same structure?

a) PC l ∧S F b) S O ∧N H c) P H ∧BC l d) N H +¿∧ S O 2−¿¿

4 ¿

370.Which of the following has dipole moment?

5 6 2 3 3 3 4

a) C O b) p-dichlorobenzene c) N H d) C H

371.Which one of the following is highest melting halide?

2 3 4

a) AgCl b) AgBr c) AgF d) AgI

372. The hybridisation state of central atom in PC l 5 is

a) 3 b) 3 2 c) 3 d) 2 3
sp d sp d sp d sp
373.The correct order of increasing bond angles in the following triatomic species is:

a) N O−¿<N O < N O 2
+ ¿¿
2 ¿ b) N O+¿<N O < N O 2
−¿ ¿
2 ¿ c) N O+¿<N O −¿< N O2 ¿
2 ¿ d) N O−¿<N O + ¿< N O 2 ¿
2 ¿

ions are isoelectronic. The decreasing order of their size is:

2 2 2 2
2−¿ ¿

374. K +¿ ,C l
2+¿ , S ¿
−¿,C a ¿
¿

a)
2+¿ ¿
+ ¿>C a ¿
−¿> K ¿
¿
S2−¿>C l
b)
2−¿¿
−¿ >S ¿

2+¿> K + ¿> C l ¿
¿
Ca
c)
2−¿ ¿
2+ ¿> S ¿
−¿> C a ¿

K +¿>C l ¿

d)
+¿ ¿
2+¿ >K ¿
¿
−¿> S2−¿> C a ¿
Cl
375.As the s-character of hybridization orbitals increases, the bond angle:

a) Increases b) Decreases c) Does not change d) Becomes zero

376. AlC l 3is covalent while Al F 3 is ionic. This fact can be justified on the basis of

a) Valence bond b) Crystal structure c) Lattice energy d) Fajan rule

theory
377.Which one of the following is a correct set with respect to molecule, hybridisation and
shape?
a) BeC l , s p 2 , linear b) BeC l , s p 2 ,triangular planar
2 2

c) BC l , s p 2 , triangular planar d) BC l , s p 3 , tetrahedral

378. In Br F 3 molecule, the lone pairs occupy equatorial positions to minimize

3 3

a) Lone pair – bond pair repulsion only

P a g e | 37
 b) Bond pair – bond pair repulsion only

c) Lone pair – lone pair repulsion and lone pair – bond pair repulsion

d) Lone pair – lone pair repulsion only

379.The correct order of decreasing polarity is

a) HF > S O > H O> N H b) HF > H O>S O > N H

2 2 3 2 2 3

c) HF > N H > S O > H O d) H O> N H > S O > H F

380.The process requiring the absorption of energy is:

3 2 2 2 3 2

a) F−F−¿¿ b) H → H −¿¿ c) Cl → C l−¿ ¿ d) 2−¿¿

O →O
381. In O−¿ ,O ¿
and O 2
2−¿¿
molecular species, the total number of antibonding electrons
respectively are
2
2

a) 7 , 6, 8 b) 1, 0, 2 c) 6, 6, 6 d) 8, 6, 8

382. s p3 hybridisation is found in

a) CO 2−¿¿ b) B F c) NO−¿¿ d) N H

383.Among the following metals interatomic forces are probably weakest in:
3 3 3 3

a) Cu b) Ag c) Zn d) Hg

384.Which of the following phenomenon will occur when two atoms of an element with same
spin of electron in orbitals approach each other?
a) Orbitals will overlap

b) Orbitals will not overlap

c) Bonding will take place

d) A diatomic molecule will be formed

385.If the bond has zero per cent ionic character, the bond is:

a) Pure covalent b) Partial covalent c) Partial ionic

d) Coordinate
covalent
386.Which bond angle θ would result in the maximum dipole moment for the triatomic
molecule yxy ?
a) θ=90 ° b) θ=120° c) θ=150° d) θ=180°

387.The species having bond order different from that in CO is

a) N O−¿¿ b) N O+¿¿ c) C N −¿¿ d) N

388.The species having octahedral shape is:

2

a) S F b) B F −¿ ¿ c) PC l d) BO3 −¿ ¿

389.The following compounds have been arranged in order of their increasing thermal
6 4 5 3

stabilities. Identify the correct order:

K 2 C O3 (I) MgC O3 (II)

P a g e | 38
 CaC O3 (III) BeC O3 (IV)
a) I < II < III < IV b) IV < II < III < I c) IV < II < I < III d) II < IV < III < I

390.Which of the following will show least dipole moment?

a) Ethane b) Ether c) Ethanol d) Water

391.Which has the minimum bond energy?

a) H — Br b) H — I c) I — I d) H — H

392.The polarising ability of which one of the following is highest?

a) Small highly positive ion

b) Large positive ion

c) Small highly negative ion

d) Large negative ion

393.Which is expected to show paramagnetism?

a) Cl O b) S O c) C O d) SiO

394.Highest covalent character is found in which of the following?

2 2 2 2

a) Ca F b) CaC l c) Ca I d) CaB r

395.The molecule which has zero moment is

2 2 2 2

a) C H Cl b) N F c) B F d) Cl O

396.Hydrogen bond is strongest in

3 3 3 2

a) b) c) d)

397.The only molecule having dipole moment is

a) 2,2-dimethylpropane

b) trans-2-pentene

c) trans-3-hexene

d) 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane

398.Two lone pairs of electrons and two bond pairs are present in:

a) N H b) B F c) C O2−¿¿ d) N H −¿¿

399.The lattice enthalpy and hydration enthalpy of four compounds are given below.
3 3 3 2

Compoun Lattice Hydration

d enthalpy enthalpy
(in kJ (in kJ
) mo l )
P +780 -920
−1 −1
mo l

Q +1012 -812
R +828 -878

P a g e | 39
 S +632 -600
The pair of compounds which is soluble in water is
a) P and Q b) Q and R c) R and S d) P and R

400.The increase in bond order results in:

a) Decrease in bond length and increase in bond energy

b) Decrease in bond length and bond energy

c) Increase in bond length and bond energy

d) None of the above

401.The correct stability order of the following resonance structure is

a) (I)> (II) > (IV) > (III) b) (I)> (III) > (II) > (IV)

c) (II)> (I) > (III) > (IV) d) (III)> (I) > (IV) > (II)

402.Which is not characteristic of π-bond?

a) π-bond is formed when a sigma bond already formed

b) π-bond is formed from hybrid orbitals

c) π-bond may be formed by the overlapping of p-orbitals

d) π-bond results from lateral overlap of atomic orbitals

403. A molecule in which s p2-hybrid orbitals are used by the central atom in forming covalent
bond is:
a) H e b) S O c) PC l d) N

404.Which species has the highest bond order?

2 2 5 2

a) O b) O 2−¿¿ c) N d) Both O and O 2−¿¿

405. Molecular shapes of S F 4 ,C F 4 , Xe F 4 are

2 2 2 2 2

a) The same with 2, 0 and 1 lone pair of electron respectively

b) The same with 1, 1 and 1 lone pair of electrons respectively

c) Different with 0, 1 and 2 lone pair of electrons respectively

d) Different with 1, 0 and 2 lone pair of electrons respectively

406.The correct sequence of hybridisation of methane, ethene and acetylene is

a) 2 3 b) 2 3 c) 3 2 d) 3 2
sp , s p , s p s p , s p , sp s p , s p , sp s p , sp , s p
407.The nature of the bond in diamond is

a) Ionic b) Covalent c) Metallic d) Coordinate

P a g e | 40
 covalent
408.The set representing the correct order of first ionization potential is:

a) K > Na> Li b) Be> Mg >Ca c) B>C> N d) ¿> Si>C

409.Amongst the following, the molecule that is linear is

a) S O b) Be H c) Cl O d) N O

410.Which of the following species does not exist under normal conditions?
2 2 2 2

a) 2 +¿¿ b) B e c) B d) L i
Be
411.How many σ and π – bonds are present in toluene?
2 2 2

a) 3 π +8 σ b) 3 π +10 σ c) 3 π +15 σ d) 6 π +3 σ

412.Octet rule is not valid for the molecule:

a) C O b) H O c) O d) CO

413. C O2 has the same geometry as:

2 2 2

( A ) HgC l 2 , ( B ) N O2 , (C ) SnC l 4 , ( D ) C 2 H 2
a) A and C b) B and D c) A and D d) C and D

414.Concept of bond order in the molecular orbital theory depends on the number of
electrons in the bonding and antibonding orbitals. The bond order:
a) Can have a −ve value
b) Has always an integral value

c) Is a non-zero quantity

d) Can assume any + ve value, including zero

415.The number of σ and π -bonds in pent-4-en-1-yne are respectively:

a) 3, 10 b) 9, 4 c) 4, 9 d) 10, 3

416.The Cl —C —Cl angle in 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethene and tetrachloromethane respectively

will be about:
a) 109.5 and 900 b) 120 and 109.5 c) 90 and 109.5 d) 109.5 and 120

417.Which set has strongest tendency to form anions?

a) Ga ,∈ ,Te b) Na , Mg , Al c) N , O, F d) V , Cr , Mn

418.From elementary molecular orbital theory we can give the electronic configuration of the
singly positive nitrogen molecular ion N 2 as
+¿ ¿

a) 2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 4 1 b) 2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 3
lσ 1s ,σ 1s ,σ 2s ,σ 2s ,π 2 p ,σ 2 p σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s ,σ 2 s , σ 2 p , π 2 p
c) 2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 3 2 d) 2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 4
σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s ,σ 2 s , σ 2 p , π 2 p σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s ,σ 2 s , σ 2 p , π 2 p
419. N H 3 has much higher boiling point than P H 3 because

a) N H 3 has larger molecular weight

P a g e | 41
 b) N H 3 undergoes umbrella inversion
c) N H 3 forms hydrogen bond
d) N H 3 contains ionic bonds whereas P H 3 contains covalent bonds
420.In a crystal, the atoms are located at the positions of:

a) Maximum potential energy

b) Minimum potential energy

c) Zero potential energy

d) Infinite potential energy

421.Which substance has the greatest ionic character?

a) C l O b) NC l c) PbC l d) BaC l

422.The conductivity of the metal decreases with increases in temperature because

2 3 2 2

a) The kinetic energy of the electron increases

b) The movement of electrons becomes haphazard

c) The kernels start vibrating

d) The metal becomes hot and starts emitting radiations

423.Which of the following when dissolved in water forms a solution, i.e., non-conducting?

a) Chile salt petre b) Potash alum

c) Green vitriol d) Ethyl alcohol

424.Which bond is more polar?

a) Cl —Cl b) N — F c) C — F d) O — F

425.The pairs of bases in DNA are held together by:

a) Hydrogen bonds b) Ionic bonds c) Phosphate groups d) Deoxyribose groups

426.Which of the following has highest bond angle?

a) H O b) H S c) N H d) P H

427. The compound in which carbon atom uses only s p3 - hybrid orbitals for bond formation is
2 2 3 3

a) HCOOH b) N H CON H c) ( C H ) COH d) C H CHO

428.For the type of interactions; (I) Covalent bond, (II) van der Waals’ forces, (III) Hydrogen
2 2 3 3 3

bonding, (IV) Dipole-dipole interaction, which represents the correct order of increasing
stability?
a) ( I ) < ( III ) < ( II ) <(IV )
b) ( II ) < ( III ) < ( IV ) <(I )

P a g e | 42
 c) ( II ) < ( IV ) < ( III ) <(I )
d) ( IV ) < ( II ) < ( III ) <(I )
429.If the ionization potential for hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV, then the ionization potential for
H e ion should be:
+ ¿¿

a) 72.2 eV b) 54.4 eV c) 6.8 eV d) 13.6 eV

430.The hydrogen bonding is strongest in:

a) O — H … S b) S— H … O c) F — H … F d) F — H … O

431.The correct increasing order of polarising power is:

a)
+ ¿¿
2+ ¿< K ¿

2+¿< M g2+ ¿< Be ¿

¿
Ca
b)
2+¿ ¿
+¿ <C a ¿
2+ ¿< K ¿
¿
M g 2+¿<B e
c)
2+¿ ¿
2+¿ < Mg ¿
+ ¿< Ca ¿

B e2 +¿<K ¿

d)
2+¿ ¿
2+¿ <B e ¿

+¿<C a2+ ¿< M g ¿

¿
K
432.Acetate ion contains:

a) One C, O single bond and one C, O double bond

b) Two C, O single bonds

c) Two C, O double bonds

d) None of the above

433. Which one is paramagnetic and has the bond order half ( 0.5 ) ?

a) F b) N c) O d) H +¿¿

434.Which one is correct?

2 2 2 2

a) Dinitrogen is paramagnetic

b) Dihydrogen is paramagnetic

c) Dioxygen is paramagnetic

d) Dioxygen is diamagnetic

435. IP is influenced by:

a) Size of atom

b) Charge on nucleus

c) Electrons present in inner shells

d) All of the above

436. The hybridization of atomic orbitals of nitrogen in N O+¿¿

2 , N O3
−¿¿
and N H 4 are:
+¿¿

sp , s p and s p respectively
a) 3 2

P a g e | 43
 sp , s p and s p respectively
b) 2 3

s p , sp and s p respectively
c) 2 3

s p , s p and sp respectively
d) 2 3

437. The bond between carbon atoms (1) and (2) in compound N ≡C−CH =C H 2,
(1) (2)
involves the hybrid orbitals;
a) 2 3 b) 2 c) 3 d) sp , sp
s p ,s p sp , s p sp , s p
438.Which of the following has lowest boiling point?

a) NaCl b) CuCl c) CuC l d) CsCl

439.When metals react with non-metals, the metal atoms tend to

2

a) Share electrons b) Lose electrons c) Gain electrons d) None of the above

440.Which one has more tendency to form covalent compounds?

a) Ba b) Be c) Mg d) Ca

441.The order of melting point of ortho, para, meta-nitrophenol is

a) o >m> p b) p>m>o c) m> p>o d) p>o >m

442. Number of non-bonding electron pair on Xe in Xe F 6 , Xe F 4 and Xe F 2 respectively will be

a) 6, 4, 2 b) 1, 2, 3 c) 3, 2, 1 d) 0, 3, 2

443.The hybridization of carbon in diamond, graphite and acetylene is:

a) 3 2 b) 3 2 c) 2 3 d) 3 2
s p , s p , sp s p , sp , s p s p , s p , sp sp , s p s p
444.The molecule, ion which is pyramidal in shape is

a) NO−¿¿ b) PC l c) CO 2−¿¿ d) S O

445. The number of lone pairs of Xe in Xe F 2, Xe F 4 and Xe F 6 respectively are

3 3 3 3

a) 3, 2, 1 b) 2, 4, 6 c) 1, 2, 3 d) 6, 4, 2

446.The electronic structure of the four elements A , B ,C and D are,

( A ) =1 s2 ; ( B )=1 s 2 ,2 s 2 2 p2 ; ( C ) =1 s2 , 2 s 2 2 p 5 ; ( D )=1 s 2 , 2 s 2 2 p 6.
The tendency to form electrovalent bond is maximum in:
a) A b) B c) C d) D

447. C−C bond order in benzene is

a) 1 b) 2 c) Between 1 and 2 d) None of these

448.For the formation of covalent bond, the difference in the value of electronegativities
should be:
a) Equal to or less than 1.7

b) More than 1.7

P a g e | 44
 c) 1.7 or more

d) None of the above

449.Which among the following elements has lowest value of ionisation energy?

a) Pb b) Sn c) Si d) C

450.In coordinate bond, the acceptor atoms must essentially contain in its valency shell an
orbitals:
a) With paired b) With single c) With no electron d) With three
electron electron electrons
451.How many σ -and π -bonds are there in the molecule of tetracyanoethylene?

a) Nine σ - and nine π b) Five σ - and nine π c) Nine σ - and seven π d) Five σ - and eight π

452.Paramagnetism of oxygen is explained on the basis of its electronic configuration of

a) b) c) d)

453.The compound possessing most strongly ionic nature is:

a) SrC l b) BaC l c) CaC l d) CsCl

454.The complex ion which has no ‘d ’ electrons in the central metal atom is:
2 2 2

a) Mn O −¿¿ b) Co N H 3+ ¿¿ c) d) Cr H O 3+¿¿
[ ( 3 )6 ] [ ( 2 )6 ]
3−¿¿
[ 4] [ Fe ( CN )6 ]
455.Which of the following species is least stable?

a) O b) O +¿¿ c) O−¿ ¿ d) O 2−¿¿

456. The dipole moment of HBr is 1.6 ×10−30C-m and interatomic spacing is 1 Å . The % ionic
2 2 2 2

character of HBr is
a) 7 b) 10 c) 15 d) 27

457.Which group of atoms have nearly same atomic radius?

a) Na , K , Rb ,Cs b) Li , Be , B , C c) Fe , Co ,∋, Cu d) F , Cl , Br , I

458.Bond polarity of diatomic molecule is because of

a) Difference in electron affinity of the two atoms

b) Difference in electronegativities of the two atoms

c) Difference in ionisation potential

d) All of the above

459. The hybridization of P in P O3−¿¿

4 is same as in:

a) I ∈IC l−¿¿ b) S∈S O c) N ∈ N O−¿¿ d) S∈S O 2−¿ ¿

4 3 3 4

P a g e | 45
460. AB is an ionic solid. The ionic radii of A+¿ ¿ and B+¿¿ are respectively r c andr a . Lattice
energy of AB is proportional to
a) r c b) (r +r ) c) r a d) 1
c a
ra rc (r c +r a)
461.Which contains a coordinate and covalent bond?

a) BaC l b) N H Cl c) HCl d) H O

462.Covalent radius of Li is 123 pm. The crystal radius of Li will be:

2 4 2

a) ¿ 123 pm b) ¿ 123 pm c) +123 pm d) ¿ 123 pm

463.Which of the following does not contain coordinate bond?

2

a) B H −¿¿ b) N H +¿¿ c) C O2−¿¿ d) H O+¿¿

464. The bond order of C +¿¿ is:

4 4 3 3

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3/2 d) 1/2

465.With increasing bond order, stability of a bond

a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains unaltered d) None of these

466.Molecular orbitals theory was proposed by:

a) Werner b) Kossel c) Moseley d) Mullikan

467.The isoelectronic pair is

a) C l O, ICl−¿¿ b) Cl−¿, Cl O ¿2 c) IF +¿, I −¿¿

3 ¿ d) ClO−¿ ,ClF +¿¿
2 ¿

468.The compound 1,2-butadiene has

2 2 2 2 2

sp , s p and s p hybridised carbon atoms

b) Only
s p hybridised carbon atoms
a) 2 3 2

c) Only sp hybridised carbon atoms d) Only spand 2 hybridised carbon atoms

sp
469.The correct order of ionic radii is:

a) b) c) d) All of these
+¿ ¿
3+ ¿¿ −¿> O ¿ + ¿¿
¿ −¿>I >I ¿
Fe> F e2 +¿>F e ¿
O2−¿>O I
470.The shape of sulphate ion is

a) Square planar b) Trigonal c) Trigonal planar d) Tetrahedral

471. Molecular shape of S F 4 ,C F 4 and Xe F 4 are:

a) The same with 2, 0 and 1 lone pair of electrons respectively

b) The same with 1, 1 and 1 lone pair of electrons respectively.

c) Different with 0, 1 and 2 lone pairs of electrons respectively.

d) Different with 1, 0 and 2 lone pairs of electrons respectively.

472. Which of the following is s p3 hybridised?

P a g e | 46
 a) N H b) B H c) PC l d) AlC l

473.Sodium chloride is soluble in water but not in benzene because

3 3 5 3

a) ∆ H b) ∆ H
hdydration< ∆ H lattice energy ∈water ∧∆ H hdydration> ∆ H lattice energy hdydration> ∆ H lattice energy ∈water ∧∆ H hdydration< ∆ H lattice energy ∈
∈benzene

c) ∆ H d) H
hdydration=∆ H lattice energy∈ water∧∆ H hdydration <∆ H lattice ∆ benzene < ∆ H lattice energy ∈water ∧∆ H Hdydration=∆ H lattice energy

474.The pair likely to form the strongest hydrogen bonding:

energy∈
Hdydration

a) H O ∧H O b) HCOOH ∧C H COOHc) C H COOH ∧C H COOC

d) SiHH ∧SiC l

475.The number of sigma and pi bonds in 1- butane 3-yne are:

2 2 2 3 3 3 34 4

a) 5 σ and5 π b) 6 σ and4 π c) 7 σ and3 π d) 8 σ and2 π

476.Which is soluble in water?

a) AgF b) AgCl c) AgBr d) AgI

477.Which of the following compounds has the lowest melting point?

a) Ca F b) CaC l c) CaB r d) Ca I

478. s p3 hybridisation is not found in

2 2 2 2

a) H O b) C H c) BC l d) N H

479. Amongst H 2 O, H 2 S , H 2 Se and H 2 Te, the one with highest boiling point is:
2 4 3 3

a) H 2 O because of hydrogen bonding

b) H 2 Te because of higher molecular weight
c) H 2 S because of hydrogen bonding
d) H 2 Se because of lower molecular weight
480.Which of the following is false?

a) Methane molecule is tetrahedral in shape

b) Nickel tetrachloride is square planar in shape

c) P2 O 5 is like two pyramids joined at their apices

d) Acetylene is non-linear

481.The pair of elements which on combination are most likely to form an ionic compound is:

a) Na and Ca b) K∧O c) O ∧C l d) Al∧I

482.Among the following the maximum covalent character is shown by the compound.
2 2 2 2

a) FeC l b) SnC l c) AlC l d) MgC l

483.Dipole-dipole attractive forces are strongest between the molecules of:

2 2 3 2

a) He b) C H c) C O d) H O
4 2 2

P a g e | 47
484. The type of hybridization of sulphur atom present in S O 2 and S O 3 is respectively:

a) 2 b) 2 2 c) 2 3 d) 3
sp , s p s p ,s p s p ,s p sp , s p
485.The electrons used in bonding atoms:

a) Belong to outermost shell

b) Belong to penultimate shell

c) Belong to outermost shell and sometimes penultimate shell

d) Belong to penultimate shell and sometimes to outermost shell

486. Given are O 2, O +¿¿

2 , O2
2+¿ ¿
and O 2
2−¿¿
respectively. Find the correct increasing bond order

a) b)
+ ¿¿ 2+¿ ¿
2+ ¿<O 2 ¿ +¿< O2 ¿
2−¿<O2 ¿ 2−¿<O2<O 2 ¿
O 2 <O2 O2
c) d)
2+ ¿ ¿
2−¿<O 2 <O 2 ¿
+¿<O2 ¿
O2
487.In a homonuclear molecule which of the following set of orbitals is degenerate?

a) σ 2 s andσ 1 s b) c) π 2 p and σ 2 p d)

488.The electronegativity order of O, F, Cl and Br is:

x z

a) F> O> Cl> Br b) F> Cl< Br >O c) Br> Cl> F >O d) F< Cl< Br <O

489.Solid NaCl is a bad conductor of electricity because:

a) In solid NaCl there are no ions

b) Solid NaCl is covalent
c) In solid NaCl there is no velocity of ions
d) In solid NaCl there are no electrons
490. The number of lone pairs is same in PC l 3 and:

a) BC l b) NC l c) CC l d) PC l

491. CaO and NaCl have the same crystal structure and approximately the same ionic radii. If U
3 3 4 5

is the lattice energy of NaCl, the approximate lattice of CaO is

a) U b) U c) 2 U d) 4 U
2
492. In the molecule CH ≡ C−CH =C H 2, the hybridisation of C – C bond is

a) 2 b) 3 3 c) 2 2 d) 3
s p −sp s p −s p s p −s p s p −sp
493. Shape and hybridisation of I F 5 respectively are

a) Trigonal bipyramidal, s p3 d
b) Sea-saw, s p3 d
c) Square pyramidal, s p3 d 2

P a g e | 48
 d) Pentagonal pyramidal, s p3 d 3
494. Which of the following set of properties belong to PCl5 ?

s p , tetrahedral, 4 valence shell pairs of electrons

a) 3

s p d , trigonal bipyramidal, 5 valence shell pairs of electrons

b) 3

s p d , octahedral, 6 valence shell pairs of electrons

c) 3 2

s p d ,square planar, 4 valence shell pairs of electrons

d) 3

495. In a polar molecule, the ionic charge is 4.8 × 10−10esu. If the interionic distance is 1 Å unit,
then the dipole moment is
a) 0.48 debye b) 4.18 debye c) 4.8 debye d) 41.8 debye

496.The double bonds between the two carbon atoms in ethylene consists of:

a) Two sigma-bonds at right angles to each other

b) One sigma-bond and one pi-bond

c) Two pi-bonds at right angles to each other

d) Two pi-bonds at an angle of 60 to each other

497. The state of hybridisation of S in S F 4 is

s p and has a lone pair of electron

a) 3

s p and has tetrahedral structure

b) 2

s p d and has a trigonal bipyramidal structure

c) 3

s p d and has an octahedral structure

d) 3 2

498. In O F 2, number of bond pair and lone pairs of electrons are respectively:

a) 2, 6 b) 2, 8 c) 2, 10 d) 2, 9

499.In which pair, the first atom or ion is not larger than the second?

a) N , F b) −¿ ,Cl ¿ c) O , S d) 3+ ¿¿
¿
Cl F e 2+¿ , F e
500.The maximum number of hydrogen bonds that a molecule of water can have is

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

501.The isoelectronic species among the following are:

I —C H +¿ ;II ¿
—N H 2
+¿; III ¿
—N H 4
+¿; IV ¿
—N H 3
a) I, II, III b) II, III, IV c) I, II, IV d) II, I
3

502.Dipole moment is exhibited by:

a) 1, 4-dichlorobenzene

b) 1, 2-dichlorobenzene

P a g e | 49
 c) Trans- 1, 2-dichloroethene
d) Trans-1, 2-dichloro-2-butene
503.In a multi-electron atom, the energy of a 2 p-orbital is:

a) Less than that of 2 s-orbital

b) More than that of 2 s-orbital
c) Equal to that of 2 s-orbital
d) Double that of 2 s-orbital
504. In which molecule the central atom does not use s p3-hybrid orbitals in its bonding?

a) N H −¿¿ b) Be F −¿ ¿ c) S O C l d) S O 2−¿¿

505. Rb O2 is
2 3 2 2 4

a) Peroxide and paramagnetic b) Peroxide and diamagnetic

c) Superoxide and paramagnetic d) Superoxide and diamagnetic

506.Ionization energy of nitrogen is more than oxygen because:

a) Nucleus has more attraction for electrons

b) Half-filled p-orbitals are more stable

c) Nitrogen atom is small

d) More penetration effect

507.The high melting point and insolubility in organic solvents of sulphanilic acid are due to
its---structure
a) Simple ionic b) Cubic c) Bipolar ionic d) hexagonal

508.Which of the following does not have a coordinate bond?

a) S O b) H S O c) HN O d) HN O

509.Which of the following sequence regarding ionisation potential of coinage metal is

2 2 3 2 3

correct:
a) Cu> Ag> Au b) Cu< Ag< Au c) Cu> Ag< Au d) Ag>Cu< Au

510.Which, molecule has zero dipole moment?

a) HBr b) AgI c) PbS O d) H O

511. BC l 3 is a planar molecule, while NC l 3 is pyramidal, because

4 2

a) N – Cl bond is more covalent than B – Cl bond

b) Nitrogen atom is smaller than boron atom

c) B – Cl bond is more polar than N – Cl bond

d) BC l 3 has no lone pair of electrons but NC l 3 has a lone pair of electrons

P a g e | 50
512.Hybridisation of the underline atom changes in

a) A l H changes to Al H−¿ ¿ b) H Ochanges to H O+¿¿

d) In all cases
3 4 2 3

c) N H changes to NH +¿¿

513.Which molecule has hydrogen bonding

3 4

a) C H b) C H COOH c) ¿ H d) H Te

514.The energy released when a neutral gaseous atom takes up an electron is called:
4 3 4 2

a) Ionization energy b) Solvation energy c) Electronegativity d) Electron affinity

515. In N O−¿¿
3 ion, number of bond pair and lone pair electrons are respectively:

a) 2, 2 b) 3, 1 c) 1, 3 d) 4, 8

516. Which has s p2-hybridisation?

a) C O b) S O c) N O d) CO

517. A s p3-hybrid orbital contains:

2 2 2

a) 1/4 s-character b) 1/2 s-character c) 2/3 s-character d) 3/4 s-character

518. In the formation of N O+¿¿ from NO, the electron is removed from

a) aσ orbital b) a π orbital c) aσ ¿ orbital d) a π ¿orbital

519.The decreasing order of the second ionization energy of K, Ca and Ba is:

a) K >Ca> Ba b) Ca> Ba> K c) Ba> K >Ca d) K > Ba>Ca

520. The value of n in the molecular formula Ben A I 2 S i 6 O 18 is

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

521.Compound X is anhydride of sulphuric acid. The number of σ bonds∧¿ the number of π -

bonds present in X are, respectively.
a) 3, 3 b) 4, 2 c) 2, 4 d) 4, 3

522. O F 2 is:

a) Linear molecule and sp-hybridized

b) Tetrahedral molecule and s p3-hybridized
c) Bent molecule and s p3-hybridized
d) None of the above

523.Which is not true in case of ionic bond?

a) It is linear bond

b) It is 100% ionic

c) It is formed between two atoms with large electronegativity difference

P a g e | 51
 d) None of the above

524. Which of the following are possible resonating structure of N 2 O?

a) I and II b) I and III c) I, II and III d) All of these

525.The number of σ and π – bonds in a molecule of acetonitrile are respectively

a) 2, 5 b) 3, 4 c) 4, 3 d) 5, 2

526.Strongest hydrogen bond is present in

a) b) c) d)

527.In the cyanide ion, the formal negative charge is on:

a) C

b) N

c) Both C and N

d) Resonate between C and N

528.The trigonal bipyramidal geometry results from the hybridisation

ds p or s p d ds p or s p d d s p or s p d d p ord p
a) 3 3 b) 2 2 c) 2 3 3 2 d) 3 2 2 3

529.Which one of the following molecules has the smallest bond angle?

a) N H b) P H c) H O d) H Se
3 3 2 2

530.
The bond angle in is 104.5. This fact can be best explained with the help of
H2 O

a) Valence shell electron pair repulsionb) Molecular orbital theory

(VSEPR) theory
c) Presence of hydrogen bond d) Electronegativity difference between
hydrogen and oxygen atoms
531.Which of the two ions from the list given below that have the geometry that is explained
by the same hybridization of orbitals, N O−¿, ?
−¿ ¿
−¿ , N H +¿ ,SC N ¿¿
4
−¿, N H 2 ¿
NO 3 ¿
2
a) N O−¿∧N H −¿¿
¿ b) N O−¿∧N O −¿¿
¿ c) N H +¿∧ N O −¿¿
¿ d) −¿¿
−¿∧N H 2 ¿
2 3 3
SC N
532.Which of the following is non – linear molecule?
2 2 4

a) S O b) C O c) C S d) BeC l

533.Which contains both covalent and ionic bonds?

3 2 2 2

a) CC l b) KCN c) CaC l d) H O
4 2 2

P a g e | 52
534.In the formation of NaCl by combination of Na and Cl :

a) Sodium and chlorine both lose electrons

b) Sodium and chlorine both gain electrons

c) Sodium loses but chlorine gains electrons

d) Sodium gains but chlorine loses electrons

535.Which of the following has linear structure?

a) CC l b) C H c) C H d) S O

536. A molecule (X) has (i) four sigma bonds formed by the overlap of s p2 and s - orbitals (ii)
4 2 4 2 2 2

one sigma bond formed by s p2 and s p2 orbitals and (iii) one π bond formed by p x and p z
orbitals. Which of the following is X?
a) C H b) C H Cl c) C H C l d) C H

537.The lowest ionization energy would be associated with the electronic structure:
2 6 2 3 2 2 2 2 4

a) 2 2 6 1 b) 2 2 5 c) 2 2 6 d) 2 2 6 2
1s ,2s 2 p ,3s 1s ,2s 2 p 1s ,2s 2 p 1s ,2s 2 p ,3s
538.Which is correct in the following?

a) Radius of Cl atom is 0.99Å, while that of C l ion is 1.54 Å

+¿ ¿

b) Radius of Cl atom is 0.99 Å, while that of Na atom is 1.54 Å

c) The radius of Cl atom is 0.95 Å, while that of C l ion is 0.81 Å
−¿ ¿

d) Radius of Na atom is 0.95 Å, while that of N a ion is 1.54 Å

+¿ ¿

539. How many unpaired electrons are present in N 2 ?

+¿ ¿

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

540.Which one of the following compounds has the smallest bond angle in its molecule?

a) S O b) O H c) S H d) N H

541. Which of the following is isostructural with C O2 ?

2 2 2 3

a) N O b) N O c) N O d) NO

542.The electronic configuration of four elements L , P , Q and R are given in brackets

2 2 2 5

L ( 1 s 2 , 2 s 2 , 2 p 4 ) , P ( 1 s2 , 2 s2 , 2 p 6 , 3 s 1 ) ,Q ( 1 s 2 ,2 s2 , 2 p6 , 3 s 2 , 3 p5 ) , R (1 s 2 , 2 s 2 , 2 p 6 ,3 s2 ) The formula
of ionic compounds that can be formed between these elements are
a) L p , RL, PQ and R Q b) LP , RL , PQ and RQ c) P L , RL, PQ and R Q d) LP , R L , P Q ,and RQ

543.In which of the following ionisation processes, the bond order has increased and the
2 2 2 2 2 2

magnetic behaviour has changed?

a) C ⟶ C+ ¿¿ b) NO ⟶ N O+¿¿ c) O ⟶ O+¿ ¿ d) N ⟶ N + ¿¿

544.The size of ionic species is correctly given in the order:

2 2 2 2 2 2

a)
+¿ ¿
2+¿ >N a ¿

7 +¿>S i 4+ ¿> M g ¿
¿
Cl

P a g e | 53
 b)
7+¿ ¿
4+¿ >C l ¿
2+ ¿> Si ¿

N a+¿> M g ¿

c)
4+ ¿ ¿
7+¿ >Si ¿
2+ ¿>C l ¿

N a+¿> M g ¿

d)
4+ ¿ ¿
2+¿ >Si ¿

7 +¿>N a+ ¿> M g ¿
¿
Cl
545.Which of the following has the minimum bond length?

a) O b) O +¿¿ c) O−¿ ¿ d) O 2−¿¿

546.In acetylene molecule, between the carbon atoms there are

2 2 2 2

a) Three pi bonds b) One sigma and two pi bonds

c) Two sigma and one pi bonds d) Three sigma bonds

547. The ionic radii of N 3−¿ ,O are respectively given by:

−¿ ¿
2−¿∧F ¿
¿

a) 1.36, 1.40, 1.71 b) 1.36, 1.71, 1.40 c) 1.71, 1.40, 1.36 d) 1.71, 1.36, 1.40

548.Bond order of 1.5 is shown by:

a) O 2−¿¿ b) O c) O +¿¿ d) O−¿ ¿

549.In which of the process, the bond order increases and magnetic behaviour changes?
2 2 2 2

a) N → N +¿ ¿ b) C → C+¿ ¿ c) NO → N O + ¿¿ d) O → O+¿¿

550.Which involves a bond forming process?

2 2 2 2 2 2

a) Stretching rubber

b) Dissolution of sugar in water

c) Rusting of iron

d) Emission of γ-rays by radioactive iron

551.Which is paramagnetic?

a) C l O b) C l O c) C l O d) Cl O

552.Which one of the following pairs of molecules will have permanent dipole moments for
2 6 2 7 2 2

both members?
a) Si F and N O b) N O andC O c) N O andO d) Si F andC O

553. The state of hybridization of boron and oxygen atom in boric acid (H 3 B O3 ) is
4 2 2 2 2 3 4 2

respectively:
a) 3 3 b) 2 3 c) 3 2 d) 2 2
s p ,s p s p ,s p s p ,s p s p ,s p
554.The correct order towards bond angle is

a) 3 2 b) 2 3 c) 3 2 d) 2 3
s p <s p < s p sp< s p < s p sp< s p < s p s p <s p < s p
555. Which orbital is used by oxygen atom to form a sigma bond with other oxyen atom in O 2
molecule?
s p -hybrid orbital s p - hybrid orbital
a) Pure p-orbital b) 2 c) 3 d) sp- hybrid orbital

P a g e | 54
556.Which of the following is a linear molecule?

a) BeC l b) H O c) S O d) CH

557.Which involves breaking of covalent bond?

2 2 2 4

a) Boiling H S b) Melting KCN c) Melting SiO d) Boiling C F

558. For N H 2 , the best three-dimensional view is

2 2 4

a) b) c) d)

559.For the four successive transition elements (Cr, Mn, Fe and Co), the stability of +2
oxidation state will be there in which of the following order?
a) Cr > Mn>Co> Fe
b) Mn> Fe >Cr> Co
c) Fe> Mn >Co>Cr
Co> Mn> Fe >Cr
(At. no. Cr=24 , Mn=25 , Fe=26 ,Co=27 ¿
d)

560. In P O3−¿¿ , the formal charge on each on each oxygen atom and the P−O bond order
respectively are
4

a) −0.75 , 0. 6 b) −0.75 , 1. 0 c) −0.75 , 1.25 d) −3 , 1.25

561.An element X has 3 electrons in p-orbitals and also belongs to III period. Its molecular
formula should be:
a) X b) X c) X d) X

562.Elements having six electrons in its outermost orbit generally form:

2 4 5

a) Complex ion b) Negative ion c) Positive ion d) Zwitter ion

563.Oxygen is divalent, but sulphur exhibits variable valency of 2, 4 and 6, because:

a) Sulphur is less electronegative than oxygen

b) Sulphur is bigger atom than oxygen

c) Ionisation potential of sulphur is more than oxygen

d) Of the presence of d -orbitals in sulphur

564.Of the following sets which one does not contain isoelectronic species?

a) b) c) d)
−¿ ¿ −¿ ¿ −¿ ¿
2−¿ ,NO3 ¿ 2−¿,NO3 ¿ 2−¿ ¿ 2−¿ ,ClO 4 ¿
3 −¿ ,CO 3 ¿ 2−¿ ,CO 3 ¿ 3−¿, SO4 ¿
BO3 SO 3 C N −¿, N , C
2 2 ¿
PO 4
565.In which of the following, unpaired electrons are present?
+¿ ¿
−¿ ,Ba O2 , NO 2 ¿
K O2 , AlO2
a) NO +¿, BaO 2 ¿ b) K O , AlO−¿ ¿ c) Only K O d) Only BaO

566.Which transition involves maximum amount of energy?

2 2 2 2 2

P a g e | 55
 a) −¿ ( g ) ⟶ M ( g) + e¿
M
b) +¿ (g )+ 2e¿

M −¿ (g ) ⟶ M ¿

c) 2+¿ (g )+ e¿

M +¿ ( g )⟶ M ¿

d) 3+ ¿ ( g)+ e¿

M 2+¿ (g ) ⟶ M ¿

567. What is the nature of the bond between B and O in ( C 2 H 5 )2 OB H 3 ?

a) Covalent b) Coordinate covalent

c) Ionic bond d) Banana shaped bond

568. Which does not use s p3-hybrid orbitals in its bonding?

a) Be F −¿ ¿ b) O H +¿¿ c) N H +¿¿ d) N F

569. Hybridisation of C 2andC 3 of

3 3 4 3

H 3 C−CH =C=CH −C H 3 are

a) 3 b) 2 c) 2 2 d) sp , sp
sp , s p s p , sp s p ,s p
570.Maximum covalence of an atom of an element is equal to:

a) Number of unpaired electrons in the s-and p-orbitals of valency shell

b) Number of unpaired electrons in the p-orbitals of valency shell
c) Total number of electrons in the s-and p-orbitals of valency shell
d) Total number of electrons in the p-orbitals of valency shell
571.Which main group elements have a different number of outermost electrons than their
group number?
a) Alkali metals b) Noble gases c) Halogens d) None of these

572.The forces present in the crystals of naphthalene are:

a) Van der Waals’ b) Electrostatic forces c) Hydrogen bonding d) None of these

forces
573.Which does not show inert pair effect?

a) Al b) Sn c) Pb d) Thallium

574.The electronic theory of bonding was proposed by

a) Pauling b) Lewis c) Bronsted d) Mullikan

575.The correct order of decreasing first ionization potential is:

a) C> B> Be> Li b) C> Be> B> Li c) B>C> Be> Li d) Be> Li >B> C

576. The hybridisation of orbitals of N atom in NO−¿¿

3 , NO 2 , and NH 4 are respectively
+¿¿ +¿¿

a) 2 3 b) 2 3 c) 3 2 d) 2 3
sp , s p , s p s p , sp , s p sp , s p , s p s p , s p , sp
577.Which of the following is more ionic?

P a g e | 56
 a) NaCl b) KCl c) MgC l d) CaC l

578.The species showing pπ -dπ overlapping is:

2 2

a) N O−¿¿ b) P O3−¿¿ c) C O2−¿¿ d) N O−¿¿

579. H 2 O has a net dipole moment, while Be F 2 has zero dipole moment, because:
3 4 3 2

a) H 2 O molecule as linear while Be F 2 is bent

b) Be F 2 molecule is linear, while H 2 O is bent
c) Fluorine is more electronegative than oxygen

d) Be is more electronegative than oxygen

580.Among the following which is the strongest oxidising agent?

a) C l b) F c) B r d) I

581.Which of the following molecule in its valence shell has three bond pairs of electrons and
2 2 2 2

one lone pair of electrons?

a) N H b) H O c) B F d) C O

582.Which of the following statements is correct?

3 2 3 2

a) All carbon to carbon bonds contain a σ - bond and one or more π - bonds
b) All carbon to hydrogen bonds are π - bonds
c) All oxygen to hydrogen bonds are hydrogen bonds

d) All carbon to hydrogen bonds are σ - bonds

583. Which of the following has s p2 hybridisation?

a) C H b) C H c) BeC l d) C H

584.The formation of energy bonds in solids are in accordance with

2 6 2 4 2 2 2

a) Heisenberg's uncertainty principle b) Bohr’s theory

c) Ohm’s law d) Rutherford’s atomic model

585.Which of the following configuration is associated with biggest jump between 2nd and
3rd IE ?
a) 2 2 2 b) 2 2 6 1 c) 2 2 6 2 d) 2 2 1
1s ,2s 2 p 1s ,2s 2 p ,3s 1s ,2s 2 p ,3s 1s ,2s 2 p
586.The predominent intermolecular forces in hydrogen fluoride is due to:

a) Dipole-induced dipole interaction

b) Dipole-dipole interaction

c) Hydrogen bond interaction

d) Dispersion interaction

587.Correct order of bond length is

P a g e | 57
 a) CO 2−¿>C O >CO ¿
2 b) C O >CO >CO 2−¿ ¿

d) None of these
3 2 3

c) CO >C O >CO 2−¿ ¿

588.Which of the following molecules has pyramidal shape?

2 3

a) PC l b) S O c) CO 2−¿¿ d) NO−¿¿

589. The molecular electronic configuration of B e2 is

3 3 3 3

a) b) 2 c) d) None of the above

KKσ 2 S
590.The maximum number of 90 ° angles between bond pair-bond pair of electrons is
observed in
ds p hybridisation s p d hybridization
a) 3 b) 3

ds p hybridisation s p d hybridisation
c) 2 d) 3 2

591.In which of the following arrangement the order is not correct according to property
indicated against it?
a) Increasing size :
−¿ ¿
+¿ <F ¿
2+ ¿< N a ¿
3+¿< M g ¿
Al
b) Increasing I E 1 : B<C< N <O
c) Increasing E A1 : I <Br < F <Cl
d) Increasing metallic radius : Li< Na< K < Rb
592.Most covalent halide of aluminium is:

a) AlC l b) Al I c) AlB r d) Al F

593.The bond order of individual carbon-carbon bonds in benzene is:

3 3 3 3

a) One

b) Two

c) Between 1 and 2

d) One and two alternately

594. In pyrophosphoric acid, H 4 P2 O7, number of σ and dπ − pπ bonds are respectively

a) 8 and 2 b) 6 and 2 c) 12 and zero d) 12 and 2

595.The percentage s – character of the hybrid orbitals in methane, ethene and ethyne are
respectively
a) 25, 33, 50 b) 25, 50, 75 c) 50, 75, 100 d) 10, 20, 40

596. The types of bonds present in CuS O 4 ∙5 H 2 O are only

a) Electrovalent and covalent

b) Electrovalent and co-ordinate

c) Electrovalent, covalent and co- ordinate covalent

P a g e | 58
 d) Covalent and co-ordinate covalent

597.Which pair represents isostructural species?

a) C H −¿amd C H + ¿¿
3 ¿ b) N H +¿∧ N H ¿ 3 c) S O 2−¿∧B F −¿¿
4 ¿ d) N H −¿∧Be F ¿
2

598.In which of the following species, all the three types of hybrid carbons are present?
3 4 4 2

a) C H =C=C H b) C H −CH =CH −CH +¿¿

2 2 3 2

c) C H −C ≡C−CH +¿¿ d) C H −CH =CH −CH −¿¿

599.Which statement is not correct?

3 2 3 2

a) Double bond is shorter than a single bond.

b) Sigma bond is weaker than π-bond.

c) Double bond is stronger than a sigma bond.

d) Covalent bond is stronger than hydrogen bond.

600.The pair having similar geometry is:

a) B F , N H b) B F , Al F c) Be F , H O d) BC l , PC l

601.Which of the following is largest?

3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3

a) C l −¿ ¿ b) 2−¿¿ c) N a+¿ ¿ d) F−¿¿

S
602. The As F 5 molecule is trigonal bipyramidal. The hybrid orbitals used by the As atoms for
bonding are
a) d d s , px , py b) d s p , p , p c) s , p , p , p ,d d) d , s , px , py
603.Consider the following halogen containing compounds
2 2 2
x −y ' z ' xy ' ' x y z x y z z x −y 2 2 2

(A)CHC l 3 (B)CC l 4
(C)C H 2 C l 2 (D)C H 3 Cl
(E)

The compounds with a net zero dipole moment are

a) B and E only b) C only c) C and D only d) A and D only

604.Alkali metals in each period have:

a) Largest size

b) Lowest IE
c) Highest IE
d) Highest electronegativity

605. In a regular octahedral molecule, M X 6 the number of X – M – X bonds at 180 ° is

a) Three b) Two c) Six d) Four

P a g e | 59
606.Valency means:

a) Combining capacity of an element

b) Atomicity of an element

c) Oxidation number of an element

d) None of the above

607.Which does not form two or more chlorides?

a) Na b) Hg c) Cu d) Fe

608.Which has the largest first ionisation energy?

a) Li b) Na c) K d) Rb

609.Polarization of electrons in acrolein may be written as:

a) b) c) d)

610.Which bond has the highest bond energy?

a) Coordinate bond b) Sigma bond c) Multiple bond d) Polar covalent bond

611.In which of the following molecules the van der Waals’ forces is likely to be the most
important in determining the melting and boiling point?
a) CO b) H S
2

c) B r d) HC l

612.The higher values of specific heat of water in comparison to other liquids is due to:
2

a) High dielectric constant

b) Polarity

c) H-bonding

d) None of the above

613.Which contains both polar and non-polar covalent bonds?

a) N H 4 Cl
b) HCN
c) H 2 O2
d) C H4
614.How many – bonds are present in naphthalene?

a) 4 b) 5 c) 6 d) 7

615.If the electron pair forming a bond between two atoms A and B is not in the centre, then
the bond is

P a g e | 60
 a) Polar bond b) Single bond c) π -bond d) Non-polar bond

616.Which of the following species in non-linear?

a) ICl−¿¿ b) I −¿¿ c) N −¿ ¿ d) ClO−¿ ¿

617.The bond order of CO molecule on the basis of molecular orbital theory is:
2 3 3 2

a) Zero b) 2 c) 3 d) 1

618.Which one is the strongest bond?

a) Cl — F b) F — F c) Br — F d) Br—Cl

619.Which of the following compound has maximum volatility?

a) b) c) d)

620.In the following electron-dot structure, calculate the formal charge from left to right
nitrogen atom;

a) -1, -1, +1 b) -1, +1,-1 c) +1, -1, -1 d) +1, -1, +1

621.Hybridisation shown by carbon and oxygen of – OH group in phenol are respectively

a) 2 2 b) 3 3 c) 2 d) 2 3
s p ,s p s p ,s p sp , s p s p ,s p
622.The molecule which has pyramidal shape is:

a) PC l b) S O c) C O2−¿¿ d) N O−¿¿

623.The correct increasing bond angles order is:

3 3 3 3

a) B F 3 < N F3 < P F 3< Cl F3

b) Cl F 3 < P F 3 < N F3 < B F3
c) B F 3 ≈ N F 3 < P F 3 <Cl F 3
d) B F 3 < N F3 < P F 3> Cl F3
624.Van der Waals’ forces are applied to:

a) Inert gases only

b) Rare gases only

c) Mixture of gases

d) Elementary gases only

P a g e | 61
625. Which bond angle results in the minimum dipole moment for the triatomic molecule X Y 2
shown below?
a) 90 b) 120 c) 150 d) 180

626.Which shows the least dipole moment?

a) C HCl b) C H C H O H c) C H COC H d) CC l

627.Which force is strongest?

3 3 2 3 3 4

a) Dipole-dipole forces

b) Ion-ion forces

c) Ion-dipole forces

d) Ion-induced dipole forces

628.Which molecule has linear structure?

a) C O b) H O c) S O d) H O

629.Out of the compounds below the vapour pressure of (B ) at a particular temperature is

2 2 2 2 2

a) Higher than that of (A) b) lower than that of (A)

c) Higher or lower than (A), depending ond) Same as that of (A)

the size of the vessel
630.Which ion has a higher polarizing power?

a) 2+¿¿ b) 3+¿ ¿ c) 2+¿ ¿ d) N a+¿ ¿

Mg Al Ca
631. Which of the following represent the given mode of hybridisation s p2−s p2−sp−sp
from left to right?
a) H C=CH −C ≡CN b) HC ≡C−C H −C ≡CH
2 2

c) H C=C=C=C H d) HC=C−C H −C=CH

632.The solubility of KCl is relatively more in (where D is dielectric constant):

2 2 2

a) C H ¿0¿ b) ( C H ) CO (D=2) c) C H OH (D=32) d) CC l (D=0)

633.Elements have electronegativities 1.2 and 3.0, bond formed between them would be
6 6 3 2 3 4

a) Ionic b) Covalent c) Co-ordinate d) metallic

634.Among the following, the pair in which the two species are not isostructural, is

P a g e | 62
 a) Si F and S F b) IO−¿¿and Xe O c) BH −¿¿and NH +¿¿ d) PF−¿¿and S F

635.Which has zero dipole moment?

4 4 3 3 4 4 6 6

a) ClF b) PC l c) Si F d) CFC l

636.Which of the following molecules is covalent and shows expanded octet in its formation?
3 4 3

a) HF b) N F c) B F d) Cl F

637.Which one of the following is a correct set?

3 3 3

a) H O, s p 3 , angular b) BC l s p3 , angular
2 3

c) N H , ds p2 , square planar d) C H ,ds p 2 , tetrahedral

638.Which property of halogens increases from F to I?

4 4

a) Electronegativity

b) First ionization energy

c) Bond length in the molecule

d) None of the above

639.The total number of bonds in acetylene molecule is:

a) One b) Two c) Three d) Five

640. The number of antibonding electron pairs in O 2−¿¿ molecular ion on the basis of molecular
orbital theory is (Atomic number of O is 18.)
2

a) 5 b) 4 c) 3 d) 2

641.Variable valency is characteristic of:

a) Noble gases

b) Alkali metals

c) Transition metals

d) Non-metallic elements

642.In which molecule all atoms are coplanar?

a) C H b) B F c) P F d) N H

643. During change of O 2 ¿O −¿¿ ion, the electron adds on which one of the following orbitals?
4 3 3 3

a) π¿ orbital b) π orbital c) σ¿ orbital d) σ orbital

644.Bond energy of covalent O — H bond in water is:

a) Greater than bond energy of hydrogen bond

b) Equal to bond energy of hydrogen bond

c) Less than bond energy of hydrogen bond

P a g e | 63
 d) None of the above

645.Which one of the following has a coordinate bond?

a) N H Cl b) AlC l c) NaCl d) C l

646.Which carbon is more electronegative?

4 3 2

s p hybridised carbon
a) 3

b) sp – hybridised carbon

s p hybridised carbon
c) 2

d) Always same irrespective of its hybrid state

647. Among N H 3 , BeC l 2 ,C O2 and H 2 O, the non-linear molecules are:

a) BeC l and H O b) BeC l and C O c) N H and H O d) N H and C O

648.Paramagnetism is exhibited by molecules:

2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2

a) Not attracted into a magnetic field

b) Containing only paired electrons

c) Carrying a positive charge

d) Containing unpaired electrons

649.Which molecule has the largest dipole moment?

a) HF b) HCl c) HBr d) HI

650.The intermolecular attractive forces vary in the order:

a) Water < alcohol < ether

b) Water > alcohol > ether

c) Alcohol > water < ether

d) Ether > water > alcohol

651.Which of the following species has a linear shape?

a) N O+¿¿ b) O c) N O−¿¿ d) S O

652.The electronic configuration of 4 elements K , L, M ∧N are,

2 3 2 2

2 2 1 2 2 6
K=1 s , 2 s 2 p L=1 s ,2 s 2 p
2 2 4 2 2 3

The element that would form a diatomic molecule with double bond is:
M =1 s ,2 s 2 p N=1 s , 2 s 2 p

a) K b) L c) M d) N

653.Which of the following will provide the most efficient overlap?

a) s−s b) s− p c) 2 2 d) sp−s p
s p −s p

P a g e | 64
654. The state of hybridization of C 2 , C 3 , C 5∧C6 of the hydrocarbon,

is in the following sequence:

a) 2 3 2 b) 3 2 3 c) 3 2 2 d) 2 2 3
sp , s p , s p ∧s p sp , s p , s p ∧s p s p , s p , s p ∧sp sp , s p , s p ∧s p
655.Four diatomic species are listed below in different sequences. Which of these represents
the correct order of their increasing bond order?
a)
+ ¿¿
−¿< H e 2 ¿
2−¿<O ¿
NO< C2 2

b)
−¿ ¿
+ ¿< NO< O2 ¿
2−¿< H e2 ¿
C2
c)
2−¿¿
−¿< NO< C2 ¿
+ ¿<O 2 ¿
H e2
d)
+ ¿¿
2−¿< H e2 ¿
−¿< NO<C 2 ¿
O2
656.Which one species has the longest bond length?

a) N O+¿¿ b) O−¿ ¿ c) O +¿¿ d) N +¿ ¿

657.The pair of molecules forming strongest hydrogen bonds are

2 2 2

C H 3 −C−C H 3∧CHC l 3
a) Si H and Si F
||
b)
4 6
O
H−C−OH andC H 3 −C−OH
|| ||
c) d) H O∧H
2 2

658.Which one of the following has not triangular pyramidal shape?

OO

a) N H b) NC l c) P F d) BC l

659.A covalent bond is formed between the atoms by the overlapping of orbitals containing:
3 3 3 3

a) Single electron

b) Paired electron

c) Single electron with parallel spin

d) Single electron with opposite spin

660.Which of the following bonds required the largest amount of bond energy to dissociate
the atom concerned?
a) H−H bond ∈ H b) O=O bond ∈O c) N ≡ N bond ∈N d) C−C bond ∈C H

661. The covalency of nitrogen in HN O3 is:

2 2 2 2 6

a) Zero

b) 3

c) 4

P a g e | 65
 d) 5

662.Which is distilled first?

a) Liquid H b) Liquid C O c) Liquid O d) Liquid N

663.Which one of the following is a correct set?

2 2 2 2

a) H O, s p 3, angular b) H O, s p 2, linear
2 2

c) square planar d) C H ,ds p 2 , tetrahedral

2

NH +¿, ds p , ¿

664.Which is correct order for electron gain enthalpy?

4 4

a) S<O<Cl < F b) O< S< F <Cl c) Cl< F< S< O d) F< Cl<O< S

665.Which is a pyramidal structure?

a) Trimethylamine b) Methanol c) Acetylene d) Water

666.Among the following mixtures, dipole – dipole as the major interaction, is present in

a) Benzene and ethanol b) Acetonitrile and acetone

c) KCl and water d) Benzene and carbon tetrachloride

667.In dry ice there are … in between molecules.

a) Ionic bond b) Covalent bond c) Hydrogen bond d) None of these

668.The dipole moment of o , p and m -dichlorobenzene will be in the order

a) o > p >m b) p>o >m c) m>o > p d) o >m> p

669.Which formulae does not correctly represents the bonding capacity of the atom involved?

a) b) c) d)

670.Which has minimum ionic radius?

a) 3−¿¿ b) K +¿ ¿ c) N a+¿ ¿ d) F−¿¿

N
671.The bond order is maximum in

a) O b) O +¿¿ c) O−¿ ¿ d) O 2−¿¿

672. P F3 molecule is:

2 2 2 2

a) Square planar b) Trigonal c) Tetrahedral d) Trigonal pyramidal

bipyramidal
673.Resonance is due to:

a) Delocalization of σ -electrons
b) Delocalization of π -electrons

P a g e | 66
 c) Migration of H atoms

d) Migration of protons

674.Which property is commonly exhibited by a covalent compound?

a) High solubility in water

b) Low m.p.

c) High electrical conductivity

d) High b.p.

675.Which of the following is an electrovalent linkage?

a) C H b) SiC l c) MgC l d) B F

676. The decreasing values of bond angles from N H 3 (106 )ͦ to Sb H 3 (101 )ͦ down group-15 of
4 4 2 3

the periodic table is due to:

a) Increasing bp - bp repulsion
b) Increasing p-orbital character in s p3
c) Decreasing lp - bp repulsion
d) Decreasing electronegativity

677. The shape of Cl O−¿¿

3 according to VSEPR model is:

a) Planar triangle b) Pyramidal c) Tetrahedral d) Square planar

678.Which metal has a greater tendency to form metal oxide?

a) Cr b) Fe c) Al d) Ca

679.The charge/size ratio of a cation determines its polarising power. Which one of the
following sequences represents the increasing order of the polarising power of the
cationic species, K +¿ ,C a ?
2+¿ ¿
2+ ¿ ,Be ¿
2+ ¿,M g ¿
¿

a) b)
2+¿ ¿ 2+¿ ¿
+¿ <C a ¿ 2+¿ < Mg ¿
2+ ¿< K ¿ + ¿< Ca ¿
¿
2+¿<B e
Mg B e2 +¿<K ¿

c) d)
2+¿ ¿ + ¿¿
2+¿ <B e ¿ 2+ ¿< K ¿
2+ ¿< M g ¿
2+¿< M g2+ ¿< Be ¿
¿
K +¿<C a ¿
Ca
680.A p -block element in which last electron enters into s-orbitals of valence shell instead of
p -orbital is:
c) No such element
exist
a) As b) Ga d) He

681.How many electron pairs are present in valence shell of oxygen in water molecule?

a) 4 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

682.Number of electrons in a the valence orbit of nitrogen in an ammonia molecule is

a) 8 b) 5 c) 6 d) 7

683.The number of valency electrons in carbon atom is:

P a g e | 67
 a) Zero b) 2 c) 6 d) 4

684. The structure of I F 5 can be best described as

d) None of these

a) b) c)

685. The relationship between the dissociation energy and N 2 and N +¿

2
¿
is

a) dissociation energy of N 2=¿ dissociation energy of N 2

+¿ ¿

dissociation energy of N 2 can either be lower or higher than the

dissociation energy of N 2
b)
+¿ ¿

c) dissociation energy of N 2 >¿ dissociation energy of N 2

+¿ ¿

d) dissociation energy of N 2 ¿ dissociation energy of N 2

+¿ ¿

686. The bond angle in H 2 S (for H — S— H )is:

a) Same as that of Cl — Be—Cl∈ BeC l 2

b) Greater than H — N — H bond angle in N H 3
c) Greater than H — Se— H and less than H —O — H
d) Same as Cl — Sn — Cl∈ SnC l 2
687.Which one among the following does not have the hydrogen bond?

a) Phenol b) Water c) Liquid N H d) Liquid HCl

688.Which of the following molecules/ions does not contain unpaired electrons.

3

a) O 2−¿¿ b) B c) N +¿ ¿ d) O

689.The C−O−H bond angle in ethanol is nearly

2 2 2 2

a) 90 b) 104 c) 120 d) 180

690. Which one of the following does not have s p2 hybridised carbon?

a) Acetone b) Acetic acid c) Acetonitrile d) Acetamide

691.Among the following elements Ca , Mg , P and Cl the order of increasing atomic radius is:

a) Mg <Ca< Cl< P b) Cl< P< Mg<Ca c) P<Cl <Ca< Mg d) Ca< Mg< P<Cl

692.Which has a giant covalent structure?

a) Pb O b) Si O c) NaCl d) AlC l

693. Bond angles of N H 3 , P H 3 , As H 3and Sb H 3 is in the order

2 2 3

a) P H > As H > Sb H > N H b) Sb H > As H > P H > N H

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

P a g e | 68
 c) Sb H > As H > N H > P H d) N H > P H > As H > Sb H

694.Amongst the elements with following electronic configurations, which one of them may
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

have the highest ionization energy?

a) 2 1 b) 2 3 c) 2 2 d) 10 2 3
Ne[3 s 3 p ] Ne[3 s 3 p ] Ne[3 s 3 p ] Ar [3 d 4 s 4 p ]
695. Based on VSEPR theory, the number of 90 degree F−Br−F angles in Br F 5 is

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

696.Which one of the following elements has lower value of ionisation energy?

a) Mg b) Rb c) Li d) Ca

697.The lattice energy order for lithium halide is:

a) LiF > LiCl > LiBr > LiI

b) LiCl > LiF > LiBr > LiI
c) LiBr > LiCl> LiF > LiI
d) LiI > LiBr > LiCl > LiF
698. Among the species:C O , C H CO O−¿, CO, C O HCHO which has the weakest C−O bond?
2−¿,¿
3 ¿

a) CO
2 3

b) C O c) C O2−¿¿ d) C H CO O−¿ ¿

699.Peroxide ion
2 3 3

(i) has five completely filled antibonding molecular orbitals

(ii) is diamagnetic
(iii) has bond order one
(iv) is isoelectronic with neon
Which one of these is correct?
a) (ii) and (iii) b) (i),(ii) and (iv) c) (i),(ii) and (iii) d) (i) and (iv)

700.Which is the weakest among the following type of bond?

a) Ionic bond b) Covalent bond c) Metallic bond d) Hydrogen bond

701. In which of the following pairs of molecules/ions, the central atom has s p2-hybridization?

a) N O ∧N H b) B F ∧N O −¿ ¿ c) N H −¿∧H 2 O¿ d) B F ∧N H −¿ ¿

702.Bond length decreases with:

2 3 3 2 2 3 2

a) Decrease in size of the atom

b) Increase in the number of bonds between the atoms

c) Decrease in bond order

d) Decrease in the number of bonds between the atoms

703.Which of the following molecules/ ions does not contain unpaired electrons?

a) O 2−¿¿ b) B c) N +¿ ¿ d) O
2 2 2 2

P a g e | 69
704. The structure of I F 7 is

a) Square pyramid b) Trigonal bipyramid

c) Octahedral d) Pentagonal bipyramid

705. The species C 2

a) Has one σ bond and one π bond b) Has both π bonds

c) Has both σ bonds d) Does not exist

706.In which of the following bond angle is maximum?

a) N H b) N H +¿¿ c) PC l d) SC l

707.Oxidising power of chlorine in aqueous solution can be determined by the parameters

3 4 5 2

indicated below
−¿(aq) ¿
−¿ ( g) ∆ Cl ¿
1 1 hyd
H°

Cl2 ( g ) ∆dis s Cl ( g ) ∆ EA Cl H° H°
→

2 2 →
→

The energy involved in the conversion of C l (g) to Cl−¿(aq)¿(Using the data)

1
2 2
−1
∆ dis s H°
Cl 2
=240 kJ mo l
−1
∆ EA =−349 kJ mo l
will be
H°
Cl
−1
∆ hyd Cl=−381 kJ mo l
H°

a) −1 b) −1 c) −1 d) −1
+152 kJ mol −610 kJ mol −850 kJ mol +120 kJ mol
708.The hybridisation of the ipso – carbon dichlorobenzene is

a) sp hybridized
s p hybridised s p d hybridized s p hybridised
b) 2 c) 2 d) 3

709.Which of the following has maximum dipole moment?

a) NC l b) NB r c) N H d) N I

710.The molecule having largest dipole moment among the following is

3 3 3 3

a) CH l b) C H c) CHC l d) CC l

711.Which of the following diatomic molecules would be stabilized by the removal of an

3 4 3 4

electron?
a) C b) CN c) N d) O

712.Which of the following possess maximum hydration energy?

2 2 2

a) MgS O b) RaS O c) SrS O d) BaS O

713.In which of the following hydrogen bond is present?

4 4 4 4

a) H b) Ice c) Sulphur d) Hydrocarbon

714.The correct order of decreasing polarisability of ion is:

2

a) b) c) d)
−¿ ¿ −¿ ¿ −¿ ¿ −¿ ¿
−¿ ,F ¿ −¿ , Cl ¿ −¿ , F ¿ −¿ ,I ¿

−¿ , B r−¿ ,I ¿
¿ −¿, I −¿,Br ¿
¿ −¿, B r−¿,C l ¿
¿ −¿, C l−¿,B r ¿
¿
Cl F I F

P a g e | 70
715.Which is highest melting point halide?

a) NaCl b) NaBr c) NaF d) NaI

716.Number of σ and π bonds in acetylene are

a) 3 and 2 b) 2 and 2 c) 2 and 3 d) 4 and 3

717.Which of the following halides is least stable and has doubtful existence?

a) C I b) ¿ I c) Sn I d) Pb I

718. C−C bond length is maximum in

4 4 4 4

a) Diamond b) Graphite c) Naphthalene d) Fullerene

719.The electronegativity difference between N and F is greater than that between N and H
yet the dipole moment of N H 3 (1.5 D) is larger than that of N F3 (0.2D). This is because:
In N H 3 as well as N F3 the atomic dipole and bond dipole are in opposite
directions.
a)

In N H 3 the atomic dipole and bond dipole are in the opposite directions
whereas in N F3 these are in the same direction.
b)

In N H 3 as well as in N F3 the atomic dipole and bond dipole are in the

same direction.
c)

In N H 3 the atomic dipole and bond dipole are in the same direction
whereas in N F3 these are in opposite directions.
d)

720.Resonance is not shown by:

a) C H b) C O c) C O2−¿¿ d) SiO

721. The molecular shapes of S F 4 ,C F 4 and Xe F 4 are

6 6 2 3 2

Different with 1, 0 and 2 lone pairs of electrons on the central atom,

respectively
a)

Different with 0, 1 and 2 lone pairs of electrons on the central atom,

respectively
b)

The same with 1, 1 and 1 lone pairs of electrons on the central atoms,
respectively
c)

The same with 2, 0 and 1 lone pairs of electrons on the central atom,
respectively
d)

722. The shape of I F 7molecule is

a) Pentagonal bipyramidal b) Trigonal bipyramidal

c) Tetrahedral d) Octahedral

723.Decreasing order of C – C bond length is

(I)C 2 H 4 (II)C 2 H 2
(III)C 6 H 6 (IV)C 2 H 6
a) IV > III > I > II b) I > II > IV > III c) II > I > IV > III d) IV > I > III > II

724.In which of the following compounds, the bonds have the largest percentage of ionic
character:

P a g e | 71
 a) H O b) HF c) IBr d) N O

725. Oxygen and sulphur both are the member of same group in Periodic Table but H 2 O is
2 2 4

liquid while H 2 S is gas because

a) Molecular weight of water is more

b) Electronegativity of sulphur is more

c) H 2 S is weak acid
d) Water molecules are having strong hydrogen bonds between them

726.The linear structure is possessed by:

a) SnC l b) NC O−¿¿ c) N O+¿¿ d) C S

727. When the hybridization state of carbon atom changes from s p3 to s p2 and finally to sp,
2 2 2

the angle between the hybridized orbitals:

a) Decreases gradually

b) Decreases considerably

c) Is not affected

d) Increases progressively

728.Which species has the maximum number of lone pair of electrons on the central atom?

a) ¿] b) Xe F c) S F d) ¿

729.Which concept best explains that o -nitrophenol is more volatile than p-nitrophenol?
4 4

a) Resonance

b) Steric hinderance

c) Hydrogen bond

d) Hyperconjugation

730. How many bonded electron pairs are present in I F 7 molecule?

a) 6 b) 7 c) 5 d) 8

731.The comparatively high b.p. of HF is due to

a) High reactivity of fluorine

b) Small size of hydrogen atom

c) Formation of hydrogen bonds and consequent association

d) High IE of fluroine

732.Which one of the following species is diamagnetic in nature?

a) H −¿ ¿ b) H +¿¿ c) H d) He+¿¿
2 2 2 2

P a g e | 72
733.The unequal sharing of bonded pair of electrons between two atoms in a molecule gives
rise to:
a) Ionic bond

b) Polar covalent bond

c) Non-polar covalent bond

d) None of the above

734.In which of the following process energy is liberated?

a) +¿+e ¿ b) + ¿+C l
−¿¿
¿ c) Cl+ e ⟶ C l−¿ ¿ d) 2−¿¿

Cl ⟶ C l HCl ⟶ H O−¿+e ⟶ O ¿

735.Identify the least stable ion amongst the following:

a) L i−¿¿ b) B e−¿¿ c) B−¿ ¿ d) C−¿¿

736.The lowest bond energy exist in the following bonds for:

a) C —C b) N — N c) H — H d) O —O

737. Number of lone pair (s) in XeO F 4 is/are

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

738.Which one is electron deficient compound?

a) N H b) ICl c) BC l d) PC l

739. Which type of bond is present in H 2 S molecule?

3 3 3

a) Ionic bond b) Covalent bond

c) Coordinate d) All of three

740.In compound X, all the bond angles are exactly 10928′ , X is:

a) Chloromethane b) Iodoform c) Carbon d) Chloroform

tetrachloride
741. The hybridisation of P in PC l 5 is

a) 2 b) 3 c) 3 d) 2
sp sp d sp ds p
742.Pauling’s electronegativity values for elements are useful in predicting:

a) Polarity of bonds in molecules

b) Position of elements in electromotive series

c) Coordination number

d) Dipole moment of various molecules

743. The hybridization of carbon atoms in C —C single bond of HC ≡C —CH =C H 2 is:

s p −s p s p −s p s p − sp
a) 3 3 b) 2 3 c) sp− 2 d) 3
sp
744.It is thought that atoms combine with each other such that the outermost orbit acquires

P a g e | 73
 a stable configuration of 8 electrons. If stability were attained with 6 electrons rather
than with 8, what would be the formula of the stable fluoride ions?
a) 3+¿¿ b) F +¿¿ c) F−¿¿ d) 2−¿ ¿
F F
745. The number of antibonding electrons pairs in O 2−¿¿
2 on the basis of MO theory are:

a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d) 5

746.Which has triangular planar shape?

a) C H +¿ ¿ b) Cl O−¿¿ c) H O+¿¿ d) Cl O−¿¿

747.Specify the coordination geometry around and hybridization of N and B atoms in a 1:1
3 2 3 3

complex of B F 3 and N H 3:
a) N : tetrahedral, s p3 ; B : tetrahedral, s p3
b) N : pyramidal, s p3 ; B : pyramidal, s p3
c) N : pyramidal, s p3 ; B : planar, s p2
d) N : pyramidal, s p3 ; B : tetrahedral, s p3
748.Which of the following molecule has highest bond energy?

a) C−C b) N−N c) O−O d) F−F

749. The number of oxygen atoms bonded to one phosphorus atom in P4 O 6 is

a) 4 b) 3 c) 6 d) 5

750. Bond energies in NO, N O+¿¿ and N O−¿¿ are such as

a) −¿>NO> N O
+¿¿
¿ b) −¿> N O ¿
c) −¿> N O
+¿¿
¿ d) +¿>NO> N O
−¿¿
¿
NO N O+¿>N O ¿
NO> N O NO
751. In Xe F 6 , oxidation state and state of hybridisation of Xe and shape of the molecule are,
respectively
+6 , s p d , distorted octahedral + 4 , s p d , square planar
a) 3 3 b) 3 2

c) 3 d) 3 2
+6 , s p , pyramidal +6 , s p d , square pyramidal
752.Which one of the following pairs of species have the same bond order?

a) C N −¿¿ and N O+¿¿ b) C N −¿¿ and C N +¿ ¿ c) O−¿ ¿ and C N −¿¿ d) N O+¿¿ and CO

753. The bond length of species O 2 ,O +¿

2 and O 2 are in the order of
2
¿ −¿ ¿

a) O +¿>O > O 2
−¿¿
2 ¿ b) O−¿>O >O 2
+ ¿¿
2 ¿ c) O >O+¿>O −¿ ¿
2 ¿ d) O >O−¿>O + ¿¿
2 ¿

754.Which hybridization results non-polar orbitals?

2 2 2 2 2 2

a) sp b) 2 c) 3 d) 2
sp sp ds p
755. The d -orbital involed in s p3 d hybridization is

a) d b) d c) d d) d

756.The element with strong electropositive nature is:

2 2 2
x −y xy z zx

P a g e | 74
 a) Cu b) Cs c) Cr d) Ba

757.Which statement is correct?

a) ion is larger than X ion

+¿ ¿ −¿¿
X
b) ion is larger in size than X atom
−¿¿
X
c) and X have the same size
+¿ ¿ −¿¿
X
d) ion is larger in size than X atom
+¿ ¿
X
758. S F2 , S F 4 and S F6 have the hybridisations at sulphur atom respectively, as

a) 2 3 2 2 b) 3 3 3 2 c) 3 3 3 2 d) 3 2 2 3
s p ,s p ,s p d s p ,s p ,s p d s p ,s p d ,s p d s p , sp d , d s p
759. Solid C H 4 is:

a) Molecular solid b) Ionic solid c) Covalent solid d) Not exist

760. The bond angles of N H 3 , N H +¿∧N are in the order

−¿¿
H 2 ¿
4

a) NH −¿>N H > N H 3
+¿ ¿
4 ¿ b) N H +¿>N H > N H 3
−¿¿
2 ¿ c) N H > N H−¿>N H + ¿¿
4 ¿ d) NH > NH +¿> N H −¿¿
2 ¿

761. s p2-hybridization is shown by:

2 4 3 2 4

a) BeC l b) B F c) N H d) Xe F

762. Cl−P−Cl bond angles in PC l 5 molecule are

2 3 3 2

a) 120 and 90 b) 60 and 90 c) 60 and 120 d) 120 and 30

763.Which one of the following pairs is isostructural (i .e ., having the same shape and
hybridization)?
a) [N F ∧B F ] b) ¿ c) [BC l ∧BrC l ] d) ¿

764.Which one of the following sets of ions represents a collection of isoelectronic species?
3 3 3 3

a) b) c) d)
3+ ¿¿ 2+¿ ¿ 2−¿ ¿ 2+¿ ¿
2+¿ , Sc ¿ +¿ ,C a ¿ −¿ ,S ¿ 2+¿ , Ca ¿
−¿,C a ¿ 2+ ¿,K ¿ 2−¿,F ¿ + ¿,M g ¿

K +¿ ,C l ¿
B a2+¿ , S r ¿
N 3−¿ ,O ¿
L i+¿ , N a ¿

765.Which molecule has zero dipole-moment?

a) HF b) HB r c) H O d) C O

766.Four diatomic species are listed below. Identify the correct order in which the bond
2 2

order is increasing in them:

a)
+ ¿¿
2−¿< H e2 ¿
−¿<C ¿
NO< O2 2

b)
+ ¿¿
2−¿< H e2 ¿
−¿< NO<C 2 ¿
O2
c)
−¿ < NO¿
+ ¿< O2 ¿
2−¿< H e2 ¿
C2
d)
2−¿¿
−¿< NO< C2 ¿
+ ¿<O 2 ¿
H e2
767.Which one of the following compounds has bond angle as nearly 90 ° ?

a) N H b) H S c) H O d) C H

768. The hybrid state of sulphur in S O 3 molecule is

3 2 2 4

P a g e | 75
 a) 3 b) 3 c) 3 2 d) 2
sp d sp sp d sp
769.In which of the following pair both molecules do not possess same type of hybridisation?

a) C H ∧H O b) PC l ∧S F c) S F ∧Xe F d) BC l ∧NC l

770.Which is the most covalent?

4 2 5 4 6 4 3 3

a) C−F b) C−O c) C−S d) C−Br

771. The shape of N O−¿¿ is planar. It is formed by the overlapping of oxygen orbitals with …
orbitals of nitrogen.
3

d) None of these
s p -hybridized s p -hybridized
a) 3 b) 2 c) Three p-orbitals

772.Which of the ions has the largest ionic radius?

a) 2 +¿¿ b) 2+¿¿ c) 2+¿ ¿ d) 2+¿ ¿

Be Mg Ca Sr
773. A σ -bonded molecule M X 3 is T-shaped. The number non-bonding pairs of electron is

a) 0

b) 2

c) 1

d) Can be predicted only if atomic number of M is known

774.Which of the following is not isoelectronic?

a) N O−¿¿ b) C N −¿¿ c) N d) O 2+¿ ¿

775.In which set of molecules are all the species paramagnetic?

2 2

a) B ,O N b) B ,O , N O c) B , F , O d) B ,O , L i

776.Which of the following has strongest hydrogen bonding?

2 2, 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

a) Ethylamine b) Ammonia c) Ethyl Alcohol d) Diethyl ether

777. The bonds present in N 2 O 5 are:

a) Ionic

b) Covalent and coordinate

c) Covalent

d) Ionic and covalent

778.The angle between two covalent bonds is maximum in:

a) C H b) H O c) C O d) S O

779.The pair having similar geometry is

4 2 2 3

a) PC l , N H b) BeC l , H O c) C H ,CC l d) I F , P F

780.In the electronic structure of acetic acid there are:

3 4 2 2 4 4 5 5

P a g e | 76
 a) 16 shared and 8 unshared valency electrons

b) 8 shared and 16 unshared valency electrons

c) 12 shared and 12 unshared valency electrons

d) 18 shared and 6 unshared valency electrons

781.Increasing order (lower first) of size of the various hybridised orbitals is:

a) 2 3 b) 3 2 c) 2 3 d) 2 3
sp , s p , s p s p , s p , sp s p , s p , sp s p , sp , s p
782.Among the following, the compound that contains ionic, covalent and coordinate linkage
is
a) N H b) N H Cl c) NaCl d) CaO

783. How many bridging oxygen atoms are present in P4 O 10?

3 4

a) 6 b) 4 c) 2 d) 5

784.Consider the Born-Haber cycle for the formation of an ionic compound given below and
identify the compound (Z) formed.
¿
a) +¿ X
−¿¿
¿ b) −¿(s )¿
c) MX d) −¿(g )¿

M M +¿ X ¿
M +¿ X ¿

785.The bond length is maximum in:

a) H S b) HF c) H O d) Ice

786. N 2andO 2 are converted into monocations, N +¿

2 and O 2 respectively. Which of the following
2 2
¿ +¿¿

is wrong?
a) In N +¿ ,N −N ¿ bond weakens b) In O +¿ ,¿theO−O bond order increases
2 2

c) In O +¿¿ , paramagnetism decreases d) N +¿ ¿ become diamagnetic

787. The number of nodal planes present in s-antibonding orbitals is

2 2
¿
σ

a) 1 b) 2 c) 0 d) 3

788.Which of the following has maximum number of lone pairs associated with Xe?

a) Xe O b) Xe F c) Xe F d) Xe F

789.Which is most volatile compound?

3 4 6 2

a) HI b) HCl c) HBr d) HF

790. The calculated bond order in O−¿

2
¿
ion is

a) 1 b) 1.5 c) 2 d) 2.5

791.A C ≡ C bond is:

a) Weaker than C =C bond

b) Weaker than C —C bond
c) Longer than C —C bond

P a g e | 77
 d) Shorter than C =C bond
792.In which of the following pairs bond angle is 109 ͦ28′ ?

a) ¿ b) ¿ c) [ N H ] ,¿ d) [ N H ] ,[B F ]

793.Which of the following molecules has three-fold axis of symmetry?

3 3 3

a) N H b) C H c) C O d) S O

794.In which of the following arrangements the sequence is not strictly according to the
3 2 4 2 2

property written against it?

a) HF < HCl< HBr < HI : increasing acid strength
b) N H 3 < P H 3< As H 3 < Sb H 3 : increasing basic strength
c) B<C< O< N : increasing first ionization enthalpy
d) C O2 < SiO2 < SnO2 < Pb O2 :increasing oxidising power
795.Which one of the following is paramagnetic?

a) N b) NO c) CO d) O

796.Which of the following has largest ionic radius?

2 3

a) N a+¿ ¿ b) K +¿ ¿ c) L i+¿ ¿ d) C s+¿ ¿

797.Lattice energy of a solid increases if

a) Size of ions is small b) Charges of ions are small

c) Ions are neutral d) None of the above

798.Which one is most polar?

a) CC l b) CHC l c) C H Cl d) C H OH

799.The high boiling point of water is due to:

4 3 3 3

a) Weak dissociation of water molecules

b) Hydrogen bonding among water molecules

c) Its high specific heat

d) Its high dielectric constant

800. The states of hybridisation of boron and oxygen atoms in boric acid (H 3 B O3 ) are
respectively
s p and s p s p and s p s p and s p s p and s p
a) 2 2 b) 2 3 c) 3 2 d) 3 3

801.In which pair of species, both species do have the similar geometry?

a) C O , S O b) N H , B H c) 2−¿ ¿
¿ d) SO 2−¿ ,ClO −¿¿
¿
CO 2−¿, SO 3 4

802.Which of the following is largest ion?

2 2 3 3 3 4

a) N a+¿ ¿ b) 2+¿¿ c) 2−¿¿ d) F−¿¿

Mg O
P a g e | 78
803.The electronic configuration of sodium and chlorine justifies:

a) Their physical state

b) Their reactivity

c) The formation of electrovalent compound NaCl

d) None of the above

804. s p3 hybridisation is found in

a) b) c) ClO−¿ ¿ d) S O

805.Glycerol is more viscous than ethanol due to

3 3

a) High molecular weight b) High boiling point

c) Many hydrogen bonds per molecule d) Fajan’s rule

806.In the case of alkali metals, the covalent character decreases in the order:

a) MI > MBr > MCl > MF

b) MCl > MI > MBr > MF
c) MF > MCl > MBr > MI
d) MF > MCl > MI > MBr
807.Two nodal planes are present in

a) b) σ 2 p c) π 2 p d) π 2 p

808.H – bond is not present in

z x y

a) Water b) Glycerol

c) Hydrogen fluoride d) Hydrogen sulphide

809.In which of the following pairs molecules have bond order three and are isoelectronic?

a) −¿,C O ¿ b) CO ,O+¿ ¿ c) +¿, CO

+¿¿
¿ d) +¿¿
−¿,O 2 ¿
CN NO CN
810.Which of the following halides has maximum melting point?
2

a) NaF b) NaCl c) NaBr d) NaI

811.Which atomic orbital is always involved in sigma bonding only?

a) s b) p c) d d) f

812.Which of the following acts sometimes as a metal and sometimes as a non-metal?

a) Hg b) Cl c) K d) At

813.Amongst the following elements the configuration having the highest ionization energy
is:
a) b) c) d)
[ Ne ] 3 s 3 p
2 1 2
[ Ne ] 3 s 3 p
3 2
[ Ne ] 3 s 3 p
2 10 2 3
[ Ar ] 3 d 4 s 4 p
P a g e | 79
814.Which of the following species exhibits the diamagnetic behaviour ?

a) O 2−¿¿ b) O +¿¿ c) O d) NO

815.Which is a good solvent for ionic and polar covalent compounds?

2 2 2

a) H O b) C H COOH c) CC l d) Liquid N H

816.The following salt shows maximum covalent character

2 3 4 3

a) AlC l b) MgC l c) CsCl d) LaC l

817.Each of the followings has non-zero dipole moment, except:

3 2 3

a) C H b) CO c) S O d) N H

818. Bonded electron pairs present in octahedral S F6 molecule:

6 6 2 3

a) 3 b) 4 c) 6 d) 5

819.Resonance structures can be written for

a) O b) N H c) C H d) H O

820.Born-Haber cycle may be used to calculate

3 3 4 2

a) Electronegativity b) Mass number c) Oxidation number d) Electron affinity

821.The electronic structure of four elements A , B ,C , D are

( A ) 1 s 2 ¿ )1 s 2 , 2 s 2 ,2 p2 (C) 1 s 2 , 2 s 2 , 2 p 5 ( D)1 s2 ,2 s2 , 2 p6
The tendency to form electrovalent bond is largest in
a) A b) B c) C d) D

822.In which element shielding effect is not possible?

a) H b) Be c) B d) N

823. The hybridisation of orbitals of N atom in N O−¿, and N H 4 are respectively:

+¿ ¿
NO 2 ¿ +¿¿
3

a) 2 3 b) 2 3 c) 3 2 d) 2 3
sp , s p , s p s p , sp , s p sp , s p , s p s p , s p , sp
824.Which of the following is isoelectronic with carbon atom?

a) N a+¿ ¿ b) 3+¿ ¿ c) 2−¿¿ d) N +¿ ¿

Al O
825.Which of the following statement is correct?

a) Polarization of an anion is maximum by high charged cation

b) Small sized cation minimises the polarization

c) A small anion brings about a large degree of polarisation

d) A small anion undergoes a high degree of polarization

826. Among LiCl , BeC l 2 , BC l 3∧CC l 4 , the covalent bond character follows the order:

a) LiCl > BeC l 2> BC l 3 >CC l 4

P a g e | 80
 b) LiCl < BeC l 2< BC l 3 <CC l 4
c) LiCl > BeC l 2>CC l 4 >BC l 3
d) LiCl < BeC l 2< BC l 3 >CC l 4
827.The value of bond order in nitrogen and oxygen molecule is:

a) 3, 2 b) 4, 2 c) 2, 3 d) 1, 2

828.Pauling received Nobel Prize for his work on:

a) Photosynthesis b) Atomic structure c) Chemical bonding d) Thermodynamics

829. With which of the given pairs C O2 resembles?

a) HgC l , C H b) C H , N O c) HgC l , SnC l d) N O, N O

830.The enhanced force of cohesion in metals is due to:

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2

a) The covalent linkages between atoms

b) The electrovalent linkages between atoms

c) The lack of exchange of valency electrons

d) The exchange energy of mobile electrons

831.Among H X , the maximum dipole moment is of:

a) HF b) HCl c) HBr d) HI

832.Dative bond is present in:

a) S O b) N H c) BaC l d) B F

833. In which of the following molecule, the central atom does not have s p3-hybridization?
3 3 2 3

a) C H b) S F c) B F −¿ ¿ d) N H +¿¿

834.Which has an odd electron and shows paramagnetic character?

4 4 4 4

a) NO b) S O c) C O d) H O

835. Which ion is not isoelectronic with O 2−¿¿?

2 2 2

a) 3−¿¿ b) N a+¿ ¿ c) F−¿¿ d) T i +¿¿

N
836.Which species is paramagnetic?

a) O−¿ ¿ b) C H −¿¿ c) CO d) N O+¿¿

837.Structure of ammonia is
2 3

a) Pyramidal b) Tetrahedral c) Trigonal d) Trigonal pyramidal

838.The example of the p-p-orbital overlapping is the formation of:

a) H 2 molecule

P a g e | 81
 b) C l 2 molecule
c) Hydrogen chloride

d) Hydrogen bromide molecule

839.In which of the following pπ - dπ bonding is observed?

a) N O−¿¿ b) S O 2−¿¿ c) BO3 −¿ ¿ d) C O2−¿¿

840. The shape of Cl O−¿¿ ion is:

3 3 3 3

a) Square planar b) Square pyramidal c) Tetrahedral d) Trigonal

bipyramidal
841. The critical temperature of water is higher than that of O 2 because H 2 O molecule has:

a) Fewer electrons than O 2

b) Two covalent bonds

c) V-shape

d) Dipole moment

842. Compound formed by s p3 d -hybridization will have structure:

a) Trigonal bipyramidal

b) T-shaped

c) Linear

Either of these depending on number of lone pair of electrons of central

atom
d)

843.Which has the lowest bond angle?

a) N H b) Be F c) H O+¿¿ d) C H

844.Assuming that Hund’s rule is violated, the bond order and magnetic nature of the
3 2 3 4

diatomic molecule B2 is
a) 1 and diamagnetic

b) 0 and diamagnetic

c) 1 and paramagnetic

d) 0 and paramagnetic

845.The energy of antibonding molecular orbitals is:

a) Greater than the bonding M.O.

b) Smaller than the bonding M.O.

c) Equal to that of bonding M.O.

d) None of the above

P a g e | 82
846.The set representing the correct order of ionic radius is:

a)
2+¿ ¿
2+ ¿> Be ¿
+ ¿>M g ¿

N a+¿> Li ¿

b)
2+¿ ¿
2+¿ >Be ¿

+¿> N a+ ¿> M g ¿
¿
Li
c)
+¿ ¿
+¿ >N a ¿

2+¿>B e2+ ¿> L i ¿

¿
Mg
d)
2+¿ ¿
+¿ >M g ¿
2 +¿> N a ¿

L i+¿> B e ¿

847.Which of the following hydrogen bonds is the strongest?

a) b) c) d)

848. H 2 O is dipolar, whereas Be F 2 is not. It is because

a) The electronegativity of F is greater than that of O

b) H 2 O involves hydrogen bonding whereas Be F 2 is a discrete molecule

c) H 2 O is linear and Be F 2 is angular
d) H 2 O is angular and Be F 2 is linear
849.Which of the following statements is most correct? Effective nuclear charge of an atom
depends on:
a) The atomic number of the atom

b) The charge on the ion

c) The shielding effect

d) Both the actual nuclear charge and the shielding effect

850. The total number of valency electrons in P H +¿¿

4 ion is:

a) 8 b) 9 c) 6 d) 14

851.Phosphoric acid is syrupy in nature due to

a) Strong covalent bonding b) Hydrogen bonding

c) van der Waals’ forces d) None of the above

852.The correct order of bond angles is:

a) H 2 S < N H 3< B F 3< Si H 4

b) N H 3 < H 2 S< Si H 4 < B F 3
c) H 2 S < N H 3< Si H 4 < B F 3
d) H 2 S <Si H 4 < N H 3 < B F 3
853.Metallic lusture is explained by

a) Diffusion of metal ions b) Oscillation of loose electrons

c) Excitation of free protons d) Existence of bcc lattice

P a g e | 83
854.Which of the following phenomenon will occur when two atoms of same spin will react?

a) Bonding will not occur

b) Orbital overlap will not occur

c) Both (a) and (b)

d) None of the above

855. The hybrid state of S in S O 3 is similar to that of

a) C∈C H b) C∈C H c) C∈CH d) C∈CO

856.Among the following the pair in which the two species are not isostructural is
2 2 2 4 4 2

a) IO−¿¿and Xe O b) PF−¿¿and S F c) BH −¿¿and NH +¿¿ d) Si F and S F

857.Which of the following species contains three bond pairs and one lone pair around the
3 3 6 6 4 4 4 4

central atom?
a) N H −¿¿ b) PC l c) H O d) B F

858.Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is found in:

2 3 2 3

a) Salicyldehyde b) Water c) Acetaldehyde d) Phenol

859. The type of bond formed between H +¿¿ and N H 3 in N H +¿¿

4 ion is:

a) Ionic b) Covalent c) Dative d) Hydrogen

860. Which of the following statements is correct about N 2 molecule?

a) It has a bond order of 3 b) The number of unpaired electrons present

in it is zero and hence, it is diamagnetic
c) The order of filling of MOs is d) All the above three statements are correct
π ( 2 p x )=π ( 2 p y ) , σ (2 p z )
861.Ice has an open structure compared to water due to which it floats on water and
occupies a greater volume of space. The open structure of ice is due to:
a) Solid state of ice b) Its low density c) Crystalline nature d) Hydrogen bonding

862.Which of the following has minimum melting point?

a) CsF b) HCl c) HF d) LiF

863.Geometry of ammonia molecule and the hybridisation of nitrogen involved in it are

s p hyridisation and tetrahedral geometry

a) 3

s p hyridisation and distorted tetrahedral geometry

b) 3

s p hyridisation and triangular geometry

c) 2

d) None of the above

864.The molecule having smallest bond angle is

a) H O b) H S c) N H d) H Te
2 2 3 2

P a g e | 84
865.For a covalent solid, the units which occupy lattice points are:

a) Atoms b) Ions c) Molecules d) Electrons

866. Carbon suboxide(C 3 O 2 ) has recently been shown as a component of the atmosphere of
Venus. Which of the following formulation raepresents the correct ground state Lewis
structure for carbon suboxide?
a) :O:C::C:C:O: b) :O::C::C:C::O: d) :O: C: C: C: O:
c)
: Ö ::C::C::C::Ö :
867.The ionization energy will be maximum for the process:

a) 2+¿ ¿ b) 2+¿¿ c) Cs ⟶ C s +¿¿ d) Li ⟶ L i+¿ ¿

Ba⟶ B a Be ⟶ B e
868.Born Haber cycle is used to determine:

a) Lattice energy b) Electron affinity c) Ionization energy d) Either of them

869. In which of the following molecules/ions B F 3 , N O −¿ , and H 2 O the central atom is s p2

−¿¿
,N H ¿

hybridized?
2
2

a) B F ∧N O −¿ ¿ b) N O−¿∧N H −¿¿
2 ¿ c) N H −¿∧H 2 O¿ d) N O−¿∧H 2 O¿

870. s p3 d hybridisation results in

3 2 2 2 2

a) A square planar molecule b) An octahedron molecule

c) A trigonal bipyramidal molecule d) A tetrahedron molecule

871. In the electronic structure of H 2 S O 4 , the total number of unshared electrons is

a) 20 b) 16 c) 12 d) 8

872.Which of the following element has higher ionisation energy?

a) Boron b) Carbon c) Oxygen d) Nitrogen

873.The bond length of HCl molecule is 1.275 Å and its dipole moment is 1.03 D. The ionic
character of the molecule (in per cent) ¿charge of the electron¿ 4.8 × 10−10esu¿ is
a) 100 b) 67.3 c) 33.66 d) 16.83

874.In a double bond connecting two atoms there is a sharing of:

a) 2 electrons b) 4 electrons c) 1 electron d) All electrons

875. Number of P – O bonds in P4 O 10is

a) 17 b) 16 c) 15 d) 6

876.Elements whose electronegativities are 1.2 and 3.0 form:

a) Ionic bond b) Covalent bond c) Coordinate bond d) Metallic bond

877.Which of the following is correct?

a) Decreases in bond length means increase in bond strength

b) Covalent radius of carbon is less than that of nitrogen

P a g e | 85
 c) Single bonds are stronger than double bonds

d) Fe (III) chloride cannot exist in the dimeric form F e 2 C l 6

878.Which of the following is a favourable factor for cation formation?

a) Low ionisation potential b) High electron affinity

c) High electronegativity d) Small atomic size

879. A number of ionic compounds, e.g., AgCl ,Ca F 2 , BaS O 4 are insoluble in water. This is
because:
a) Ionic compounds do not dissolve in water

b) Water has a high dielectric constant

c) Water is not a good ionizing solvent

d) These molecules have exceptionally high attractive forces in their lattice

880.Ionisation potential values of ‘d ’ block elements as compared to ionisation potential

values of ‘ f ’ block elements are:
a) Higher b) Lower c) Equal d) Either of these

881.When a metal atom combines with a non-metal atom, the non-metal atom will

a) Lose electrons and decrease in size

b) Lose electrons and increase in size

c) Gain electrons and decrease in size

d) Gain electrons and increase in size

882.The hydration of ionic compounds involves:

a) Evolution of heat

b) Weakening of attractive forces

c) Dissociation into ions

d) All of the above

883.Which of the following is diamagnetic?

a) H +¿¿ b) O c) L i d) Fe+¿ ¿

884.Molecular orbital electronic configuration for ‘X ’ anion is

2 2 2 2

The anion ‘X ’ is
a) N −¿ ¿ b) O−¿ ¿ c) N 2−¿¿ d) O 2−¿¿

885.According to Fajan’s rule polarization is more when:

2 2 2 2

a) Small cation and large anion

P a g e | 86
 b) Small cation and small anion

c) Large cation and large anion

d) Large cation and small anion

886.Organic compounds soluble in water contain:

a) C , H . Cl b) C , H c) C , H , O d) C , S

887.Atomic radii of fluorine and neon in angstrom unit are respectively given by:

a) 0.72, 1.60 b) 1.60, 1.60 c) 0.72, 0.72 d) 1.60, 0.72

888.The decreasing order of bond angle is

a) N O > NO+¿> NO −¿¿

2 ¿ b) NO−¿>N O > NO 2
+ ¿¿
2 ¿
2 2 2

c) NO +¿> N O >NO 2
−¿ ¿
2 ¿ d) NO +¿> NO −¿> N O2 ¿
2 ¿

889.The correct order of dipole moment is:

2 2

a) C H 4< N F3< N H3< H2O

b) N F3 <C H 4 < N H 3 < H 2 O
c) N H 3 < N F 3 <C H 4 < H 2 O
d) H 2 O< N H 3 < N F 3< C H 4
890. Which oxide of nitrogen is isoelectronic with C O2?

a) N O b) N O c) NO d) N O

891.Which of the following molecules does not possess a permanent electric dipole moment?
2 2 2 2

a) H2 S
b) S O2
c) S O3
d) C S2
892.Among O, C, F, Cl, Br the correct order of increasing atomic radii is:

a) F< O< C<Cl < Br b) F< C<O< Br <Cl c) F< Cl< Br <O<C d) C< O< F<Cl < Br

893.In which of the following diatomic molecules /ions is the bond order of each molecule/ion
¿ 2.5 ?
a) O +¿ ,NO ,C N b) c) N +¿ ,NO ,O d) O +¿ ,C N
+¿ ¿
−¿ ¿ +¿ ¿ −¿, N 2 ¿
¿ + ¿,N 2 ¿
¿ ¿
C N −¿, N 2 ¿ 2

894. What type of hybridisation takes place in the N atom of N H 3 ?

2 2 2

a) 2 b) 3 c) 2 d) sp
sp sp ds p
895. Identify the correct order of solubility of N a2 S ,CuS and ZnS in aqueous medium:

a) CuS> ZnS> N a S b) ZnS> N a S >CuS c) N a S >CuS> ZnS d) N a S > ZnS>CuS

2 2 2 2

P a g e | 87
896.In the following molecule, the two carbon atoms marked by asterisk (*) possess the
following type of hybridized orbitals:

s p -orbital s p -orbital
a) 3 b) 2 c) sp-orbital d) s-orbital

897.Debye an unit of dipole moment is of the order of:

a)
10
−10
esu cm b)
10
−18
esu cm c) −6
10 esu cm d)
10
−12
esu cm
898.Which of the following is a favourable factor for cation formation?

a) High electronegativity b) High electron affinity

c) Low ionisation potential d) Smaller atomic size

899.The paramagnetic molecule at ground state among the following is

a) H b) O c) N d) CO

900.The bond in the formation of fluorine molecule will be

2 2 2

a) Due to s−s overlapping b) Due to s− p overlapping

c) Due to p− p overlapping d) Due to hybridisation

901.The diamagnetic molecules are:

a) B ,C , N b) O , N , F c) C , N , F d) B ,O , N

902. The I P1 is maximum for:

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

a) K b) Na c) Be d) He

903. In the transition of Cu to C u 2+¿¿ , there is a decrease in:

a) Atomic number

b) Atomic mass

c) Equivalent weight

d) Number of valency electrons

904.In the following, which bond will be responsible for maximum value of hydrogen bond?

a) N−H b) O−H c) F−H d) S− H

905. The bond order of O +¿¿

2 is the same as in

a) N +¿ ¿ b) C N −¿¿ c) CO d) N O+¿¿

906. Structure of XeF +¿¿ ion is

2

a) Trigonal b) Square pyramidal c) Octahedral d) Pentagonal

bipyramidal
907.The fHOMO in CO is

P a g e | 88
 a) π - bonding b) π -antibonding c) σ -antibonding d) σ - bonding

908. Which of the following has s p3-hybridization on central atom?

a) B F b) BC l c) S O d) CC l

909. Which one has s p3 hybridisation?

2 3 3 4

a) N O b) C O c) S O d) CO

910.Coordinate compounds are formed by:

2 2 2

a) Transfer of electrons

b) Sharing of electrons

c) Donation of electron pair

d) None of the above

911. In P4 O 10 the

a) Second bond in P=O is formed by pπ−dπ back bonding

b) P=O bond is formed by pπ− pπ bonding
c) P=O bond is formed by dπ −dπ bonding
d) P=O bond is formed by dπ −dπ −3 σ back bonding
912. Allene (C 3 H 4) contains

a) One double bond, one triple bond and one single bond

b) One triple and two double bonds

c) Two triple and one double bond

d) Two double and four single bond

913.Which shows non-directional bonding?

a) BC l b) CsCl c) NC l d) BeC l

914.Which one of the following contains both ionic and covalent bonds?
3 3 3

a) C H Cl b) H O c) NaOH d) C O
6 5 2 2

are isoelectronics. Their ionic size follows the order:

4+¿ ¿

915. N a+¿ , M g
3+¿ ,Si ¿
2+ ¿, Al ¿
¿

a)
4+¿ ¿
3+¿ <S i ¿
2+ ¿< Al ¿

N a+¿< M g ¿

b)
4+¿ ¿
3+¿ <S i ¿
2+ ¿< Al ¿

N a+¿> M g ¿

c)
4+¿ ¿
3+¿ >S i ¿
2+ ¿> Al ¿

N a+¿< M g ¿

d)
4+¿ ¿
3+¿ >S i ¿
2+ ¿> Al ¿

N a+¿> M g ¿

916.Which of the following does not apply to metallic bond?

P a g e | 89
 a) Overlapping valence orbitals

b) Mobile valence electrons

c) Delocalized electrons

d) Highly directed bonds

917.Van der Waals’ forces are maximum in:

a) HBr b) LiBr c) LiCl d) AgBr

918. The internuclear distance in H 2 and C l 2 molecules are 74 and 198 pm respectively. The
bond length of H —Cl may be:
a) 272 pm b) 70 pm c) 136 pm d) 248 pm

919.The molecule having zero dipole moment is

a) C H C l b) B F c) N F d) Cl F

920.For a stable molecule, the value of bond order must be

2 2 3 3 3

a) There is no relationship between stability and bond order

b) Zero

c) Positive

d) negative

921.Which compound among the following has more covalent character?

a) AlC l b) Al I c) Mg I d) NaI

922.Which among the following has the largest dipole moment?

3 3 2

a) N H b) H O c) HI d) S O

923. The hybridization of phosphorus in POC l 3 is same as in:

3 2 3

a) P∈PC l b) S∈S F c) Cl∈Cl F d) B∈BC l

924.A square planar complex is formed by hybridisation of the following atomic orbitals
3 6 3 3

a) s , p , p , p b) s , p , p , p ,d c) d , s , p , p d) s , p , p , p ,d , d

925.Which of the following pairs are isostructural?

x y z x y z x y x y z

a) S O 2−¿, N O −¿¿
3 ¿ b) B F , N F c) Br O −¿ , XeO ¿
3 d) S F , Xe F

926. Among HF, C H 4 , C H 3 OH and N 2 O 4 intermolecular hydrogen bond is expected

3 3 3 3 4 4

a) In two b) In all c) In all leaving one d) None of these

927.Hydration of different ions in aqueous solution is an example of

a) Ion – induced dipole interaction

b) Dipole - dipole interaction

P a g e | 90
 c) Dipole – induced dipole interaction

d) Ion – dipole interaction

928. Amongst LiCl , RbCl , BeC l 2 and MgC l2 , the compounds with the greatest and the least
ionic character, respectively
a) LiCl∧RbCl b) RbCl∧MgC l c) RbCl∧BeC l d) MgC l ∧BeC l

929. The percentage of p – character in the orbitals forming P – P bonds in P4 is

2 2 2 2

a) 25 b) 33 c) 50 d) 75

930.Atoms or group of atoms which are electrically charged are known as:

a) Anions b) Cations c) Ions d) Atoms

931.Which among the following elements has lowest value of ionisation energy?

a) Mg b) Ca c) Ba d) Sr

932. I P2 for an element is invariably higher than I P1 because:

a) The size of cation is smaller than its atom

b) It is difficult to remove ‘e’ from cation

c) Effective nuclear charge is more for cation

d) All of the above

933. In forming (i) N 2 ⟶ N +2 ¿¿ and (ii) O 2 ⟶ O+¿

2 ; the electrons respectively are removed from
¿

a)

b)

c)

d)

934.Which one pair of atoms or ions will have same configuration?

a) L i+¿ ¿ and H e−¿¿ b) C l −¿ ¿ and Ar c) Na and K d) F +¿¿ and Ne

935.Which combination is best explained by the coordinate covalent bond?

a) +¿+ H2 O ¿ b) Cl+ C l c) Mg+ 1 O d) H + I

H 2 2 2
2
936. The dipole moment of CHC l 3 is 1.05 debye while that of CC l 4 is zero, because CC l 4 is:

a) Linear b) Symmetrical c) Planar d) Regular tetrahedral

937.Which shows the highest lattice energy?

a) RbF b) CsF c) NaF d) KF

938. In a polar molecule, the ionic charge is 4.8 × 10−10 e.s.u. If the inter ionic distance is 1 Å
unit, then the dipole moment is

P a g e | 91
 a) 41.8 debye b) 4.18 debye c) 4.8 debye d) 0.48 debye

939.The correct order regarding the electronegativity of hybrid orbitals of carbon is:

a) 2 3 b) 2 3 c) 2 3 d) 2 3
sp< s p > s p sp< s p < s p sp> s p < s p sp> s p > s p
940. Which of the following groups all do not have s p3 d hybridisation?

a) Cl F , I F , Xe F+¿ ¿ b) c) Cl F , Br F , I F d) PC l , AsC l , P F
−¿¿
−¿, I3 ¿
−¿,Cl F 2 ¿
IC l 2
941.Which of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule for electron
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5

distribution?
a) H O b) P H c) PC l d) PC l

942.Which of the following sets represents the collection of isoelectronic species?

2 3 3 5

a) b) c) d)
−¿¿ −¿ ¿ 3+¿ ¿ −¿¿
3+¿ ,C l ¿ 3+¿ ,F ¿ 2+¿ ,Sc ¿ 3+¿ ,C l ¿

+¿ , M g2+ ¿, Al ¿
¿ +¿ ,C a2+ ¿,S c ¿
¿ −¿, M g ¿
+¿ ,C a2+ ¿,S c ¿
¿
Na Na K +¿ ,C l ¿
K
943.Which of the following has unchanged valency?

a) H b) Na c) Fe d) O

944. The structure of Xe F 4 is:

a) Planar b) Tetrahedral c) Square planar d) Pyramidal

945. N 2 and O 2 are converted into N +¿ ¿

and O 2 respectively.
+¿¿

Which of the following is not correct?

2

a) In N , the N – N bond weakens

+¿ ¿
2

b) In O 2 , O – O bond order increases

+¿¿

c) In O 2
+¿ , paramagnetism decreases¿

d) N 2 becomes diamagnetic
+¿ ¿

946.Which molecule has trigonal planar geometry?

a) I F b) PC l c) N H d) B F

947.Malleability and ductility of metals can be accounted due to

3 3 3 3

a) The presence of electrostatic force

b) The crystalline structure in metal

c) The capacity of layers of metal ions to slide over the other

d) The interaction of electrons with metal ions in the lattice

948. Underlined carbon is s p3 hybridised in

a) C H C H=C H b) C H C H N H c) C H C ON H d) C H C H C N

949.Hydrogen fluoride is a liquid unlike other hydrogen halides because:

3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 2

a) HF molecules associate due to hydrogen bonding

b) F 2 is highly reactive

P a g e | 92
 c) HF is the weakest acid of all hydrogen halides
d) Fluorine atom is the smallest of all halogens

950. The number of sigma (σ )and pi (π ) covalent bonds respectively in banzene nitrile are

a) 5, 13 b) 15, 3 c) 13, 5 d) 16, 2

951.In which one of the following cases, breaking of covalent bond takes place?

a) Boiling of H O b) Melting of KCN c) Boiling of C F d) Melting of Si O

952.Which compound is soluble in water

2 4 2

a) C S b) C H OH c) CC l d) CHC l

953.A π-bond is formed by sideways overlapping of:

2 2 5 4 3

a) s- s orbitals b) p- p orbitals c) s- p orbitals d) s- p- s orbitals

954.Which statement is true?

a) Absolutely pure water does not contain any ion.

b) Some covalent compounds may also give ions in aqueous solution.

c) In aqueous solution only electrovalent compound give ions.

d) Very sparingly soluble substances do not dissociate in aqueous solution

955.Formation of π -bond:

a) Increases bond length

b) Decreases bond length

c) Distorts the geometry of molecule

d) Makes homoatomic molecules more reactive

956. In which reaction, the hybridisation on the central atom changes from s p2 to s p3?

a) N H + H +¿⟶ NH +¿ ¿
4 ¿ b) B F + F−¿⟶ BF −¿¿
4 ¿ c) H 0+ H +¿⟶ H O 3
+¿¿
¿ d) C H +2 H ⟶ C H

957. The low solubility of BaS O 4 in water is due to:

3 3 2 2 2 2 2 6

a) Low dissociation energy

b) Ionic bonds

c) High value of lattice energy

d) None of the above

958. The number of lone pairs of electron on Xe in XeO F 4 is:

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

959.Which compound does not contain double bond or triple bond?

P a g e | 93
 a) C H b) H O c) N d) HCN

960.The compound showing maximum covalent character is:

2 4 2 2

a) B I b) BC l c) B F d) BBr

961. Carbon atoms in C 2 ( CN )4 are:

3 3 3 3

a) sp-hybridised

s p -hybridised
b) 2

c) sp- and s p2-hybridised

sp , s p and s p -hybridised
d) 2 3

962.Which statement is wrong?

a) 2nd ionisation energy shows jump in alkali metals

b) 2nd electron affinity for halogens is zero

c) Maximum electron affinity exists for F

d) Maximum ionization energy exists for He
963.Value of x in potash alum,
K 2 S O 4 . A I x ( S O 4 )3 .24 H 2 O is
a) 4 b) 1 c) 2 d) None of these

964.Among the following, the paramagnetic compound is

a) N a O b) O c) N O d) K O

965. HCl molecule in the vapour state is an example of:

2 2 3 2 2

a) Non-polar bond b) Ionic bond c) Polar covalent bondd) Pure covalent bond

966.The electrons in an incomplete outershell are known as:

a) Kernel electrons b) Valency electrons c) Shell electrons d) None of the above

967. According to bond order concept the correct order of stability of O 2, O +¿¿
2 , and O 2
−¿ ¿
is

a) O >O+¿>O −¿ ¿
2 ¿ b) O−¿>O >O 2
+ ¿¿
2 ¿ c) O >O−¿>O + ¿¿
2 ¿ d) O +¿>O > O
2
−¿¿
2 ¿

968.The element which exists in both hard and soft form is:
2 2 2 2 2 2

a) Fe b) Si c) C d) Al

969.Which of the following is not a correct statement?

a) Every A B5 molecule does in fact have square pyramid structure.

b) Multiple bonds are always shorter than corresponding single bonds.

c) The electron-deficient molecules can act as Lewis acids.

d) The canonical structures have no real existence.

P a g e | 94
970.The bond strength increases:

a) With increasing bond order

b) With increasing extent of overlapping of orbitals

c) With decreasing difference between energies of overlapping orbitals

d) All of the above

971. The number of unpaired electrons in O 2 molecule is:

a) Zero b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

972.Which has higher bond energy and stronger bond?

a) F b) C l c) B r d) I

973.Which of the following statements regarding carbon monoxide is correct?

2 2 2 2

a) It involves sp-orbitals of carbon

b) It contains a lone pair only on carbon

c) It contains a lone pair only on oxygen

d) In carbonyl, oxygen end is attached to the metal atoms

974.Which of the following is having highest bond length?

a) N O−¿¿ b) N O+¿¿ c) C N −¿¿ d) C N +¿ ¿

975. Which of the following statement is correct for CsB r 3?

a) It is a covalent compound

b) It contains C s3 +¿¿ and B r ions

−¿¿

c) It contains C s and B r 3 ions

+¿ ¿ −¿¿

d) It contains C s+¿ , B r and lattice B r 2 molecule

−¿ ¿
¿

976.In 1 – butene number of σ - bonds is

a) 8 b) 10 c) 11 d) 12

977.Which does not have pyramidal geometry?

a) S O 2−¿¿ b) N O−¿¿ c) N H d) C ( C H )−¿¿

978. The nature of bonding in CC l 4 ∧Ca H 2 :

3 3 3 6 5 3

a) Electrovalent in both CC l 4 ∧Ca H 2

b) Covalent in CC l 4 and electrovalent in Ca H 2
c) Electrovalent in CC l 4 and covalent in Ca H 2
d) None of the above

979.Which of the following oxides is not expected to react with sodium hydroxide?
P a g e | 95
a) BeO b) B O c) CaO d) SiO
2 3 2

P a g e | 96
 ACTIVE SITE TUTORIALS
Date : 23-07-2019 TEST ID: 129
Time : 16:19:00 CHEMISTRY
Marks : 3916
4.CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

: ANSWER KEY :

1) b 2) b 3) b 4) d 153) c 154) c 155) d 156) d

5) b 6) b 7) b 8) a 157) d 158) d 159) b 160) c
9) b 10) b 11) c 12) b 161) d 162) d 163) c 164) a
13) c 14) a 15) a 16) d 165) c 166) b 167) c 168) c
17) b 18) c 19) a 20) c 169) c 170) d 171) d 172) b
21) b 22) a 23) c 24) d 173) a 174) c 175) b 176) d
25) c 26) d 27) b 28) a 177) d 178) c 179) a 180) c
29) c 30) a 31) a 32) a 181) b 182) c 183) b 184) c
33) b 34) d 35) a 36) a 185) b 186) d 187) a 188) c
37) c 38) c 39) b 40) c 189) b 190) a 191) b 192) c
41) b 42) d 43) b 44) c 193) d 194) c 195) d 196) a
45) b 46) a 47) c 48) d 197) b 198) d 199) d 200) b
49) a 50) c 51) c 52) d 201) c 202) c 203) b 204) c
53) a 54) c 55) c 56) b 205) d 206) a 207) d 208) c
57) a 58) b 59) c 60) a 209) a 210) a 211) d 212) c
61) a 62) a 63) c 64) c 213) b 214) d 215) c 216) c
65) a 66) a 67) c 68) c 217) a 218) b 219) c 220) b
69) c 70) a 71) a 72) b 221) b 222) c 223) b 224) c
73) b 74) a 75) a 76) d 225) d 226) a 227) c 228) a
77) a 78) c 79) d 80) d 229) c 230) b 231) a 232) a
81) c 82) b 83) c 84) b 233) d 234) d 235) a 236) c
85) b 86) b 87) c 88) b 237) c 238) d 239) b 240) c
89) d 90) a 91) a 92) c 241) c 242) c 243) a 244) c
93) d 94) d 95) d 96) b 245) c 246) d 247) c 248) b
97) c 98) c 99) d 100) c 249) c 250) b 251) d 252) b
101) c 102) a 103) c 104) d 253) a 254) c 255) b 256) b
105) c 106) d 107) a 108) b 257) b 258) d 259) b 260) c
109) a 110) b 111) d 112) a 261) a 262) b 263) b 264) d
113) a 114) a 115) c 116) a 265) b 266) a 267) d 268) d
117) a 118) a 119) c 120) c 269) b 270) c 271) d 272) b
121) a 122) b 123) b 124) c 273) c 274) d 275) a 276) c
125) d 126) c 127) d 128) b 277) c 278) d 279) a 280) c
129) b 130) a 131) b 132) d 281) a 282) d 283) b 284) a
133) c 134) a 135) a 136) d 285) a 286) c 287) a 288) a
137) a 138) c 139) c 140) c 289) b 290) a 291) c 292) b
141) d 142) a 143) d 144) a 293) b 294) a 295) b 296) d
145) d 146) c 147) a 148) a 297) c 298) c 299) c 300) d
149) c 150) c 151) d 152) a 301) d 302) a 303) c 304) d

P a g e | 97
305) d 306) c 307) d 308) d 509) c 510) b 511) d 512) a
309) b 310) c 311) a 312) d 513) b 514) d 515) d 516) b
313) b 314) a 315) c 316) b 517) a 518) d 519) a 520) c
317) a 318) b 319) b 320) a 521) a 522) c 523) a 524) b
321) b 322) b 323) b 324) b 525) d 526) a 527) d 528) a
325) a 326) b 327) a 328) d 529) d 530) a 531) b 532) a
329) b 330) d 331) d 332) b 533) b 534) c 535) c 536) d
333) c 334) b 335) d 336) a 537) a 538) b 539) a 540) c
337) d 338) b 339) b 340) d 541) a 542) c 543) b 544) a
341) b 342) d 343) b 344) a 545) b 546) b 547) c 548) d
345) b 346) c 347) d 348) d 549) c 550) c 551) d 552) c
349) b 350) a 351) c 352) b 553) b 554) a 555) b 556) a
353) b 354) c 355) b 356) d 557) c 558) a 559) b 560) c
357) a 358) c 359) d 360) b 561) c 562) b 563) d 564) b
361) c 362) b 363) d 364) a 565) c 566) d 567) b 568) a
365) a 366) c 367) d 368) a 569) b 570) c 571) b 572) a
369) d 370) c 371) c 372) a 573) a 574) b 575) b 576) b
373) a 374) a 375) a 376) d 577) b 578) b 579) b 580) b
377) a 378) d 379) b 380) d 581) a 582) d 583) b 584) b
381) a 382) d 383) d 384) b 585) c 586) c 587) a 588) a
385) a 386) a 387) a 388) a 589) c 590) d 591) b 592) b
389) b 390) a 391) c 392) a 593) c 594) d 595) a 596) c
393) a 394) c 395) c 396) c 597) c 598) c 599) b 600) b
397) b 398) d 399) d 400) a 601) b 602) c 603) a 604) b
401) b 402) b 403) b 404) c 605) a 606) a 607) a 608) a
405) d 406) c 407) b 408) b 609) d 610) c 611) c 612) c
409) b 410) b 411) c 412) b 613) c 614) b 615) a 616) d
413) c 414) d 415) d 416) b 617) c 618) c 619) c 620) b
417) c 418) a 419) c 420) b 621) d 622) a 623) b 624) c
421) d 422) c 423) d 424) c 625) d 626) d 627) b 628) a
425) a 426) c 427) c 428) b 629) a 630) b 631) a 632) c
429) b 430) c 431) d 432) a 633) b 634) a 635) c 636) d
433) d 434) c 435) d 436) b 637) a 638) c 639) d 640) b
437) b 438) c 439) b 440) b 641) c 642) b 643) a 644) a
441) b 442) c 443) a 444) b 645) a 646) b 647) c 648) d
445) a 446) c 447) c 448) a 649) a 650) b 651) a 652) c
449) b 450) c 451) a 452) b 653) a 654) b 655) c 656) b
453) d 454) a 455) d 456) b 657) c 658) d 659) d 660) c
457) c 458) b 459) d 460) d 661) c 662) a 663) a 664) b
461) b 462) a 463) c 464) c 665) a 666) b 667) b 668) d
465) a 466) d 467) d 468) a 669) d 670) c 671) b 672) d
469) d 470) d 471) d 472) a 673) b 674) b 675) c 676) d
473) b 474) b 475) c 476) a 677) b 678) d 679) c 680) d
477) d 478) c 479) a 480) d 681) a 682) a 683) d 684) c
481) b 482) c 483) d 484) b 685) c 686) c 687) d 688) a
485) c 486) b 487) b 488) a 689) b 690) c 691) b 692) b
489) c 490) b 491) d 492) a 693) d 694) b 695) a 696) b
493) c 494) b 495) c 496) b 697) a 698) c 699) a 700) d
497) c 498) b 499) c 500) d 701) b 702) b 703) a 704) d
501) d 502) b 503) b 504) b 705) b 706) b 707) b 708) b
505) c 506) b 507) c 508) c 709) c 710) c 711) d 712) a
P a g e | 98
713) b 714) c 715) c 716) a 849) d 850) a 851) b 852) c
717) d 718) a 719) d 720) d 853) b 854) c 855) b 856) d
721) a 722) a 723) a 724) b 857) b 858) a 859) c 860) d
725) d 726) d 727) d 728) d 861) d 862) b 863) b 864) d
729) c 730) b 731) c 732) c 865) a 866) c 867) b 868) d
733) b 734) c 735) b 736) d 869) a 870) c 871) b 872) d
737) b 738) c 739) b 740) c 873) d 874) b 875) b 876) a
741) b 742) a 743) c 744) b 877) a 878) a 879) d 880) a
745) a 746) a 747) a 748) b 881) d 882) d 883) c 884) a
749) b 750) d 751) a 752) a 885) a 886) c 887) a 888) c
753) b 754) c 755) c 756) b 889) a 890) b 891) d 892) a
757) b 758) c 759) a 760) b 893) c 894) b 895) d 896) c
761) b 762) a 763) b 764) a 897) b 898) c 899) b 900) c
765) d 766) d 767) b 768) d 901) c 902) d 903) d 904) c
769) d 770) c 771) b 772) d 905) a 906) b 907) d 908) d
773) b 774) a 775) b 776) c 909) c 910) c 911) a 912) d
777) b 778) c 779) c 780) a 913) b 914) c 915) d 916) d
781) a 782) b 783) a 784) b 917) d 918) c 919) b 920) c
785) a 786) d 787) a 788) d 921) b 922) b 923) a 924) c
789) b 790) b 791) d 792) a 925) c 926) a 927) d 928) c
793) a 794) b 795) b 796) d 929) d 930) c 931) c 932) d
797) a 798) d 799) b 800) b 933) c 934) b 935) a 936) d
801) d 802) c 803) c 804) b 937) c 938) c 939) d 940) d
805) c 806) a 807) a 808) d 941) d 942) d 943) b 944) c
809) a 810) a 811) a 812) d 945) d 946) d 947) c 948) b
813) b 814) a 815) a 816) a 949) a 950) c 951) d 952) b
817) a 818) c 819) a 820) d 953) b 954) b 955) b 956) b
821) c 822) a 823) b 824) d 957) c 958) a 959) b 960) c
825) a 826) b 827) a 828) c 961) c 962) c 963) c 964) d
829) a 830) d 831) a 832) a 965) c 966) b 967) d 968) c
833) b 834) a 835) d 836) a 969) a 970) d 971) c 972) b
837) a 838) b 839) b 840) c 973) a 974) a 975) c 976) c
841) d 842) d 843) a 844) a 977) b 978) b 979) c
845) a 846) a 847) b 848) d

P a g e | 99
 ACTIVE SITE TUTORIALS
Date : 23-07-2019 TEST ID: 129
Time : 16:19:00 CHEMISTRY
Marks : 3916
4.CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

: HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :

These are the factors on which van der Waals’

forces depend.
1
(b)

Molecu Hybridizati
5

le on
(b)
It has s p3 d 3-hybridization with one lone pair
on X e .
S O3 sp
2

C2 H2 sp
C2 H4 2 6
sp
C H4 3 (b)
sp
Bond order ∝
C O2 sp 1
Bond length
BO of NO<BO of N O
+¿¿

∴ Bond length of NO is greater than the bond

2

is smaller than N a and thus, smaller length of N O .

(b) +¿¿
2+¿¿ +¿ ¿

is cation more is hydration energy.

Mg
7

Element with atomic number 20 is metal

(b)
3

(Ca); it will combine with non-metal.

(b)
Number of lone pair in XeO F 4 is one (1). The
structure of XeO F 4 is given as follows :
8

A decrease in s-character increases bond

(a)

length.
10

Calculated dipole moment,

(b)

−10 −19
μcal =2.0 ×10 m× 1.6× 10 C
−29
¿ 3.2 ×10
C−m.

Percentage of ionic character =

μ exp
×100
μ cal
−29
5.12×10
¿ −29
×1 00=16 %
3.2×10
11
(c)
One π -bond so remaining six electron pairs
C 2 H 4 involves s p2-hybridization on carbon
form an octahedron with one position atoms.
occupied by a lone pair. 12

According to molecular orbital theory.

4 (b)
(d)

P a g e | 100
F 2 ( 18 ) =σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 pz , π 2 p x ≈ π 2 p y , π 2¿ p8.3
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 2
x , ≈ π×24.5=3.56
py %
Bond order in F 2= Thus, the s-character should decrease by
N b−¿ N 10−8 10.5
a
= =1 ¿
about 3.56%, ie , s -character ¿ 25−3.56=21.44 %
2 2
15
21
Bond formation is always exothermic.
(a)
(b)
Compounds of sodium are ionic. B has only six electron in B2 H 6 .
16 22

Like gets dissolved in like. It is theory.

(a)
In case of water, five water molecules are
(d)

attached together through four hydrogen 23

bonding
Ionic compounds are good conductor of
(c)

electricity in molten or in solution state.

17

Removal of electron is easier in the order of However, they are bad-conductor in solid
(b)

shell 4 >3>2> 1 state.

18 24

In benzene 12 σ∧3 π bonds are present. The

(d)
Bond order of N O , NO and N O are 3, 2.5
(c)

structure of benzene is
+¿¿ −¿¿

and 2 respectively.
Bond energy ∝ bond order.
19

FXF angles of two types are present in s p3 d

(a)

hybrid orbitals. Since, S F 4 shows s p3 d

hybridisation as follows, therefore, it exhibits
two different FXF angles.

25
(c)
In CO 3 ion the C-atom undergoes s p2-
2−¿¿

hybridisation. It has triangular planar

20

structure. While and SO 4 have

s-character∝bond angle
(c) + ¿¿
−¿ , NH 4 ¿ 2−¿ ¿
BF4
For 25% s character (as in s p3hybrid orbital), tetrahedral structure.
bond angle is 109.5 ° , for 33.3% s character
26

(as in s p2 hybrid orbital),bond angle is 120 °

PC l 5 has trigonal bipyramid geometry.
(d)

and for 50% s character (as in sp hybrid

orbital ), bond angle is 180 ° .
27

Similarly, when the bond angle decreases

(b)
has octahedral geometry,
below 1.9 .5 °, the s−¿character will decrease
S F6 3 2

hybridisation and bond angle is 90 °

sp d
accordingly
Decreasing in angle ¿ 120 °−109.5 °=10.5 °
∴ Decrease in s-character ¿ 33.3−25=8.3
Actual decrease in bond angle
¿ 109.5 °−105 °=4.5°
∴ Expected decrease in s-character

P a g e | 101
 P F5 involves s p3 d -hybridization.
39
(b)
I 3 ion is made up of an I 2 molecule with an
−¿¿

bonded to it by means of a coordinate

−¿¿
I
bond in which I 2is lone pair acceptor (Lewis
acid) and I the lone pair donor (Lewis
−¿¿

base). There are two bond pairs and three

% of d-character¿ lone pairs in the outer shell of central atom.
2 ( no . of d−orbitals )
×100
To minimize the repulsive forces the three
6 ( total hybridised orbitals )

lone pairs occupy the equatorial position. The

¿ 33 %
So, S F6 are bond angle = 90 °
ion is therefore, linear in shape with a bond
and d-character = 33%.
28 angle of exactly 180 ° .
I

Head on overlapping give rise to σ -bond

(a)

formation. I
29
(c)
Allene is C H 2=C=C H 2.
I

30

Silicate ion ¿ is the basic structural unit of

(a) I2 + I- I I I
-

silicates. Silicates are metal derivatives of

Lewis Lewis

silicic acid.
acid base
Similarly, N 3 ion is also linear in shape.
−¿ ¿
31
40
Due to planar equilateral geometry of
(a)

According to M.O. theory, bond order of

(c)
graphite.
are 3, 2.5 and 2 respectively.
2−¿¿

32 N 2 , N −¿∧
2
N 2 ¿

41
Due to non-availability of d -orbitals, boron
(a)
(b)
cannot expand its octet. Therefore, the e .g., B F 3.
maximum covalence of boron cannot exceed
4.
42
(d)
Bond order for H 2
−¿=+1/ 2 ¿
33

Cations are always shorter than their parent

(b) 43

atom, anion are always larger. sp-hybridization leads to bond angle of 180 ͦ.
(b)

35 44

H-bonding is weakest bonding.

(a) (c)
μ H 2 O ≠ 0 , μ CO =0 2
36
45

5 of P+24 of O+3 of –ve charge = 32.

(a)
(b)

No, of hybrid orbital ¿ ¿No.ofe−¿¿ in V-shell of

1
37

atom+¿ No.of monovalent atoms –charge on

2
Benzene has 12 σ - and 3 π -bonds.
(c)

cation +charge on anion]

No. of hybrid orbital 2 3 4
38
(c)

P a g e | 102
5 6 7 One bonding molecular orbital and one
Type of hybridisation s p antibonding.
2 3
sp sp
sp d
3 3 2
sp d
3 3
sp d 57
Hybridisation in TeC l 4 :
Follow Fajans’ rule.
(a)

No. of hybrid orbital ¿ [ 6+ 4+0+ 0 ] =5

1
58
2
Hence, TeC l 4 shows s p3 d hybridisation.
Removal of two electrons (one by one) from
(b)

an atom requires energy ¿ I P1 + I P2 .

46

The stability and bond angle order for hybrids

(a)
59

in a group is N H 3 > P H 3> As H 3 > Sb H 3> Bi H 3.

The molecular orbital electronic
(c)

configuration.
47

Isoelectronic species are those species which (¿σ 1 s ) ¿ ¿

(c)
2

have equal number of electrons. Hence, C O2 ( π 2 p ) ( π 2 p ) ( π 2 p ) ( π 2 p )

¿

is isoelectronic with N 2 O. Total electrons =17

2 2 2 1
y z y z

Number of electron in C O2=22 Hence, this configuration belongs to O 2 (17

−¿ ¿

Number of electron in N 2 O=22 e ion.

−¿¿

48 60
(d) (a)
In BeC l 2, Be atom has incomplete octet.
2
3 −¿: s p ¿
+¿: s p ;N O3 ¿
H3 O
49 61

Greater the charge, smaller the radius, 6, 6

(a) (a)

greater the polarising power and thus greater

the covalent nature. This leads to increase in
62

More is the dipole moment more is ionic

(a)
lattice energy.
nature. μ=δ × d ; higher is μ, more will be δ on
the atom.
50
(c)
The structure, C H 2=C=C H 2 is non-planar 63
with two – C H 2 groups being in planes (c)
perpendicular to each other. Due to s p3-hybridization.
52 65

Each species has 14 electrons and bond order

(a)
Electronegativity increases along the period
(d)

and decreases down the group. for each is three.

53 66

Among the given choices of compound having

(a)
Brass in an alloy.
(a)

oxygen attached to hydrogen will have

maximum hydrogen bonding.
54

It is head on overlapping and thus, forms ∵Among C H 3 OC H 3, ( C H 3 ) 2 C=O , C H 3 CHO

(c)

more stronger bond. and C 2 H 5 OH only C 2 H 5 OH has oxygen

55 attached to hydrogen atom.
shows maximum hydrogen
H-bonding in molecule gives rise to increase
(c) ∴ C2 H 5 OH
bonding.
in its b.p. 67
56 (c)
(b)
P a g e | 103
It is experimental value. Bond order =
68 bonding electrons−antibonding electrons
(c) 2
has 14 electrons. Its electronic 1
2+¿ ¿
O2
configuration is as
¿ =0.5
2
H 2 is paramagnetic due to the presence of
+¿¿

one unpaired electron.

2¿ 2 2¿ 2 2 2 2

O+¿:
2
σ 1s σ 1 s ,σ 2 s σ 2 s , π 2 p y π 2 p z σ 2 px ¿

Bond order ¿
N b−¿ N 10−4
a
73 = =3 ¿
2 2
H-bonding in molecules gives rise to increase
(b)
69

in b.p.
In diamagnetic molecule, all the electrons are
(c)

paired
74

Bond distance is in the order :

(a)
70
(a)
C−C> C=C>C ≡C
3 2
s p >s p > sp
75
(a)
% ionic character ¿ 16 ( x A −x B ) +3.5 ( x A −x B )
2

2
¿ 16 ×2+3.5 ×(2 )
¿4 6
∴The % covalent character ¿ 100−46=54
76
(d)
Hence, enolic form of acetone contains 9 IC l 2 has s p d -hybridized state (i .e ., trigonal
3 −¿¿

sigma bonds, 1 pi bond and two lone pairs. bipyramidal shape but distorted due to the
71 presence of lone pair of electron on I atom.)
(a) 77
In NO 3 ion, total number of electrons = (a)
−¿¿

7+24+1=32 and in it central atom is s p2 Like gets dissolved in like.

hybrid. 78
No. of hybrid orbitals =
(c)
N 2 O is isoelectronic with C O2 and N −¿
3 .
¿

Hence, its structure is linear.

V −8 B 24−8 × 3
+ B= +3
(V → total number of electrons in valence
2 2
N−N −O
shell 79
B → probability of formation of bond)
H atom attached on N , O, F develops
(d)
In CO 3 ion, total number of electrons =
hydrogen bonding molecule.
2−¿¿

6+24+2=32 and in it central atom is s p2

hybrid.
80
(d)
No. of hybrid orbital= In CC l 4 all bonds of carbon being identical,
24−8 ×3
+3=3
the molecule is a regular tetrahedron
2
Hence, NO 3 and CO 3 ions are isoelectronic 81
−¿¿ 2−¿¿

and isostructural. (c)

72 In O 2−¿¿ effective nuclear charge is minimum
due to more number of electrons and thus the
(b)
(According to molecular orbital size of O 2−¿¿ is maximum.
2

H +¿=σ 1s ¿

theory)
2

P a g e | 104
82 state.
(b)
The zero dipole moment of B F 3 molecule is
93

Metals are good conductor of electricity

(d)
due to its symmetrical (triangular planar)
structure. because they contain free electrons.
94

OS F2 has pyramidal shape

(d)

84

Bond dissociation energy order:

(b)

C l 2 > B r 2> F 2 > I 2

242.6 192.8 158.8 95151.1 in

Non-polar species exert van der Waals’ forces

kJ mol
−1 (d)

among themselves.
85

C H 3 OH shows H—bonding in liquid state.

(b)
96

It has 3 σ -and 1 π -bond.

(b)
86

They have high electron density.

(b)
97
(c)
C l has 1 s 2 , 2 s 2 2 p6 , 3 s 2 3 p6 configuration.
87 −¿ ¿

A coordinate bond is a dative covalent bond in 98

(c)

which two atoms form bond and one of them (c)

provides both electrons. Per cent ionic character is given by % of ionic
X :+Y ⟶ X :Y ∨ X ⟶Y character.
2
¿ 16 ( X A − X B ) +3.5 ( X A− X B )
From the above relation, it is clear that as
88
(b)
C−C bond length in s p hybrid molecule is soon as ( X A− X B )increases, % ionic character
2

¿ 1.39 Å will also increase.

89 Therefore, curve C shows a correct path.

More is electronegativity differences, more is

(d) 99

ionic character.
(d)
7Cl=1 s , 2 s ,2 p ,3 s , 3 p x ,3 p y , 3 p z
2 2 6 2 2 2 1

Cl=1 s , 2 s ,2 p ,3 s , 3 p x ,3 p y , 3 p z , 3 d ,3 d 3 d
90 2 2 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Cation are always smaller than their parent (3rd excited

(a)

atoms: state)
Chlorine atom, in its third excited state,
.
reacts with fluorine to form Cl F 7. Its shape is
+¿< Al¿
2 +¿< A l ¿
3+¿< A l ¿
Al

pentagonal bipyramidal.
91

We know that the C−C bond length = 1.54 A,

(a)
100
C =C bond length = 1.34 A and C ≡ C bond
Anion ¿ repels the test electron because of
(c)
length = 1.20 A. Since propyne has triple
same charge.
bond; therefore, it has minimum bond length.
101
92
(c)
Ionic compounds conduct current in molten
Cl in Cl F 3 has s p3 d -hybridization
(c)

P a g e | 105
 2 2
¿ ( π 2 p y) ( π 2 p z )
N 2 ion is formed when N 2 accept an electron
−¿ ¿

hence it has15 electrons. The molecular

orbital electronic configuration of the
molecule is as
2 ¿ 2
−¿ : KK ( σ 2 s) ( 2 s ) ( π 2 p x )2 ( π 2 p y )2 ¿
N2 σ

2 1

and possesses two axial Cl — F bonds and one

( σ 2 p z ) ( ¿π 2 px )
Hence, this electron goes to antibonding π
equatorial bond. Two lone pairs are at molecular orbital.
equatorial position give rise to bent ‘T’ shape
to Cl F 3.
108

The size of isoelectronic decreases with

(b)
103
(c) increase in atomic number.
O2 has one unpaired electron in its
−¿ ¿

antibonding molecular orbital.

109
(a)
The bond orders for H 2 , H 2 and H e 2 are
+ ¿, H e2 ¿ + ¿¿
104
1.0, 0.5, 0.0 and 0.5 respectively.
PC l 3 < PBr 3 < P I 3, the bond angle order is
(d)

explained in terms of increasing

110

electronegativity of halogens, whereas, N atom has smallest radius.

(b)

P F3 > PC l 3, bond angle order is explained in 111

terms of pπ - dπ bonding in P F3 .
The order of screening effect for a given shell
(d)

electrons is s> p> d> f .

105
(c)
μ experimental=Dipole moment ×10
−18 112

The stability of hydrides decreases down the

−10 (a)
μ theoretical=Bond length × 4.8 ×10 esu × cm

gp, i .e ., from N H 3 to Bi H 3 which can be

μexperimental
Percentage ionic character= × 100
observed from their bond dissociation
μtheoretical

−18
enthalpy. The correct order is
1.0 ×10 ×100 N H 3 < P H 3< As H 3 < Sb H 3< Bi H 3
¿ −10 −8

Property
1.25× 4.8 ×10 ×10
¿ 16.66 % N H3 P H3 As H 3 Sb H 3 Bi H
106 38 322 297 255
9
−1

∆ diss H−¿(E− H )/kJ mo l ¿ −¿

CC l 4 does not exhibit dipole moment due to

(d)

its symmetrical structure. 113

Cl (a)
¿ S F 4 has s p3 d 2-hybridization and see-saw
Cl−C−Cl geometry.
¿ 114
Cl
Due to presence of intermolecular hydrogen
(a)
107
bonding in H 2 O, its molecules are associated
N 2 molecule has 14 electrons. The molecular with each other which results unusual high
(a)

orbital electronic configuration of the boiling point of water.

molecule is as 115
2 ¿ 2 2
N 2 : KK ( σ 2 s ) ( σ 2 s ) ( π 2 p x ) (c)

P a g e | 106
Larger is anion, more is covalent character.
116

Molecular orbital configuration of,

(a)

2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 2
1 s ,σ 2 s ,σ 2 s , σ 2 p , π 2 px , π 2 p y , π 2 pz ,π 2 p y ¿
O 2−¿=σ
2
1 s ,σ

117

Valencies of X, Y and Z is +2, +2 and -2

(a)

respectively so, they will form a compound

having of formula XY Z 2 .
118

The molecule in which the bond dipoles of all

(a)

the bonds are cancel out by each other, is

called non – polar e.g., CC l 4 .
In CC l 4 , there is a large difference between
the electronegativities of C and Cl but all the
four C−Cl bond dipoles cancel each other ,
hence it is a non-polar molecule.

119 120
(c)
Tetrahedral structure is associated with s p3
(c)
Methyl group has + I effect and−N O2group
hybridised central atom without any lone has−I effect. Therefore, in p-nitro toluene the
pair. The structure of all the compounds dipole moments of – C H 3and−N O2 groups act
given are as follows : in the same direction. So, the resultant dipole
moment is additive.
i.e., 3.93+0.43=4.36 debye

121

The tendency to show lower ionic state

(a)

increases down the group due to inert pair

effect.
122

P a g e | 107
(b) 131

structure The of peroxodisulphuric acid

CH ≡ C−C H 2−C H 3 (b)

In butyne – 1, there is no carbon with s p2 (H 2 S 2 O 8 ) is

3 3
sp sp s p s p

hybridisation.
123
(b)

NO
+¿: σ 1 s2 , σ x 1 s2, σ 2 s2 ,σ x 2 s2 ,σ 2 p 2x
[ ]
π 2 p2y
π 2 π2z
¿
B .O .=
10−4
2
=3

Hence, it contains 11σ and4 π -bonds.

C N : σ 1s ,σ 1s ,σ 2s ,σ 2 s ,σ 2 p
[ ]
2
−¿¿ 2 x 2 132 2 x 2 2 π 2 py
2 x
π 2 pz
Paramagnetic species have unpaired
(d)

electrons
10−4
B .O .= =3
2
124 133

N in it has three σ-bonds and one lone pair of

(c)
Electron affinity order for halogens is
(c)

Cl> F> Br > I . electron.

125 134

Sulphur trioxide has no S−S linkage. It has Electron deficient species can accept lone
(d) (a)

triangular planar geometry. pair of electron and thus, act as Lewis acid.
135

N H 3 has pyramidal shape and thus, possesses

(a)

three folds axis of symmetry.

136
(d)
IC l 2 has s p3 d -hybridization and has two
−¿¿
127
(d) bond pairs and three lone pairs of electrons.
All molecules or ions i .e ., H 2 O, NH +¿SO
−¿ ,∧ N H ¿
3
2−¿,ClO 4 ¿
¿
137
are involved in s p3 hybridisation in their
4
4,

The dipole moment of a polar molecule

(a)
formation.
depends upon its geometry. A symmetrical
molecule is non-polar even though it contain
129

p-orbitals always show lateral overlapping. polar bonds. Methane molecule (C H 4) has
(b)

zero moment value of dipole moment due to

its symmetrical structure.
130

S F6 does not obey octet rule as in it S-atom In CHC l 3 , the resultant of C – H and C – Cl
(a)

has 12 electrons in its valence shell. dipole oppose the resultant of two C – Cl
dipoles while in C H 2 C l 2, the resultant of C –
H dipoles adds to resultant of two C – Cl. In
case C H 3 Cl , the resultant of two C – H dipole
adds to the resultant of two C – Cl. In case
C H 3 Cl the resultant of two C – H dipoles add
to the resultant of C – H and C – Cl dipoles.
Thus dipole moment of C H 3 Cl is highest
among the given compounds. The molecule (

P a g e | 108
CC l 4 ) again becomes symmetrical and dipole Both are linear.
moment reduces to zero. 149

Inspite of three polar bond, the lone pair of

138 (c)

electron on N atom decreases the dipole

(c)
S in SC l 4 is s p3 d -hybridized and possesses
see-saw structure whereas SiC l 4 is moment of N F3 than N H 3.
tetrahedral. 150

Polarity in a molecule gives rise to an

(c)

increase in forces of attractions among

molecules and thus, more becomes boiling
point.
152

The melting point of naphthalene is minimum

(a)

because it is non – polar covalent compound

139

Oxygen cannot expand its octet due to and has less melting point.
(c)

absence of d -orbitals in its valence shell. 153

B F 3 is a electron deficient compound. So, it

142 (c)

Geometry is explained by taking an account has no lone pair orbital over B atom.
(a)

of single bonds only. However, presence of

double bond may distort bond angles, e .g.,
154

HCHO has s p -hybridization but angle H —C — Molecular orbital theory was given by
(c)

Mulliken.
2

H is 116 and angle H —C —O is 122 due to

double bond. In B F 3 ¿-hybridization ¿ each 155
angle is of 120.
(d)
The trigonal geometry of B F 3 with three
vectors (B → F) acting at 120 leads to zero
143

The shape of carbon dioxide is linear because dipole moment. In N H 3 three vectors (N ← H )
(d)

it has sp hybridisation and bond angle 180 ° . act as 107 along with one lone pair giving
O=C=O dipole moment in molecule.
144 156

Addition of electrons to an atom results an Proton ¿ can only accept a lone pair from
(a) (d)

increase in its size. donor atom.

145 157

Each has 10 electrons

(d)
H 2 O is V shaped.
(d)

146 158

3 Isomerism is arised due to directional nature

(c) (d)
In diethyl ether oxygen undergoes s p
hybridisation forming four s p3 hybrid orbitals. of covalent bonding.
159
147
(b)
S F 4 has s p3 d -hybridized sulphur atom.
As soon as the electronegativity increases,
(a)

ionic bond strength increases 160

(c)
has s p3 d 2–and rest all has s p3 d -
148
2−¿¿
(a) SbC l 5

P a g e | 109
hybridisation. (d)
2¿ 2¿ 2¿ ¿
161 2 2 2 2
O2=σ 1 s σ 1 s σ 2 s σ 2 s σ 2 p z π 2 p x =π 2 p y π 2 p x ' =π 2 p y '
In O 2 , one electron is removed from Na
Size of anions is larger than their parent
(d) +¿¿

BO for O 2=2 and for O 2 =2.5

atoms. Also more is ENC lesser is size.
+¿¿

Therefore, paramagnetism decreases, BO

increases.
162
(d)
2 2 2 1 172
22 Ti :3 s , 4 s I E 1 3 d , 4 s
Intramolecular H-bonding is present in ¿
→ (b)

nitrophenol.
3 2 3 1
23 V :3 d , 4 s I E1 3 d , 4 s
→

174

According to valence shell electron pair

(c)
5 2 5 1
Mn :3 d , 4 s I E 1 3 d , 4 s
repulsion (VSEPR) theory, the order of
25
→

repulsive interactions between various

164
electron is
C – Cl bond is more ionic than C – I bond
(a)

because of the greater difference in

lp−lp>lp−bp> bp−bp
electronegativities of C and Cl as compared to
175

that of carbon and iodine. Therefore, C – Cl

In like atoms, electronegativity difference is
(b)

bond is stronger than C – I bond.

zero.
165
176

Cl is more electronegative than I.

(c)
BC l 3 has bond angle equal to 120 ° (trigonal
(d)

planar). N H 3 and H 2 O have s p3 hybridisation

166

The solubility of a compound depends upon but due to the presence of lone pair of
(b)

its hydration enthalpy. If hydration enthalpy electrons, they have bond angle less than
exceeds the lattice enthalpy than it is soluble 109.28 ( N H 3 −107 ° , H 2 O−104.5 ° ) , As H 3 ¿hybrid
'

in water. For ¿ has smaller bond angle than N H 3 due to

A g2 S O 4, hydration enthalpy is lower than less electronegativity of As than N.
lattice enthalpy, so it is insoluble in water. 177
167 (d)
E op order is Mg > Fe>Cu; more is E op, more is
❑ ❑

Silicon has the tendency to show covalent

(c)
electropositive character.
bonding because of higher IP values. 178
168
O atom possesses two lone pair of electrons.
(c)
(c)
In SnC l 2 , Sn has s p2 hybridisation and hence,
has angular shape
179
(a)
M.O. configuration of O 2 is:
+¿¿
169

The inert gas just after chlorine is argon.

(c) 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 1
σ 1 s σ 1 s , σ 2 s σ 2 p , π 2 p y π 2 py π 2 px
Bond order of O
1 5
+¿= [ 6 −1 ] = ¿
170 2 2

M.O. configuration of N 2 is:

2

The d -orbital involved in s p3d -hybridization is

(d) +¿ ¿

2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 1
σ 1 s σ 1 s , σ 2 s σ 2 s , π 2 p π 2 py σ 2 py

Bond order of N
d zx . 1 5
+¿= [ 5 −0 ] = ¿
2 2
2
171 180

P a g e | 110
 Mg atom
No scope for addition in completely filled
(c)

valence orbitals of inert gases.

190

Smaller is anion, lesser is its polarization.

(a)
181

Se F 4 has distorted tetrahedral geometry

(b) 191
(b)
while, C H 4 has tetrahedral geometry
Speed of electron ≠ speed of light
182
(c)
Butadiene is C H 2=CH — CH =C H 2.
Boron has planar structure due to
183 2

hybridisation.
sp
37 is atomic number of Rb the electropositive
(b)

element and 53 is atomic number of iodine

192

(the electronegative element).

According to MOT.
(c)
−¿ ( 16 ) .¿
NO
184

In methane bond angle is 109 ° 28 ' . Methane

(c) 2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 { π py
2

σ 1 s ,σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 px ,
2
π 2 pz ,

molecule is tetrahedral in structure.

{
Bond order =
¿
π
2 p1y
¿
π
2 pz1 ,

185 bonding electrons−antibonding electrons

Cs is metal and solid.

(b) 2
10−6
186
¿ =2
2

Glycerol has strong hydrogen bonding due to

(d) NO
+¿ ( 14 ) .¿

presence of 3 – OH groups in it. It is correct

statement.
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿
σ 1 s ,σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 px ,
2 2
{ π 2 p2y
2
π 2 pz ,

Bond order = ¿
10−4
Alkyl halides have lower boiling point than
=3
2
alcohols because alcohols have stronger
forces of attraction between the hydrogen
N O (15 )

bonds as compared to weaker van der Waals’ {

2
π2py

forces between molecules of alkyl halide.

2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2
σ 1 s ,σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 px ,
2
π 2 pz ,

{
¿
π
2p 1
y
¿
2p 0

Bond order = ¿
π z

∴ Statement (d) is false.

10−5
=2.5
2
(iv) N O2+¿ (13 ) .¿
187
(a)
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿
σ 1 s ,σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 px ,
2 2
{ π 2 p2y
2
π 2 pz ,

Ionic radii¿ Bond order = ¿

2
n a0 9−4
=2.5
Z eff 2
188 N O2−¿ (17 )¿

Only those atomic orbitals combine, that have

(c)
{
2
π2py
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2
σ 1s , 1s ,σ 2s , 2 s ,σ 2 p ,
nearly equal energy
2
π 2 pz ,
σ
{ σ x ¿
π
2 p2y
¿
2 p1z

Bond order = ¿
π

10−7
189 =1.5
The order of bond order is
2
The stability of the ionic bond depends upon
(b)

the lattice energy which is expected to be

2+¿ ≈NO< ¿ ¿

2−¿< N O
−¿< N O ¿
¿ +¿¿
NO NO
more between Mg and F due to +2 charge on 193
(d)
P a g e | 111
Cl is more electronegative than Br . Element
194
(c)
Boron in [ B F 4 ] has regular tetrahedral
−¿¿

geometry because of s p3-hybridization on Valency

boron atom. Formula of the compound = A2 B 3
195 201

Usually symmetrical molecules have less A reason for the given fact.
(d) (c)

dipole moment in comparison to 202

unsymmetrical molecules. (c)
In N H 3 , s p -hybridization is present but bond
3

angle is 106 ° 45 ' because nitrogen has lone

pair of electrons, according to VSEPR theory
due to bp - and lp repulsion, bond angle
decreases from 109 ° 28 ' to106 ° 45 '
Hence, (m-nitroaniline) has the 203
highest dipole moment among the given. (b)
196 ClO4 and Xe O3 both contain 3 d π − p π bonds
−¿ ¿

Thus, excitation of 2 s-electron in N is not

(a)

possible.
197
(b)
P F5 has s p3 d hybridization (trigonal
bipyramid); Br F 5 has s p3 d 2 hybridization
(square pyramidal)
204
(c)

Spe Structure bp VS Bond

198

cies EP angle
(d) lp
In N H 3 s p hybridisation is present but its
R
3

shape becomes pyramidal due to the 2 2

presence of one lone pair of electron. 1 3
lp−lp 90 °

0 3
H2 S lp−bp 107 °

0 4
bp−bp 120 °
109 ° 28 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
N H3 lp−bp
199 bp−bp

Higher the lattice energy lower the solubility.

(d)
bp−bp
Out of the four combinations possible, the
B F3

lattice energy of MgS (bi-bivalent ionic solid) Si H 4 bp−bp

is higher than those of N a2 S , MgC l 2 (uni-
bivalent or biuni-valent ionic solids ) and
NaCl (uni-univalent ionic solids) and hence,
MgS is the least soluble.

Thus, bond angle H 2 S < N H 3< Si H 4 < B F 3.

200

A three electrons in its outermost orbit, its

(b)

valency is 3. B has six electrons in its

205

The pyramidal structure of covalent molecule

(d)
outermost orbit, its valency is 2

P a g e | 112
A B3 is as :

214
No. of lone pair = 1
These are characteristics of resonance.
(d)
No. of bond pair =3
215
207
(c)

d s p -leads to octahedral geometry.

(d)
2 3
O2
2−¿: σ 1 s2 , σ ¿ 1 s2 , σ 2 s2 σ ¿ 2 s2 σ 2 p2
[ ]
π 2 p2y π ¿ 2 p2y
π 2 p2z π¿ 2 p2z
¿

209
B.O. ¿
10−8
A molecule is said to possess a three-fold axis
(a) =1
2
of symmetry if on rotation around this axis
[ ]
1
π 2 py
through an angle of 360/3, ie , 120° ,gives the
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2
B2 : σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s 1

same arrangement of atoms. Since N H 3 has a

π 2 pz

pyramidal geometry, therefore, it has a three B.O. ¿

6−4
=1
fold axis of symmetry
2
216
210
In the formation of Xe F 6 molecule, three 5 p
(c)

Proton number does not change in ion

(a)
electrons are promoted to 5d orbitals. Now,
formation, though number of electrons and one 5s, three 5p and three 5d-orbitals of Xe
size change during this. atom intermix together and form seven s p3 d 3
hybrid orbitals. One s p3 d 3 hybrid orbital
211

contains one lone pair of electrons while

Valence bond theory (Resonance theory) of
(d)

other six are half-filled. The expected

metallic bond was given by Pauling (1937).
geometry is pentagonal bipyramidal.
According to this theory, the metallic bonding
is essentially covalent in origin and metallic
structure exhibits resonance of electro-pair
bonds between each atom and its nearest
neighbours. In other words, there is a
resonance of a large number of canonical
forms.
212
(c)
Notice configuration of N +¿ ,C .
+¿ ¿
+¿ ∧F ¿
+ ¿,O ¿
¿

213
(b)
Cl F 3 has s p3 d hybridisation. Out of five s p3 d
217

hybrid orbitals two are completely filled by lp

(a)

and three are half filled which overlap with

2−¿¿
2+¿+C 2 ¿
CaC 2 ⇌ C a
Carbide ion
three 2 p z half filled orbitals of three F-atoms. In carbide ion, two carbon atoms are joined
Due to the presence of two lps its geometry is by triple bond
bent T -shaped. (If is isoelectronic with N 2)

−C ≡ C−¿

P a g e | 113
with two π and one σ -bonds. H-bonding is noticed in molecules having H
218 atom attached on N, O or F.
(b)
H 2 O has s p3-hybridization.
225

F is more electronegative.
(d)
219
(c) 226
e . g . , B F 3, a non-polar molecule having s p2-
s-orbitals always lead head on overlapping.
(a)
hybridization.
220 228

According to molecular orbital theory , π -

(a)
When there is less difference in
(b)

electronegativities of two atoms (but bonding orbital are ungerade.

electronegativities are not same) and large 229
difference in their size, polar covalent bond (c)
forms. Basic character of hydrides is N H 3 > P H 3.
H and Br : Small difference in 230
electronegativities and large difference in
C O2 has sp-hybridization.
(b)
size. Hence, form polar covalent bond.
Na and Br : large difference in 231
electronegativities, hence electrovalent bond
Bond angles decrease on moving down the
(a)
is formed.
group for similar compounds, i .e .,
N H 3 > P H 3> As H 3 > Sb H 3.
221
(b)
The bond order for O 2 are 1.0, 1.5,
+ ¿¿
−¿,O 2 ,O2 ¿
2−¿, O2 ¿
232
2.0, 2.5 respectively. Higher is bond order,
Ionic compounds break into their constituent
(a)
more is bond energy.
ions when dissolved in water.
Carnallite is double salt having composition,
222

It gives ions
(c)
In Xe F 4 , the central atom, Xe, has eight
2+¿ ¿

KCl . MgC l 2 .6 H 2 O .
−¿∧M g ¿
+¿ ,C l ¿

when dissolved in water.

K
electrons in its outermost shell. Out of these
four are used for forming four σ -bonds with F 234
and four remain as lone pairs.
An increase in s-character give rise to an
(d)

increase in bond strength.

∴ XeF 4 ⟹ 4 σ bonds +2 lone pairs
⟹ 6 bybridised orbitals , i. e ., sp d hybridisation
3 2

Since, two lone pairs of electrons are present,

235

the geometry of Xe F 4 becomes square planar

In rest all dipole-dipole forces also exist.
(a)

from octahedral. 236

Among the isoelectronic species smaller is

(c)

+ve charge, larger is ionic radius, e .g.,

Ionic radius : N a+¿> M g
3+¿ ¿
2+ ¿> Al ¿
¿

223 237

1, 4-dihydroxy benzene shows the highest

(b) (c)

Bond order ¿ [no. of bonding electrons −¿ boiling point among given compounds
1

no. of antibonding electrons] because it forms strong intermolecular

2

hydrogen bonds (It does not form

intermolecular H-bonding.)
224
(c)

P a g e | 114
 So, both are isostructural species.
244

In o -dichlorobenzene, α¿ 60
(c)

Order of H-bonding in o , m and p-isomers of a

cos α=+ ve

compound is given below

μ= √ μ21 + μ22 +2 μ1 μ 2 cos α

Intermolecular H-bonding, o <m< p -isomers

245

intermolecular H-bonding
Multiplicity of bonds gives higher bond
(c)

o >m> p isomers.
energy.
Hydroxy benzene do not form a chain of H-
bonding . Hence, intermolecular H-bond is
246

stronger than intermolecular H-bonds, so the

Bond order of oxygen molecule = 2
(d)

stability of 1, 4-dihydroxy benzene is highest.

Bond order of oxygen molecule ion = 2.5
Hence its boiling point is highest. The
Bond order of superoxide ion (O 2 = 1.5
increasing order of the boiling points of the
−¿ ¿

given compound is Bond order of peroxide ion (O 2 =1

2−¿¿

IV < I < I I < III Hence, the order of bond strength is as

2−¿ ¿
−¿> O2 ¿
+¿>O2> O2 ¿
238 O2

Molecules in trans-1, 2-dichloroethene are

(d) 247

symmetrical hence, no dipole moment. Electronic configuration of Xe in ground state

(c)

239

s p d -hybridization leads to octahedral

(b)
Electronic configuration of Xe in excited state
3 2

geometry.
240
(c) Electronic configuration of Xe in Xe F 4
In B F 3,boron is s p2 hybridised, so its all
atoms are coplanar
241

Note The expected geometry of Xe F 4 is

(c)
Since, the geometry of As F 5 molecule is
octahedral. On account of the fact that lp-lp
trigonal bipyramidal, it is s p3 d hybridised.
repulsion > lp-bp repulsion, there is some
Thus, s, p x , p y , p z and d z orbitals are utilised by distortion octahedral geometry with two lone
As atom from bonding. pair of electrons. In other words, it has a
2

242 square planar geometry.

(c)
Molecular orbital configuration of N 2 is
248
+¿ ¿
(b)
1
2 ¿ 2 2 2
+¿= ( σ 1 s) ( 1 s) ( σ 2 s ) ( ¿σ 2 s ) (π 2 py )2= ( π 2 pz )2 ( σ 2 px )1 ¿
N2 σ 2
L i2 : KK ( σ 2 s ) , BO= ( 2−0 )=1
Bond order ¿
2
Hence, structure of L i2 is [Li – Li].
N b−¿ N 9−4
a
= =2.5 ¿
2 2
250
243

More directionally concentrated orbitals show

(b)
(a)
Structure of C 2 H 2 is linear.
more overlapping.
H−C ≡C−H
Structure of C O2 is also linear
251
(d)
O=C=O It is the hybridization of IC l 2 .
+¿ ¿

P a g e | 115
 Larger is the difference in electronegativities
252 (c)

o−, m−, p-derivatives has ⍺ ¿ 60 , 120 and 180 of two atom, more is polar character in bond.
(b)

and thus, resultant vector has zero dipole

moment in p-derivative. Also dipole moment
261

The molecules having no difference in

(a)
of m -dichlorobenzene is more than toluene.
electronegativity of bonded atoms are non-
polar in nature. They are molecules having
253

Covalent character α charge of cation same atoms.

(a)

254 ∴ Among HCl, HF, HBr and H 2 . H 2 is non-

polar molecule.
Carbon cannot accept 6 C l , since it has no
(c)
−¿ ¿

vacant d -orbitals.
262
(b)
255 In S O 2 molecule, S is s p2-hybridised.

C s is largest cation and F is smallest

(b) 2 2 6 2
S ( 16 )=1 s , 2 s , 2 p , 3 s ,3 p
4
+¿ ¿ −¿¿

anion.
256
(b)
Charge of e−¿=1.6 ×10 ¿
−19

Dipole moment of HBr = 1.6 ×10−30

Inter-atomic spacing = 1 Å
−10

Percentage of ionic character in HBr

¿ 1 ×10 m

Dipolemoment of HBr ×100 263

¿
The size of isoelectronic species increases
inter spacing distance ×q (b)

−30 with decrease in effective nuclear charge.

1.6 ×10
¿ −19 −10
× 100 264
1.6 ×10 ×10 (d)
Bond order for H e 2 is zero.
−30 29
¿ 10 ×10 ×100
−1
¿ 10 ×100 265
¿ 0.1 ×100
CsF is ionic compound.
(b)
¿ 10 %
257 266

Lower IE , more EA and high lattice energy

(b)
Isoelectronic species have same number of
(a)

are required conditions for ionic bonding. electrons

258 267

Ionisation potential increases along the

(d) (d)
Ionic character¿ 16 ( E A −E B ) +3.5 ( E A −E B )
period.
2

2
259 ¿ 16 ( 4−1.2 ) +3.5 ( 4−1.2 )
¿ 72.24 %
More is s-character, smaller is hybridized
(b)
268
orbital, more becomes tendency for
During the formation of chemical bond
(d)
overlapping, more is bond energy, lesser is
bond length. energy decreases
260 269

P a g e | 116
 charges on two ends. HCl shows polar
covalent bond.
(b)
.
4 −¿¿
+¿+Fe ( CN ) 6 ¿
K 4 Fe ( CN )6 ⟶ 4 K
270 272
(b)
Rest all either has incomplete (B F 3 , Be F 2)
(c)
1. C F 4 , S F 4
octer or expanded octet (Cl O2 ).
274

CO, C N and N O all the three species

(d)
−¿¿ +¿¿

have 14 electrons.
According to MOT
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2
σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 p x (π 2 p y =π 2 p z )

∴ Both have different structure. Bond order ¿

10−4
=3
2
2. B F 3 , PC l 3 Similarly bond order for O 2
+¿=2.5 ¿

275

Xe F 2 molecule contains two bond pairs and

(a)

three lone pairs in the outer-shell of central

atom and thus its hybridisation is s p3 d 2 but to
minimise the repulsive forces the three lone
pairs occupy the equatorial position and the
molecule becomes linear shape.
∴ Both have different structure.

3. Xe F 2 ,C O 2

∴ Both have different structure. 276

4. P F5 , I F7
Species having the same number of electron,
(c)

have same bond order.

Species Number of
∵ Both have linear structure. electrons
6+7+1=14
8+8+1=17
−¿¿

∴ They have same structure.

CN

7+8-1=14
−¿ ¿
O2

6+7-1=12
+¿¿
NO
−¿¿
CN
271
Since, C N and NO have same number of
Covalent union between two unlike atoms
(d) −¿¿ +¿¿

electrons, they have same bond order, i .e ., 3.

gives rise to the formation of a polar covalent or = 14=
bond in which shared pair of electron shifted
−¿¿ +¿¿
CN NO

towards more electronegative atom. This

2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2
σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 p z , π 2 px ≈ π 2 p y ,

gives rise to equal but opposite partial

P a g e | 117
 electron.
Bond order =
N b−¿ N a
¿ 285
2

e; IE of Na=+ ve
10−4 (a)
¿ =3. Na⟶ N a
+ ¿+¿ ¿

- ve
2 + ¿=¿¿
+¿+e ⟶ Na ;EA of N a ¿

Both are equal but opposite in nature.

Na
277
(c) 286
(c)
(a) C H 4 ⟶ C H 3 −C H 3
4bp + 0lp 4bp 4bp
In water molecule the H−O−H bond angle is Hybridisation s p
104.5 ° and dipole moment is 1.84 D.
3 3 3

Structure tetrahedral tetrahedral

sp sp

The bond angle of H 2 O is lower than 109.28 ' ' (b) N H 3 ⟶ NH 4

due to the presence of two lone pair of
+¿¿

3bp + 1lp 4bp

electrons on the oxygen atom.
Hybridisation s p 3 3

Structure pyramidal tetrahedral

sp
278

(c) B F 3 ⟶ BF 4
Follow text.
(d) −¿¿

3bp 4bp
Hybridisation s p
279
2 3

Structure trigonal tetrahedral

sp
R C H 2 NHC H 3 shows the hydrogen bonding,
(a)

since H is attached to N atom. planar

(d) H 2 O⟶ H 3 O
+ ¿¿

2bp + 2lp 3bp + 1lp

280

Cl atom has 17 electrons, C l −¿ ¿ ion has 18 Hybridisation s p

(c)
3 3

electrons. Structure angular pyramidal

sp

Thus conversion of B F 3 into BF 4 involves

−¿ ¿
281
change in both hybridisation and shape.
High boiling point. of water is due to dipole-
(a)

dipole interaction.
287
(a)
282 In O 2 molecule, the total number of electrons
= 16
Ionisation enthalpy increases along the period
(d)
Electronic distribution in molecular orbital of
and decreases down the group.
O2=¿ σ 1 s 2 , ¿σ 1 s2 , σ 2 s 2 , ¿σ 2 s2 , σ 2 p2x ( π 2 p 2y , π 2 p 2z )
283
¿ 1 ¿ 1
(b) ,( ¿π 2 p y , π 2 pz )¿
The jump in IP values exist in I P5 and thus,
Bond order in O 2 ¿
1
removal of fifth electron occurs from inner
¿
2
shell. Thus, element contains four electrons in In O 2 =σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 p x
+¿¿ 2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2

its valency shell. ( π 2 p 2y =π 2 p2z ) , (¿¿π 2 p1y )¿

Bond order in O 2
284
+¿¿ N b−¿ N 10−5
Paramagnetic species has unpaired electron.
(a) ¿ a
= =2.5 ¿
2 2
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 1 1 288
B2=5+5=10 σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , π 2 p x =π 2 p y
Percentage ionic character
(a)
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2
C 2=6+6=12=σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , π 2 p x =π 2 p y
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2, 2 2 2
N 2=7 +7=14=σ 1 s , σ 1 s σ 2 s , σ 2 s π 2 p x =π 2 p y ,σ 2 p z
F 2=9+9=18=σ 1 s σ 1 s , σ 2 s σ 2 s ,σ 2 p z , π 2 p x =π ¿2 experimental
p y , π 2 p x =π 2 value
p y of DM × 100
2, ¿ 2 2, ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 2

∴ B2 is paramagnetic because it has unpaired

theoretical value of DM

P a g e | 118
 1.03 π bond is formed by sideways overlapping of
unhybridised p-orbital.
¿ ×100=17 %
6.12
289

Electron affinity decreases down the group,

(b)

but ‘O’ has small atomic size and 2 p-orbital

becomes very compact and already has 6
electrons, hence, there is a repulsive force
among the already present and added
electrons. Some of the energy evolved, due to
addition of electron, is used to reduce the
repulsion. Hence, the E.A. of O is less than S,
so the order is S>O> Se . Each carbon has 3σ and 1 π -bond.

∴ All carbon atoms of C 6 H 6 are s p2

290

A π -bond has a nodal plane passing through hybridised.

(a)

the two bonded nuclei, i .e . , molecular plane.

296
(d)
Nearer to 25%, the angle is 10928′ for s p3-
hybridization.
291 297
(c)
Electronegativity of elements increases along .
(c) −¿¿
+¿+ H F 2 ¿

the period and decreases down the group.

KH F 2 ⟶ K
298
292
Intramolecular H —bonding in salicyl
(c)
(b)
In C O2, C-atom is sp-hybridised, thus it has aldehyde prevents its test with FeC l 3 (aq).
linear structure. In Xe F 2, Xe is s p3 d
hybridised with three lone-pairs of electrons
299

on equatorial position. This minimises Stronger is metallic bonding (Fe has d -

(c)

repulsion, hence it has also linear structure. subshell), more is hardness.

293 300

Compound Bond angle

(b) (d)
Structure of C O2 is linear due to sp-
hybridisation. N H 3 107 °
(sp) PC l 3 93°
O=C=O BCl3 120°
294 301

Higher the bond order short the bond length In propyne there are 2 π−bonds and six sigma
(a) (d)

O2 has the shortest the bond length (BO=3) bonds.

2+¿ ¿

Bond order of remaining species are : CH 3 C ≡CH

andO 2
−¿ ( 1.5) ¿
( 2.5) , O 2−¿(1 )¿
O+¿
2
2 ¿
302

Like atoms results in covalent bonding

295 (a)

The first bond between any two atoms is σ leading to the formation of non-polar bond,
(b)

and rest are π bonds. e . g . , H — H or H 2.

303

P a g e | 119
 hybridised. They have angular shape due to
O the presence of two lone pair of electron. The
(c)

O bond angle decreases with decrease in

¿∨¿ electronegativity therefore H 2 Te shows
¿∨¿ minimum bond angle.
C H 3 −C−OH 308
C H 3 −C−NH 2 (d)

Lattice energy ∝ charge of ions∝

2
sp 1
sp
2 ¿ ions
309
O (b)
have 3 electrons, one must be
−¿¿
+ ¿, H 2 ¿
H H e2
¿∨¿ unpaired. H +¿¿ has one unpaired electron. H 2
has two (paired) electrons.
2
¿
C H 3 −C−OH 310
C H 3 −C−CH 2 (c)
¿ Among the given, only C H 3 OH and
C H 3 N H 2 are able to form H-bonds but H-
2
sp
bonding in due to high
H
C H 3 OH
electronegativity of O-atom is strong. Hence,
2
sp
C H 3 OH has the highest boiling point.
311
(a)
304
(d)

all carbon atoms are In N F3 N-atoms is s p3-hybride, but due to

s p hybridised chloroethene presence of a lone pair of electron, N F3 has
2

C H 2=CH −CH =C H 2 pyramidal structure.

2 2 2 2
sp sp sp sp 312

The boiling point of ethanol is highest among

C H 2=CH −CH =CH −CH =C H 2 (d)

these due to the presence of hydrogen

2 2 2 2 2 2

1, 3, 5-hexatriene
sp sp sp sp sp sp

305 bonding.
313
If the lattice energy < hydration energy, then (b)
(d)

only ionic compounds are soluble. has [ C ≡C ] structure.

2−¿¿ 2−¿¿
C2
306 314

BC l 3 has equilateral triangular shape leading A compound having maximum electronegative

(c) (a)

to vector sum of polar bonds to zero. element will form strong hydrogen bond
307 315
(c)
The bond angle in C H 3 OC H 3 is 110 inspite of
(d)
Hybride : H 2 O H 2 S H 2 Se H 2 Te
Bond angle : 104 ° 92 ° 91 ° 90 ° s p -hybridization of O and two lone pair due
3

In all of the given species central atom is s p3 to stearic hindrance.

P a g e | 120
316 and BC l 3 have
2−¿, PC l 5 ¿
N H 3 , [ PtC l 4 ]
s p , ds p s p d and s p hybridization
Multiplicity in bonding give rise to an
(b) 3 2 3 2

respectively. Note that hybridization of P in

increase in bond energy.
PC l 5 is wrongly reported in problem.
317
(a) 323
Carbon in H 2 C O3 has s p2-hybridization and
The bond formation process is exothermic
(b)

also polar. B F 3 has s p2 but non-polar. Sl F 4

and thus resultant acquires lower energy
has s p3-hybridization. HCl O2has s p3-
level.
hybridisation. 324
318 (b)
Due to H-bonding in N H 3.
The removal of second electron from Mg
(b)

takes place from 3 s-orbital whereas, the

325

removal of second electron from Na takes

(a)
Lewis structure of N 2 molecule is
place from 2 p-orbital. More closer are shells
to the nucleus, difficult is removal of electron.
319

Bond angle depends on the structure of

(b)

molecule. If two molecules have same (b)

326

structure, then bond angle is decided by the

The resonating structure of Cl O4 are as
electronegativity of central atom.
−¿¿

Electrongeativity of central atom ∝ bond

angle.
The bond angle of H 2 S is less than H 2 O
because S is less electronegative than H 2 O.
⇒Bond order
Hence, H 2 O> H 2 S
Total number of bonds between Cl∧O
¿
Total number of resonating structure
( 104.5 ° ) (92.2 °)
Further the BeC l 2 has linear structure, hence ¿ 4 =1.75
7

its bond angle is 180 ° . The N 2 O molecule also 327

has linear structure with bond angle 180 ° .
Bond energy increases with increase in bond
(a)

order.
328

Ionisation potential increases along the

(d)

320 period.

S has 6 electrons in its the valence shell and (b)

(a) 329

it shares 6 electrons with 6 fluorine atoms. CsCl is most ionic because of most
∴ In S F6 , S has 12 electrons in its valence electropositive nature of Cs.
shell 330
(d)
−¿ ¿
O2 <O2
Bond order
C 2=2
322
2−¿=3 ¿
(b) C2

P a g e | 121
B2=2 340

Bond length decreases with increase in s-

+¿=1.5 ¿
B2 (d)

character.
L i2=1
+¿=0.5 ¿
Li 2 341
N 2=3
Isoelectronic species have same number of
(b)
+¿=2.5 ¿
N2
electrons, N O+¿, C . All have 14 electrons.
−¿ ∧N ¿
2
¿
O2=2
2−¿ ,CN
2
¿

−¿=1.5 ¿
O2 342

s p d hybridised molecule have octahedral

331 (d)
3 2

geometry.
(d)
The molecular configuration of O 2 is as
−¿ ¿

2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 343 2
σ 1 s ,σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 pz , π 2 py ≈ π 2 pz , π 2 px ≈ π 2 p y
R —O — H … H —O — H
(b)
Bond order =
N b−¿ N
a
¿
2 344
10−8 (a)
The shape of Cl F 3 is distorted T-shape due to
¿
2
the presence of two lone pair of electrons.
∴ Bond order=1
332

It is an ionic compound. The most ionic

(b)

compound is CsF .
333

C O2 is linear molecule.
(c) 345

These are facts.

(b)
334
(b)
M.O. configuration of N 2 is:
346
(c)
has s p2 hybridisation. Its expected
−¿¿
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 NO 2
geometry is trigonal planar but actual
σ 1 s σ 1 s , σ 2 s σ 2 s , π 2 p y , π 2 pz , σ 2 px
M.O. configuration of N 2 is:
geometry is V-shape due to presence of lone
+¿ ¿

pair of electrons.
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 1
σ 1 s σ 1 s , σ 2 s σ 2 s , π 2 p y , π 2 pz , σ 2 px
335
347
(d)
In NH 4 ion, N is s p3 hybridised therefore,
C s is biggest ion among these. F is
+¿¿ (d)

bond angle in NH 4 (tetrahedral shape) is smallest.

+¿ ¿ −¿¿
+¿¿

109 ° 28 ' . 348

336
Formation of solid lattice from oppositely
(d)

The definition of bond order.

(a)
charged ionized gaseous atoms give rise to
338 evolution of lattice energy.

The intermolecular forces increase with

(b) 349

increases in mol. wt.

(b)
We know that A l 3+¿ ¿cation is smaller than
339 (because of greater nuclear charge).
+¿ ¿

According to Fajan’s rule, small cation

Na
(b)
Bond angles of Be F 2 , H 2 O , N H 3 and C H 4 are polarise anion upto greater extent. Hence,
180, 10431′, 10650′, 10928′ respectively. Al
3+¿ ¿
polarise C l
−¿ ¿
ions upto greater extent,

P a g e | 122
therefore, AlC l 3 has covalent bond between Al (c)
and Cl atoms. C — F bond is more polar than C — Cl.
350 359

Ionic compounds conduct current only in

(a) (d)

fused state.

Due to resonance, in O 3,the O−O bond length (b)

360

will be in between O=O and O−O I P1 of B> I P1of Li ENC of boron is more than
352 Li. Also I P1 of Li> I P1 of K because removal of
electron in K occurs from 4 s .
(b)
Bond order for O 2=2 and for O 2
+¿=2.5 ¿

Both are paramagnetic ¿ ¿has 2 unpaired

361

electron, O 2 has one unpaired electron). It is a fact.

(c)
+¿¿

354 363

O has two lone pair of electrons.

(c) (d)
2−¿¿
[ O−O ]
355 364
(a)
In S F 4 , S has s p3 d -hybridisation. Thus, it
(b)
For s p2hybridization, bond angle is 120 °
In s p2hybridization, contains two axial and two equatorial bonds
to give see-saw structure.
s character ¿ ×100=33 %
1
3
356
(d)
Cl F 3 has s p3 d -hybridization with two lone
pair of electron on Cl . 365
357
F 3 Cl has 10 electrons on Cl atom. A
(a)
(a)
O2=8+ 8=16 superoctet molecule means for expanded
octet on an atom.
=
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 1 ¿
366 1
σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 p z ,(π 2 p x =π 2 p y ),(¿ π 2 p x =(c)
p 2 p y )¿

∵ It has 2 unpaired electrons. S2 molecule is paramagnetic like O 2 having 2

∴ It is paramagnetic. unpaired electrons.
−¿=6 +7+1=14 ¿
CN 368

=σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 p z ,(π 2 p x =π 2 p y ) π -bonding occurs only after σ -bond is formed.

2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2
(a)

∴ No unpaired electron and no paramagnetic. 369

CO=6+ 8=14 (d)
N H 4 and S O2−¿¿ both show s p3 hybridisation
=σ 1 s , 1 s , σ 2 s , 2 s , σ 2 p ,(π 2 p =π 2 p )
+¿¿

and tetrahedral geometry

2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 4

∴ No unpaired electron and no paramagnetic.

σ σ z x y

+¿=7 +8−1=14¿
370
NO
Dipole moment is a vector quantity. The
(c)

=σ 1 s
dipole moment of symmetrical molecule is
2¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2
1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 p z ,(π 2 p x =π 2 p y )
No unpaired electron and not
σ

zero. Only the molecule which has distorted

∴
paramagnetic.
shape has dipole moment.
358

P a g e | 123
 (a)
Bond angle for sp , s p2 ∧s p 3-orbitals are 180,
120 and 10928′ respectively.
378
(d)
In Br F 3 molecule, Br is s p3 d hybrid, but
geometry is T-shaped due to distortion of
geometry from trigonal-bipyramidal to T-
shaped by the involvement of lone pair-lone
∵ C O2 ,p -dichlorobenzene and C H 4 have pair repulsion.
regular symmetrical shape. Here
∴ They don’t have dipole moment. lp−lp repulsion = 0
lp−b p repulsion = 4
bp−bp repulsion = 2

N H 3 has distorted structure due to presence

of lone pair of electron.
∴ It has dipole moment. 379

As the distance between the atoms, increases,

371 (b)

According to Fajan’s rule smaller anion is bond polarity increases

(c)

polarised to lesser extent than the larger 380

anion. (d)
∴ compound having smaller anion has more E A1 for elements is exothermic and E A2 is
ionic character. endothermic. Also E A2 for O> E A1for O.
∴ Higher melting
Since, the size of F ion is smallest, it is (a)
381
−¿¿

polarised.
∴ AgF will have highest ionic character and ∴ Total antibonding electrons = 7
2 ¿ 2, 2 ¿ 2, 2, 2 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 1
−¿=8+8 +1=σ 1 s , 1 s σ 2 s , 2 s σ 2 p π 2 p =π 2 p , 2 p = 2 p ¿
O2 σ σ z x y π x π y

hence highest melting point.

¿ Ionic compounds have greater melting point
O2=8+ 8=16

than covalent compound) 2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2, 2 2 2 1 ¿ 1

¿ σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s σ 2 pz , π 2 p x =π 2 p y , π 2 p x =π 2 p y
∴ Total antibonding electrons = 6
372

Number of hybrid orbitals for neutral atom =

(a)
2−¿=8 +8+2=18 ¿
O2

[Number of valence electron in central ¿ σ 1 s σ 1 s σ 2 s σ 2 s σ 2 p z , π 2 p x =π 2 p y , π 2 p x =π 2 p y

1 2, ¿ 2, 2, ¿ 2, 2 2 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 2

∴ Total antibonding electrons = 8

atom + Number of monovalent atom]
2
382
Number of hybrid orbital ¿
5+5 (d)
In N H 3, N undergoes s p3 hybridisation. Due
=5
5
Hence, hybridisation is s p3 d . to the presence of one lone-pair, it is
374 pyramidal in shape.

The size of isoelectronic decreases with

(a)

increase in atomic number.

375

P a g e | 124
 The stability of carbonates increases with
increasing electropositive character of metal.
391

Larger is the size of atom, lesser is the

(c)

tendency for overlapping, lesser is bond

energy.
383 392

Hg exists in liquid state.

(d)
The polarising ability is characteristic of
(a)

384 cation, smaller the size of cation with large

magnitude of positive charge, more will be its
According to valence bond theory,
(b)
polarising ability.
overlapping orbitals must possess half-filled (∵ It can cause large distortions in anion
nature as well as antispin electron. cloud.)
385 393

Non-polar or pure covalent bond has zero per Cl O

(a)

2 has 33 electrons, i. e ., one unpaired.

(a)

cent ionic character due to the absence of

partial charges on either end.
394

Larger anion is polarized more (Fajans’ rule).

(c)
386

The dipole moment of two dipoles inclines at

(a)
395

an angle θ is given by the equation

The molecules having distorted geometry
(c)

π= √ x 2+ y 2+ 2 xy cos θ , cos 90=0 ,since, the angle have dipole moment and those having regular
increases from 90−180, the value of cos θ geometry have zero dipole moment.
becomes more and more −ve and hence ∵ NH 3 , CH 3 Cl∧ClO2 have distorted geometry.
resultant decreases. Thus, dipole moment is ∴ They have dipole moment.
maximum, when, θ=90 °
∵ B F 3 has regular triangular planar
geometry.
387

2 The dipole moment of

B F 3 is zero.
(a)
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2
CO ( 14 )=σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , π 2 p y =π 2 p z , σ 2 p x
396
BO =
N b−¿ N 10−4
When hydrogen forms hydrogen bonding with
a
= =3 ¿ (c)
2 2
N O−¿ ( 16)=σ 1 s , 1 s , σ 2 s , 2 s , σ 2 p ,(π 2 p =π 2 p )¿, fluorine it will be strongest H-bonding
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2

because fluorine is strongest electronegative

σ σ x y z

element.
¿ 1 ¿ 1
π 2 p y =π 2 p z

BO =
10−6
=2 397
2
N O+¿ (13 ); ¿BO¿ 3
Trans 2-pentene has dipole moment.
(b)

CN
−¿ ( 14 ) ;¿
BO¿ 3
N 2 ( 14 ) ; BO=3
Hence, bond order of N O is different from
−¿¿

that of CO. Because +I effect of ethyl group is more than

388 that of C H 3 group, hence the two dipoles do
not cancel each other.
(a)
S atom in S F6 is s p3 d 2-hybridized state and
shows octahedral shape.
398
(d)
389 N H 2 has s p3-hybridization having two
−¿¿

(b)
P a g e | 125
covalent bonds and two lone pair of N atom. 407

Diamond has a three-dimensional structure in

399 (b)

The solubility of a compound mainly depend which a large number of carbon atoms are
(d)

upon its hydration energy. If the hydration arranged tetrahedrally by covalent bonds. It
energy of a compound is greater than from its is an allotropic form of carbon.
lattice enthalpy, then its is soluble in water.
Thus, for solubility
408

Hydration enthalpy ¿ The ionisation potential decreases down the

(b)

lattice enthalpy group.

For compounds P and R hydration enthalpy 409
exceeds the lattice enthalpy, so they are
Be H 2 molecule is linear because it has sp-
(b)
soluble in water.
400 hybridisation. It has bond angle180 ° .

It is a fact derived from bond order.

(a)

401
410
I has maximum covalent bond and negative
(b)
(b)
charge on electronegative nitrogen, most B e2 (σ 1 s , σ 1 s ,σ 2 s , σ 2 s ) has bond order
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2

stable. III has more covalent bond than both equal to zero.
II and IV, III is second most stable. Between
II and IV, II is more stable since it has
411

negative charge on nitrogen while IV has

(c)

negative charge carbon.

402

Hybrid orbitals never form π -bond.

(b)

404
(c)
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 1 ¿ 1
O2 (16 )=σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 p z , π 2 p x ≈ π 2 p y , π 2 px ≈ π 2 p y

BO ¿
10−6
=2
2
15 σ ∧3 π - bonds are present in toluene.
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 2
( 18 ) =σ 1 s , 1 s , σ 2 s , 2 s ,σ 2 p ,π 2 p ≈ π 2 p , 2 p ≈ 2 p ¿
O 2−¿
2
σ σ z x y π x π y

BO ¿
10−8 412
=1
2 (b)
In H 2 O, H -atom contains only two electrons.
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2
N 2 ( 14 )=σ 1 s , σ 1 s ,σ 2 s , σ 2 s , π 2 p x ≈ π 2 p y , σ 2 p z

BO ¿
10−4 413
=3
2
Thus, bond order is highest for N 2.
(c)
Both HgC l 2 and C 2 H 2 are linear like C O2
405 because of sp-hybridization.
(d)
Molecular shapes of S F 4 ,C F 4 , Xe F 4 are (d)
414

different with 1, 0 and 2 lone pair or Follow concept of bond order in M.O. theory.
electrons respectively. 415
406 (d)
HC ≡C−HC =CH −C H 3 10 σ ,3 π
The correct sequence of hybridisation of 416
(c)

methane, ethene and ethyne is s p3 , s p2∧sp . (b)

P a g e | 126
CC l 2=CC l 2 has s p3-hybridization. CC l 4 has s p3 Due to large electronegativity difference in C
-hybridization. and F atoms.
417 425

Proteins show H-bonding.

(a)
All are non-metals.
(c)

419 426

Bond angles decreases down the group.

(c)
Boiling point of ammonia is much higher than
(c)

phosphine. It is due to extensive hydrogen  H 2 O> H 2 S . Also bond angle of H 2 O< N H 3

bonding found in ammonia. due to lone pair effect.
427
(c)

420

Lower potential energy level imparts stability.

(b)

In the above compound all bonds are σ bond

421
(d)
1 and hence, carbon atom uses only s p3- hybrid
orbitals for bond formation.
Covalent character ∝
¿ cation
∝ ¿ anion
(according to Fajan’s rule) 428
Lower the covalent character, higher will be (b)
ionic character. It is the order of stability.
3−¿¿
429
Cl 2 O , contains O2−¿, NC l contains N ¿
3

E1 for H e+ ¿= E for H × Z ¿ (where Z =at. no. of He).

(b)
2+¿ .¿
¿
, PbC l 2 contains P b 2+¿∧BaCl contains B a
Hence, the order of covalent character is
2 2
1

430
NC l 3> C l 2 O> Pb C l 2 > BaC l2
∴ BaC l 2 has the greatest ionic character. H—bonding order:
(c)

422 ⋯ H−F >⋯ H −O>⋯ H−N

Kernals start vibrating and hence, create

(c) 431

hindrance in the flow of electrons The charge-size ratio increases and thus
(d)

423 polarizing power increases.

(d) 434
Chile salt petre ( NaN O 3 ) , potash alum
O2 has two unpaired electrons.
(c)
(K 2 S O 4 . A l 2 ( S O 4 )3 .24 H 2 O) and green vitriol
( FeS O4 .7 H 2 O ) are ionic compounds. They
435

produce ions in their aqueous solutions, so

These are the factors on which IP depends.
(d)

they are conducting in nature. Ethyl alcohol,

C 2 H 5 OH being covalent in nature, does not
436

produce any ion in aqueous solution. Hence, The hybridised states of N in N O+¿, N O ¿ and
(b)

it is non-conducting in nature.
−¿¿
3

N H 4 are sp , s p2 and s p3 respectively.

2
+¿¿
424
(c) 437

P a g e | 127
Carbon (1) has 2 σ −¿ and 2 μ−¿ bonds.
(b) 446

Carbon (2) has 3σ and 1 π -bond. [C] forms anion readily by gaining one
(c)

438 electron only.

According to Fajan’s rule, as the size of cation

(c) 447

decreases, its polarising power increases. Number of bonds between two atoms is called
(c)

Hence, C u 2+¿¿ polarise C l

−¿ ¿
ions more thanbond order.
+ ¿.¿
Therefore, CuC l 2 has more covalent Resonating structures of benzene are
character and hence, its boiling point is less.
Cu

439

Metals are more electropositive and lose ∴ In benzene, the carbon – carbon bond is
(b)

electrons, while non – metals have tendency

between the double and single bond due to
to gain electron.
the resonance, so its bond order is 1.5.
440
448

Be has smallest size and thus, Be cation

(b)
If difference in electronegativity in between
(a)

possesses more polarizing power. two atoms is 1.7, the molecule possesses 50%
covalent +50% ionic nature.
441

Due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding in ¿- (b)

(b)
449

isomer, it has least melting point. Due to I P

1 of Pb> I P1 of Sn (an exception).
effective intermolecular hydrogen bonding in
para isomer, it has highest melting point
450

among the isomers. So, the order is

Only then it can accept lone pair in that shell.
(c)

Para isomer > meta > ¿

451
( 114 ℃ ) ( 97 ℃ ) (54 ℃)
Count σ -and π -bonds.
(a)
443

Based on geometry of molecule.

(a) 452
(b)
444 The molecular electronic configuration of O 2
is
The structure of these molecules/species are
(b)
O 2= ¿
as follows : 2 ¿ 1 1
¿ ( π 2 p z ) , ( π 2 p y ) = ( π 2 pz ) ¿
453

Cs is more electropositive.
(d)

454
(a)
In Mn O 4 , the oxidation no. of Mn is +7, i .e . ,
−¿ ¿

all the 4 s and 3d electrons are lost.

455

Stability ∝ bond order

(d)

PC l 3 has s p -hybridisation but due to 456

3

presence of a lone-pair, its shape is pyramidal (b)

instead of tetrahedral. Charge of e−¿=1.6 ×10 ¿C
−19

P a g e | 128
Dipole moment of HBr =1.6 ×10−30 C -m −¿=35 electrons ¿
Cl 2
Interionic spacing ¿ 1 Å=1 ×10−10 m
% of ionic character in
+¿=70 electrons ¿
IF 2
−¿=160 electrons ¿
I3
Dipole moment of HBr ×100
HBr = C l 2 O=33 electrons
Interspacing distance ×q −¿=34 electrons ¿
−30 ClO2
1.6 ×10 ×100
¿ −19 −10 ClF 2
+¿=34 electrons ¿

ClO2 and ClF 2 contain 34 electrons each

1.6 ×10 ×10
−¿ ¿ +¿¿

hence they are isoelectronic.

−30 29
¿ 10 ×10 ×100=0.1× 100=10 %
457
468
Due to shielding effect of ¿−1 ¿ d -subshell.
(c)

1, 2-butandiene has the structure.

(a)
459
(d) H H H
P in P O has s p -hybridization like S in ¿ ¿ ¿
3−¿¿ 3

.
4
2−¿¿ H−C−C=C=C−H
S O4 3 2 2
460 ¿ s p s p sp s p
H
The lattice becomes stronger (i.e., the lattice
(d)
469
energy U becomes more negative). As r the
Anions are always larger in size than their
(d)
interionic distance decreases. U is
parent atom. Cations are always smaller in
proportional to size than their parent atom.
1

or
r
470

Sulphade ion ¿ has tetrahedral geometry, as

(d)
1
U∝
in S-atom undergoes s p3 hybridisation.
(r c + r a)
462

Covalent radius are always smaller than

(a)

crystal radius as the former involves

overlapping region.
463
(c)
has the following structure
2−¿¿
C O3

It contains only covalent bonds

464

Molecular orbital configuration of,

(c)
471
(d)
S F 4 has s p3 d -hybridization with one lone pair,
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 1

C +¿=σ 1 s ,σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 p , π 2 p
x y ¿

C F 4 has s p3-hybridization with no lone pair

2
466

and Xe F 4 has s p3 d 2-hybridization with two

Mullikan proposed M.O. theory.
(d)

lone pairs.
467
472
(d)
(a)
C l 2 O=42 electrons
−¿=88electrons ¿
ICl 2

P a g e | 129
 C H4

H = (4+4+0-0)
1
2

Hence, hybridisation= s p3 = =4
8
In N H 3 N-atoms is s p3 hybridised, but due to 2
presence of a lone pair of electron on N-atom. ∴ s p3hybridisation
It is pyramidal in shape.
473 BC l 3

For a compound to be soluble, the hydration

(b)
H = (3+3+0-0)
1
energy must be greater than the lattice 2
energy. Since, NaCl is soluble in water but
insoluble in benzene. = =3
6
2
∆ H hydration >∆ H lattice energy∈ water
¿ ∆ H hydration <∆ H lattice energy∈benzene ∴ s p3hybridisation
474
N H3
Dimerization occurs in carboxylic acids which
(b)

indicates strong H-bonding. H = (5+3+0-0)

1
2
475

= =4
(c) 8
2

∴ s p3hybridisation

Thus, the number of σ and π bonds ∴ (c) is correct answer.

respectively are 7 and 3
479
476

H 2 O shows high b.p. (inspite of lowest mol.

(a)
Solubility order : AgF> AgCl> AgBr> AgI .
(a)

477 wt.) on account of strong H-bonding.

480
Ca I 2 has maximum covalent character due to
(d)

C 2 H 2 is a linear molecule with sp-

(d)
large size of anion and possesses lowest
hybridization.
lattice energy. Thus melting point is lowest.
478 481

K O2 is an ionic compound.
(c) (b)

Hybridisation= [ no. of electron in valence 482

1

shell + no. of monovalent atoms-charge on (c)

2

cation+ charge on anion] In all the given compounds, anion is same¿,

hence polarising power is decided by size and
charge of cation. A l 3+¿ ¿with maximum charge
H2 O

and smallest size has maximum polarising

H = (6+2+0-0)= =4
1 8
2 2 power hence, AlC l 3 is maximum covalent.

∴ s p3hybridisation
483

Dipole forces exist only in polar molecule.

(d)

P a g e | 130
484 CH ≡ C−CH =C H 2
(b) Hence, carbon atom bonded to each other by
Both possess s p2-hybridization but different single
geometry. (C−C) are sp and s p2 hybrid .
485 493

In transition elements, penultimate shell

(c) (c)
In I F 5, halogens are member of VII group.
electrons also participate in bonding. Summation of group number
486 = 42

Bond pair =
(b)
Species O 2 O +2 ¿O
42
2−¿ ¿
2+ ¿O2 ¿
¿ =5 ( Residue ) 2

Bond Order 2 2.5 3 1

2
8
Lone pair = =1
Hence, the increasing bond order is as
2

follows : 5 bond pair, 1 lone pair means the geometry

2

is square pyramidal and s p3 d 2 hybridisation.

2+¿ ¿
+¿< O2 ¿
2−¿<O <O ¿
O2 2 2

487 494
(b)
π 2 p x and π 2 p y or π 2 p and π 2 p orbitals have PC l 5 molecule has s p d hybridiation.
(b)
3

nearly equal energy and thus, are called Its geometry is trigonal bipyramidal and it
¿ ¿
x y

degenerate orbitals. has 5 valence shell pairs of electrons.

488 495
(c)
The most electronegative element is F and Given, ionic charge ¿ 4.8 × 10−10 esu
(a)

next to F is O. and, ionic distance ¿ 1 Å=10−8cm

We know that
Dipole moment ¿ionic charge×ionic distance
489

Ions are held in NaCl by coulombic forces and

(c)
−10 −8

thus, possess no velocity.

¿ 4.8 × 10 × 10
¿ 4.8 × 10 esu c m
−18 −1

490 ¿ 4.8 debye

Both have one lone pair of electron.

(b) 496
(b)
491 C H 2=C H 2 has 1 σ -and 1 π -in between two s p2-
hybridized carbon.
(d)

Lattice energy,U = 2
q 1 q2
497

Since, interionic distances in CaO and NaCl

r (c)
S in S F 4 possesses trigonal bipyramidal
are similar, (larger cation has smaller anion structure with s p3 d hybridisation.
and vice versa) r is almost the same.
S in ground state
Therefore, lattice energy depends only on
charge. Since, the magnitude of charge on
N a and C l ions is same ie , unity and that
+¿ ¿ −¿ ¿

on C a2+¿ ¿ and O 2−¿¿ions is 2 each, therefore,

the lattice energy of CaO is four times the
lattice energy of NaCl ,ie ,4U
492
(a)

S in excited state
2 2
sp sp s p s p

P a g e | 131
 BC l 3 has trigonal planar structure due to 3
(d)
499
bond pairs in the valence shell of boron
Atomic size decreases along the period and
(c)
whereas NC l 3 has distorted tetrahearal
increases down the gp. structure due to one lone pair and three bond
500 pair in the valence shell of nitrogen.

One water molecules is joined to four water

(d) 512

molecules−¿two with H−¿ atoms and other

(a)
In Al H 3 , Al is s p2hybridised while in Al H 4 ,
two with O−¿atoms. Thus, The maximum
−¿ ¿

Al is s p3 hybridised.
number of hydrogen bonds that a molecule of
water can have is four as shown below :
513

C H 3 COOH dimerises in gaseous state due to

(b)

H-bonding.

501 514

It is the definition of electron affinity.

(d) (d)
and N H 2 both have 8 electrons.
+¿ ¿ +¿¿
C H3
503 516
(b)
Energy level order 2 p >2 s . S O2 has s p2-hybridization.
(b)

504 517
(a)
One of s-orbital +3 of p-orbital ¿ s p 3
(b)
Be in Be F 3 is s p2-hybridized
−¿ ¿

505 518
(c) (d)
means and is the NO ( 7+ 8=15 )=σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 p z , π 2 p x ≈ π 2 p
−¿¿
+¿ ¿ −¿, 02 ¿ 2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2
Rb O2 Rb 02
superoxide ion.
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2

N O+¿ (7 +8−1=14)=σ 1 s ,σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 p , π 2 p ≈ π 2 p ¿
Thus, in the formation of N O from NO, the
z x y

2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 1
( 17 ) =σ 1 s , 1 s ,σ 2 s , 2 s ,σ 2 p , π 2 p ≈π 2 p 2 p ≈ 2 p ¿ +¿¿
0−¿
As it contains one unpaired electron, thus electron is removed from a π orbital
σ σ z x y,π x, π y
2
¿

paramagnetic in nature. 519

(a)
2nd I E 1 of alkali metals is abnormally higher.
506

A reason for the given fact.

(b)
520
507 (c)
For Ben A l 2 S i 6 O18
Sulphanilic acids have dipolar structure to
(c)
2n + 6 + 24 – 36 = 0
their melting point is high and insoluble in n=3
organic solvent 521
509 (a)
The structure of an hydride of H 2 S O 4 is :
Atomic size of Ag and Au are closer to each
(c)

other but nuclear charge is more on Au.

511
P a g e | 132
 d s p or s p d hybridisation has octahedral
2 3 3 2

planar geometry.

529

Bond angles of
(d)
522
(c)
O atom possesses s p3-hybridization with two
N H 3=107 ° , H 2 Se=91.0 ° , H 2 O=104.5 ° , H 2 S=92.2 °
So, the H 2 Se molecule has smallest bond
lone pair of electron. angle.
523 530

Ionic bonds are non-directional.

(a) (a)

524
The bond angle in is due
H2 O 104.5 °
(b)
The molecule of N 2 O is linear as would be to the presence of two lone pairs of electrons.
expected for a triatomic molecule with 16 This fact can be best explained with the help
outer shell electrons. Its resonance structure of valence shell electron pair repulsion
is (VSEPR) theory.
531
(b)
525 −¿¿
N O2 sp
2
(d) −¿¿
N O3 sp
2

−¿¿
N H2 sp
3

+¿¿
N H4 sp
3

−¿ ¿
SC N sp
533

Hence, number of σ and π -bond in

(b)
ionic, C and N forms covalent
acetonitrile are 5 and 2 respectively.
−¿¿
+¿ ∧C N ¿
−¿;K ¿
+¿ [ C ≡ N ] ¿

bonds.
K
526
534
More the difference in electronegativity of
(a)
(c)
atoms, stronger will be the hydrogen bond. ∵ NaCl exist as N a+¿ C l ¿.
−¿¿

Electronegativity difference between H and F 535

is highest.
C 2 H 2 has a linear structure because it has sp-
(c)
(∵F has highest electronegativity)
∵ F−H−−−−−O hydrogen bond is hybridisation.
strongest. H−C ≡C−H
527 536
(d)
Cyanide ion is, Structure of C 2 H 4 is
(d)

528

ds p ∨s p d hybridisation results in trigonal

(a)
3 3

bipyramidal geometry according to VSEPR

theory.

ds p hybridisation has square planar

2

geometry.
P a g e | 133
 543
(b)
+¿¿
NO ⟶ N O
¿
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 1+1 1 +1 2
σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , π 2 p x =π 2 p y σ 2 p z
Diamagnetic

Bond order = ¿
10−4
=3
2
( NO ) Total e−¿=15 ¿
2¿ 2 2¿ 2 2 1 +1 1 +1 ¿ 1 ¿
σ 1 s σ 1 s σ 2 s σ 2 s , σ 2 p z π 2 p x π 2 p y , π 2 p x =π 2 p y
So, the compound ( X ) is C 2 H 4 . Paramagnetic

Bond order = ¿
10−5
537 =2.5
Electron is taken away from non-bonding
2
Ionization energy increases along the period
(a)

and decreases down the group. molecular orbital that’s why bond order
538 increases.
544
The atomic radius decreases along the period.
(b)

All are isoelectronic species; more is nuclear

(a)
Also cations are always smaller than their
parent atom and anions are always larger charge smaller is ionic size.
than their parent atom.
545
(b)
Bond order for O 2=2 ; O2 =2.5 , O2 =1.5 , O2 =
539 2−¿¿ +¿¿ −¿¿
(a)
In N 2, all electrons are paired. Thus, N 2 has 1
+¿ ¿

one electron unpaired. Thus bond length is O +¿<O

2−¿ ¿
−¿< O2 ¿
<O 2 2 ¿
2
540 546
(c)
The structure of acetylene is
(b)

M Hy Repulsion Bon
ole bri d
cul dis angl
e ati e
on In acetylene, both the C-atoms are sp
lp.bp, bp – bp hybridised. Hence in acetylene molecule,
lp – lp, bp – lp bp – 104.5 °
S O2 sp
2
119 °
there are one sigma and two pi bonds are
bp
O H2 sp
3

present between carbon atoms.

−¿do−¿
S H2 sp
3

lp – bp, bp – bp
N H3 3 90 °
sp 547
107 °

Size of isoelectronics decreases with

(c)

increasing atomic number.

541
(a)
C O2 is isostructural with N 2 O because both 548
have linear structure.
(d)

O2
−¿ :σ 1 s2 ,σ ¿ 1 s2 ,σ 2 s2 ,σ ¿ 2 s2 , σ 2 p2
[ ][ ]
π 2 p2y π ¿ 2 p2y
π 2 p2z π ¿ 2 p1z
¿

B.O. ¿
10−7
542 =1.5
2
Valencies of L ,Q , P and R is-2,-1,+1, and +2
(c)
549

respectively. So, they will form P2 L , RL PQ ,

NO has 15 electrons (paramagnetic) whereas
(c)

and R Q2
P a g e | 134
 has 14 electrons (diamagnetic).

[ ]
+¿¿ 3−¿¿
NO O
The structure of P O4
550 3−¿is¿ ¿
O−P−O
2 Fe+3[O]→ F e2 O3 (rust).
(c)
¿∨¿O
Here, there units negative charge is shared
by four O atoms and five bond pairs are
551

Cl O2 has 33 electron; one will be unpaired. shared between four P−¿O bonds
(d)

∴Formal charge ¿ =−0.75

552 3
4
N O2∧O3 both are having irregular geometry.
(c)
BOof P−O bond ¿ =1.25
5
554
4
561
s character ∝ bond angle
(a)
(c)
555 The element is P which exists as P4 .
(b) 562
Since the two O atoms in O 2 are connected by
Elements having six electrons in valency shell
(b)

a double bond (O=O), therefore,hybridization

are electronegative elements, e .g., O.
of O is s p2
563
556
In sulphur, the excitation of np -electrons to nd
(d)
(a)
-subshell gives rise to increase in number of
Cl−Be−Cl
In BeC I 2 ,Be is sp-hybridised, hence it has unpaired electrons.
linear structure. 564
(b)

Spe Ele Electron Ch Tot

cie ctr s in arg al
s on other e
in element gai
cen ne
tral d
557 ele
me
nt
On fusion KCN , ionic bonding is disturbed; on
(c)
3 −¿ ¿5 +3 32
boiling H 2 S and C F 4 only kinetic energy of 6 +2 32
BO3 3 ×8=24
CO 3 7 +1 32
molecules increases.
2−¿¿ 3 ×8=24
NO 3 16 +2 42
3 ×8=24
6 1 14
−¿¿
558 3 ×8=24
SO 3 7 7 0 14
2−¿ ¿

CN 6 7 +2 14
(a)
Structure of N H 2 is as follows 6
N 2 15 +3 50
−¿¿

16 +2 50
C 2 17 +1 50
2−¿¿
4 ×8=32
4 ×8=32
3−¿¿
PO 4 4 ×8=32
2−¿ ¿
SO 4
−¿ ¿
ClO4
Thus, (b) SO 3 are not isoelectronic.
−¿ ¿
2−¿,NO3 ¿
2−¿ ,CO 3 ¿
559
565
is most stable as it has half-filled d -
(b)
(c)
Unpaired electrons are present in K O2, while
2+¿ ¿

orbitals.
Mn

others have paired electrons.

22 electrons
560
+¿⟶ ¿
(c) NO 2

P a g e | 135
BaO2 ⟶72 electrons
30 electrons
−¿⟶ ¿
AlO2
K O2 ⟶ 35 electrons
566
(d)
I P3 > I P 2> I P 1
567

Coordinate bond is formed.

(b)

σ- Lon Unpaire Tota

( C 2 H 5 )2 O⟶ B H 3
( C 2 H 5 )2 O gives one lone pair of electron to
bon e d l
B H 3. So, it is called electron pair donar and d pair electron
B H 3 is called electron pair acceptor. I. 3
II. 2
× ×
2
2
3( s p )

III 4
× ×
(sp)
568

.
(a) × ×
involves s p2-hybridization.
3
Be F 3
−¿ ¿
4 (s p )
570
577
Maximum covalence in most of the atoms
(c)

Larger cation favours ionic bonding (Fajan’s

(b)
(except N, O, F) is given by the number of
valency electrons. The paired s electrons are rule).
also get unpaired during excitation.
578

Only P has d -orbitals.

571 (b)

Noble gases are in zero group however they

(b)
579
possess eight electrons in their valence shell.
(b)
572 H 2 O is s p3-hybridized; Be F 2 is sp-hybridized.
580
Solid molecules possess stronger van der
(a)
(b)
Waals’ forces. Oxidising power: F 2>C l 2> B r 2 > I 2.
573 581

N H 3 molecule in its valence shell has three

(a)
Inert pair effect is not noticed for elements
(a)

having their outermost shell (n ) if n< 4 . bond pairs of electrons and one lone pair of
574 electrons. The shape of N H 3 molecule is
pyramidal due to the presence of one lone
(a) Pauling gave scale of electronegativity.
(b)
pair electron. It has s p3 hybridisation.
(b) Bronsted gave concept of acid and base.
(c) Mullikan determined charge on electron.
(d) Lewis gave electronic theory of bonding.
575

Ionization potential increases along the

(b)

period. Also Be has 1 s 2 , 2 s 2 ,i . e., removal of

582

electrons from 2 s while in Boron it occurs

All carbon to hydrogen bonds are σ -bonds
(d)

from 2 p and therefore, Be has high I.P. 583

576 (b)
In C 2 H 6 , C is s p3hybridised.
(b)

P a g e | 136
In C 2 H 4 , C is s p2hybridised.
In Be Cl2 , Be is sphybridised.
In C 2 H 2 ,C is sphybridised
584

Energy bonds in solids are formed in

(b)

accordance with Bohr’s theory.

585 591

The jump in ionisation energy occurs when

(c) (b)
I E 1 of N > I E 1 of O due to half filled nature in
valence shell changes during removal of N.
electron. 592
586
Larger anion is easily deformed (Follow
(b)

H atom attached on F is responsible for H-

(c)
Fajans’ rule).
bonding.. 593
587 (c)
(a) Due to resonance structure of C 6 H 6 .
594

Draw bond structure and then count bonds.

(d)

Bond length increases when bond order

decrease, hence the correct order of bond
length is

⟹ 12 σ ,2 dπ − pπ bonds.
2−¿>C O 2>CO ¿
CO 3
588
595
(a)
In PC l 3 molecule, phosphorus is s p3-
In methane, ethene and ethyne, the
(a)

hybridised but due to presence of lone-pair of

hybridisations are respectively s p3, s p2 and sp
electron. It has pyramidal structure.
. Hence, % s-character will be
3 1
s p = ×100=25 %
4
2 1
s p = ×100=33 %
3
589 1
sp= × 100=50 %
2
2 = (8 electrons)
(c)
Be 597
(c)
Both S O 4 and B F 4 have s p3-hybridization
¿ ¿
2 2 2 2
σ 1s σ1s σ 2s σ2S 2−¿¿ −¿ ¿

and are tetrahedral.

590

hybridisation has octahedral structure 598

(d)
3 2

such that four hybrid orbitals are at 90 ° w.r.t (c)

sp d

other and others two at 90 ° with first If there is four

each
σ −¿ bonds, hybridisation is
four. s p , if three σ −¿ bonds, hybridisation is s p
and if two σ −¿ bonds, hybridisation is sp.
3 2

(a) C H 2=C=C H 2

P a g e | 137
 sp
2
sp sp
2

(b) C H 3 −CH =CH −CH 2

+¿¿

3 2 2 2
s p s p s p sp
(c) C H 3 −C ≡C−CH 2
+¿¿

3 2
s p sp sp s p
(d) C H 3 −CH =CH −CH 2
−¿¿

3 2 2 3
s p s p s p sp
(e) C H 2=CH −CH =C H 2
2 2 2
sp sp sp sp
2 606
Hence, in C H 3 −C ≡C−CH 2 all the three (a)
It is the definition of valency.
+¿, ¿

types of hybrid carbons are present.

607
599

Only Na shows +1 oxidation state. Rest all

(a)
Sigma bond formation involves more
(b)

have +1, +2(Hg), +1, +2 (Cu) and +2, +3

overlapping and thus stronger.
(Fe) oxidation states.
600
608
(b)
Both have s p2-hybridization geometry.
The ionisation energy of elements decreases
(a)

down the group.

601

Anions are always larger than their parent

(b)
609

atom. Also atomic radius increases down the

O is more electronegative than C.
(d)

group, decreases along the period.

610
602

Bond energy increases with multiplicity of

(c)
(c)
As F 5has s p3 d hybridization. In s p3 d
bonds.
hybridization, it is d z orbitals which takes
part
2
611

B r 2is a non-polar molecule and hence, its

(c)
603
(a) melting point and boiling point depend only
upon van der Waals’ forces of attraction while
all the remaining molecules have dipole
and compounds
CC l 4
moments and hence, their melting points and
has zero dipole moment due to their
boiling points depend upon dipole-dipole
symmetrical structure.
interactions
604
612

Ionisation energy increases along the period.

(b)
(c)
H-bonding in H 2 O increases forces of
attracting among molecules and develops
605

abnormal properties.
(a)
In octahedral structure M X 6, the six hybrid
orbitals (s p3 d 2) are directed towards the
614

corners of a regular octahedral with an angle In a double bond ( ¿ ) oneσ and one π -bond is
(b)

of 90 ° . According to following structure of present while in a single bond ¿ only σ -bond is

M X 6 the number of X −M −X bonds at 180 ° present.
must be three. The structure of the naphthalene is as

P a g e | 138
 (b)
Bond angles of Cl F 3 , P F3 , N F 3 and B F 3 are
(180, 90), (101), (106) and (120)
respectively.
624

In naphthalene five double bonds are present, Operates in each gaseous molecule.
(c)

hence 5 π bonds are present in naphthalene. 625

Resultant of two opposite vectors produces

616 (d)

but zero dipole moment.

(d)
are linear
−¿ ¿
−¿,N 3 ¿
−¿ ,I ¿
ICl 2 3

−¿ isangular due ¿ 3 626

ClO2 sp hybridisation of Cl atom .
Because of its regular tetrahedral geometry,
(d)

CC l 4 has least dipole moment

So, ClO2 is non-linear.

−¿ ¿ 627

Coulombic forces are strongest among all.

(b)
617
(c)
628
Bond order ¿ [bonding electrons –
1
C O2 has linear structure. It has sp-
(a)

antibonding electrons]
2
hybridisation
618
O=C=O
The difference of electronegativity is more.
(c)
629

In ( A ) para-nitro phenol intermolecular

(a)
619

(between two molecules) H-bonding exists

¿ hydroxyl benzaldehyde has maximum
(c)

while in ( B) ¿ –nitrophenol, intramolecular H-

volatility due to intra molecular H-bonding.
bonding exists.
Because of the presence of intramolecular H-
620

Formal charge = Number of electrons in bonding, the boiling point of ( ) is lower as

(b)

compare to ( ) and thus, ( ) is more volatile

B
valence shell –
¿numbers of electrons as bond pair+¿ i .e ., has higher vapour pressure as compare
A B

numbers of electrons as lone pair¿ to ( A ).

630

Small cation has more polarizing power.

(b)
For N 1 and N 3
632
Formal charge = 5− + 4 =5−( 6 )=−1
( ) 4
Polar solute are more soluble in polar
(c)
2

For
1
N 2=5− ×8−0=5−4=+ 1 solvents.
2 633
621
Since, the electronegativity (EN) different is
(b)
(d)
In phenol each C atom is s p2hybridised and O 3.0−1.2=1.8, which is less than 1.9, therefore,
atom is s p3hybridised. bond is expected to be covalent
622 634
(a)
Due to s p3-hybridization on carbon atoms. Si F 4and S F 4 are not isostructural because
(a)

623
P a g e | 139
Si F 4 is tetrahedral due to s p3 hybridisation of O−¿ ¿
is formed from O 2
Si while S F 4 is not tetrahedral but it is 644
2

distorted tetrahedral because in it S is s p3 d

H-bonding is weakest bonding.
(a)
hybridised and has a lone pair of electron.
635 646
(b)
Si F 4 has regular tetrahedral geometry. Out of s p3 , sp , s p 2 hybridised carbon, sp
(c)

636 hybridised carbon is more electronegative.

(d) 647
Cl possesses 10 electrons in Cl F 3. (c)
Both N H 3 and H 2 O have s p3-hybridization.
C O2 and BeC l 2 are linear ( sp-hybridization).
637
(a)

Mole Hybridi Shape

648

cule sation
bp+lp
Unpaired electrons give rise to
(d)

2 +2 Angular
paramagnetism.
Trigonal
H2 O sp
3

3+0 Planar 649

4 +¿¿
+0 3 Tetrahedr
BCl3 sp
2

HF has largest dipole moment because

(a)
4+0 al
NH sp
s p Tetrahedr
electronegativity difference of both is high so,
4
3
C H4
al it is highly polar
650
638
Due to H-bonding which is more in water
(b)

Electronegativity and ionisation energy

(c)
than alcohol and not in ether.
decreases from F to I. 652
639
1 s , 2 s 2 p leads a sharing of two electron
(c)

CH ≡ CH ; 3 for triple bonds and two for C — H

(d) 2 2 4

pairs to form molecule, e . g ., O 2.

bond.
654
640
Count σ and π bonds.
(b)
(b)
The electronic configuration of O 2 ion is
2−¿¿

2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 2
655
1s σ2s , 2s , σ2 p , π2 p , π2 p , 2p , 2 p ¿
O2−¿−σ 1s ,
(c)
Hence, number of antibonding electron pair Bond order C 2
σ σ z x y π x π y
2 +¿ ¿
−¿> H e 2 ¿
−¿>NO>O 2 ¿

in O 2 molecular ion are four. 3 5/2 3/2

2−¿¿

641 1/2

Due to the presence of d-subshell electrons.

(c) 656

Larger is bond order, lesser is bond length.

(b)
642
(b) 657
Due to s p -hybridization.
Strongest H-bonds are formed in between
2 (c)

HCOOH and C H 3 COOH . This is because H-

643

bonding increases with electronegativity and

(a)
M.O. configuration of O 2:
decreases with size of atom
[ ][ ]
2 ¿ 2
π 2 py π 2 py
σ 1 s 2 , σ ¿ 1 s 2 , σ 2 s 2 ,σ∗2 s 2 , σ 2 p2x 2 ¿ 1 658
π 2 p z π 2 pz
Molecular orbitals π 2 p z gains electron when BC l 3 has s p2-hybridization. Rest all have s p3-
(d)
¿

P a g e | 140
hybridization having one lone pair of electron
and thus, pyramidal in nature.
659

The overlapping orbitals must possess half-

(d)

filled nature with anti-spin electron.

In p-dichlorobenzene, two C−Cl dipole cancel
each other
661
(c)
∴ μ=0
In,o -dichlorobenzene, two C−C l dipoles (say
x ) are inclined at an angle of 60 ° .Therefore,
for each coordinate bond.
according to parallelogram law of forces, the
resultant
662
(a)
B.p. of H 2 is minimum.
¿ √ x 2+ x 2 +2 x × cos 60 °
663 ¿ √ x 2+ x 2 +2 x2 ×1/ 2
¿ √ 3 x2= √ 3 x
In m -dichlorobenzene, the two dipoles are
(a)
H 2 O has s p3-hybridisation and is angular in
shape. inclined to each other at an angle of 120 ° ,
664 therefore, resultant
¿ √ x 2+ x 2 +2 x × cos 120 °
Electron gain enthalpy of Cl is maximum.
(b)
2 2 2
¿ x + x +2 x ×(−1/ 2)
665
¿ √ x 2=x
Thus ,the decreasing order of dipole
The structure of trimethyl amine is pyramidal.
(a)

moments: o >m> p
669

One carbon has three bonds and other five

(d)

where as each should have four bonds.

670

Cations are smaller in size than their parent

(c)

atoms.
666
671
(b)
(b)
Molecules Interaction
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2

Benzene and Dispersion

O2 ( 8+8=16 )=σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 p z , π 2 p x

ethanol force
2 ¿ 1 ¿ 1
≈ π 2 p y , π 2 px ≈ π 2 py
Acetonitrile Dipole-dipole Bond order ¿
10−6
and acetone Ion-dipole
=2
2
KCl and water Dispersion
Benzene and (London)
+¿(8+8−1=15)¿
O2

carbon force Bond order¿

10−5
tetrachloride
=2.5
2
−¿ ( 8+ 8+1=17 ) ,¿
O2

Bond order ¿
667 10−7
=1.5
(b) 2
Dry ice is C O2 having C —O covalent bonds.
2−¿ ( 8+8 +2=18 ) ,¿
O2

Bond order ¿
668 10−8
=1
(d) 2

P a g e | 141
Thus, bond order is maximum for O 2
+¿¿

672

∴ Total electrons in N H 3=5+1+1+1=8

(d)
P atom has s p3-hybridization with one
position occupied by lone pair of electron. 683

The electronic configuration of carbon is

673 (d)

A characteristic of resonance. 1s ,2s 2 p .

(b)
2 2 2

674 684

Covalent compounds have lower m.p. and b.p. Number of hybrid orbitals ¿ no . of bp+ no . of lp
(b) (c)

than ionic one. ¿ 5+1=6

676 Thus, hybridization is s p3 d 2 but geometry,
due to the presence of one pair, is square
It is a reason for given fact.
(d)
pyramidal, ie
677
(b)
Cl O3 has s p3-hybridization with one lone
−¿¿

pair of electron.
678

Greater the stability of oxide, greater is the

(d) 685

case of its formation. Generally ionic oxides

(c)
(i) N 2 (14 electrons)
are more stable than covalent oxides and
= K K , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , π 2 p x ≈ π 2 p y ,σ 2 p z
among the given metals only Ca form ionic
¿ 2 2 2 2 2

oxide. Hence, Ca has greater tendency to Bond Order ¿

1
form oxide.
( N −N a )
2 b
679
1
¿ ( 8−2 )=3
2
Higher the charge/size ratio, more is the (ii) N 2 (13 electrons)
(c) +¿ ¿

polarising power. = K K , σ 2 s ,σ 2 s , π 2 px ≈ π 2 py , σ 2 pz
¿ 2 ¿ 2 2 2 1

Bond Order ¿ ( 7−2 )= 2.5

2+¿ ¿

1
2+¿ <B e ¿
2+ ¿< M g ¿

K +¿<C a ¿

Since, bond dissociation energy ∝ bond order.

680 2

Hence, bond dissociation energy of N 2 is

(d)
He has 1 s 2 configuration.
greater than that of the bond dissociation
energy of N 2 .
681
+¿ ¿

Water molecules has following structure

(a)
686
(c)
Bond angles in BeC l 2 , N H 3 , H 2 O and SnC l 2 are
180, 107, 104.5 and 119 respectively. Also
Therefore, there are 4 pairs of electrons (2
H 2 S , H 2 O , H 2 Se has s p3-hybridization and
lone pairs and 2-bond pairs) in the valence
bond angles of hydrides decreases down the
shell of O-atom in water molecule.
group.
682
687
Total electrons in valence shell of nitrogen
(a)

Liquid HCl does not from H-bonds

(d)
and hydrogen.
688
(a)

P a g e | 142
O 2 has two unpaired electrons but are paired In Br F 5 number of electrons = 6
in O 2 .
2−¿¿
(1 lp +5 bp)
689

In ethanol the oxygen of – OH group is

(b)

bonded to the s p3 hybridised carbon by a

sigma bond. The C−O−H bond angle in
ethanol is less than the tetrahedral angle
So, the structure is supposed to be square
(109 ° ,28 ) due to larger repulsions between pyramidal but will be distorted because of
''

the lone pair of repulsions between the lone additional lp-bp interaction.
pairs of oxygen. Hence, it is 104 ° in ethanol. Additional lp-bp interaction reduced the all
bond angle and do not let any angle to be 90 ° .
696

Ionisation energy decreases down the group

(b)

and increases along the period.

690
697
(c)
Smaller is size of anion, lesser is its
(a)

polarization, more is ionic nature, more is

lattice energy.
698

Among the given species, the bond

(c)

dissociation energy of C−O bond is minimum

in case of C O3 by which C−O bond become
Acetonitrile does not contain s p2 hybridised
2−¿¿

carbon. more weaker in C O3 or the bond order of

2−¿¿

is minimum so, the bond become

2−¿(1.33)¿
CO
weaker
691 3

The atomic radii decreases along the period

(b)

and increases down the gp.

699
(a)
692 Peroxide ion in O 2
2−¿¿

Si O2possesses giant molecular structure due

(b) 2−¿ ( 18 ) =¿¿ 2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2
O2 σ 1 s ,σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 pz

to tetra valence and catenation nature of Si.

2 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 2
π 2 p x =π 2 p y , π 2 p x =π 2 p y

Bond order = =1
693 N b−N a 10−8
=
It contains four completely filled antibonding
2 2
According to VSEPR theory the bond angle
(d)

decreases with increase in the size of the molecular orbitals. Since, all the electrons are
valence shell of the central atom because paired, O 2 is diamagnetic.
2−¿¿

electronegativity decreases. i .e ., decreasing Peroxide ion is isoelectronic with argon, not

order of bond angles is with neon.
N H 3 > P H 3> As H 3 > Sb H 3 701
694 (b)
3 3

Half-filled orbitals are more stable.

2 3 −¿ :s p H 2 O :s p ¿
(b) B F 3 :s p
2
N O2
−¿: s p N H 3 : s p N H 2 ¿

702
695
Multiplicity in bonds decreases bond length.
(b)
(a)

P a g e | 143
703 ¿−610 kJ mo l
−1

(a)
(Total number of electrons =18)
708
2−¿¿

σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 p z , π 2 px =π 2 p y π 2 p x = π 2 pThe position at which substituent is present,

O2 (b)

is called ipso -position.

2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2¿ 2 ¿ 2
y
704
(d)
I F7

The hybridisation of ipso -carbon in

chlorobenzene is s p .
2

709

Electronegativity difference between N (3,0)

(c)

and Cl (3.0) is zero and hence, N−Cl bonds

are non-polar. As a result, the overall dipole
moment of NC l 3 molecule and its direction is
just the dipole moment of the lone pair of
electrons

On the other hand,

N−Br ,(3.0−2.8), N−I (3.0−2.5)∧N− H (3.0−2.1)
are polar and hence, contribute towards the
overall dipole moment of the respective
moleculas. Since, the EN difference is higher
in case of N−H bonds, therefore, N H 3has the
higher dipole moment
710

CHC l 3 molecule has largest dipole moment

(c)

705 among the given species.

(b)
In C 2 , only 2 π bonds are present
711
(d)
706 In O 2 , there are two electrons in antibonding
(b) orbitals. Removal of one electron from the O 2
N H 4 has angle of 109 28′. molecular gives O 2 in which the number of
+¿¿
ͦ +¿¿

707 antibonding electrons is one less and hence,

(b) BO increases. Thus, removal of the electron
from O 2stabilized the molecule
1 −¿(aq)¿
C l 2 (g)⟶ C l
2
712
1
∆ H = ∆ H diss ( C l 2 ) + ∆ H EA Cl+ ∆ H hyd ¿
is a smaller cation in these. Smaller is
(a)
2 2+¿¿

cation more is hydration energy.

Mg
240
¿ −349−381
2
P a g e | 144
713 ¿

Zer
C F4 F−C−F
Hydrogen bonding ∝electronegativity
(b)

o
¿ sp
3

714 F

Larger is anion, more is its polarization.

(c)

Xe F 4
715
Two
3 2
sp d
NaF is more ionic; F is smallest anion among
(c)

all and thus, least polarized.

716 722
(a) (a)
We know that the shape of I F 7 (molecule) is
pentagonal bipyramidal because central atom
I have s p3 d 3 hybridisation.
Hence, In acetylene, there are 3 σ and 2 π 723
bond.
C−C bond length¿ 1.54 Å
(a)
717
C=C bond length¿ 1.34 Å
+4 ionic state is not possible for head with
(d)
C ≡ C bond length¿ 1.20 ° Å
iodide because I reduces P b4 +¿ ¿ P b 2+¿¿ . Thus, correct decreasing order C to C bond
−¿¿

718 lengths is
(a)
The C−C bond length in s p hybridisation is 724
IV > III > I > II
3

greater than s p2 hybridisation due to large (b)

size of p-orbitals. Due to larger difference in electronegativity.
In diamond s p3 hybridisation is present while 725
in graphite, naphthalene and fullerene s p2
(d)
Both O and S belong to same group but H 2 O
hybridisation is present therefore the C−C
bond length is maximum in diamond. is a liquid while H 2 S is a gas. This can be
explained on the basis of electronegativity. In
water due to the high electronegativity of
720

Si O2 structure is definite. oxygen hydrogen bonds are formed. As a

(d)

result the molecules of H 2 O get associate

together, hence water exists as a liquid at
721

room temperature. On the other hand, the

(a)

M Structure Hyb Lon electronegativity of S is less and therefore,

ol ridis e
hydrogen bonding in H 2 S is almost negligible.
ec atio pair
ul n of As a result of which molecules of H 2 S are not
e cent associated and H 2 S exsists as a gas at room
ral temperature.
ato
m
726

s p d One S=C=S .
(d)
S F4 3

727
(d)
The bond angles in s p3 , s p2 and sp-
hybridization are 109 ,ͦ 120 ͦ and 180 ͦ
F respectively.
P a g e | 145
728
(d)
In ClO3 , Cl is central atom, it is s p3 hybrid
−¿ ¿

and on it one lone pair of electrons Hydrogen bonding is helpfull in the

(free pair of electrons ) is present. association of HF molecule, so HF is found in
liquid form.
732

A species is said to be diamagnetic if it has all

(c)

electrons paired

Sp El MO Magnetic
In Xe F 4 , Xe is central atom it is s p3 d 2 hybrid ec ec electroni behaviour
ies tr c
and on it two lone pair of electrons on configur
are present. s ation
3 Paramagnet
+¿¿ 1 ic
−¿ ¿ 2¿ 1
H2 σ 1s σ1s
H2 2 σ 1s
1
Paramagnet
H2 3 ic
Diamagneti
2
σ 1s
c
+¿¿ 2¿
He2 σ 1s σ1s
1

Paramagnet
ic

In S F 4, S is central atom and s p3 d -hybridised 733

and on it one lone pair of electrons
is present. This give rise to polarity in bonds.
(b)

734

First electron affinity is energy releasing

(c)

process.
735
(b)
In I 3 , I is central atom and it is s p d L i−¿: 1 s ,2 s ;B e in Li, addition of electron
−¿¿ 3 2
¿
2
2 2 1
−¿ :1s ,2 s ,2 p ;¿

hybridised and on it three lone pair of has taken place in 2s orbital; in B e−¿¿ ,
electrons addition of electron has taken place in 2 p
are present. orbital loosing its 2 s completely filled
configuration.
E A1 for Be is more positive than E A1 for Li.
Thus B e is least stable.
−¿¿

736

Bond energy for C —C , N — N , H — H∧O —O are

(d)

: H — H >C —C> N — N >O —O .

730
737

Seven atoms of fluorine are covalently

(b)
(b)
The number of lone pair in XeO F 4 is one (1).
bonded with iodine.
731 The structure of XeO F 4 is given as follows

Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is found in

(c)

( HF )n due to higher electronegativity of

fluorine atoms.
P a g e | 146
 742

Electronegativity difference in two atoms

(a)

involved in bonding is a measure of polarity in

molecule.
743

≡C — has 2 σ -and 2 π - (thus, sp-hybridization);

(c)
738

−CH = has 3 σ - and 1 π - (thus, s p2-

BC l 3 has six electrons in outer shell of boron
(c)

hybridization). Remember hybridized orbitals

atom.
do not form π -bonds.
739
744

H 2 S contain only covalent bonds, as the

(b)

F has 7 electrons in its valence shell. Thus, to

(b)

electronegativity difference between H and S

attain stability, it should have lost one
is only (2.6 – 2.1 = 0.5).
electron.
745
(a)
In O 2 , 8 electrons are present in
2−¿¿

antibonding orbitals
740
(c)
CC l 4 has s p -hybridization giving regular
σ1 s , σ*1 s , σ2 s ,σ*2 s ,σ2 p x
[ ][ ]
3 2 ¿ 2

tetrahedron geometry. In others the geometry

2 π 2 py
2 2 2 2
2
, π¿ p y2

is little distorted inspite of s p -hybridization

π 2 pz π 2 pz
3

due to different atoms on the vertices of

746

tetrahedron.
(a)
C H 3 possesses s p2-hybridization.
+¿ ¿

741
747
(b)
P undergoes s p3 d hybridisation in PC l 5 and it
(a)
No doubt N H 3 and B F 3 have s p3 (pyramidal)
has trigonal bipyramidal structure
and s p2 (coplanar) hybridization respectively
having one lone pair of electron on N atom
which is responsible for pyramidal shape of
N H 3 inspite of s p3 hybridization. However, as
soon as it is coordinated to B F 3, both attain
tetrahedral geometry and acquire s p3-
hybridization.
748

Nitrogen molecule has highest bond energy

(b)
Trigonal bipyramidal shape of PC l 5
due to presence of triple bond
749
(b)

P a g e | 147
P4 O6 has following structure. 757
Thus, every P-atom is linked to 3 oxygen (b)
atoms. Anions are always larger than parent atom;
P cations are always lesser than parent atom.
758
O (c)
O

Total number = 4⟶ s p 3hybridisation

O O
P P

Total number = 5⟶ s p 3 d hybridisation

O P O

750
Total number = 6⟶ s p 3 d 2 hybridisation
Bond energy ∝Bond order
(d)
759
751 (a)
(a) Van der Waals’ forces increases in C H 4 to
In Xe F 6, the oxidation state of Xe is +6. The
give solid C H 4.
shape of Xe F 6 should be
pentagonal 760
bipyramid due to s p3 d 3 hybridisation but due (b)
to the presence of one lone pair at one trans As the number of lone pairs of electrons
position its shape becomes distorted increases, bond angle decreases. Thus, the
octahedral. order of bond angle is
−¿¿
+¿>N H 3> N H 2 ¿
N H4
(no lp) (1 lp¿ (2 lp)
761
(b)
BeC l 2− sp , B F 3−s p 2 ; N H 3− s p3 ; Xe F 2− s p3 d
752 762

both have same number of Cl−P−Cl bond angles in PC l 5 molecule are

(a) (a)
+ ¿¿
−¿∧ N O ¿

electrons and same bond order (3).

CN
120 ° and 90 ° . PC l 5, having s p3 d hybridised P
753 atom (trigonal bipyramidal geometry) has two
(b) types of bonds; axial and equatorial. The two
Bond length ∝
1 types of bond have different bond lengths 1,
bond order 2, 3 and 4 equatorial bonds and 4, 5 axial
754 bonds.

s p -hybridization leads to tetrahedral

(c)
3

geometry.
756

Alkali metals are most electropositive

(b)

elements.
P a g e | 148
 Cl 764

Each possesses 18 electrons.

Cl
(a)

5
766
2
(d)
1 2−¿ ( B.O .=3.0) ¿
−¿ (B.O . =1.5)< NO ( B. O .=2.5 )< C 2 ¿
Cl P
H e+2 ¿ ( B .O .=0.5 )<O 2 ¿

3
768
(d)
In S O 3 molecules, S-atom remains s p2 hybrid,
4

hence, it has trigonal planar structure

Cl
Cl

763
(b)
Both B F 4 and N H 4 have s p3-hybridisation
−¿ ¿ +¿¿

and therefore possess tetrahedral geometry.

N F 3 : s p3 BC l 3 : s p2
: BrC l 3 : s p3 d
769
B F3 2
(d)
BC l 3=3 σ bonds+0 lp ofe−¿=3⟹ s p ¿ hybridisation
sp
: s p3 N H 3 : s p3
2
−¿ ¿
BF
: s p3 : s p2 NC l 3=3 σ bonds+1 lpofe−¿=4 ⟹ s p ¿hybridisation
4
3
+¿¿ −¿¿
NH 4 N O3

771 (b)
N is s p2-hybridized in N O3 .
−¿¿

772 778

The ionic radius increases down the group.

(d) (c)
Carbon in C O2 has sp-hybridization.
773 779
(b)
The formula of M X 3 shows the presence of 3 σ
(c)
In both C H 4 andCC l 4 , s p3hybridisation is
bonds. Since, it has T-shape geometry, it must present and both have tetrahedral geometry.
contain 2 lone pairs as 781

As the s-character increases in hybrid

(a)

orbitals, bond energy increases, size of the

hybridized orbital decreases. s-characters in
sp , s p and s p are 1/2 ,1 /3 , 1/4 respectively.
2 3

782

contains ionic, covalent and

774 (b)
N H 4 Cl
Except N O (16 electrons), rest all have 14 coordinate linkage.
(a)
−¿¿

electrons.
776

Ethyl alcohol forms stronger H-bonds than

(c)

ethylamine or ammonia due to greater

electronegativity of oxygen than nitrogen
atom. Diethyl ether, however, does not form 783
H-bonds since , it does not have a H-atom (a)
attached to O-atom.
P a g e | 149
P4 O10 is
In an antibonding molecular orbital, most of
(a)

the electron density is located away from the

space between the nuclei, as a result of which
there is a nodal plane (i .e ., a plane at which
the electron density is zero) between the
nuclei.

784

The Born-Haber cycle takes place as follows

(b)
788
(d)

Spec Hybridi Lone Bondi

ies sation pair ng
of Xe on Xe pairs
(a) 1 3
(b 2 4
Xe O3 sp
3

) 1 6
Xe F 4 3 2
sp d
(c) 3 2
Xe F 6 3 3
sp d
(d (Max.
Xe F 2 3
sp d
) )

Hence, Z is M +¿ X ¿
−¿(s )¿

789
785
Boiling point of HF is highest due to H-
(b)

S atom is larger in size than O and F.

(a)
bonding. For other halogen acids boiling
786 point increase in the order HCl< HBR < HI .
Therefore, most volatile (with Lower b.pt.) is
(d)
N 2 ( 7+7=14 ) =σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , π 2 p x ≈ π 2 p yHCl.
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2
, σ 2 pz

Bond order ¿
10−4 790
=3
2
The MO electronic configuration of
(b)
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2
+¿ ( 7+7 −1=13 ) =σ 1 s ,σ 1 s ,σ 2 s ,σ 2 s , π 2 p ¿
N2 x

¿ π 2 p y , σ 2 p π ¿paramagnetic)
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 1
( 8+ 8+1=17 ) =σ 1 s , 1 s , σ 2 s ,
2 1 O−¿
2
σ σ 2 s , σ 2 pz , π 2 px ≈ π 2 p y , π 2 p x, ≈ π 2 p y ¿

Bond order ¿ Bond order =

9−4 N b−N
=2.5 a

2 2
Since, N 2 has less bond, then N−N bond gets
+¿ ¿
10−7
weak
¿ =1.5
2
O2 ( 8+8=16 )=σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 p z , π 2 p x ≈791
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 1 ¿ 1
π 2 p y , π 2 px ≈ π 2 py

Bond order ¿ Multiplicity in bonds decreases bond lengths.

(d)
10−6
=2
2
2 ¿ 2 2 792 ¿ 2 2 2 2
( 8+8−1=15 ) =σ 1 s ,σ 1 s , σ 2 s ,σ 2 s , σ 2 p , π 2 p ≈ π 2 p , π 2 p ¿
¿ 1

O +¿ (a)
z x y x

Both N H 4 and B F 4 have s p3-hybridization.

2

Bond order ¿ =2 .5
10−5 +¿¿ −¿ ¿

2
Thus, in the formation of O 2 from O 2 ,
793 +¿¿

paramagnetism decreases but the bond order N H 3 molecule has three fold axis of symmetry
(a)

increases because it has s p3 hybridisation but due to

presence of one lone pair of electron it has
787

P a g e | 150
pyramidal structure.
Anions are larger in size than their parent
(c)

atom.
794

Basic character of hydrides decreases down

(b)

the gp.
803

N a and C l are formed.

(c)
+¿ ¿ −¿ ¿
795

NO is paramagnetic in nature
(b) 804
(b)
796 : −C H 3 has s p3 hybridisation.

Cation radius increases down the group.

(d)

797

According to Born-lande equation

(a)

( 1n −1 )¿
2
−¿e An
Z
+¿
805
Where , U is lattice energy
rnode
U =Z ¿

Glycerol and ethanol both have

(c)
r node is interionic distance
intermolecular hydrogen bonding but in
glycerol (C H 2 OH . CHOH . C H 2 OH ¿ hydrogen
1
∵ U∝
bonds per molecule is more than ethanol
∴ Ions should be of small size to have high
interionic disance

lattice energy. ( C 2 H 5 OH ). It increases attraction between the

molecules and hence, glycerol is more viscous
than ethanol.
798
(d)
Dipole moment of C H 3 OH is maximum in 806
these.
Larger anion is more polarised.
(a)
799
807
Intermolecular H -bonding gives rise to an
(b)
(a)
increase in b.p. In π 2 P orbital, two nodal planes are present.
¿
x

800 808

Hydrogen bond is formed between molecules

(d)
H 3 B O3 has structure
(b)

of compounds having O, F and N with H.

Boron has three bonds thus

2 3
s p hybrdised . Each oxygen has two bonds∧two lone pair hence s p hybridised .
801

Species having same hybridisation show

(d)

similar geometry. ∵ H 2 S does not have O, F or N.

SO 4
2−¿ :¿
Hybridisation of S⟶ s p 3 ∴ It does not form hydrogen bond.
Hybridisation of Cl⟶ s p 3
−¿ :¿ 810
ClO4
NaF has maximum melting point, melting
(a)
802

P a g e | 151
point decreases with increases in size of presents, e g , O3
halide ion and their bond energy get lower
811

s-orbitals never go for lateral overlapping

(a)

because of non-directional nature.

820

According to Born-Haber cycle the enthalpy

(d)
812
of formation (∆ H f ) of an ionic compound may
The metallic character is found in iodine as
(d)
be given as
well as in astatine (At). Note that metallic
character increases down the group.
1
∆ H f =S+ D+ I + E+U
Where, I = ionisation energy
2
813
S = sublimation energy
Ionization energy increases along the period
(b)
E = electron affinity
and decreases down the group. Also (b) has D = dissociation energy
[ Ne ] 3 s2 , 3 p 3, i .e ., half filled configuration, U = lattice energy of compound
being more stable and thus, have high Born-Haber cycle is used to determine the
ionization energy. lattice energy of the compound. It also may
814 be used to calculate electron affinity of an
(a) element.
The correct option is O 2 . This species has 821
2−¿¿

18 electrons, which are filled in such a way (c)

that all molecular orbitals are fully filled, so Element C has electronic structure
diamagnetic. 1 s , 2 s ,2 p ,it requires only one electron to
2 2 5

σ 1 s σ 1 s , σ 2 s σ 2 s σ 2 p z , π 2 p x =π 2 p y , π 2 p x =π 2 p ycomplete its octet and it will form anion so it

will form electrovalent bond
2¿ 2 2¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 2

815
822
Water is an universal solvent.
(a)
(a)
H atom has 1 s 1 configuration. Shielding effect
is property of penultimate shell electrons.
816

According to Fajan’s rule, as the charge on 823

(a)

cation increase its size decreases. As a result (b)

its tendency to polarise anion increases. This N O2 : The species is linear with sp-
+¿¿

brings more and more covalent character to hybridisation.

electrovalent compounds.
∵Among AlC l 3 , LaC l 3 , MgC l 2andCsCl size of
A l is smallest. : The species is trigonal planar with s p2
3+¿ ¿ −¿¿

polarises anion to highest extent.

N O3
-hybridisation.
3+¿¿
∴Al
∴ AlC l 3has maximum covalent character.
817

C 6 H 6 has regular hexagonal geometry.

(a)
N H 4 : The species is tetrahedral with s p3-
+¿¿

818 hybridisation.

S F6 has six S− F bonds.

(c)

819

Resonating structure can be written only for

(a)

such molecules in which multiple bonds are

P a g e | 152
824 electrons).

Both C and N have six electrons.

(d)
+¿ ¿

825

According to Fajans’ rule, polarization of

(a)

anion is influenced by charge of cation, size 838

of cation. More is the charge on cation, more
C l 2 involves 3 p−3 p overlapping.
(b)
is polarization of anion.
826 839

Only Sulphur has d -orbitals.

(b)
Smaller cation causes more polarization of
(b)

anion. 840
(c)
Cl O4 has s p3-hybridization on Cl atom.
827
−¿¿
(a)

Bond order ¿ [no. of bonding electrons-no.

1 841

of antibonding electron]
2
Due to dipole moment intermolecular forces
(d)

828 of attraction becomes stronger and thus,

liquefaction becomes easier.
Pauling work on chemical bonding.
(c)
842
829
s p d -hybridisation leads to trigonal
(d)

All have linear structure

(a) 3

bipyramidal geometry if no lone pair is

O=C=O , Cl−Hg−Cl , H−C ≡C−H present, e .g. , PC l 5; in Cl F 3 geometry is T-
shaped due to the presence of two lone pair
830
of electron. In Xe F 2, geometry is linear due to
A characteristic of metallic bonding.
(d)

the presence of three lone pair of electrons.

831
843

Due to larger differences in electronegativity.

(a)

Due to the presence of lone pair on N atom.

(a)

833
844
(b)
S F 4 has s p3 d –hybridization. Rest all have s p3
B2: Total electrons = 10
(a)

-hybridization.
Configuration : σ 1 s σ 1 s σ 2 s σ 2 s π 2 p x =π 2 p y
2¿ 2 2¿ 2 1 1

If Hund’s rule is violated, then

834

NO has 15 electrons.
(a)
2¿ 2 2¿ 2 2 0
σ 1 s σ 1 s σ 2 s σ 2 s π 2 p x =π 2 p y
835 So, diamagnetic

Bond order =
T i has 21 electrons in it. Rest all have 10
(d) 6−4
+¿¿ =1
electrons.
2
845

Bonding molecular orbitals possess lower

836 (a)

energy levels than antibonding orbitals.

(a)
O2 has one unpaired electron.
−¿ ¿

837 846

is smallest and N a has largest radius.

(a)
Structure of ammonia is pyramidal (Distorted B e
(a)
2 +¿¿ +¿ ¿

from tetrahedral to pyramidal due to 847

repulsion between lone pair and bond pair of (b)
P a g e | 153
Hydrogen bond is strongest in HF due to
higher electronegativity of F.
S O3 sp
2

C2 H2 sp
2
848 C2 H4 sp
3
(d)
The structure of H 2 O is angular V-shape and
C H4 sp
C O2 sp
has s p3- hybridisation and bond angle is 105 ° . Hence, the hybrid state of S in S O 3 is similar
Its dipole moment value is positive or more to that of C in C 2 H 4 .
than zero. 856
(d)
( s p3 hybridisation) pyramidal
−¿, XeO 3 ,¿
IO3
PF6 , S F6 (sp 3 d2 ) octahedral
But in B e F 2 , structure is linear due to sp-
−¿¿

BH 4 , NH +¿, tetrahedral
hybridisation (μ=0). Thus, due to μ>0 , H 2 O is
−¿¿ Si F 4
(sp 3 )¿

trigonal planar
4

dipolar and due to μ=0, Be F 2 is non-polar.

2
2−¿(s p )¿
CO
trigonal planar
3
2
−¿(s p )¿
849 NO 3

These are factors on which effective nuclear

(d) 3
S F ( s p d) see−saw
Hence, Si F 4and S F 4 are not isostructural
4

charge depends.
(same structure).
850
857
5 ( on P ) +4 ( on H )−1=8 .
(a)
(b)
PC l 3 has s p3-hybridisation and possesses one
lone pair on P-atom and three bond pair of
851

Phosphoric acid has 3 – OH groups, which are electron

(b)

involved in hydrogen bonding .

The type of hydrogen bonding, found , is
intermolecular. Due to this, it is syrupy.
852
(c)
The bond angles are H 2 S N H3
Si H 4 B F3
92.6 ͦ 107 ͦ
859

109 28′ 120 ͦ

(c)
N atom in N H 3 provides electron pair to H
ͦ +¿¿

853 to form coordinate or dative bond (H 3 N → H ).

The metals have low ionization energy. In a

(b)
861

piece of metal many free electrons are found

(d)
Due to H -bonding, V ice > V water.
which move form one atom to other. The
presence of mobile electrons or oscillation of
862

loose electrons are responsible for metallic

The covalent compounds have low melting
(b)

lusture.
point due to weaker forces of attraction
among them as compared to strong forces of
854

attraction in ionic compounds.

Same spin electrons in two atoms do not take
(c)

∵ HCl is covalent compound among CsF, HCl

part in bonding.
HF and Li
(CsF, HF and LiF are ionic compounds)
855

∴ HCl has minimum boiling point.

(b)

Molecule Hybridisation 863

P a g e | 154
(b) removal of two electrons needs more energy.

(i) Hybridisation = (no. of e in valence

1 −¿¿ 868

shell of central atom + no. of monovalent Born-Haber cycle inter-relates the various
2 (d)

atoms + charge on anion – charge on cation) energy terms involved in ionic bonding.

(ii) Shape or geometry of molecule depends (a)

869

on lone pair and bond pair of electrons

.
present in it.
3
( ) 3
−¿ s p ∧H 2 O (s p ) ¿
−¿ ( s p ) ,N H
2

B F 3 ( s p ) , N O2
2 2 ¿

Hybridisation of
870

s p hybridisation
(c)
3

N in N H 3 ¿ ( 5+3+0−0 ) =4 Tetrahedron molecule

1
ds p hybridisation Square
2 2

∴ s p hybridisation. planar molecule

s p d hybridisation Trigonal
3

∵ It has 3 bond pair and 1 lone pair of bipyramidal molecule

3

electrons, so it has distorted tetrahedron s p3 d 2∨d 2 sp3 Octahedron

shape. molecule
864 hybridisation
871
The bond angle decreases with decrease in
(d)
(b)
electronegativity. It results in decrease in
repulsion between bond pair-bond pair
electrons and bond angle becomes smaller.
Total number of unshared electrons ¿ 4 ×4=16
Between N H 3 and H 2 O, H 2 O has smaller
bond angle due to presence of two lone pair
872

of electrons causing more repulsion among

Ionisation energy order is B<C< O< N .
(d)

electrons as compared of NH 3 which has only

one lone pair of electron.
873

Given,
(d)

Hydrides N H H 2 O H 2 S H 2 Se H 2 Te
observed dipole moment = 1.03 D
3

Bond angles 107 ° 105° 92 ° 91° 90 ° Bond length of HCl molecule, d = 1.275 Å

H 2 Te has smallest bond angle. −8

¿ 1.275 ×10 cm
Charge of electron, e−¿=4.8 ×10 esu ¿
−10

Percentage ionic character = ?

865

Theoretical value of dipole moment = e × d

In ionic solids, ions exist at lattice points. In
(a)

covalent solids atoms lie at lattice points. ¿ 4.8 × 10 × 1.275 ×10 esu.c
−10 −8

m
¿ 6.12 ×10 esu.cm
866
−18

In structure (c), all the atoms have complete = 6.12 D

(c)

octet. Thus, it is the correct representation of Percentage ionic character

carbon suboxide
867 observed dipole moment
¿ × 100
theoretical value of dipole moment
Smaller is atom, more is energy needed to
(b)
1.03
remove electron, i .e ., ionisation energy. Also
¿ ×100=16.83 %
6.12
P a g e | 155
874 Hence, the anion X is N 2
−¿ .¿

Double bond involves the sharing of two

(b) 885

electron pairs or four electrons. Small cation causes more polarization in

(a)

875 anion. Also larger anions are easily polarized

(b) by a cation. More is polarization of anion,
There are 16 P−O bonds in P4 O 10. more is covalent character.
876 886

Difference of electronegativity > 1.7 produces

(a)
Hydrogen bonding is responsible for their
(c)

ionic compound. solubility.

877 887

It is a concept.
(a)
Ne has van der Waals radius larger than
(a)

878 covalent radius of fluorine.

Low ionisation potential indicates that

(a) 888

element can easily lose electron to form As the number of unpaired electrons (lone
(c)

cation. pair of electrons) increases, bond angle

879 decreases. Thus, the decreasing order of
bond angle is
Ionic compounds having lattice energy higher
(d)
Species : NO 2
than hydration energy are insoluble in water.
−¿ ¿
+¿> N O 2>NO 2 ¿

Bond angle: 180 ° 135 ° 115 °

880
889

Removal of electron is easier in f -block

(a)
(a)
Dipole moment of C H 4=0 .
elements due to more shielding.
890
881

Each has 22 electrons.

(b)
Metals and non-metals combine to complete
(d)

their octet. Since, non-metals have lack of

891
electrons, in order to complete their octet,
C S2 is linear having zero dipole moment.
(d)
they gain electrons, consequently, the size of
non-metal atom will increase. 892

Atomic radius decreases along the period,

Metal + Non−metal ⟶ Electrovalent bond (a)

increases down the group.

¿
882
894
These are characteristics of hydration.
(d)
(b)
In N H 3, the N atom contains a one lone pair
of electrons and three bond pairs in its
883

Molecules or ion having no unpaired valence shell. So, it shows s p hybridisation.

(c)
3

electrons are diamagnetic, e . g ., Due to presence of one lone pair of electron,

its shape deviates from tetrahedral because
lone pair shows more repulsion than bond
−¿=¿¿ 2 ¿ 2 2
L i2=6 e σ 1 s ,σ 1 s , σ 2 s

pairs.
884

Given electronic configuration of anion X is As

(a)

lp – lp> lp−bp>bp−bp
So, its shape is pyramidal and angle 107 ° .
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 1
σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , π 2 p x =π 2 p y , σ 2 pz , π 2 p x
∴ Total number of electrons of anion X = 15
895

P a g e | 156
 Hence, Bond order ¿ (9−4)=2.5
(d) 1
The K sp value of CuS is less than ZnS and thus, 2
ZnS is more soluble. Also sodium salts are 906
highly soluble in water. (b)
In XeF 5 Xe atom has only seven electrons ,
+¿, ¿

i .e ., 5 s 5 p5. Here two 5p electrons are

896

Both carbon atoms have 2 σ -and 2 π -bonds.

(c)
promoted to 5d-sublevel. Then 5s, three 5p
2

897 and two 5d orbitals hybridize to give six s p3 d 2

hybrid orbitals in an octahedral geometry.
1 debye=10 esu.
(b)
Out of these five orbitals are singly occupied
−18

898 which form sigma bonds with five F atoms.

The sixth hybrid orbital is occupied by a lone
Low ionisation energy indicates that electron
(c)
pair in trans position giving a square pyramid
can be easily lost and cation formation is structure.
easier. 907
899
HOMO, means highest occupied molecular
(d)

The paramagnetic species has unpaired

(b)
orbital and in CO (14 electron ion ),σ bonding
electron in it. molecular orbital in HOMO
(a) H 2=1+1=σ 1 s
2

(b)
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2
CO=σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s ,σ 2 s , π 2 p x =π 2 p y , σ 2 p z
909
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2
N 2=7 +7=14=σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , π 2 p x =π 2 p y , σ(c)
2 pz
(c) Sulphur is s p2hybridised in S O 2.
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2
CO=6+ 8=14=σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , π 2 p x =π 2 p y ,σ 2 psz 2 , 2 s2 2 p 6 ,3 s2 3 p 4 3 d 0
(d)
S=1

O2=8+ 8=16=σ 1 s 2 , ¿σ 1 s2 , σ 2 s 2 , ¿σ 2 s2 , σ 2 p2z , ( π 2 p2x =π 2 p2y ) ,( ¿π 2 p 1x = ¿π 2 p 1y )

∵ O2 molecule has unpaired electrons.
∴ O2 molecule is paramagnetic.

Due to s p2-hybridisation and presence of one

901

C 2 , N 2 and F 2 has no unpaired electron in their lone pair of electrons S O2 has angular
(c)

molecular orbital configuration. geometry.

902

IP of inert gases is maximum.

(d)
Among N 2 O, C O2∧CO , all have sp-
903 hybridisation.
(d)
Cu loses two electron to form C u 2+¿¿.
910

Coordinate bonding involves sharing of an

(c)
905
(a) electron pair provided by a donor to acceptor
atom.
+¿¿ ¿
O2
2 ¿ 1 0
¿(π 2 p ) z π ( 2 p y ) =( 2 p z )
¿
π
911

Hence, bond order ¿ (10−5)=2.5

(a)
In the structure of P4 O 10, each phosphorus
1

atom is covalently linked with three oxygen

2

atoms and each oxygen atom is bonded to two

+¿ ¿¿
N2

phosphorus atoms. Each phosphorus atom is

2 1
¿ ( π 2 pz) , (σ 2 px )
also linked with an additional oxygen atom
P a g e | 157
with the help of a coordinate linkage by lone planar) structure.
pair of electron present on P atom. The three fluoride atoms lie at the corners of
an equilateral triangle with boron at the
centre. Thus, the vectorial addition of the
dipole moments of the three bonds gives a net
sum of zero.

920

Bond order ∝ Stability

(c)

Hence, for a stable molecule the value of

bond order must be positive. When bond
912

order is zero the molecule will not exist.

H 2 C=C=C H 2 or
(d)

Allene (C 3 H 4)
921

Follow Fajans’ rule.

(b)
H
H 922
¿
It is a fact.
(b)
¿

It has 2 double and 4 single bonds

H−C=C=C−H 923
(a)
In PC l 3 and POC l 3 , P atom is s p3-hybridized.
913

CsCl is ionic.
(b)
924
(c)
Square planar geometry has ds p -
914 2

hybridisation.
In NaOH, N a andO H ions are bonded
(c)
+¿ ¿ −¿¿

together by ionic bond while in O H ion

−¿¿ 925

oxygen and hydrogen atoms are bonded

(c)
Both Br O3 and Xe O 3 have s p3-hybridisation
together by covalent bond N a+¿ [ O− H ] ¿.
−¿ ¿

and one lone pair of electron.

−¿¿

915
926

Effective nuclear charge increases in this

(d)
(a)
HF and C H 3 OH shows intermolecular
order.
hydrogen bonding.
917
927
AgBr has higher lattice energy.
(d)

During hydration of ions in aqueous solution,

(d)

there exists an attractive force between ions

918

and water molecules, which are polar in

(c)

nature and acts as dipole. So, hydrogen of

74 198
r H= =37 pm, r Cl = =99 pm .
ions in aqueous solution is an example ion-
2 2
B.L. of HCl ≈ r H +r Cl
dipole interaction.
919
928

A symmetrical molecule have zero dipole

(b)

According to Fajan’s rule, largest cation and

(c)

moment. The dipole moment of B F 3 molecule

smallest ions form ionic bond
is zero due to its symmetrical (triangular
P a g e | 158
929 Given ionic charge = 4.8 × 10−10 e.s.u. and ionic
(d) distance ¿ 1 Å=10−8 cm. We know that dipole
Phosphorus atom is s p hybridised in P4 moment = Ionic charge × ionic distance
usually. Therefore, p-character 75%
3

−10 −8
¿(4.8 ×10 )× 10
¿ 4.8 × 10 e. s. u. per
930 −18

cm
(c)
N a is cation; C l −¿ , P O ¿ are anion. ¿ 4.8 debye.
+¿ ¿ 3−¿¿
4

931 939

Ionisation energy decreases down the group. As the s-character increases in hybridised
(c) (d)

932 orbitals, its electronegativity increases.

The characteristics to be observed during

(d) 2 3
sp
s-character 50% 33.3% 25%
sp sp
removal of II electron.
940
933
(d)
PC l 3 and AsC l 3 have s p3 hybridisation and
(c)
1.( N 2 ⟶¿
P F5 has s p3 d hybridisation. Hence, in group
¿ of P C l 3 , AsC l 3 and P F5 all do not have s p3 d
+¿⟶ ¿ ¿
hybridisation.
N2 942

Each has 18 electrons.

(d)
¿

1.O 2 ⟶ ¿ 943

Alkali metals are always univalent.

(b)
1
¿ (π2 py)
¿

944
+¿⟶ ¿ ¿
(c)
Xe F 4 has s p3 d 2-hybridized Xe atom having
O2

¿ two lone pair of electrons and thus,

octahedral geometry changes to square
Since , π 2 p x ∧π 2 p y are nearly same in energy,
planar due to lone pair effect.
the electrons can be removed from ( 945
π 2 p ∨π 2 p ) (d)
PC l 5=s p d (Trigonal pyramidal)
y x
3

and (π 2 p ¿ π 2 p ) respectively. I F 7=s p d (Pentagonal bipyramidal)

¿ ¿
3 3

H 3 O+¿=s p ¿(Pyramidal)
y x

Cl O2=s p (Angular) bond length are shorter

934
2
(b)
Both possess 1 s 2 , 2 s 2 2 p6 , 3 s 2 3 p6 configuration. than single bond due to resonance.
936 (Tetrahedral)
3

NH +¿=s
4
p ¿

The resultant dipole in regular tetrahedron is

(d)

zero. 946
937 (d)
B in B F 3 has s p2-hybridization.
Smaller the size of cation, more is ionic
(c)

character, more is attraction among ions.

947

In metallic bonds, the valence shell electrons

(c)
938
(c) are delocalised and shared between many
P a g e | 159
atoms. These delocalised electrons allow the
metal atoms to slide past one another without
being subjected strong repulsive forces. The
malleability and ductility of metals is due to
this sliding capacity of the delocalised
electrons. 953
948
Only p-orbitals give rise to σ -bond (head on
(b)
(b)
overlapping) and π -bond (lateral
C H 3 −CH 2−N H 2
overlapping).
3 3
sp sp
C H 3 −CH =C H 2 954
(b)
HCl and AlC l 3 are covalent but give ions in
3 2 2
sp sp sp

solution.
O
¿∨¿
C H 3 −C−N H 2 955

As a result of more overlapping. Note that π -

3 3 (b)
sp sp

bonds are formed after σ -has already formed.

CH 3−C H 2−C ≡ N
3 2
s p s p sp 956
949
(b)
(a) N H 3 + H
A reason for given fact.
(a) +¿⟶ NH ¿
+¿ ¿

(3bp + 1lp) ¿hybridisation¿

4

⟹ s p hybridisation)
950
3

(b) B F 3 + F
(c) −¿¿
−¿⟶ BF ¿

(3bp + s p2hybridisation)
4

¿hybridisation¿
(c) H 2 O+ H
+ ¿¿
+¿⟶ H 3 O ¿

(2bp + 2lp (3bp + 1lp

⟹ s p hybridisation)⟹ s p hybridisation)
3 3

(d) CH ≡ CH + 2 H 2 ⟶C H 3−C H 3
Benzene nitrile contains 13 σ and 5 π bonds.
sp sp 3 3

Hence, reaction given in option (b) involves

sp sp
951

the change of hybridisation from s p2to s p3.

(d)
During melting of Si O2 , the gient network
structure held by covalent bonds breaks to
957

give individual molecules of Si O2 . In contrast,

(c)
Lattice energy of BaS O 4 is appreciable high
during boiling of H 2 O only change of state
and predominates over hydration energy.
occurs from liquid to gaseous; during melting 958
of KCN, electrostatic attraction between K
+¿ ¿

and C N ions is overcome ; during boiling of Xe in XeO F has

(a)
s p d -hybridization having
−¿¿

C F 4 , van der Waals’ forces of attraction

3 2

one lone pair on Xe atom.

4

breaks 960
952 (c)
(b) Due to back bonding in B F 3.
Ethyl alcohol C 2 H 5 OH is soluble in water due 961
to H-bonding. (c)

P a g e | 160
 969

I F 5 is square pyramid ¿-hybridisation in I);

(a)

C=C is s p -hybridization and C ≡ N is sp-

3
PC l 5 is trigonal bipyramid ¿-hybridisation in
hybridized. P).
962 970

Electron affinity order for halogens is

(c)
Characteristics of bond order concept.
(d)

Cl> F> Br > I . 971

963 (c)
M.θ . configuration of O 2 is
Potash alum is a double salt.
(c)

Potash alum, K 2 S O 4 . A l x ( S O 4 )3 .24 H 2 O (given)

2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 1 ¿ 1
σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s ,σ 2 s , σ 2 p , π 2 p x , π 2 p y , π 2 p x , π 2 p y
.
Ions Al S O4
Valency +3 -2
972

Therefore, A l 3 ( S O 4 )3 is compound of A l 3+¿ ¿ and Bond energy of C l 2 is highest among all

(b)

. halogen molecules. B.E. of F 2 , C l 2 , B r 2 , I 2 are

2−¿ ¿

On comparing, x=2
SO 4
37, 58, 46 and 36 kcal mo l ¿ respectively.
¿

Hence, formula of potash alum is 974

= K 2 S O 4 . A l 2 ( S O 4 )3 .24 H 2 O (a)

Bond length ∝
964 1
(d) Bond order
For K O2 , O2 has unpaired electron so, it is N O
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2 ¿ 1 ¿ 1
−¿=σ 1s , σ 1s ,σ 2s , σ 2s ,σ 2 px ,π 2 py =π 2 pz , π 2 p y= π 2 pz ¿
−¿ ¿ −¿=16 e ¿

paramagnetic.
BO =
N b−¿ N
O2 (17)
−¿ ¿ ¿ a

2
σ 1 s , σ 1 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 s , σ 2 p x ,(σ 2 p y =σ 2 p z ), 10−6
2 ¿ 2 2 ¿ 2 2 2 2
¿ =2
2
Similarly BO of N O will be calculated as
¿ 2 ¿ 1
π 2 p y =π 2 p z +¿¿

965 +¿=14 e
−¿¿
¿
NO
(c)
HCl exists as H δ +¿ — C l ¿ due to difference in BO ¿
δ−¿¿ 10−4
=3
electronegativity of H and Cl .
2
−¿,BO=3 ¿

966
C N −¿=14 e ¿
9−4
−¿ ,BO= =2.5¿

Outer shell electrons are referred as valence

2
+¿=13 e ¿
(b) CN
Bond order is least for N O . So, its bond
electrons.
−¿¿

length is highest.
967 975

Bond order ∝ stability

(d) (c)

Species Bond order

−¿¿
+¿+ B r3 ¿
CsB r 3 ⟶ C s

2.5
+¿¿ 976
O2
2.0
(c)
O2
1.5
H H H H
−¿ ¿
O2 ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
Hence, the order of stability is H−C=C−C−C−H
¿ ¿
−¿¿
+¿>O2> O2 ¿
O2

Number of bonds in 1-butene are 11.

968 H H
σ
Diamond is hard, graphite is soft.
(c)
977

P a g e | 161
(b)
has s p2-hybridization and possesses
−¿¿
N O3
coplanar or equilateral triangular geometry.
978

CC l 4 involves two non-metals C and Cl and

(b)

thus, bonding is covalent. Ca H 2 is an ionic

compound as it involves alkaline earth metal.
979

CaO is basic oxide.

(c)

P a g e | 162
P a g e | 163