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Class 8 Science Chap 3

Coke is a superior fuel compared to coal due to its higher calorific value and lower pollution. Petroleum, a mixture of various hydrocarbons, can be separated through distillation, yielding products like petrol and diesel. To conserve petroleum, practices such as driving at moderate speeds and maintaining vehicles are recommended.

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17 views2 pages

Class 8 Science Chap 3

Coke is a superior fuel compared to coal due to its higher calorific value and lower pollution. Petroleum, a mixture of various hydrocarbons, can be separated through distillation, yielding products like petrol and diesel. To conserve petroleum, practices such as driving at moderate speeds and maintaining vehicles are recommended.

Uploaded by

Rudra Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Short Answers:

1. Coke is a better fuel than coal. Coke has 4higher calorific value and produces lesser
pollution and residue.
2. The breaking up of coal into byproducts by heating it at 1000 to 1400oC in the
absence of air is known as destructive distillation of coal.
3. Coke is used as domestic fuel. It is used as reducing agent in metallurgy.
4. Petroleum contains a large number of different hydrocarbons and compounds of
nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. These can be separated by physical process of
distillation. Hence petroleum is a mixture.
5. Some main products obtained from distillation of crude oil are petroleum gas,
petrol, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, petroleum jelly, grease,
asphalt, etc.
6. Some ways to save petroleum are
a. Drive at moderate speed.
b. Switch off the engines when stopping at red lights.
c. Keep your vehicle timely serviced and well maintained to get maximum fuel
efficiency.
d. Maintain correct air pressure in tyres.
e. Use public vehicles or sharing of vehicles wherever possible.

Long Answers:

1. The resources which are present in an unlimited quantity in nature and are not going
to finish are called inexhaustible resources. Example wind, water, sunlight.
The resources which are present in limited quantity and are likely to finish one day
are called exhaustible resources. Example coal, petroleum, forests, etc.
2. Millions of years ago, big plants and trees got buried inside the earth. With time,
layers of soil pushed them deep inside where it was subjected to high temperature
and pressure in absence of air. In thousands of years these trees underwent
anaerobic thermal degradation into coal.
3. The gaseous product obtained by the destructive distillation of coal is called coal
gas. In this method coal is heated at 1000-1400oC in the absence of air. The active
components of coal gas are hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide.
4. Millions of years ago, when the organisms living in the sea died, their dead bodies
sank to the bottom and were gradually covered under layers of sand and clay. These
remains got converted into petroleum due to combined effect of high temperature,
high pressure and bacteria in absence of air.

HOTS
1. The petrol, diesel and CNG that we use to drive our vehicles were obtained from
fossilisation of dead plants and algae that lived millions of years ago.
2. The slow degradation of wood under high temperature and pressure in absence of
air in millions of years is called Anaerobic Thermal Degradation. This took place
deep inside the Earth crust.
3. Petroleum is lighter than water. It does not mix with water (immiscible). These two
properties keeps the petroleum as a separate layer floating over water.
4. Burning of fossil fuels produce lots of carbon dioxide. Large scale planting of trees
will enable them to absorb carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and produce oxygen,
thus reducing pollution.

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